Population of Munich: size, ethnic composition. Illustrated magazine by Vladimir Dergachev “Landscapes of life Population in Munich

Munich - the capital of beer and baroque

Munich is unlike any other city in Germany. The Bavarian capital has its own architectural appearance and a special, colorful and expansive lifestyle. This city is called “Bavarian Rome”. The majestic beauty of its layout has a truly imperial scale, the features of a world capital. Baroque cathedrals and pompous buildings in the classicist style reinforce this impression.

“German Rome” is how the capital of Bavaria, Munich, is often called. The history of Munich goes back centuries - the official date of its founding is considered to be 1158. With its unique Old Town Hall and the historic Hofbräuhaus, beer festivals and excellent museums, Munich is increasingly attracting tourists from all over the world. It is also a large industrial metropolis: since the 60s, world-famous companies such as Agfa, BMW, Siemens were created here, and the film industry also developed. For the Germans themselves, Munich remains a symbol of beer, tradition and celebration. Bavarians secretly consider it the capital of Germany and are very proud of it. Munich is the tourist Mecca of Germany, a city of grace and joy of life

Munich has many faces. Munich is a metropolis and a “big village”, where people will greet you on the street. Munich is a large open-air museum of architecture of all European styles, from Gothic to Art Nouveau. Munich is home to world-famous beer, fried sausages, white pretzels and the world's largest Oktoberfest. Munich is home to chic boutiques and a huge number of European and especially German celebrities. Munich is the industrial capital of Germany. Munich is a city of cinema. Munich – treasures of world painting in the Pinakothek. Munich is waiting for you, just as it waits for tourists from all over the world every year, and it is significant that the Germans themselves go on vacation to Munich with pleasure!

Munich - Munich

places (layout and main buildings mainly designed by the architect G. Benish and others), an Olympic village for 12 thousand people. (layout and landscaping designed by architect G. Gollein). A city railway line and a new metro line were built.

Lit.: Kreisel N., München, die Stadt als Kunstwerk, , 1968.

Klenze. Propylaea in M Yu nhene. 1846-60.

M Yu nhen. City plan.

Amalienburg Palace in Nymphenburg Park.

1734-39. Architect F. Cuvillier.

Olimpic village. 1968-72. Planning and landscaping designed by architect G. Gollein.

Old Town Hall.

1470. Architect J. Ganghofer.

Glyptothek. 1816-30. Architect L. von Klenze.

The administrative building of the Osram electric lamp industry enterprise. 1964-65. Architects W. Henn, D. Strebel.

Theatinerkirche church.

1663-1767. Architects A. Berelli, E. Zuccalli, F. Cuvillier.

Church of St. Michael's Church. 1583-97. Architect F. Sustris. In the background is the Frauenkirche church (1466-92, architect J. Ganghofer).

M Yu nhen. General view of the city.

Munich

This city in southern Germany is located on the Isar River and is the capital of the federal state of Bavaria and, at the same time, the administrative district of Upper Bavaria.

The so-called “free city”.

Administrative division. Back in 1996, Munich was administratively divided into 41 districts, but as a result of the reform, their number was reduced to 25.

The name of the city comes from the Old High German “Munichen”, which means “with the monks”.

Population of Munich is 1,410,259 people - it is the largest city in Bavaria and the third largest among German cities.

Local government. The federal government of Bavaria, the government of Upper Bavaria, and the Munich district office are located here.

Education and science

Munich is a major industrial and research center.

Famous universities are located here - the Technical University of Munich, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (originally founded in 1472.

in Ingolstadt, and since 1826. located in Munich), as well as the Institute of Plasma Physics named after. Max Planck, Hochschule für Musik, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts.

Of no small importance is one of the largest libraries in Europe - the Bavarian State Library, numbering 6 million.

copies of the fund. In addition, Munich is home to a nuclear research reactor, the Philharmonic, the Giesing and Sendling observatories.

Sights, architecture

The central square of the city with the column of the Virgin Mary erected by Emperor Maximilian I is called Marienplatz, around it there are various attractions, incl.

Old and New Town Halls.

There are many architectural and historical monuments here.

The area of ancient buildings is called the Old Town - with the Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God located here, the tallest in Munich (bell tower height 99 m), and other churches.

St. Peter's Church is the oldest church in Munich, built in the 12th century.

True, at the beginning of the 14th century, it was badly destroyed and restored, but in a different, Romanesque style.

The Church of St. Michael was built at the end of the 16th century and is one of the most beautiful buildings of the German Renaissance.

Here are many kings and princes from the Wittelsbach dynasty (among them Ludwig II of Bavaria, who went down in history under the nickname of the “fairy-tale king”). The Theatine Church of St. Cajetan of the 17th century is distinguished by its grandiose dimensions (the height of the dome is 71 m.) The Asamkirche church, considered a masterpiece in the late Baroque style, is very beautiful.

Museums

Munich is called the “city of museums”; many of them were founded by Louis I of Bavaria: these are the old and new Pinakothek and Glyptothek.

The Alte Pinakothek is Munich's most visited museum, with a collection of masterpieces by European Old Masters that includes 9,000 paintings by 1,400 artists.

The New Pinakothek was built in the middle of the 19th century by order of Louis I of Bavaria, but was destroyed during the Second World War and restored in the late 70s of the 20th century.

Its halls display about 550 paintings and 50 works of sculpture. The collection covers the period from Rococo to Art Nouveau, as well as Impressionist painting.

The Glyptotek is the oldest of Munich's museums and the first museum open to the public in Europe.

Here are masterpieces of ancient sculpture from the collection collected by Louis I of Bavaria. The gallery of contemporary art is located in the House of Arts. Its collection consists of 400 paintings and sculptures dating from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day, including surrealists, fauvists and cubists. You can't miss works by Klee, Ernst Kirchner, Emil Nolde, August Macke, as well as 14 works by Picasso.

The German Museum is considered one of the largest technical museums in Europe; it is dedicated to natural sciences and technology.

It was founded in 1903. Oscar von Miller.

Estate museums are also interesting. Thus, Villa Lenbach is a museum located in the building of the villa of the artist Franz Lenbach; its collection includes works by artists who were part of the Blue Rider group, incl. and Wassily Kandinsky.

Frescoes and paintings of neo-romanticism and symbolism are exhibited in Villa Stuka.

artist Franz von Stuck.

The Munich Museum is dedicated to the history of this city; there is a wonderful collection of old engravings and models of Munich.

It is also worth visiting the Toy Museum, the German Theater Museum, and the BMW Museum.

Other attractions

The English Park is very beautiful, which is one of the largest city parks in the world - it stretches from the center of Munich to its outskirts along the banks of the river. Izar.

The “Olympic Park” architectural complex in a modern style, built for the Olympic Games in Munich in 1972, is unique.

The 290-meter tower and the observatory with a glass and metal roof in the form of a huge tent are impressive. There is also a water stadium, an Olympic stadium, an ice skating rink and a velodrome, and on the tower there is a revolving restaurant with an observation deck.

A remarkable architectural monument is Nymphenburg Palace, the former summer residence of the Wittelsbachs. The palace was built by order of Elector Ferdinand Maria in the 17th century in the Baroque style - it is the largest Baroque palace in Germany.

An interesting thing in this palace is the Gallery of Beauties - a hall decorated by order of King Louis I with portraits of the most beautiful ladies. In Nymphenburg Park there are 3 more modest castles (Amalienburg, Badenburg and Pagodenburg) and the Magdalenenklause chapel.

In addition, it is worth seeing with your own eyes the following architectural ensembles: Allianz Arena, Munich Residence, Blutenburg Castle, Maximilianeum, Holnstein Palace.

Sport

There are 2 football teams in Munich: Bayern and Munich 1860.

Bayern is the most popular and titled German football club.

Public transport

The basis of public transport in Munich is a network of fast trains connecting city trains and the subway. There are also bus and tram routes. The fare here is charged not depending on the number of transfers and modes of transport, but on the number of conventional transport zones of the city crossed (there are 4 of them).

Railway connection

Main station

Munich is the second busiest train station in Germany, serving approximately 350,000 passengers per day. Also in Munich there is Ostbahnhof and Munich-Pasing train station.

Air service

Munich New Airport has been operating since 1992 and is the 2nd largest airport in Germany by annual passenger traffic and the 7th in Europe (50 million passengers per year, approximately 90 takeoffs/landings per hour). It is an important home airport for Lufthansa and Star Alliance airlines.

Located in the outskirts of Munich near the town of Freising.

Road transport

Munich has three internal transport rings, and international routes pass through this city.

Traditions and holidays

Munich is famous throughout the world for its brewing traditions. There are 6 large breweries here, and every autumn Munich hosts the Oktoberfest festival, which can be called a beer festival in German folk traditions.

Cities of Germany

Munich is a city at the foot of the Bavarian Alps on the Isar River in southern Germany, the capital of the federal state of Bavaria, the third largest and second most visited city by tourists after Berlin in Germany with a population of more than one and a half million people, about a quarter of whom are natives of other countries.

The government of Bavaria, the government of the Upper Bavarian district and the government of the Munich city district are located in Munich.

Modern Munich is not only a concentration of cultural and museum values, but also a large industrial and research center.

Thanks to famous universities, one of the largest Bavarian State Library in Europe, with 6 million volumes, the Max Planck and Heinz Mayer-Leibniz Institutes, a nuclear research reactor and many other institutions, Munich maintains a strong position in European science. Munich is also rightfully considered the IT capital of Germany.

City `s history

It is officially believed that the city was founded by Duke Henry the Lion in 1158.

In 1180, power over the city passed to the Wittelsbach dynasty. And only in 1505 Munich became the capital of Bavaria. Events in the first half of the 17th century brought an end to the period of prosperity. The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and the plague epidemic killed a third of the city's population. At the beginning of the 18th century the city was occupied by Austrian troops. In 1806 Bavaria becomes a kingdom. Under Kings Ludwig I (1825-1848) and Maximilian II (1848-1864), Munich became a cultural center.
King Ludwig II of Bavaria, famous for his passion for luxury, reigned from 1864 to 1886.

Many of the city's most beautiful houses date from the reign of these kings. After the First World War the city was gripped by significant political unrest. During these years, National Socialism (Fascism) was founded. In 1923, Hitler and his supporters organized the Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt to overthrow the republic and seize power.

Despite the fiasco, Hitler made Munich the headquarters of the Nazi Party, which in 1933 took control of the German national government.

The Second World War brought devastating damage to the city, much of which was subsequently repaired. In 1973, the capital of Bavaria hosted guests at the Olympic Games, for which the modern Olympic Stadium was built especially.

Sights of Munich

The towers of the Frauenkirche Cathedral, erected in honor of the patron saint of Munich, the Virgin Mary, are considered the symbol of the city.

Marienplatz is the central square of the city, which is proud of the wonderful Town Hall building, a rare clock mechanism with moving figures and a Fischbrunnen fountain.

The tallest (91 m) and oldest cathedral in Munich is St. Peter's Cathedral, from its observation deck there is an excellent view of the Old Town, and the pedestrian zone in the center of Old Munich, loved not only by guests of the city, but also by the Munich residents themselves, is, first of all, , two streets - Neuhauserstrasse and Kaufingerstrasse, smoothly flowing into one another.

There are department stores, souvenir shops, cafes and restaurants and wonderful monuments of architecture and art - the Burgersal prayer house, the Jesuit Church of St. Michael, the wonderful fountain "Fountain Boy" and everyone's favorite - the bronze hog (those who want to find their love should scratch the hog behind the ear).

The Asamkirche is not the most famous, but the most magnificent and extraordinary church in Munich - the embodiment of the Rococo style in all its irrepressible riot.

The impressive statue of Bavaria on Theresienwiese's Meadow is rivaled perhaps only by the Statue of Liberty in New York.

Nymphenburg Palace is a beautiful summer residence of the Bavarian kings.

Munich residents are no less proud of it than Parisians are of Versailles, and St. Petersburg residents are proud of Petrodvorets. In the palace park, in the artificial lake, there are quite a few tame swans swimming.

The architectural ensemble of Königplatz Square is beautiful, thanks to which Munich began to be called “Athens am Isar”. It was created by order of King Ludwig I. Grandiose buildings in the ancient style - the Glyptotek (which houses one of the best collections of sculpture in Europe), the building of the State Antique Collection and the delightful Propylaea.

The Lenbach House was built in the style of an Italian country villa for the then famous artist Franz von Lenbach.

After the artist's death, the house became the property of the city and was turned into an art gallery. The gallery is famous for the works presented here by Kandinsky and the artists of the Blue Rider group he organized.

When is the best time to go to Munich?

The tourist season begins in May and ends in October, when the weather is at its best. At this time, a large number of holidays and folk festivals take place, among them the famous Oktoberfest.

Summer days are sunny and warm, but be prepared for cool, rainy days even in July and August. The winter sports season in the Bavarian Alps runs from mid-December to mid-March, although it can get quite cold at times, especially in January.

Transport

Munich has an excellent integrated transport system (MVV), including the underground (U-Bahn), commuter trains (S-Bahn), trams and buses.

Local passenger transport is the easiest and most convenient way to get to the center and other city attractions. Tickets for all these vehicles are the same. There are a couple of options for tickets on sale, differing in the zones of Munich within which they are valid, in the number of people for which they are valid, and in the duration of validity.

The ticket allows you to use all local modes of transport with the exception of taxis (metro, tram, bus) in Munich and Salzburg, plus the ticket price includes second class train travel to Garmisch-Partenkirche and Salzburg.

The ticket is valid for 24 hours and is designed for 5 people; its approximate cost is 24 euros.

The option of moving around the city by car may seem quite expensive due to high parking costs.

Munich nightlife

Munich is a major performing arts center with a vibrant nightlife scene. The city is home to no less than four leading orchestras plus world-class opera and ballet groups.

A large number of theaters are scattered throughout the city, offering every genre from classics to modern German drama.

Munich's nightlife changes with the weather. When the weather is good and the night is balmy, the beer gardens are filled with hospitality. During the winter months, beer gardens give way to beer halls like the famous Hofbräuhaus. Beer gardens and venues usually empty around midnight, when the club scene starts to pick up steam.

Munich's club scene is very diverse. Based on this, it is not at all difficult to find a club for every taste, from country style to mega techno dance halls.

Many clubs are open until dawn. The districts of Haidhausen and Schwabing, with their cutting-edge clubs and vibrant nightlife, constantly compete with each other for the best nightlife in the city.

To find out about current events in entertainment and other places worth visiting in Munich, you should go to the tourist office, located right behind the train station (Hauptbahnhof), and purchase a monthly guide (Monatsprogramm) with a detailed program of events for the current month.

Approximate cost -1.50 euros. Unfortunately, the guide is published only in German, but regardless, it can be easy to learn and a very useful tool.

Holidays in Munich

The city's annual calendar is usually full of colorful holidays and festivals.

In February there is a carnival (Fasching) with a 4-6 week whirlpool of colorful parades. The carnival (in March) is followed by the strong beer festival (Starkbierzeit).

Munich is the capital of Bavaria

At the festival, beer with names ending in “ator” (Triumfator, Salvator) is consumed, following a tradition dating back to monastic days. In April, Munich hosts a mini Oktoberfest - a beer festival (Fruhlingsfest) and a mega colorful 8-day flea fair on the last Saturday of April (Maidult), also held at the end of July (Jakobidult) and at the end of October (Herbst Dult).

In June there is an international film festival, not as famous as in Berlin.

but attracting a fairly serious audience. In July there is an opera festival and a fun parade of gays and lesbians with outrageous outfits. The parade is considered one of the largest events in Europe. From September to October, Munich hosts Oktoberfest - the largest collective drinking party on the planet. Millions of people from all over the world come to this beer festival to have fun and enjoy beer, which is undoubtedly the main attribute of the holiday.

Every December there is a traditional Christmas market with stalls selling handicrafts and warming mulled wine.

The huge Christmas tree on Marienplatz, decorated with a great variety of lights, creates a truly magical mood.

But the biggest attraction, without a doubt, is the beer festival called Oktoberfest. This famous event is attended by millions of people from all over the world every year, during which the beer simply flows like a river.

By the way, it is estimated that, on average, about five million liters of beer are consumed during the entire celebration period.

Oktoberfest in Munich

The beer festival, Oktoberfest, is a real mass event on a global scale.

The holiday dates back to October 12, 1810, when Prince Ludwig I (later King Ludwig I) and Princess Theresa of Saxony were married. Residents of Munich were invited to the wedding celebration, which took place in the meadows opposite the city gates. Subsequently, in honor of the princess, these meadows became known as Theresienwiese.

The holiday was organized by Ludwig I in subsequent years, gradually developing into the current Beer Festival - Oktoberfest. Now the holiday runs from mid-September to the first Sunday in October. The beer festival in Munich is accompanied by many entertainment events, including a procession of people dressed in national Bavarian costumes.

In 1999, Oktoberfest, which took place from September 18 to October 5, was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest beer festival in the world.

That year it was visited by 7 million people, who consumed 5.8 million liters of beer in 11 huge tents set up over an area the size of fifty football fields.

Shopping

The pedestrian zone of the historical center of Munich is the main destination for all kinds of shopping.

Most of the different classes of stores from boutiques to huge supermarkets are concentrated here. The entire shopping streets Kaufingerstrasse and Neuhauserstrasse stretch from the central railway station (Hauptbahnhof) to Marienplatz and further north to Odeonsplatz.

For even more upscale shopping, head to Maximilianstrasse, where you'll find numerous luxury boutiques and fashion houses that rival those on Fifth Avenue.

For extravagant goods, head to the Schwabing district. The streets Schellingstrasse and Hohenzollernstrasse are home to many quirky shopping galleries and boutiques.

Shops, department stores and supermarkets in the center of Munich are usually open on weekdays from 09.00 to 20.00, on Saturdays from 09.00 to 16.00.

Small shops are open on weekdays from 09.00 - 18.30 with a break for lunch (lunch), on Saturdays from 09.00 - 12.00. Sunday, as a rule, is a day off for all stores.

Cities of Germany

In 1806, Bavaria became a kingdom, and Munich its capital. Under King Maximilian Joseph IV, who supported Napoleon, the territory of Bavaria increased, and the influence of France penetrated into all spheres of life.

King Ludwig I declared that he intended to make the capital of Bavaria such a beautiful city that “no one can say that he knows Germany if he has not seen Munich.” He enriched the city with beautiful buildings in the classical style, the National Opera House and the Prince Charles Palace were built, and the most beautiful museums were founded - the Old and New Pinakothek, Glypotek, and the Museum of Numismatics.

In the revolutionary year of 1848, because of a love affair with the Spanish dancer Lola Montes, Ludwig I was forced to abdicate the throne. His son Maximilian inherited the throne and artistic traditions of his father, decorating Munich with beautiful buildings on Maximilianstrasse, and built the Maximilianeum, where the Bavarian Parliament is now located.

His son Ludwig II did not decorate Munich, but built fairy-tale castles in the Alps - Neuschwanstein, Linderhof and Herenkiemsee.

He spent all his personal funds and used the treasury on the construction of castles. For this he was deprived of power and a few days after the coup, the “fairy-tale king” Ludwig II died under unclear circumstances. Today, the castles of Ludwig II are the main tourist brand of Bavaria.

Munich, Germany | Munich (München)

In 1886, in the war between Prussia and Austria, Ludwig II took the side of Austria, but Prussia won. As a result, reparations worth 50 million marks were imposed on Bavaria. In 1870, Bavaria again fought against France, but on the side of Prussia and was among the winners. King Ludwig II of Bavaria proposed the formation of the German Empire.

But this idea would be brought to life by Bismarck, and the dreamer king preferred “the divine twilight of sublime mountain loneliness” to state affairs.

In 1918, as a result of revolutionary actions, the Wittelsbach dynasty was overthrown. The royal family fled. From April 13 to May 1, the Bavarian Soviet Republic existed.

On November 8-9, 1923, the “Beer Hall Putsch” took place in Munich, led by Hitler and General Ludendorff. The putsch began in the famous Hofbräuhaus beer hall, then spilled out into the streets and was stopped by police at Odeonplatz. Several police officers were killed and a memorial plaque was erected on Odeonplatz in memory of this event. Hitler was sentenced to 5 years in prison, but he only served 9 months.

In Munich in the early 20s, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) appeared and the city became the capital of the “Brown Shirts”.

In 1938, the so-called The Munich Agreement was an agreement on the division of Czechoslovakia, which was signed by the heads of government of England, France, Italy and Germany.

At the end of World War II, Munich was subjected to heavy bombing by Allied aircraft. About 80% of the buildings were destroyed, and outstanding architectural structures were damaged.

After the war, the city, like all of Bavaria, entered the American zone of occupation.

In the post-war years, the city quickly recovered and by 1961 it was restored and cleared of ruins.

All the ruins were taken to the outskirts of the city, where the Olympic Park was later built, and a 52 m high mountain with an observation platform was built from the ruins. The restoration of the city from ruins is rightly called the “German miracle.”

In 1972, the 20th Summer Olympic Games were held in Munich, for the opening of which an indoor Olympic stadium and many other sports facilities were built in the Oberwiesenfeld district. The first metro and high-speed train lines opened.

But these Olympic Games were overshadowed by the murder of Israeli athletes by Arab terrorists.

Munich today is a huge and beautiful metropolis, with parks and ponds, canals, wide avenues, theaters, concerts and exhibitions. This is a city of high technology and mass media, here are the editorial offices of newspapers, magazines, the Bavaria Film studio, and more than 300 book publishing houses.

The city is visited by about 3 million tourists a year, and this does not include Oktoberfest. According to sociological surveys, Munich is recognized as the best city in Germany.

← Munich attractions

What's the best city in Germany? It's not that easy to figure out. Berlin is fun, poor and nostalgic for Sovk. Frankfurt is boring, with few skyscrapers and crowds of plankton in suits. Hamburg is a port city, and many interesting projects are currently underway there. That leaves Munich! It is the most expensive city in Germany and consistently ranks among the cities with the highest standard of living. There are dozens of breweries with centuries-old history in Munich, where the legendary Oktoberfest takes place. Munich is the research center of Germany; it is home to one of Europe's largest libraries, major universities and a nuclear research reactor. The company's headquarters, museum and BMW function center are located in Munich. The museum displays cars, motorcycles, engines and everything else the company produced from the 1910s to the present day. And Munich also has a huge number of architectural monuments and museums, and the city also has one of the largest city parks in the world.

So, meet Munich, the best city in Germany!

01. Central square and entrance to the metro

02. In general, I don’t really like tourist places. So I spent the whole day wandering around the new residential areas of Munich, about which there are several posts.

03.

04. Munich, like a good city, has a cool tram!

05. The tram is one of the main ways to get around Munich. He began working here on October 21, 1876. At first, trams were horse-drawn, but in 1883 horses began to be replaced by carriages powered by steam engines. And in 1886, electric trams appeared on the streets of Munich.

06. In 1972, the Olympic Games were held in Munich, and by this date the city's public transport network had significantly expanded. From now on, city residents rode the metro and city trains, and their development had a bad impact on tram traffic.

07. The tram routes were closed until the 1990s, and in 1991 the city council adopted a plan to modernize the tram network. They laid new lines where they were really needed, launched low-floor trams and created night routes. Then trams began to gain popularity again.

08. Tram lines are still being built and extended. With the help of trams, authorities reduce the noise generated by buses and reduce traffic jams. In addition, wireless trams powered by lithium-ion batteries are running as an experiment in Munich.

09. Stop

10. Some scoundrel abandoned Tesla on the sidewalk!

11. Convenient for parking in the center

12. Or Smart.

13. A new bike rental has appeared in Munich!

14. The MVG Rad system was launched in October last year and is operated by the Munich transport company. In order to use bicycles, you need to download a mobile application. After registration, you select the desired bike on the map, and then you will receive a PIN code that will unlock it.

15. By the end of 2016, the city plans to install 125 bicycle stations.

16. A minute of using a bicycle costs 8 cents. You can buy an annual subscription, it costs 48 euros and gives you the right to travel 30 minutes for free every day. Unused free minutes can be carried over to other days, and if you roll them back, the subsequent time will be valued at 5 cents per minute.

17. Parking in the center.

18. Bicycle paths are separated by trees.

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20. Please note that bicycles are not chained. They don't steal here. And this despite the fact that, according to Channel One, migrants rob and rape Germans 24 hours a day.

21. Personal electric transport is developing rapidly.

22. Steep step on the motorcycle. I need to put one of these on my bike. Don't know where they sell it?

23. Beach

24. Cherries cost approximately 700 rubles per kilogram. Currants - about 500 rubles. Strawberries - more than 200 rubles. Raspberries - approximately 360 rubles. And blackberries - about 300 rubles.

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30. Improvement

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Munich is a German city with a long history. It is an open-air museum, the art center of Europe, the beer capital of Germany, and a center of science. The modern motto “Munich loves you” reflects its essence, attitude towards guests and local residents.

History of Munich

The date of birth is considered to be 1158. The monastery, located on the banks of the deep Isar River, became its foundation. Actually, “among the monks” is how the name Munich is translated. Duke Henry the Lion was looking for a place where he could establish the capital of his lands. The choice fell on the settlement due to its favorable location. The ruler built a new bridge, redirecting the salt route through Munich.

The city began its rapid development, because salt was so valuable that it was recognized as the equivalent of money. This doomed the future capital of Bavaria to wealth and luxury. The greatest contribution to the development of Munich was made by the Wittelsbach dynasty, which ruled from 1180 to 1918. Its representatives were distinguished by their passion for art, which led to the appearance not only of a large number of magnificent buildings, but also to the emergence of entire streets decorated in one or another architectural style.

During his reign from 1358, Emperor Ludwig IV built administrative buildings at his residence and erected powerful fortress walls. At the end of the 15th century, when Albrecht IV the Wise took over the reins of power, the city acquired Gothic buildings, in particular churches and cathedrals. Representatives of the clergy began to flock here. And by the beginning of the 16th century, Munich witnessed the birth of the German Church Reformation and violent religious clashes.

The city was decorated with Jesuit buildings. In 1506 it becomes the capital of the united Bavaria. Since the 17th century it has experienced both ups and downs. Munich experienced hardships, plague, occupation by Austrian troops, and peasant uprisings. In 1810, in honor of the wedding of the Crown Prince, the tradition of the Oktoberfest beer festival was born. Since 1826, the capital of Bavaria has become a center of science and education, universities were opened everywhere.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the city was passed from hand to hand to governments of various formations, the Wittelsbach dynasty was expelled. Hunger and desolation became the companions of Munich. He was distinguished by the creation of National Socialism on his territory and, subsequently, by a large number of anti-war demonstrations. During this time it was seriously damaged.

Sights of Munich

Thanks to the thrift of the city residents and pride in their cultural heritage, many buildings have survived to this day. What was destroyed during the wars of the last century has been restored or continues to be reconstructed. There are so many attractions that a simple listing would take up a large book. But there are the main ones that any guest of the city must see in order to feel the spirit of ancient and modern Munich.

Marienplatz is the central square, traditionally the first place to get acquainted with the city, one of its oldest attractions. The Old Town Hall was built in the 14th century. Most of the building is a museum, since city council meetings no longer take place there. The New Town Hall looks even older than the Old Town Hall; it was founded in the 19th century. It is larger and decorated with statues and figures.

Ludwigstrasse Avenue was created thanks to Ludwig I in 1825. All the houses here are monumental, built according to classical architectural canons.

Museums and galleries in Munich

The Alte Pinakothek is the largest art gallery in Europe, where original paintings from the Middle Ages to the 18th century are collected. Most of the impressive collection, numbering over 700 paintings, belonged to the ruling dynasty. The Glyptotek presents reliefs and sculptures of Ancient Greece and Rome. Built in 1830 to please the avid collector the Crown Prince. After the war, the building was destroyed and the exhibits were partially lost.

Since 1972, the glypotek has been reopened. The German Museum collects exhibitions about all scientific and craft achievements. Takes up an entire island. Every hour there are visual demonstrations in which visitors can take part. In addition to buildings that were originally museums, many buildings, such as the Old Town Hall or the Palace of the Nymphs, also host exhibitions.

Cathedrals and palace complexes of Munich

The Church of St. Peter is the same ancient monastery around which the city was born. It was rebuilt countless times, including after total destruction. The Frauenkirche Cathedral is the largest religious building in the Gothic style. The Palace of the Nymphs was founded in 1664 as a gift for the birth of a child. It was completed over five generations, and grew into one of the largest palace complexes in Europe, the summer residence of rulers. Surrounded by picturesque nature. Combines different architectural styles. It is partially open to visitors, because the reconstruction of the complex after the war is still underway.

The Munich residence is the home of the ruling dynasty, which has been constantly improved and decorated since its construction in the 14th century. After the war it was restored from scratch.

Holiday destinations in Munich

Hofbräuhaus and Löwenbräukeller are two beer gardens that are beloved by both locals and city guests. Every year they supply their foam product for Oktoberfest. Nature lovers appreciate the luxury of parks such as the royal Hofgarten garden, decorated with pavilions and statues.

The Müller Baths are hidden behind the walls of a relatively young building from the early 20th century. They provide a huge variety of water treatments, from swimming pools to various types of saunas and massage services. Munich is a diverse city that will please the most capricious and demanding guest. It is noisy in its squares and quiet in its parks, ancient in its palaces and churches and modern in its stadiums and BMW showrooms. He loves everyone.

"Munich loves you!" - this is the official motto of Munich, the capital of Bavaria. The Germans sometimes secretly call Munich “German Rome”, there are so many architectural, historical and cultural monuments here.

For many, Munich is known for its brewing traditions. The city is home to six large breweries that supply beer for the world-famous festival of beer, pretzels, fried chicken and carousels, held annually in late September - early October on Terezin Meadow.

But Munich also has a very rich history. The history of the city begins in the 8th century, when monks from the nearby monastery of Sheftlarn (German: Kloster Schäftlarn) settled on Peter's Hill (German: Petersbergl). Even the name of the city itself comes from the Old High German Munichen - “among the monks.” Today, on the site of the settlement there is the Church of St. Peter (Sankt-Peter-Kirche). The city was first mentioned in documents in 1158 under the name Villa Munichen; however, already in 1175 Munich was given city status and city walls were erected.

The historic city center (Altstadt-Lehel), or simply Altstadt (Munich-Altstadt), is everything that is within the Altstadtring “road loop”. It is here that the lion's share of tourist attractions is located: both Town Halls, the former residence of the Bavarian kings, the National Theater, the legendary Hofbrauhaus and the Frauenkirche church. And here there are boutiques of famous brands, shopping centers, a lot of restaurants and hotels. All this splendor is crowned by the ancient gates leading to Altstadt: these are Karlstor, Isartor and Sendlinger Tor.

Maxvorstadt is both a bohemian and scientific district north of the Historic Center. Home to high-quality art museums, the famous Pinakothek, Lenbach House, Glyptothek and the State Antique Collection. It is not surprising that many call this area the “brains of Munich”. As a bonus there are a lot of small designer shops, bars and restaurants.

Don’t go anywhere, I tell you, unless it’s about Munich. Everything else in Germany is a waste of time.
Ernest Hemingway.

Schwabing and the English Garden is a very fashionable and at the same time charming quarter, located just outside the territory of the Ludwig Maximilian University. There are small cafes, expensive shoe and clothing boutiques, a lot of specialized bookstores, galleries and restaurants here. Schwabing has always been popular with artistic personalities - Thomas and Heinrich Mann, Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee, Vladimir Lenin (yes, the same one as Ilyich) and physicist Werner Heisenberg lived here. The main points of attraction are Leopoldstrasse (plenty of cafes and bars), Hohenzollernstrasse (Hohenzollernstrasse and Kurfürstenplatz, shopping), as well as the English Garden - a huge green space in the heart of the city with streams, lakes and “beer gardens” in the east of Schwabing.

Olympic Quarter (Olympiagelände). In addition to the sports area itself, a huge stadium where the largest concerts in the country still take place, this area attracts attention with an incredible view of the Bavarian Alps. One climb to the top of the Olympic “hill”, built from the rubble of World War II, provides stunning panoramas. Add to this the BMW Museum and Exhibition Center located a short walk from the park.

Neuhausen-Nymphenburg is perhaps one of the quietest areas of Munich. Take trams No. 12, 16 or 17 in the center of a multimillion-dollar city to the stop Romanplatz or Rotkreuzplatz, and before you know it, you will find yourself in the idyllic provincial outskirts of Bavaria. Tourists rarely come here, and in vain. Neuhausen is home to the world's largest beer garden. Well, Nymphenburg is the famous palace gardens and the elegant residence of Henrietta Adelaide of Savoy.

The Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt district is home to the most exciting gambling halls, the funniest strip clubs and the most delicious authentic restaurants of Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. In the southwest of Ludwigsvorstadt there is the same Terezin meadow where the revelry Oktoberfest takes place every September-October. The center of Isarvorstadt is the Gärtnerplatz square, full of cafes and bars. The Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz theater, one of the best in the city, is also located here. From the southwest, the square is adjacent to dissolute quarters with the hottest places in Munich, where, among other things, the Bavarian gay community “registered” (mostly in establishments along Müllerstrasse).

Finally, the last two areas. This is Haidhausen (Au-Haidhausen) with its Kultfabrik club area and the beautiful French quarter around Orleansplatz, the appearance of which has not changed, it seems, for a couple of hundred years. And the East of Munich, which unites Bogenhausen, Berg am Laim, Trudering-Riem and Ramersdorf-Perlach - mostly residential areas in the east of the Isar River, where the famous Hellabrunn Zoo is located, a good beach and, a little further, in the outskirts of Grunwald, a Bavarian film studio (actually , studio and theme park).

To move around the city, it is convenient to use the MVV Companion application, which will show all the information on movement, where to go at what time, what path to take, how much it will cost, etc.

Attractions.

Cathedral of the Holy Virgin or Frauenkirche (Frauenkirche, map. Full names German: Dom zu Unserer Lieben Frau, English: Cathedral of Our Dear Lady) is the tallest cathedral in Munich (99 meters), which has become a symbol of the city. The church was built in the 15th century in the Gothic style. Its two towers became the symbol of Munich. Here is the black marble sarcophagus of Emperor Ludwig IV of Bavaria. There is a legend that the footprint at the entrance to the temple was left by the devil.

Vladimir Dergachev, photos by Anton and Vladimir Dergachev

The Bavarian State Chancellery is located on the eastern side of the Hofgarten park opposite the Munich Royal Residence.In the center of the park is the pavilion “Temple of Diana” (1615).

“The population of Germany is divided into two parts -
those who live in Munich and those who dream of living in it"
Bavarian joke

Federal state "Free State of Bavaria"- is the largest in area in Germany and one of the most highly developed regions of Europe. This is a country within a country with its own traditions, but no one accuses the Bavarians of separatism. The population of Bavaria is 12.5 million people. The capital Munich (1.5 million people, 2015), located on the Isar River in the foothills of the Alps, is the third largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. According to locals, everything here is “the best” in Germany, starting with the football team. We can name three main brands of the Bavarian capital - BMW, Beer and Opera (Wagner). The greatest German composer of the nineteenth century, Richard Wagner, enjoyed the special favor of the Bavarian king Ludwig II.

In international rankings, Munich has repeatedly been included in the top ten cities with the highest quality of life in the world and at the same time is considered one of the most expensive cities in Germany. The city was nicknamed “Toytown” for its high standard of living and safety. German residents call the city "Millionendorf" ("village with a million people").

Munich is a major cultural, industrial and research center in Germany and Europe. Here are the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts, the Philharmonic, the Higher School of Music, the Technical University of Munich, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Ukrainian Free University, the Max Planck and Heinz Mayer-Leibniz Research Institutes, a nuclear research reactor and many more other institutions.
One of the largest in Europe, the Bavarian State Library has 6 million volumes. Here the future leader of the world proletariat studied political works Vladimir Ulyanov-Lenin, and then the future leader of the Third Reich, an unrecognized Austrian artist, began his political career Adolf Gitler .

Bavaria is a rich federal state, and Munich is one of the most promising European cities for investment, especially in real estate and tourism. In terms of the level of development of the banking system, the Bavarian capital ranks second in Germany after Frankfurt am Main. Thousands of new companies are registered in the city every year.
A powerful industrial infrastructure has been created in Munich; the headquarters of such giants as BMW, Microsoft and Siemens are located here. Medicine, the aviation industry, and environmental protection technologies are developing rapidly. Bavaria is home to one of Europe's largest Silicon Valleys (technopolises), and Munich is considered the high-tech capital of Germany.

The world's first driver's license and car license plates were issued in Munich. The concern "Bavarian Motor Works" (BMW) is represented in Munich by the headquarters of "Bavarian Motors". Next to the skyscraper, reminiscent of the outlines of motor cylinders, a giant advertising and entertainment complex “BMW World” was built.
Munich is famous for its brewing traditions. The world famous Oktoberfest beer festival is held annually.

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History of Munich dates back to the 8th century, when monks settled on a local hill. This is where the name comes from the Old High German Munichen (“with the monks”). Today on this site is the Church of St. Peter. The city was first mentioned in documents in 1158, when the Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, Henry, nicknamed the Lion, showed enterprise. He burned the only bridge over the Isar River near Freising to deprive the local bishop of income from the salt trade from Salzburg and built a new bridge near the village of Munichen. And white gold began to work for the future of the Bavarian capital.

In 1240, Munich came into the possession of the German feudal family of the Wittelsbachs and was their residence until 1918, and since 1806 - the capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria. After the First World War and the flight of the king, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed in Munich on April 13, 1919, which was defeated on May 3, 1919 by troops of a local revanchist organization.

The Nazi Party was created in the Hofbräuhaus beer hall on February 24, 1920, and in 1923 the Beer Hall Putsch took place in another Bürgerbräukeller beer hall. But then the Weimar Republic survived, Adolf Hitler was sentenced to 5 years (released after 9 months), and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) was temporarily banned in Germany.

In 1933, after the Reichstag elections, the Nazis came to power and in 1934, Hitler dealt with his political opponents during Operation Night of the Long Knives. Since 1935, Munich began to be officially called the “capital of the Nazi movement,” where, in addition to Hitler, Heydrich and Himmler began their political careers. The Nazis did not forget about the opponents of the regime, for whom the first concentration camp in Dachau was created near the city.

In 1938, an international agreement was signed in the capital of Bavaria between Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France. As a result of the so-called “Munich Agreement”, part of the territory of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) passed to Germany, and Hitler gained de facto control over the rest of Czechoslovakia.
During World War II, as a result of numerous bombings by British and American aircraft, many local residents and refugees were killed, and the historical center of Munich was almost completely destroyed. Of the 815 thousand inhabitants, 480 thousand remained in the city, and of the 10 thousand Jews, only 746 people remained.

After the occupation by American troops, in the post-war years Munich was completely restored, and in 1957 its population already exceeded 1 million inhabitants. The city continued to play a significant role in the German economy, politics and culture, earning the nickname Heimliche Hauptstadt ("secret capital") of Germany. Since 1962, the International Conference on Political and Security Issues has been held in Munich every February.

One of the railway directorates of the Deutsche Bundesbahn is located in Munich.

Munich's main station, after Hamburg's main station, is the second largest in Germany in terms of passenger traffic, serving 350 thousand passengers per day.

The new international airport, named after the German politician Franz Josef Strauss, was opened in 1992 and is the second largest in the number of passengers served in Germany (38 million passengers per year), the leader in domestic air traffic (9 million passengers) and the base for the German national company Lufthansa. Munich is connected by autobahns to cities in Germany, Austria, Italy and Switzerland.

Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups, and the 1975, 1983 and 1993 Ice Hockey Championships. During the 1972 Summer Olympics, a terrorist attack was carried out against Israeli athletes.

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Located in the center of Munich Bavarian State Chancellery- the highest state body, the seat of the prime minister and government of Bavaria. This is where the office is located

Bavarian Minister of State for Federal and European Affairs. Construction of the government building was completed in 1993.

In the past, this site housed one of the largest Bavarian War Museums in Europe, founded in 1879 by King Ludwig II. IN In 1905, a monumental palace in the classicist style was erected for him. During the Third Reich, the residence of the Reichskommissar (governor) of Bavaria was located here. During the Second World War, the building was damaged by bombing. The collection of the Bavarian War Museum has been located in Ingolstadt since 1969.

In 1982, a decision was made to demolish the historical palace, but city citizens came out in favor of preserving the architectural monument. As a result, we came to a compromise. The central part of the building with the dome was preserved, and modern extensions made of glass and metal appeared on the sides.

Equestrian statue of the Duke of Bavaria, Otto von Wittelsbach the Red (1117 - 1183), who became the first Duke of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which ruled Bavaria until 1918. The monument is erected in front of the main entrance to the historical building of the Bavarian State Chancellery, erected in 1905.

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Munich's air gate is Franz Josef Strauss International Airport

Many books have been published about Munich, including guidebooks. My library contains an issue of the magazine “Around the World” (March 2009) with a detailed article about the Bavarian capital: Anastasia Butsko “Munich: between monarchy and anarchy.”

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