The town of Sosva, Sverdlovsk. History of the village of Sosva, methodological development on the topic. How life is in the Ural village, where the “city-forming” correctional colonies were closed

Introduction.

My small homeland is the village of Sosva. I was born here, my dearest people live here: dad, mom. I really love my small homeland, which is surrounded by greenery in the spring and turns into a magical golden fairy tale in the fall. And in winter it is covered with a fluffy blanket, and the cheerful laughter of children from the slides and skating rinks echoes in the frosty air throughout the village.

It’s interesting to walk along the streets, squares and look at houses and buildings...

One day I thought:

-How did the village appear?
-How did he grow up?
-Why is it called that?
-What is his age?
-Why were ravines formed?

Goals and objectives.

Target: present the historical path of the village of Sosva, arouse interest in its past and present.

Tasks:

clarify the history of the formation of Sosva.
find out why the village is called that.
find out who and how carried out the construction of the village.
why did ravines form in our village?

Object of study: Sosva village.

Research methods:

collection of information.

Hypothesis: The village of Sosva has a rich and interesting history.

A source of information:

Internet, book articles.
Stories from relatives.

Relevance The problem is that no one has systematically studied this issue. And preserved legends and stories for science can tell a lot if they are promptly and carefully recorded and correctly deciphered, since each name is a word that develops according to the laws of language.

Each locality has its own history and anniversaries in this history. Most recently, our village of Sosva celebrated its 80th anniversary.

My village, Sosva, is located on an amazingly beautiful place, a high, arched bank of the Sosva River, which is located 10 kilometers below the mouth of the Lyapin River. Regarding the ravines, my aunt, Evdokia Ivanovna Kugina, told me the following legend.

Legend.

In the old days, people said that there was no village in this place. Passing by on boats, men rowed with oars, and women, around the bend where the island was, climbed off the boat and walked to Shominsky Island. And whoever was sick in the boat could not walk, so they covered him from above so that he could not be seen. And why they did this, they say, the devil “Kul-Otyr” lived on these whirlpools. And this Kul-Otyr and some Otyr (God’s patron) had a fight and got into a big fight. This Otyr picked up Kul-Otyr and carried him. And Kulotyr rushed back and forth, either with his feet or with his tail, furrowing the ground and forming ravines. And so dodging, he fell not far from this place. And where he fell, a lake formed. This lake is now called “Kultur”. When Kul-Otyr fell, he said that he would still return to his original place, connecting the lake with the river. And the Russians were looking for a place to build a village to unite small villages. They liked this place, that it was on a high and beautiful bank. And in the 1930s the village of Sosva was built here. In Russian they say “Sosvinskaya kultbaza”, and in Mansi “Kul-pas pavil”. To ensure that the ravines do not grow any further and Kul-Otyr does not return to its original place, local people plant trees and sprinkle the ravines with sand. This is the legend about our village.

Toponymy of the village.

The village is named after the river on which Sosva is located; it has the Komi - Zyryan meaning of the word. Komi-Zyryans, the majority live upstream of the Sosva River in the village of Saranpaul on the Lyapin River (it takes its water from the Ural Mountains, the water is transparent, clean), leaving the mouth of the Lyapin River to our river, people saw dark, muddy water, the bed of which comes from the swamps, they called this river Sosva - “dark water”.

In the thirties of the twentieth century, the construction of the village of Sosvinskaya Kultbaza began, and I conducted research about these years of the life of the village.

So, the indigenous people in the village are the Mansi people, who used to be called Voguls; they lived not far from the place where the village now stands. One of the meanings of the word “Mansi” is translated from the Mansi language as “man” - small, “si” - people (small people, clan).

Life and way of life of the indigenous inhabitants of the Sosva territory.

The indigenous people of Mansi mostly lived in the forest.

Their main types of livelihood were hunting, fishing, reindeer herding, and collecting wild plants. To catch fish, animals, upland game and ducks, the Mansi themselves made fishing gear from natural materials. Ropes were made from willow bark, rugs were made from wheatgrass, fishing nets were made from nettle threads, cords for seines, nets and fishing locks. Mansi families lived in births and had a winter and summer place of residence. In the summer they settled along the rivers in summer yurts to fish. With the onset of winter, they moved to winter yurts, which were located in the forest, to hunt fur-bearing animals, upland game, elk, wild deer and graze their own deer. And with the arrival of spring, they again migrated to the banks of rivers, where they could fish during the summer and autumn, store dried fish and fish oil for the winter, and collect wild plants.

In the middle of the 20th century, horses and cows already appeared on Mansi farms. The semi-nomadic lifestyle did not allow them to engage in livestock farming and gardening. With the arrival of spring, most of the Mansi families of Northern Sosva traveled with their entire families to the lower reaches of the Sosva River and to the Ob River to hunt for muksun, with the aim of exchanging it with merchants for flour, sugar, ammunition, and storing dried fish and fat for the winter.

The harsh conditions of survival, the lack of proper attention from the state to the people, the lack of medical care, illiteracy, and the low level of economic development of Northern Sosva led to high mortality among the Voguls (Mansi).

Construction of the Sosvinskaya Cultural Base.

In the thirties of the 20th century, the Soviet government decided to begin transformations in the economy, culture and life of the northern peoples. Collectivization began on our territory. Families living by birth were united into collective farms. They decided to build the Sosva cultural base on the Sosva River so that it would be a cultural center for small villages.

Why was this particular place chosen for the construction of the Cultural Base? The chosen location has a good, for that time, transport network: a short route to all national villages, located at the intersection of winter and summer roads to Nyaksimvol, Saranpaul and Aneevo; from here it was easier and faster to get to any village in Northern Sosva, the Lyapin River and the middle part of the Sosva River*. When the construction of the Sosvinskaya Cultural Base began, the word “kul” scared away the local population and therefore cultural workers had to invest a lot of work and time in order to attract the local population to work and live in the Cultural Base.

The collectivization of Mansi farms began with the organization of the simplest mixed production associations (partnerships) for fishing and hunting, collecting wild plants, and jointly cultivating the land. The agricultural department of the Berezovsky district executive committee compiled a passport for each formed collective farm and simple production association*.

The construction of the Sosvinskaya Cultural Base solved the following problems:

Promoting the development of the economy and culture of the national population.
Create an asset from among the national population.
Conduct research work in order to comprehensively study the natural reserves of the region*.

To accomplish these tasks, the following facilities were built:

School - Boarding school with educational workshops
Medical center (outpatient clinic and hospitals with therapeutic, surgical and dental offices and maternity wards, pharmacy, bathhouse, laundry, disinfection chamber).
Veterinary station (outpatient clinic, pharmacy and disinfection chamber);
Zootechnical station (room for laboratory studies, silage tower);
Agronomic station (room for laboratory classes, meteorological station, greenhouses, greenhouses, vegetable gardens, field and fodder plots, vegetable storage).
Residential and commercial buildings.
House of the Peoples of the North (dormitory for visitors, kitchen, dining room, room for club work, cinema, radio and projection lamp, hall with a stage for theatrical performances and amateur art evenings).

In the spring-summer period, all the work of the House of Peoples of the North was carried out on a floating base. For the purpose of cultural education, mobile political and educational institutions “Red Plagues” operated on the river - these are floating boats. Members of the brigade read reports on various topics, held conversations on political and pedagogical topics, about the Stakhanov movement, the eradication of illiteracy, the upcoming elections to local bodies, the importance of savings banks, the organization of collective farms, the transition from a semi-nomadic way of life to a sedentary way of life, and so on. Organized amateur performances of Mansi art. They also cut and shaved men's hair and provided medical assistance.

The Sosva Cultural Center was destined to have a beneficial influence on the radical transformation of the economic activity of the Mansi people and attract them to a sedentary lifestyle. The local population also contributed to the construction of the cultural base; they worked as carters, cooks, reindeer herders, and carpenters.

The builders were manually cutting down the centuries-old forest; they had to hurry, since winter was just around the corner. All labor-intensive work was done using an ax and a hand saw. The founding of the village is considered to be October 16, 1933.

The Mansi culture and language were studied even before the construction of the Cultural Base. Already in 1931, the Mansi alphabet was developed. Until this time, the Mansi people did not have a written language. This year, regular publication of literature in the Mansi language began.

Most of the men during the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1945 went to the front and did not return, there was no one to work on collective farms and artels, the main work was done by women and children.

Conclusion.

Sosvinskaya Cultural Center yesterday, today, tomorrow.

In modern times, the population of the village is about a thousand people of different nationalities - the predominant part are indigenous people - Mansi. Thus, the village of Sosva was founded in the thirties of the twentieth century. The foundation of the village began with the formation of the Sosvinskaya Cultural Base. The main tasks, which were to eliminate illiteracy among the indigenous population and introduce them to culture, were completed by the Sosva cultural center by the 1950s. Later the village began to bear the name Sosva.

At the beginning of the 2000s of the 21st century, the village began to “come to life” again, to grow, almost every family is building a larger house, equipping their households and everyday life, in the center there is a children’s summer playground and a sports ground for mini-football. This year it is planned to open a kindergarten and also a boarding school, which has been awaited for several years.

Most people in the village work in schools, private entrepreneurs and ethnic communities. In the summer, people collect wild plants and catch herring; in winter they hunt and simply enjoy our beautiful nature and clean air.

I love my village and am proud that I was born and live here!

References.

Khromova A. M., Khromov V. V. “Living center of culture” 2000
Khromov V.V. “The smell of the taiga” 2004

Applications.

Presentation: “Sosva is my favorite heart”
Video: “The Legend of Sosva”

Introduction

Legend

Toponymy of the village.

Reductions in budget expenditures and the need to optimize the system of correctional institutions, the costs of which significantly “exceed the socio-economic effect” of their activities, forced the Federal Penitentiary Service, in particular, to liquidate two city-forming colonies in the village of Sosva (Sverdlovsk region). The entire economy of the village was built around servicing the colonies; now local residents are afraid that the village will not exist without the colonies. Kommersant correspondent VYACHESLAV KOZLOV went to Sosva to find out how local residents plan to survive without a colony next door.

Rumors about the closure of correctional colonies (CIs) in the village of Sosva appeared at the beginning of the year. Employees of IK-15 and IK-18, on which the entire economy of Sosva rests, initially greeted these conversations with a smile: no one believed that the authorities would decide to liquidate the zones in the village, whose life since the days of the Gulag has been associated with the detention of prisoners.

“At first everyone said that they would close the 15th, then they started saying that they would close the 18th, but in the end it turned out that they would close both colonies,” recalls former prisoner of IK-18 Oleg Konstantinov. They began sending people from the colonies in stages to other zones of the Sverdlovsk region in March, and the camps were emptied in early April. The prisoners now remained only in the medical correctional institution (MCI) N23, located next to IK-15 - just over 200 people, patients with various forms of tuberculosis, AIDS, etc.

Oleg Konstantinov talks about the life of the village, standing near the old two-story building of the local hotel. It was built with money from the Penitentiary Service Directorate, or simply “the Directorate”, as residents of Sosva have respectfully called the Main Directorate of the Penitentiary Service for several decades. In Soviet times, almost all institutions in the village were built at the expense of the “administration”, but after perestroika, due to lack of funds, the Federal Penitentiary Service stopped supporting Sosva. Several years ago, the “management” stopped being responsible for the residential buildings that were once built for camp employees; they were transferred to the balance of the municipal authorities. Throughout the village, in which there are practically no asphalt roads, rickety wooden and brick houses are scattered, many have no glass or doors, and the roofs are burned.

“There is a room in this hotel for the general, but now he probably won’t even come here,” says Oleg Konstantinov with sadness. “On Repina, 4 (address of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Sverdlovsk Region. - Kommersant) budget money is being thrown around a pinch for settlements where there are colonies. Now even this pinch will not reach Sosva, because they will have no obligations - the colonies are being closed. It’s a pity that the village will disappear.”

The further into the forest, the less money

Officially, plans for a large-scale reorganization of colonies in Sosva were announced at the State Administration of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Sverdlovsk Region at the end of February 2015. The headquarters decided to liquidate IK-15, merging it with LIU-23, and mothball IK-18, the largest colony in Sosva. Both colonies - the 15th and the 18th - are high-security institutions, where they served sentences for murder, robbery, sale of drugs on a particularly large scale, etc. As of January 1, 2014, IK-15 held 854 there were 988 convicts in IK-18, 350 in LIU-23. Over the year, the number of prisoners has sharply decreased. As of January 1, 2015, there were already 669 people in IK-15, 388 in IK-18, and 283 in LIU-23.

In IK-15, according to data as of March 2015, 237 people worked: guards, inspectors, operational workers, squad leaders and institutional management. 52 of them are civilians: accountants, drivers, equipment repair and maintenance technicians, etc. Almost all colony employees live in Sosva. Together with family members, they constitute not only the largest, but also the most prosperous part of the village’s population. The growth of salaries of FSIN employees occurred in the mid and late 2000s. Depending on their length of service and rank, camp workers in Sosva receive from 20 thousand to 60 thousand rubles. The average salary is 30-40 thousand rubles - good money by local standards, so many in recent years have taken out loans for a car, home renovations, had another child or given birth to their first child. The surge in birth rates in Sosva forced local authorities to build a third kindergarten. The increase in living standards also provoked something like a consumer boom in the village, which, as local residents say, has continued for the last five years. A supermarket and several retail outlets appeared in the village. The increase in the vehicle fleet led to the opening of an auto parts store - previously, to repair a car, one had to travel 100 km to Serov. But unemployment and the crisis rise in food prices will not allow maintaining the previous standard of living.

The head of the Sosvensky urban district, Alexey Safonov, is extremely pessimistic about the future of the village: “Employees of the colonies received good salaries, they went to stores, bought goods. Now they don’t go to stores, businessmen began to fire people, unemployment in the village is increasing every day. Naturally, people will have to leave, there will be less taxes in the local budget."

The head of the regional penitentiary service, Lieutenant General Sergei Khudorozhkov, explaining the decision to liquidate the colonies, uses numbers and terms like “losses” and “economic feasibility.” According to him, the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service is obliged to implement the decision of the central office of the department to “optimize the staffing level of correctional institutions.” “Everything is banal: this year the Federal Penitentiary Service allocated less money from the budget, so an order came to consider the issue of optimizing institutions that have long been unprofitable,” explains Mr. Khudorozhkov.

“The most neglected institutions are being liquidated,” the lieutenant general proves. “They were built without designs and standards during the Gulag. There is no sewage system, no running water - only wooden barracks.” The entrance gates were built for horse-drawn carts, Sergei Khudorozhkov gives an example; modern paddy wagons do not pass through there. “If convicts can be placed in other institutions, there is no point in building new ones,” he adds.

The main production in which the prisoners were employed was logging and wood processing. Just two or three years ago, as local residents and prison staff say, prisoners were recruited to cut wood in the vicinity of the colonies and to work in sawmills. The processed wood was sold at special timber exchanges in the colonies.

But from year to year, according to the Federal Penitentiary Service, the volume of production decreased, and losses began to cover income. The federal budget costs for the maintenance of IK-15 and IK-18 significantly “exceed the socio-economic effect” of their activities, the department says. Thus, in IK-15 in 2012, products worth 28,008.3 thousand rubles were produced; in 2013 - by 26,737.1 thousand rubles; in 2014 - by 20,250.8 thousand rubles. As a result, income over three years decreased by 6.5 million rubles. The management explains the losses by extremely worn-out equipment, low quality timber and logistics problems: timber harvesting is located 75 km from processing enterprises. At the same time, the felling sites are located in swampy areas, so the roads for timber removal are passable only in winter. All this required additional costs.

It is unprofitable, according to the FSIN and IK-18. Although the colony, according to official data, was engaged in livestock farming, crop production, clothing production, metalworking and woodworking, for three years in a row it did not fulfill the production plan, which assumed breaking even. There are not enough funds for the basic necessities: the colony cannot provide itself with spare parts for equipment and fuel and lubricants.

The enlargement of LIU-23, the FSIN State Administration assures, will increase the number of prisoners in the institution to 696 places (the current limit is 335 places). The staff of LIU-23, in turn, will grow due to those who worked in the liquidated IK-15. Thus, 222 people will work in a single institution. As for IK-18, 30 people out of 269 who are currently on staff will remain there. In this case, the legal entity of the colony will not be liquidated, but practically no money will be allocated for its maintenance.

With a clear conscience on market relations

Oleg Konstantinov served ten years out of the twelve appointed by the court in Sosvenskaya penal colony No. 18, was released on parole, but did not return home to Zlatoust. Other former prisoners remained in Sosva, started a family here and found work. The former prisoner got a job in the same penal colony-18. “I worked on a garbage truck since 2008,” he says. “This garbage truck was being written off, it was lying in a ditch, I put it on wheels. Now I’m on official leave, I’m still on the staff of the colony, but I’m already looking for work. We need drivers who don’t drink , so the businessman at the sawmill suggested that I get a job on a timber truck. I need to feed my family - the boy is four years old, and I’m working hard.”

The story of Oleg Konstantinov, who found a job even before his official dismissal, is a success story by Sosva standards. He himself admits that “the rest have nowhere to go, especially those who are certified,” that is, those who serve in the Sosva colonies and have a rank. “Officers will not go to work at a sawmill for 20 thousand a month, they have an education and no skills. Moreover, here it is considered something of a downfall - low-paid non-Russians work there, and pride will not allow the guards to work with them,” - explains driver Konstantinov.

The nearest city where you can theoretically find work is Serov, with a metallurgical plant and a population of 150,000. But “no one is waiting for anyone” there.

“Everyone has taken out loans, mainly for cars and home repairs, but no one knows how to repay them now if there is no work,” Oleg Konstantinov outlined the situation. “I myself have two credit cards, which I cut up so that God forbid, I don’t use it. There’s only one loan left: don’t drink, don’t eat, and give the money to the bank every month.” During the crisis, food prices, says a former prisoner of IK-18, soared. In addition to the crisis, prices are also affected by the transportation costs of food suppliers. For example, chicken in Sosva costs almost twice as much as in Yekaterinburg - 170 rubles. for 1 kg.

There is no alternative work in Sosva. There are four private woodworking businesses in the village, but there are no vacancies, especially for officers. The director of one of the sawmills, Pavel Kudryavtsev, admits that “the production has already been staffed”: “There is a small turnover, of course, but the main core has been working for a long time - for ten years. In addition, we are talking about specialties that require skills, and he’s a shifter—can you force him to work? In general, we’re not ready to accept an army of unemployed people, I’ll tell you straight.”

The Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service assures that there will be a job for everyone who is planned to be fired from the liquidated colonies. According to Sergei Khudorozhkov, in other penitentiary institutions in the region there are more than 600 vacancies for both ordinary and management personnel. When asked how people will get to their new place of work, the lieutenant general answers categorically: “Everyone will be given certificates that will give them the opportunity to buy housing in the places where they are moving.”

52-year-old Nadezhda Panarina, who worked at IK-18 as a repairman for more than 30 years, claims that it is psychologically difficult for people to come to terms with the thought of moving. “Everyone is literally in shock,” she says. “Many have not yet been announced about their dismissal, but they understand that they need to look for work somewhere. They think about moving with difficulty, because they have to leave their homes, at home. So far, few ready for this."

Nadezhda Panarina talks about how the certificate system works. The certificate involves receiving a fixed amount (its value depends on the average price per square meter of housing in a particular region), which a citizen has the right to spend only on the purchase of living space. “By receiving the certificate, you sign a waiver of your previous municipal housing in Sosva. Many who are not ready to leave have to deceive the state: they buy apartments in another city using certificates, then sell and buy housing in Sosva again in order to continue living here,” says a worker at IK-18.

Protesters demand the return of prisoners

Over the past months, the head of the Sosvensky urban district, Alexey Safonov, has been trying to get the regional and federal authorities to cancel the decision to close the colonies. “I went to a meeting in Yekaterinburg with the chairman of the regional government, Denis Pasler. So, Pasler is against the closure: he directly said that he would not give permission for liquidation, because he understands that otherwise the village will die,” says Alexey Safonov . He recalls the history of the nearby village of Puksinka. A colony there was liquidated several years ago. After this, the number of residents in the village decreased from a thousand to about two hundred people.

Economic problems in Sosva have already begun: local authorities are trying to calculate how much taxes the district will receive less after the liquidation and conservation of the colonies. Alexey Safonov gives figures: for example, the debt on taxes and fees as of March 1, 2015 at IK-18 amounted to 30,05,119.77 rubles. Moreover, IK-15 alone paid 1,501.2 thousand rubles to the district budget in January 2015. personal income tax. For 2014, this amount amounted to 18,774.8 thousand rubles. “This is very significant money for the district budget; we build roads with it, pay teachers’ salaries, etc.,” says Alexey Safonov.

In mid-April, a rally against the closure of the colonies was held in the village, which was attended by several dozen people. None of the colony employees were there. “It so happened that on that day the management arranged some kind of meeting for them, which they could not miss. But they would not have come in any case: everyone is afraid to say anything against the liquidation under the threat of dismissal,” explains Alexey Safonov. He believes that this is not the last protest action in Sosva.

The conflicting parties see directly opposite ways to solve the Sosva problem. The leadership of the criminal correctional system believes that feeding those left without work will cost more than relocating them to other territories. Alexey Safonov is convinced that it is necessary not to resettle people closer to work, but to bring jobs to the village. In particular, he approached the regional authorities with a proposal to transfer IK-2, which is located in the center of Yekaterinburg - not far from the stadium being built for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, to Sosva. “The authorities themselves want to move the colony, but we have all the infrastructure - repair it and bring in prisoners,” adds Mr. Safonov. The head of Sosva claims that the regional government is ready to do this “even tomorrow.” But he doesn’t know how much money will be needed to transfer prisoners and modernize the colonies in Sosva.

What is the village of Sosva famous for?

Dossier

The urban-type settlement of Sosva was founded in 1880 by entrepreneur Christian von Tal during the construction of an iron foundry. Located in the Serovsky district of the Sverdlovsk region. The distance to Yekaterinburg is about 400 km, to Nizhny Tagil - 250 km.

In 1938, the North Ural forced labor camp of the NKVD (SevUralLAG) was opened in Sosva. The prisoners were mainly engaged in logging and woodworking. The maximum number of prisoners was recorded in January 1942 - 33.8 thousand people. Now in Sosva there are three institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service - maximum security colonies IK-15 and IK-18 (a total of 1057 prisoners), as well as a medical and correctional institution LIU-23 (about 280 patients).

Sosva is the administrative center of the city district of the same name. The population of the village as of February 1, 2015 was 8,717 people. The maximum population was recorded in the 1959 census - 14,283 people. In 2014, the mortality rate in the village exceeded the birth rate (5.9 and 5 people per 1 thousand population, respectively).

The average salary in the city district in 2014 was 21.75 thousand rubles. The planned budget revenues for 2015 - 514.5 million - consist of 68.4% of gratuitous transfers from budgets of other levels. Until the mid-2000s, the main enterprise of the village was the Sosvinsky woodworking plant, opened in 1932. However, by 2012 it went bankrupt and was liquidated.

Settlement Sosva named after the river on the left bank of which it is located. The toponym is of Komi-Permyak origin and means “sleeve of water.” The Sosva River actually forms many branches and channels, including in the vicinity of the village. Sosva is located in the central part of the Sverdlovsk region, in the Serovsky district. The distance to the district center is 110 kilometers along the Alapaevsk - Serov railway, which passes through the village. Sosva lies surrounded by forests and peat bogs.

Story

The village appeared in 1880, when the construction of the Sosvinsky iron foundry began on the territory of the Sosvinsky volost of the Verkhoturye plant. The enterprise operated until 1927, after which it was dismantled. A wood processing plant was built in its place. By that time, the village of the Sosvinsky plant was already (since 1923) a regional center, but already in 1931 it was included in the Nadezhdinsky (Serovsky) district. Sosva received its current status in 1938.

In the post-war period, the village developed as a center of the timber industry. There are also two maximum security colonies and two settlement colonies in Sosva.

Sverdlovsk region- Sverdlovsk region. 1. National Park Pripyshminskie Bors, Sverdlovsk region, located in the Urals. Included in the Ural economic region. Area 194.8 thousand km2. Population 4686.3 thousand people (1996). Center Yekaterinburg. Other… … Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

SVERDLOVSK REGION, subject of the Russian Federation; located in the Urals. Included in the Ural economic region. Pl. 194.8 thousand km2. Population 4656.0 thousand people. (1998). Center of Yekaterinburg. Dr. large cities: Nizhny Tagil, Kamensk Uralsky, ... ... Russian history

In the Ural economic area. Adm. center – Yekaterinburg; other large cities and industrial centers: Nizh. Tagil, Kamensk Uralsky, Pervouralsk, Serov. Pl. 194.8 thousand km²; formed in 1934; 47 cities, 99 urban areas In the western region low mountain zone... ... Geographical encyclopedia

As part of the RSFSR. Formed on January 17, 1934. Area 194.8 thousand km2. Population 4383 thousand people. (1975). It is divided into 30 administrative districts, has 44 cities and 96 urban-type settlements. Center of Sverdlovsk. S. o. awarded 2 orders... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

In Russian federation. 194.8 thousand km2. Population 4656.0 thousand people (1998), urban 87.5%. 47 cities, 100 urban villages. Center Yekaterinburg. Located in the foothills of the Middle and Northern Urals and on the adjacent outskirts of the Western... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Arr. 17 Jan 1934 (separated from the Ural region). In 1938 to the territory of the region. annexed to Verkhne Tavdinsky district of Tyumen. region and districts of Chelyab. regions: Butkinsky, Kamyshlovsky, Pyshminsky, Talitsky, Tugulymsky; Perm was isolated from the composition of CO. region In 1942 from... ... Ekaterinburg (encyclopedia)

Sverdlovsk region- founded on January 17 1934 (separated from the Ur. region). In 1938 to ter. region annexed to Verkhne Tavdinsky district of Tyumen region. and districts of Chelyab. regions: Butkinsky, Kamyshlovsky, Pyshminsky, Talitsky, Tugulymsky; from the S.O. allocated to Perm. region IN … Ural Historical Encyclopedia

General information

Population 9630 inhabitants (2010).

The village is located in the Middle Urals, in the Sverdlovsk region, on the left bank of the Sosva River.

The distance to the nearest city (Serov) is 87 km in a straight line and 108 km by road.

The emergence of the village

Prerequisites

In the 16th - 19th centuries, the emergence of many settlements in the Sosvinsky urban district was associated with the development of the lands of the Trans-Urals and Siberia, in the 20th century with the development of the forestry and woodworking industries and the resettlement, including forced ones, of people from other regions of the country.

Initially, the Voguls (Mansi) settled on the Sosva River. After Ermak’s campaign (1581) against Kuchum, the systematic development of the Trans-Ural lands by Russian people began. The Sosva River was an important waterway of that time. This was the beginning of the journey to the Ob. Since 1600, the lands along the Sosva River have been gradually populated by Russian settlers.

Construction

The village of Sosva was formed in 1880 during the construction of a foundry. The construction was supervised by mining engineer Apollo Vasilievich Nikitin. In 1885, the first blast furnace was put into operation. By the beginning of the 20th century, about 3,000 people worked at the plant. The Sosvinsky Iron Foundry ended its existence on May 25, 1926, and from September 21, 1932 in the village. Construction of a wood processing plant began in Sosva. On January 11, 1938, a branch of the Administration of the North Ural Camp of the NKVD of the USSR was created in the village of Sosva.

Coat of arms and flag of the village

Attractions

In December 2008, a memorial sign was installed at 21 km of the Sosva-Vostochny highway - a symbol of the center of the Sverdlovsk region. It has been established that the geographic center of the Sverdlovsk region is located at 58 degrees 59.86 minutes north latitude and 61 degrees 44.51 minutes east longitude right here, almost four hundred kilometers from Yekaterinburg.

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