Write briefly about the mountains around the world. Conversation about mountains in the senior group. When did the mountains appear?

At the beginning of the riddle, children look at the globe and find mountains. They are shown and named. The teacher reads A.S. Pushkin's poem "The Caucasus". The children tell how the poet saw the mountains. Then the teacher invites the children to visit an exhibition of photographs depicting mountains. Children look at photographs that show waterfalls, mountain lakes, and forests. The teacher invites the children to assemble a puzzle picture “Mountains”. Then the children listen to the music of Edvard Grieg “In the Cave of the Mountain King” and talk about their impressions and fantasies. The teacher shows the children a letter sent by the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. Children find the package and guess the contents of the package using a riddle. The parcel contained different stones. The teacher invites the children to become research geologists. Each child takes one stone, sits at the table and examines the stone. The research results are recorded in a table. Then, based on their research, several children talk about their stone. Dynamic pause - active game - "Wind, rain, stone and mountain." To the music, the Mistress of the Copper Mountain comes to the children and brings as a gift various gems, which the children use in productive activities. Children decorate vases they made in advance with stones.

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LMDOU No. 6 “SOLNYSHKO”

LESSON SUMMARY ON ECOLOGY

IN THE PREPARATORY GROUP

ON THE TOPIC OF:

“WHAT DID THE MOUNTAINS SAY ABOUT?”

COMPLETED BY THE TEACHER:

SHTATNOVA E.V.

2010

TARGET:

1. Continue introducing children to inanimate nature, give basic information about mountains: what mountains are like, who lives in the mountains, what grows, what mountains are made of;

2. Continue to introduce children to the properties of stones (strong, hard, smooth, etc.);

3. Develop cognitive interest, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, and draw simple conclusions;

4. Learn to work with a table and record the results of the examination;

5. Improve the ability to write a short story about stones using a table;

6. Clarify children’s knowledge about the use of stones (construction of buildings, bridges, roads);

6. Show children products made from precious stones;

7. Develop fine motor skills of the hands;

8. Cultivate aesthetic feelings: teach to see the beauty of the mountains and teach to admire it;

9. Repeat the rules of behavior in nature.

VOCABULARY WORK:

1. Introduce children to a new word - geologist;

2. Activate children's vocabulary using words: rough, low, flat, steep, snowy.

MATERIAL FOR THE CLASS:

1. Globe;

2. “Box of sensations”;

3. Vessels with water;

4. Stones for each child;

5. Napkins;

6. Illustrations depicting mountains;

7. Cut-out picture of a mountain;

8. Plasticine vases;

9. Casket with items made of precious stones;

10. Letter in an envelope from the Mistress of the Copper Mountain;

11. Riddles about stones and the globe;

12. Tables for studying stones;

13. Musical recording: Edvard Grieg “In the Cave of the Mountain King”;

14. Box with stones for crafts;

15. Hero – “Mistress of the Copper Mountain.”

PRELIMINARY WORK:

Examination of stones in class and in free time;

Collecting a collection of stones;

Creation of an exhibition of stone crafts;

Reading Bazhov’s tales “The Mistress of the Copper Mountain”;

Excursion to the library;

Conversations on the topics: “What types of stones are there?”, “What are mountains?”, “How do people use stones”;

Watching a film based on P. Bazhov’s fairy tale “The Stone Flower”;

Playing games: “Remember the fairy tale”, “What disappeared?”, “Find your stone”;

Listening to Grieg's music "Procession of the Dwarves", "In the Cave of the Mountain King".

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS.

The teacher and the children enter the hall.

The teacher asks a riddle:

Stands on one leg

Twists, turns his head,

Shows us countries

Mountains, rivers, oceans.

What is this? (Globe).

Educator:

Right. Let's come and look at the globe. Why is the globe painted in different colors? (Brown are mountains, blue are seas, rivers, green are forests, fields, yellow are deserts).

That's right, well done. Who will show us the mountains on the globe? (The child shows mountains on the globe).

Tell me, can mountains tell us something about themselves? (Children's answers).

Today we will find out what the mountains can tell us. And poets and writers, photographers and composers will help us with this. Which one of you can name the mountains? (Ural, Caucasus).

Educator:

Well done, and there are also the Himalayas, Altai, and Alps. Guys, mountains have always attracted people. Poets composed poems, artists painted pictures, composers wrote music, writers composed fairy tales. Listen to A.S. Pushkin’s poem called “Caucasus”:

...Here the clouds humbly walk beneath me;

Waterfalls rush through them;

Beneath them the cliffs are naked masses;

Below there is skinny moss, dry bushes...

Educator:

Guys, how does the poet describe the mountains? What did he see? (He sees clouds, waterfalls, cliffs, dry bushes and moss).

Educator:

Yes, guys, this is how A.S. Pushkin saw the mountains and told us about them.

Now let's go to our photo exhibition.

Looking at photographs. The teacher comments on the examination.

What a beauty. Look what mountains there are? (Big and small, with snowy peaks, with waterfalls, covered with forests, spewing fire and stones).

Educator:

Did you like the photos? (Yes).

Guys, can you name the animals that live in the mountains? (Rams, goats, eagle, hawk).

Well done, what grows in the mountains? (Moss, shrubs, trees).

And in the mountains there are clean lakes and rivers. Guys, I have a puzzle picture. Let's put it together and see what we can come up with. Now everyone will take a fragment of the picture and try to put it together.

Children put together a picture puzzle.

Educator:

What did we get? (Mountains and lake).

Educator:

But composers saw and depicted mountains in their own way. Sit down on the carpet. Now you will hear music written by composer Edvard Grieg. It's called "In the Cave of the Mountain King." Close your eyes and think about what you can imagine while listening to this music.

After listening, the children stand up and share their thoughts.

Educator:

Well done, that's what dreamers you are. And I have one surprise for you.

The teacher shows the letter to the children and says:

You know, I was given a letter today, but how can I find out who it is addressed to?

Children:

You need to look at the address written on the envelope.

Educator:

Right. Who knows the address of our kindergarten?

(Children's answers).

The teacher reads aloud the address on the envelope:

City Losino-Petrovsky, Stroiteley Street, building 7, preparatory school group No. 5. Exactly, the letter was written for us.

The teacher opens the letter and reads it aloud:

- “Hello, dear children. I know you love to explore, so I'm sending you a package. It is square, burgundy, with a lock, and tied with a ribbon. I know that the package was delivered to you, you need to find it. Mistress of Copper Mountain". And who is the Mistress of the Copper Mountain? (She lives in the mountain, guards the mountains and takes care of them. She is from a fairy tale).

Educator:

Yes, guys. The Mistress of the Copper Mountain gave us a task. Well, we need to look for the package.

The children find the package and give it to the teacher.

Children:

And here's another note.

Educator:

Yes, guys. There's another note here.

- “You can open the package if you guess the riddle:

It burns with fire in my mother’s earrings.

It lies useless in the dust on the road.

It changes shape, it changes color,

And in construction it is good for a thousand years.

Heavy, big - can’t be lifted by one,

Or it can be light - lie in the palm of your hand.

Who, children, guessed my riddle?

Who recognized this object by signs?”

Children:

This is a stone, different stones.

Educator:

Let's check if you guessed the riddle correctly.

The teacher opens the box:

Look, there are stones here. This means we guessed the riddle correctly. Thanks to the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. This is a gift. Guys, do you know where there are a lot of stones? (In the mountains).

Educator:
- Of course, most of the stones are in the mountains. After all, mountains are made of stones.

Educator:

Guys, who looks for stones and examines them? (Geologists).

That's right, now we will turn into geologists for a few minutes and examine the stones. Take each one a pebble and sit down at the tables. You have a table on your table in which we will record the results of the study of stones.

The stones are being examined and the results are being recorded in a table.

Educator:

Well done, are you done? Who wants to talk about their stone?

Story by 2-3 children.

CONCLUSION:

What conclusion can we draw? What have we learned about stones? (There are big and small, smooth and rough, light and heavy, different colors, but they are all stones).

Educator:

Guys, do you know that scientists can learn a lot about mountains from stones: what mountains are made of, when the volcano will erupt, when the mountains were formed and what destroys them. Do you know what destroys mountains? (Rain, wind).

And you and I know the game “Wind, Rain, Stones and Mountain”. Let's play. Be careful.

Attention game “Wind, rain, stone and mountain.”

Educator:

You were all very attentive. And your mountain turned out to be high and steep. Let's take our seats.

The children sit at the tables.

Educator:

Guys, we looked at the photos and listened to the music. Who can tell me which writer wrote fairy tales about mountains? (Bazhov)
- That's right, Pavel Bazhov. He wrote stories. What are tales? (Fairy tale and truth).

That’s right, a skaz is both a fairy tale and a true story. What mountains did Bazhov write about? (About the Ural),

Right. Let's remember which tales of Bazhov you know? (Stone Flower, Malachite Box, Silver Hoof, Mistress of the Copper Mountain).

Music sounds and the Mistress of the Copper Mountain enters. She holds a malachite box in her hands.

Hello guys. You recognized me? (Yes, Mistress of the Copper Mountain).

That's right, well done. I heard what you were saying about my treasures, and I could not sit in the stone mountain. Have you guessed my riddle? (Yes, these are stones).

Mistress of Copper Mountain:

Well done. Do you know where stones are used? (For building roads and houses, for making jewelry).

Right. I brought you my gems, look how beautiful they are. People learned to process stones and began to make jewelry from them.

The guest shows the children jewelry made from stones.

Mistress of Copper Mountain:

I have a lot of different stones in my mountains. And I brought you beautiful stones that you can use to decorate some crafts. Here they are.

The guest shows the children colorful pebbles.

Educator:

Thank you, but we just need stones to decorate the vase that the children made yesterday.

The hostess of the Copper Mountain gives the teacher a tray on which there are rosettes with stones. The teacher places sockets on the children's tables.

Educator:

Guys, let's decorate our vases with these stones.

The children get to work.

The guest watches the children's work.

Educator:

Guys, we're finishing up.

The guest examines all the vases and praises the children:

How beautiful it turned out, well done. You made me happy. I would like to thank you for your knowledge and handicraft. I have another gift for you, magical edible stones. Here he is. I will give them to Elena Viktorovna, and she will treat you to them in the group.

The guest hands the teacher a vase with candy stones.

It's time for me to go. Goodbye, see you again.

Says goodbye and leaves.

Educator:

Guys, did you like our trip to the mountains? (Yes).

What did the mountains tell us? (Mountains are different: high and low, steep and flat, with snowy peaks and green forests, different animals and birds live in the mountains; there are rivers and lakes in the mountains; there is very clean air and clean water in the mountains).

Guys, today we talked a lot about mountains. Do you know that the mountains do not forgive a person’s carelessness and carelessness. Can you tell me how to behave in the mountains? (Do not make noise, otherwise there may be a collapse and be covered with stones; look carefully to see if there is a cliff and whether it is possible to walk along the path; if a fire is lit, it must be extinguished; do not litter).

Well done. Today you learned a lot of new things and remembered what you knew. This knowledge will be useful to you at school.

The children leave the hall.


Mountain system in the Urals, located between the East European and West Siberian plains. The Ural Mountains are located on the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan and are a unique geographical feature that divides the Eurasian continent into two parts.

In ancient sources, the Ural Mountains were called Riphean or Hyperborean. Russian pioneers called them “Stone”. The toponym “Ural” was most likely taken from the Bashkir language and means “stone belt”.

Length more than 2000 km, width from 40 to 150 km.
Altitude: 1,895 m.
Area: 781,100 km2

The formation of the Ural mountain system began about 350 million years ago and ended about 200 million years ago.

The mountains originate from the shores of the Arctic Ocean and end in the sultry deserts of Kazakhstan.

Minerals of the Ural Mountains
In the depths of the Urals are hidden countless riches known to the whole world.

This includes the famous malachite, and semi-precious stones, colorfully described by Bazhov in his fairy tales, asbestos, platinum, gold and other minerals. Of the 55 types of important minerals that were developed in the USSR, 48 are represented in the Urals.



Nature of the Ural Mountains
This region is famous for its incredible natural beauty. People come here to look at the amazing mountains, plunge into the clear waters of numerous lakes, go down into caves or raft down the stormy rivers of the Ural Mountains.

The beauty of these mountains is best seen in natural parks and reserves.



Once in the Sverdlovsk region, you definitely need to visit Oleniye Ruchyi. Tourists come here to see the drawings of ancient people painted on the surface of the rock. In the Kapova Cave, scientists discovered rock paintings that are more than 14 thousand years old. In total, about 200 works by ancient artists were found in its vastness. In addition, you can visit numerous halls, grottoes and galleries, located on three levels, and admire the underground lakes.
Fauna of the Ural Mountains
The taiga forests of the Ural Mountains are also home to the traditional Russian wolf, bear and elk. Roe deer are found in mixed forests. On the plains adjacent to the mountain ranges, the brown hare and fox feel at ease. We did not make a reservation: they live precisely on flat terrain, and for them the forest is just a shelter. And, of course, the tree crowns are well inhabited by many species of birds.

Many poems and songs are dedicated to mountains. They attract not only writers, but also artists and filmmakers - no one is alien to romance. Here are some interesting facts about the mountains.

The peak of the highest mountain on Earth, Everest, is located at an altitude of 8848 meters above sea level. The first climbers reached this peak at half past twelve in the morning on May 29, 1953. They were Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, his Sherpa guide. Tenzing later stated that it was Edmund Hillary who was the first to reach the top of the mountain.

In the Khabarovsk Territory there is the Konder mountain range, unique in that it has the shape of an almost perfect ring. Interestingly, this is not the crater of an extinct volcano, but the result of a magmatic intrusion. In this process, igneous rock emerges from the deep layers of the earth.


The highest point in Africa is Mount Kilimanjaro. Its height is 5895 meters above sea level.


When talking about interesting facts about mountains, we should mention the Austrian Lake Grüner, surrounded by mountains. In winter, the depth of the lake does not exceed two meters. There is a nice park around the lake. In spring, sometimes the snow in the mountains begins to melt, feeding the lake with new water. By May, the depth of the lake increases to 12 meters and water covers benches, paths and even tree crowns. Thanks to the crystal clear water, the lake with its flooded park turns into a popular diving spot.


Angel Falls (meaning "angel"), falling from the top of Mount Auyantepui, is considered the highest in the world. The mountain that gives it its origin is translated from the local Indian dialect as “the devil’s mountain.”


The well-known heads of American presidents carved from stone were the result of the work of sculptors in the period 1925-1941. The original monument to Washington, Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt was designed by sculptor Gotsum Borglum. After his death, his son continued the work, but soon the project was completely stopped due to a stop in funding. The Presidential Monument was declared complete, despite the original intention of depicting the nation's leaders from the waist up.


The Austrian part of the Alps occupies 62% of the total land area of ​​this European country.


Mount Ararat, considered the symbol of Armenia and depicted on the coat of arms of this country, is not located in Armenia. Part of the territory of Armenia with the mountain in 1921 went to Turkey.


The first scientific measurement of the height of Mount Everest was carried out in 1856. The result was exactly 29 thousand feet (equivalent to 8,839 meters). Considering that round numbers are rarely found in nature, and wanting to avoid accusations that the measurements taken were approximate, scientists declared 29,002 feet as the height of the mountain.


There are many mysteries associated with mountains. The height of Mount Kailash is 6666 meters. The distance from this mountain to the English monument Stonehenge is 6666 km. People living near Kailash age much faster (12 hours is equal to two weeks). Evidence of this is the growth of nails and hair. The mountain has two huge ridge-cracks, the shadows of which, especially in the evening, form an image of a huge swastika.


In some areas of Indonesia, China and the Philippines, burials in the form of coffins nailed to rocks are found. One of the Chinese national minorities, the Bo people, considers mountains the most suitable place for burials. This is explained by their beliefs that mountains represent a ladder leading from the earthly to the heavenly world.


The entrance to the Lemaire Channel in Antarctica is marked by a rock with two peaks, officially designated on maps as Una's Tits, translated as “Una's breasts.” The peaks received their name in honor of an employee of one of the British Antarctic expeditions. This native of the Falkland Islands bore name Una.


Interesting video. Noah's Ark found on Mount Ararat:

Happy are the people who have had the opportunity to see mountains in their lives. Nature created mountains - huge objects protruding to the surface. But mountains are not always visible to our eyes. Mountain ranges also stretch along the bottom of the oceans. Some peaks of mountain ranges protrude from the water, forming islands. Others, terrestrial, have huge ice caps on themselves and never take them off.

Mountains have always surprised people with their majesty, inaccessibility, and some special beauty. What could be better than the mountains? Only mountains. Mountains form where the earth is unquiet, as scientists say, in tectonically active areas. There are lonely mountains, there are mountain groups, mountain belts.

The best architect in the world is nature itself. She is the one who works to create beauty, including mountain beauty. Nature acts not only as an architect, builder, sculptor, but also as a decorator and illuminator. The light effects observed in the mountains leave no one indifferent. Due to the different geological composition, mountain peaks change their color under the rays of the rising and setting sun.

Where is the sun hiding? Maybe in the mountains? Maybe it is these giants that reliably guard the sun when it is resting?

The oldest mountains on earth are several hundred million years old. Once upon a time they were subjected to severe destruction, serious passions ran high. But centuries passed, internal movements in them stopped long ago. Examples of old mountains are the mountains of the Urals. They consist of short, elongated ridges, massifs and ridges. It seems that the Ural mountains were created by a sorcerer from an old fairy tale. Or rather, the sorceress is the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. In any case, she most likely also had a hand in creating the amazing mountains of the Urals.

Young mountains, as a rule, are no older than 50 million years. Young mountains are growing and maturing. This is accompanied by earthquakes and volcanic activity. The Alps, Himalayas, Caucasus Mountains are young, they still have to grow up.

The most attractive thing about the mountain is the peak. This is exactly what climbers strive for. Standing at the top, you feel absolutely happy. The whole world is at your feet, and you yourself are much closer to the sun and stars. What are the peaks of the mountains? Peak-shaped, rounded, arched, plateau-shaped.

“The mountain peaks sleep in the darkness of the night...”

Writers, poets, and artists spared no effort in describing the beauty of the mountains. The mountains gave them strength, inspiration, beauty. It is impossible to remain indifferent near the mountains. Mountains awaken the soul and make you think about the universe.

Everything connected with mountains has beautiful names - mountain ridge, mountain range, mountain pass. The mountains themselves are beautiful. Solid rocky walls, solemn towers, hanging cornices, mountain ranges carved with cracks - this variety of configurations pleases the eye.

Surely everyone knows what grief we are talking about. Of course, about Elbrus. But did you know that just one and a half kilometers from the top there is a hotel where you can stay? And TravelAsk knows and will tell you about it. And about much more.

5 kilometers and 600 meters above ground level

Elbrus is the highest peak in Russia. And since the border between Europe and Asia is not particularly clear, it is often called the highest mountain in Europe.

The peak is located in the Caucasus on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. This is a classic stratovolcano: it has a conical shape, which it acquired as a result of multiple eruptions.

Elbrus has two peaks, and both are high: 5642 and 5621, respectively. The distance between these two peaks is approximately 3 kilometers.

The mountain was first measured in 1813 by the Russian academician Vikenty Karlovich Vishnevsky.

Why Elbrus

Elbrus had about ten names. So the indigenous inhabitants of this territory admired the enormous size of the mountain. In the Karachay-Balkar language, Elbrus is called “Mingi-tau”, which means “resembling a thousand mountains” or “mountain of thousands”. Another name sounds a little different: “Minge-tau”, which means “mountain saddled”. The Turks called the mountain “Jinpadishah”, which means “lord of spirits”, the Abkhazians called it “Orfi-tub” (“mountain of the blessed”), and the Georgians called it “Yal-buz” (“snow mane”).


There are also several versions about the origin of the modern name: perhaps it came from the Iranian “aytibares”, which means “high mountain”. It is likely that the origins of the name lie in the language of the Zends, one of the tribes of Iran: “Elbrus” means “brilliant”.

When is the best time to climb to the top?

In July and August, Elbrus has the most stable weather. The air temperature here is about -8 degrees. However, as it rises, it can drop to -30 degrees. Winters here are very harsh and long: from October to April. During this period, it is better to warm up at home under a blanket and drink hot chocolate, otherwise the rise may result in dire consequences, including death.

Conquering the summit takes about a week. Moreover, civilization has made this path easier: there is a cable car that will take you straight to the Bochki shelter. It is located at an altitude of 3750 meters. The camp got its name from the insulated trailers that are located here: they look like barrels.

There are ten of them here, each trailer can accommodate six people. There is also a specially equipped kitchen. This is where the ascent basically begins.

The next camp is located at an altitude of approximately 4000 meters. Once upon a time there was a hotel called the Shelter of Eleven, but it burned down and the building was never restored.


But not far from it there is an operating eco-hotel Leap-Rus.


It was designed by Italian architects and has all the amenities: water, electricity and even internet. The price of one night will cost 3,250 rubles per bed.

History of conquests

The very first person to climb to the top of Elbrus was Russian general Georgy Emmanuel. He conquered the mountain in 1829 with a whole group of people from the scientific world: geologists, physicists, zoologists.

The western peak, which is higher, was conquered much later, more than 40 years later, in 1874. English climbers climbed here with a guide who took part in the first expedition in 1829.

The first person to visit both peaks of Elbrus was topographer A.V. Pastukhov. He climbed the western peak in 1890, and in 1896 - the eastern one. He compiled detailed maps of the mountain.

Stratovolcano

Elbrus is an extinct volcano. Neanderthals lived in this area for a long time. However, after the eruptions that took place 45 thousand years ago, they left the mountain in search of a more favorable place to live.

Research has shown that the last eruption of Elbrus was in the 50s AD.

Fact #1. It was to Elbrus that Zeus chained Prometheus for his “trick”: he gave people fire.

Fact #2. During the Great Patriotic War, the German Edelweiss division captured mountain bases, including the Shelter of Eleven. Nazi banners were erected on the mountain, and enthusiastic articles were written in German newspapers that both peaks had been taken. They planned to rename the mountain “Hitler Peak”. A token with exactly this inscription was awarded to all participants in the ascent.


Fact #3. In honor of the 400th anniversary of Kabardino-Balkaria, 400 climbers climbed Elbrus simultaneously in 1956.

Fact #4. In 1991, Outside Magazine named Shelter of Eleven's toilet the worst toilet in the world.

Fact #5. Elbrus is one of the most dangerous peaks in the world. Accidents occur here regularly; in 2004 alone, 48 people died here.

Fact #6. In 1997, the mountain was conquered by car: this was done by Russian traveler Alexander Abramov. Land Rover was specially equipped for this purpose.

Fact No. 7. Elbrus is included in the “Seven Summits” list - a list of the highest peaks on the planet.

Fact #8. There are 22 glaciers on Mount Elbrus. They form the sources of three rivers: Baksan, Malka and Kuban.

Fact #9. The viewing radius on the mountain is constantly changing. It depends on the weather and pressure. Sometimes from here you can see two seas at once: the Caspian and the Black.


Fact #10. Elbrus is considered one of the 7 wonders of the world of Russia.

Who else made it to the top three?

In second and third place are the same peaks of the Caucasus: Mount Dykhtau with a height of 5204 meters and Mount Koshtantau with a height of 5152 meters.

 

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