What to see from the sights of Florence? Italian language, Italy, independent study of the Italian language Map of Florence in Russian

This site is dedicated to self-learning Italian from scratch. We will try to make it the most interesting and useful for everyone who is interested in this beautiful language and, of course, Italy itself.

Interesting about the Italian language.
History, facts, modernity.
Let's start with a few words about the modern status of the language; it is obvious that Italian is the official language in Italy, the Vatican (simultaneously with Latin), in San Marino, but also in Switzerland (in its Italian part, the canton of Ticino) and in Several districts in Croatia and Slovenia, where a large Italian-speaking population lives, Italian is also spoken by some of the residents on the island of Malta.

Italian dialects - will we understand each other?

In Italy itself, even today you can hear many dialects, sometimes it is enough to travel only a few tens of kilometers to encounter another of them.
Moreover, dialects are often so different from each other that they can seem like completely different languages. If people from, for example, the northern and central Italian “outback” meet, they may not even be able to understand each other.
What is especially interesting is that some dialects, in addition to the oral form, also have a written form, such as the Neopolitan, Venetian, Milanese and Sicilian dialects.
The latter exists, accordingly, on the island of Sicily and is so different from other dialects that some researchers distinguish it as a separate Sardinian language.
However, in everyday communication and, especially, in large cities, you are unlikely to experience any inconvenience, because... Today, dialects are spoken mainly by older people in rural areas, while young people use the correct literary language, which unites all Italians, the language of radio and, of course, television.
It may be mentioned here that until the end of the Second World War, modern Italian was only a written language, used by the ruling class, scientists and in administrative institutions, and it was television that played a big role in the spread of the common Italian language among all inhabitants.

How it all began, origins

The history of the formation of modern Italian, as we all know it, is closely connected with the history of Italy and, of course, no less fascinating.
Origins - in Ancient Rome, everything was in the Roman language, commonly known as Latin, which at that time was the official state language of the Roman Empire. Later, from Latin, in fact, the Italian language and many other European languages arose.
Therefore, knowing Latin, you can understand what a Spaniard is saying, plus or minus a Portuguese, and you can even understand part of the speech of an Englishman or a Frenchman.
In 476, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, abdicated the throne after the capture of Rome by the German leader Odocar, this date is considered the end of the Great Roman Empire.
Some also call it the end of the “Roman language”, however, even today disputes still rage as to why exactly the Latin language lost its relevance, because of the capture of the Roman Empire by barbarians or was it a natural process and in what language? spoken towards the end of the Roman Empire.
According to one version, in ancient Rome by this time, along with Latin, the spoken language was already widespread, and it is from this popular language of Rome that the Italian that we know as Italian of the 16th century comes from, according to the second version, in connection with the invasion of the barbarians Latin mixed with various barbarian languages and dialects, and it is from this synthesis that the Italian language originates.

Birthday - first mention

The year 960 is considered the birthday of the Italian language. This date is associated with the first document where this “proto-vernacular language” is present - vulgare, these are court papers related to the land litigation of the Benedictine Abbey, witnesses used this particular version of the language so that the testimony would be understandable to as many people as possible, until this moment in all official papers we can only see Latin.
And then there was a gradual spread in the ubiquitous life of the language vulgare, which translates as the people's language, which became the prototype of the modern Italian language.
However, the story does not end there, but only becomes more interesting and the next stage is associated with the Renaissance and with such well-known names as Dante Alighiere, F. Petrarch, G. Boccaccio and others.
to be continued...

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Italian language tutorial

I present a new separate section for all students of the Italian language - Italian language self-instruction manual for beginners.
Making a blog into a full-fledged Italian tutorial is, of course, not easy, but I try to give the most convenient and logical sequence of interesting online lessons so that you can learn Italian on your own.
There will also be a section - an audio tutorial, where, as you might guess, there will be lessons with audio applications that can be downloaded or listened to directly on the site.
How to choose an Italian language tutorial, where to download it, or how to study it online, you will find information about this in my posts.
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In chapter "

Here is a detailed map of Florence with street names in Russian and house numbers. You can easily get directions by moving the map in all directions with the mouse or clicking on the arrows in the upper left corner. You can change the scale using the scale with the “+” and “-” icons located on the map on the right. The easiest way to adjust the image size is by rotating the mouse wheel.

What country is the city of Florence in?

Florence is located in Italy. This is a wonderful, beautiful city, with its own history and traditions. Florence coordinates: north latitude and east longitude (show on large map).

Virtual walk

An interactive map of Florence with landmarks and other tourist attractions is an indispensable assistant in independent travel. For example, in the “Map” mode, the icon of which is in the upper left corner, you can see a city plan, as well as a detailed map of roads with route numbers. You can also see the city's railway stations and airports marked on the map. Nearby you see the “Satellite” button. By turning on satellite mode, you will examine the terrain, and by enlarging the image, you will be able to study the city in great detail (thanks to satellite maps from Google Maps).

Move the “little man” from the lower right corner of the map to any street in the city, and you can take a virtual walk around Florence. Adjust the direction of movement using the arrows that appear in the center of the screen. By turning the mouse wheel, you can zoom in or out of the image.

Florence on the map of Italy

Detailed map of Florence

Traffic diagram in Florence

Florence Map

Florence is the capital of one of the most picturesque and culturally rich regions of Italy - Tuscany. The City of Arts is located in the central part of the country. The highway connecting Rome and Milan runs along the western outskirts of Florence. By the way, Rome and Florence are separated by an hour and a half train ride.

The map of Florence shows that the city is crossed by the river Arno. The city stretches along both banks of the river, across which there are several luxurious bridges. From the north, the Tuscan capital is surrounded by the Apennine hills.

A detailed map of Florence is your reliable travel companion in the ancient Italian city. Florence can only be known and seen while walking through the narrow streets and cozy squares. The town is small and every corner of it is charming and unique.

Florence map with landmarks will help you find the way to the desired museum, palace, bridge or square.

A visit to the capital of Tuscany, Florence, will be interesting not only for history and culture lovers. Although this city on the Arno River really surpasses any other in Italy in terms of the number of architectural monuments and artistic values. And the historical center is considered part of the World Heritage Site. However, there is a lot of interesting things here for those who want to enjoy national cuisine in cozy restaurants, taste the famous wines of Tuscany, buy clothes from famous designers and unusual jewelry, or just take a walk in the gardens blooming with bright colors.

Maps of Florence are popular among tourists, as most of the most famous attractions are marked on them, including museums, palaces, galleries, and more.

Florence is usually divided into six large parts surrounding the main attractions.

Historical Center- a real exposition under the blue Florentine sky. There is a lot to see here: Duomo Square with the bell tower created by the famous architect Giotto and the Cathedral. In the same area is the Medici Riccardi Palace, which was designed by Michelangelo. Art lovers will enjoy the Uffizi Gallery and the Del Bargello Museum, located in the oldest building in the city.
Santa Croce- named after the church where the tombs of great Italians are kept. Here you can also admire several beautiful palaces.

San Lorenzo— also arose around the church of the same name. Not far from it is the monastery of San Marco and the Medici tomb. An equally important attraction: the Central Market, where you can bargain in grocery aisles, meat and fish shops, buy fruit or a beautiful bouquet. There are also the largest variety of osterias and trattorias here, where they offer real Tuscan dishes: panzanella, pecorino cheese or ravioli with pear.
Oltrano- The area is famous for its abundance of interesting galleries, for example, located in Palazzo Pitti and presenting masterpieces of the old school and modern art or silverware. The majestic churches are surrounded by residential areas with many restaurants and craft shops.
Coverciano— people come here to visit ancient churches: San Bartolomeo Gignoro, as well as St. Mary or St. Catharine of Siena. Meetings of the Italian Football Federation are also held here.
Tornabuoni- the area where the Florentine nobility used to live. It abounds in luxurious palaces, named after one of the most famous. Now the area is interesting because fashion stores of famous designers and jewelers are concentrated on its streets.

Walking around the city

A tourist map with marks in Russian will help you create a walking route to the sights.

Florence is a small city, almost all attractions can be reached on foot. For example, after visiting the museums in Palazzo Pitti, you can turn to the Arno and walk along the ancient Ponte Vecchio bridge. The invitingly open doors of many jewelry shops will not allow you to enjoy its architecture for a long time. After shopping, you can turn right and walk along the embankment to the Uffizi Gallery. And then have a snack in one of the restaurants with the atmosphere of old Florence.

Another option: start your walk from St. Mark's Square, visiting the monastery of the same name. Then take Via Camillo Cavour towards Palazzo Medici Ricciardi. Then walk along Via de Gori, turning left after a block. Here is the Temple of San Lorenzo with a chapel created by Michelangelo. Next, cross the nearest intersection and discover on the right the bright Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, where the heroes of the Decameron met.

And then take a ticket at the nearby station and go to one of the places in the Chianti region to taste the best wines in the world.

Location on the map of Italy

In contact with

The beautiful city in the valley of the banks of the Arno River gave the world great figures of science and art: Galileo, Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Donatello, Dante, Botticelli. The sights of Florence attract tourists from all over the world. There is a lot to see here: palaces, churches, galleries, museums, squares.

The name "Firenze" is translated from Italian as "blooming", and it was founded by Roman settlers in the 1st century BC. The symbol of the city is blooming irises and white lilies. The city came under the influence of various cultures, and only in the 10th century did its revival begin, when Firenze became an independent commune. The peak of the city's heyday occurred in the 13th-18th centuries; during that period, the “flourishing city” made a huge contribution to the development of world science, culture and architecture.

The modern city is the administrative center of Tuscany and is home to about 400 thousand people. The climate is mild: warm spring, hot summer, autumn comes late, and it often rains in winter. The best time to visit is spring, when, in addition to historical and architectural masterpieces, you can look at the blooming gardens in all their splendor.

Photos and descriptions of attractions

The city is relatively large, and you can see most of the interesting places on your own in 1-3 days, without particularly rushing. Let's look at a sample route below.

Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (il Duomo di Santa Maria del Fiore)

The visiting card of the city is the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. The architectural trio consisting of Catedrale, Campanile and Battistero is located in Piazza Duomo. This is the most grandiose building of the Italian art era of the 15th century (Quattrocento). The huge bright red dome of la Catedrale is visible from anywhere in the city. At the time of construction, all residents of the city could fit under its arches.
The Duomo's vaults are decorated with frescoes depicting great people of that time. The facade is made in pink, white and green colors. The clock of the 15th century is noteworthy; its hands go in the opposite direction, according to the author’s idea, bringing the Day of Judgment closer.

Schedule: every day from 10-00 to 18-00.
Entrance: the whole complex for 15 euros.
Location: Piazza Duomo, 17 – 50122 Firenze.

Giotto's Bell Tower (Campanile di Giotto)

The next building is 84.7 m high, belonging to the cathedral, built in the Italian Gothic style in the 14th century. Several architects worked on Giotto's Campanile, but the main design belongs to Giotto. The bell tower is made in the same style as the Duomo, lined with tricolor marble.
The facade of the lower tier is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting various planets and scenes from the creation of the world. Above the tier there are 16 sculptures. From the observation deck of the Campanile, Florence and its surroundings are clearly visible.

Schedule: from 08-30 to 20-00, seven days a week.
Single ticket – 15 euros.

Baptistery of San Giovanni

Another architectural masterpiece of the temple trio on Piazza Duomo in the form of an octagonal tower. Battistero is the oldest building, built in the 1st – 2nd centuries. The ceiling under the dome is decorated with mosaics, and one of the scenes depicted on the vault is the “Last Judgment” with the central figure of Christ.

Different architects worked on the gates from different sides of the world, all the scenes depicted on them are based on biblical subjects. But the most unusual gate is the eastern one, with paintings from the Old Testament made of bronze, which Michelangelo Buonarroti himself called “the gates of heaven.”

Inside, the Battistero is striking in its magnificence: the marble dome, painted with frescoes, is illuminated by a beam of light from the center of the dome.
Entrance: daily from 11-00 to 19-00, on Sundays and holidays - from 08-30 to 14-00.
Single ticket – 15 euros.

Coordinates: Piazza Duomo, 17 – 50122 Firenze.

Piazza della Signoria

It was a place where the Florentine nobility met, and the sculptures in the square inspired with their beauty on the way to the Palazzo vecchio, in which they resolved global issues.

Translated from Italian it means “Old Palace”, and once it was called the new one. The building looks monumental and has clear shapes. At the top there is a clock tower, the clock on which still works. The building is austere and majestic from the outside and looks rich from the inside. Carved arches and columns, painted ceiling. For the wedding of Francesco Medici with Joan of Austria, the artist Giorgio Vasari made images of Prague, Vienna and other cities on the interior walls of the palace; they would remind the bride of her homeland so that she would not get bored.

Most of the palace is occupied by “Hall 500,” where a council of five hundred members ruled.

Schedule: from 09-30 to 19-00 all days, on Thursday – until 14-00.
The fee is 7 euros.
Location: Piazza Signoria 1 Firenze.

Basilica of Santa Croce

The world's largest Franciscan church in the Gothic style. It is believed that its founder was St. Francis himself. It was built in the form of an Egyptian cross. The inside walls are painted with frescoes and paintings by famous artists, and stained glass windows decorate the interior of the temple.

In the 18th century, an 80-meter bell tower was completed. The basilica is famous for the fact that great sculptors and artists are buried here, such as Michelangelo, Rossini, Galileo, Machiavelli.

Now the church functions more as a museum, and various festivals are held on the square in front of Santa Croce.
Location: Piazza Santa Croce, 16.
Opening hours for visitors: all days except Sunday - from 9-30 to 17-30; on weekends - from 14-00 to 17-00.

Entrance - 8 euros.

Uffizi Gallery

One of the most famous European museums boasts a rich collection of art masterpieces. The Pinacoteca is located in the castle of the same name between Ponte vecchio and Piazza della signoria. It was founded by Cosimo de' Medici in the 16th century. On an area of 13 thousand m2 you can see the creations of great artists and sculptors.

Vasari's niche is decorated with 28 statues of great people of the time, and the museum also has many restored Roman statues. The collection of the 15th – 17th centuries includes gold coins, jewelry and antiques. The basis of the exhibits is the collection of the Medici family. Some famous works: “Cupid and Psyche”, “Venus de Medici”, “Birth of Venus” by Botticelli, etc.
The ticket price in high season is 20 euros, in low season it is 12 euros.
Location: Piazzale degli Uffizi 50123 Firenze.

Entrance: Tue-Fri from 08-45 to 17-00, Mon – closed.

It began to be built in the 4th century and was rebuilt in the 11th century in the Romano style, later the Renaissance style was added. At first it was the cathedral of Florence. The dome of the Princes' Chapel is similar to the dome of the Cathedral, but slightly smaller. Brunelleschi, Michelozzo and Michelangelo worked on the architecture of the building. The basilica is the tomb of the Medici family.

The interior of the temple is more attractive than the exterior, thanks to the works of Michelangelo and Donatello.

Entrance: 7 euros for visiting the entire complex.
Location: Piazza di San Lorenzo, 9.
Schedule: from 10-00 to 17-00 all days, from 13:00 to 17:30 on Sunday.

Republic Square (Piazza della Repubblica)

In ancient times, the Roman Forum was located here. Construction of the square began at the moment when Florence was proclaimed the capital of Italy. Unfortunately, to clear the space, many churches, towers, palaces and houses were removed. Instead, buildings in an eclectic style were built in the 19th century. One of the attractions of the square is a huge arch.

Currently, this is the busiest pedestrian street, connecting the Old Bridge and the Cathedral. Locals are very fond of the small fountain with a boar, which is affectionately called “porcellino”. Entrance to the square is free.

Basilica of Santa Maria Novella

The unusual church, which became the first basilica in Florence, resembles a box in appearance and is located in the square of the same name. The Gothic and early Renaissance basilica was built in the 13th century and later underwent some changes.
The outside is decorated with white and black marble, and the inside is decorated with magnificent frescoes by Domenico Ghirlandaio.

The Basilica Novella is mentioned in Boccaccio’s work “The Decameron”; it is here that the plot begins.
Location: Piazza Santa Maria Novella
Schedule: from 9:00 to 19:00, on Sundays - from 11:00. From October to March the basilica is open until 17:00.

Entry price: 5 euros.

Ponte Vecchio The world's most famous bridge was built in the 14th century and crosses the Arno River. Translated from Italian it means “old”, but more often it is called “golden”, because Duke Ferdinand ordered the butcher shops located along the banks of the river to be replaced with jewelry ones. Thus, gold craft was concentrated around the bridge. One jewelry workshop is still in operation.

The bridge is a monumental structure of three arches. The highlight of the bridge is that there are houses on both sides.

Palazzo Medici Riccardi

The three-tiered palace in the early Renaissance style was designed for Cosimo de' Medici, whose descendants lived in this palace for hundreds of years. Subsequently, the building was bought by Riccardi. He maintained the appearance of the Palazzo while expanding it. The interior decoration was made in Baroque style.

The first floor is made of rough stone masonry symbolizing stability, the second and third tiers are made of polished stone; the master's chambers were located here.

In the castle courtyard there is a beautiful garden with sculptures by famous artists, and marble tiles on the floor. The Gallery of Mirrors is a large hall dedicated to the Medici family.
The building now houses the prefecture and the Riccardi Library.

Location: Via Cavour, 3.
Schedule: from 9-00 to 19-00, closes an hour earlier on weekends.
Entrance fee: 7 euros.

Bargello Palace

The austere appearance of the palace in the Gothic style resembles a fortress. It was built in the 13th century for the chief constable (as he would be called now). It also had a prison and guard barracks.
Later, the palazzo housed the Bargello National Museum, with one of the largest collections of works by great sculptors.

Location: Via del Proconsolo, 4.
Schedule: from 08-15 to 17-00.
Entrance fee: 9 euros.

University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze)

One of the oldest and most popular educational institutions in Italy. It was founded in the 13th century and has moved to and from Pisa more than once. The 15th century saw its heyday, when the main emphasis was placed on the faculties of medicine and law.

Currently, the university has 12 faculties and about 60 thousand students.

Useful maps and videos

Look interactive map with city sights:

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