Forepeak structure on a ship. Meaning of the word forepeak. The hull of a modern marine metal vessel and its main parts

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Meaning of forepeak

forepeak in the crossword dictionary

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

forepeak

m. The first bow compartment on the ship.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

forepeak

FORPEAKE (English forepeak, Dutch voorpiek) the outermost bow compartment of a ship, where a tank for ballast water is usually located.

Forepeak

(English forepeak, Dutch voorpiek), the outermost bow compartment of the ship. Because bow the vessel is most susceptible to damage, classification societies regulate the shortest length F. sea vessels. The F. is separated from the rest of the premises by a forepeak (collision) bulkhead. Usually water ballast is placed in the vessel, which increases the depth of the bow, which reduces wave impacts at the bottom of the ship.

Wikipedia

Forepeak

Forepeak- a room in the bow of the ship between the stem and the first bulkhead, the outermost bow compartment of the ship. Typically used to accommodate cargo or water ballast. The forepeak should not be confused with the forecastle.

Examples of the use of the word forepeak in literature.

Forepeak- bow and afterpeak - aft compartments of the vessel with watertight bulkheads.

The katerniki filled the lockers in the cockpits with food, forepeaks and afterpeaks, free passages.

The wooden bulkhead that separated forepeak from the bow hold, and the fire received new food - a load of boxes with textiles.

There are specially equipped rooms in the hull and superstructures of any vessel. The number, size and location of premises, as well as their equipment, are determined by the purpose and operating conditions of the vessels. There is no strict division of such premises, but, for example, the following groups can be distinguished: residential, office, household, sanitary and hygienic, public, special, auxiliary.

Living quarters for passengers are divided into luxury cabins, I, II and III classes or tourist class. Crew quarters consist of command and crew quarters.

Service premises include: administrative, main, auxiliary and deck machinery, various workshops, etc.

Domestic premises include beauty and hairdressing salons, storage rooms, benches, kiosks, etc.

Sanitary and hygienic premises combine an outpatient clinic, an operating room, an infirmary, showers, etc.

Public premises are considered to be music salons, cinema halls, discos, restaurants, cafes, buffets, etc.

Special rooms are cabins for various purposes, rowing electric motors, battery rooms, transformer rooms, air conditioning rooms, etc.

Auxiliary premises include linen rooms, carpentry rooms, laundries, drying rooms, storerooms, provisions rooms, and holds.

A general idea of the location of premises on dry cargo and oil tankers is given in Fig. 1.3 and 1.4. These ships have: cargo spaces for transporting general, bulk or liquid cargo. Such premises include tween decks, holds, and tanks. Storerooms for storing various equipment: painting, lamps, skippers, electrical equipment, etc.

Rice. 1.3. Location of premises on a dry cargo ship. 1 - tiller compartment; 2 - fresh water tank; 3 - after peak; 4 - engine room; 5 - refrigerated room; 6 - tweendeck; 7 - chain box; 8 - pantry; 9 - forepeak; 10, 12, 13 - deep tanks, 11, 14 - cargo holds; 15 - ballast tank; 16, 17 - fuel tanks; 18 - lubricating oil tank; 19 - feed water tank.

Rice. 1.4. Location of premises on an oil tanker.

1,2 - storage rooms; 3 - dry cargo hold; 4 - forepeak; 5 - deep tank; 6, 10 - rubber dams; 7 - pump room; 8 - cargo tanks; 9 - cargo pump room; 11 - fuel tank; 12 - engine room; 13 - feed water tank; 14 - after peak; 15 - aft tank; 16 - boiler room; 17 - tiller compartment;

18 - tanks of the second bottom.

The internal structure of powerful icebreaking ships, which represent the largest structures, is much more complex (Fig. 1.5). Everything necessary for working in difficult polar conditions is provided here. Their coloring is discussed in Chapter. 7.

Rice. 1.5. The internal structure of a large icebreaker.

1, 2 - bow and stern engine rooms, 3 - propulsion motor compartment; 4 - swimming pool; 5 - cargo hold; b - aft wheelhouse; 7 - helicopter hangar; 8 - painting; 9 - wheelhouse; 10 - dining room; 11 - provisions; 12 - anchor spire.

In connection with the intensive development of the North, a large number of barges, pushers, cargo, towing, core drilling, research, tankers, etc., designed for operation in Arctic conditions, have been built.

Gas carriers that transport liquefied gases are equipped with four to six spherical containers. Their upper part protrudes above the deck, giving the ship a unique profile (Fig. 1.6). Service, residential and auxiliary premises are concentrated in the aft superstructure, where the crew cabins are located.

Rice. 1. 6. Location of premises on a gas carrier. 1 - chain box; 2 - forepeak; 3 - drive motor compartment; 4 - compartment of cargo pumps and compressors; 5 - intermediate tank; 6 - spherical cargo tanks; 7 - engine room.

A characteristic feature of ships with horizontal cargo handling (ro-ro) is the presence of outboard ramps, lapports (side cutouts) through which loading and unloading operations are carried out, as well as wide decks, convenient for quickly stowing wheeled equipment - cars, trailers and other cargo being moved knurling (Fig. 1.7).

Rice. 1.7. Location of cargo spaces on a ro-ro ship: a - along the ship; b - on decks.

Ship premises are located in the main hull, superstructures and deckhouses.

main building

The main hull includes all spaces formed by the outer plating, the upper continuous deck, as well as decks, platforms, main transverse and longitudinal bulkheads and partitions located inside. There are rooms formed by the main hull structures - compartments and other ship spaces formed by enclosures and decks in superstructures, deckhouses, and also in the main hull.

The most important compartments of the hull include: the forepeak slope - the outermost bow compartment; tilt-terpeak - the outermost aft compartment; slope between bottoms - the space between the outer skin and the second bottom; tilted hold - the space between the second bottom and the nearest deck; tilted winddecks - spaces between adjacent decks of the main hull; tilted diptanks - deep tanks located above the second bottom; inclined cofferdams - narrow oil- and gas-tight dry compartments located between compartments or tanks for oil products and adjacent rooms; tilt compartments of main and auxiliary mechanisms; propeller shaft tilt tunnel - on ships with an engine room in the middle part of the ship, and the like. The presence of the above compartments on specific vessels is determined by the purpose and design of the vessel.

location of ship premises on a dry cargo ship:

1 - forepeak; 2 - chain box; 3 - deep tank; 4 - cargo hold; 5 - cargo twin-deck; 6 - double bottom space (double bottom); 7 - rubber dam; 8 - deep tank; 9 - engine room; 10 - propeller shaft corridor; 11 - afterpeak; 12 - poop (stern superstructure); 13 - middle superstructure; 14 - tank (bow superstructure); 15 - felling;

add-ons

The superstructures are located on the upper continuous deck of the main hull. They extend across the width of the vessel: either from side to side, or so that their sides are spaced from the sides by no more than 0.04 of the width of the vessel.

Superstructures serve not only to accommodate ship premises, but also to improve the seaworthiness of the vessel.

Bow superstructure - tilt tank reduces deck flooding;
Stern superstructure - the poop, increasing the freeboard in the stern, increases the buoyancy reserve and unsinkability of the vessel in case of damage aft end and trim of the vessel aft;
Middle superstructure increases buoyancy reserve.
Fellings differ from superstructures by being smaller in width. They are installed on the upper deck of the main hull or on superstructures (on warships, the deckhouses located on the upper deck are called superstructures).

ship premises

Depending on the purpose, all ship premises are divided into special, service, residential, public, consumer services, catering, sanitary and hygienic, medical purposes, workshops, ship supplies and fuel, water, oil and water ballast compartments.

Special rooms depending on the purpose of the vessel they serve: to accommodate cargo (cargo holds) - on cargo and cargo passenger ships; for special technological equipment for fish processing - on fishing vessels; for laboratories - on research vessels. Special ones also include hangars for placing helicopters on board ships and rooms for their maintenance.

Office premises are designed to ensure normal operation of the vessel as a floating structure. These include:
- premises of main and auxiliary mechanisms;
- premises for placing deck mechanisms and mechanisms of ship systems - tiller compartment, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing stations, remote cargo level measurement station, fuel receiving and dispensing stations, fan stations, air conditioning rooms, etc.;
- wheelhouses, navigation rooms and posts - steering room, navigation room, radio room, log and echo sounder room, gyrocompass room, fire stations, emergency stations, automatic telephone exchange, broadcast room, battery room, aggregate room, etc.;
- workshops - mechanical, plumbing, electrical, welding station, repair shop for watercraft, instrumentation, etc.;
- administrative premises - ship, engine room, cargo office, administrator's office, ship archive, dispatch room, etc.

Living spaces (cabins) are intended for permanent residence of the ship's crew and for accommodating passengers.

Crew quarters They are divided into command cabins and crew cabins, differing in location, area and equipment. Crew quarters designed to accommodate more than four people are usually called a forecastle.

Passenger cabins Depending on their location, area, number of seats and equipment, they are divided into luxury cabins, cabins of I, II and III classes. On most modern liners, class II and III cabins are usually replaced by one, so-called tourist class. On passenger ships of local lines, premises for seating are provided.

Public premises serve to organize and conduct various cultural events, collective recreation and meals for crew and passengers. This category includes public premises for the ship's crew and separate public premises for passengers, as well as areas on open decks and passage rooms.

TO crew public areas include the wardroom, officers' and crew's salons, command and crew canteens, command and crew canteens, smoking rooms, a gym, a swimming pool, a room for sports activities, a library, cabins public organizations. Large sea vessels have cinema halls.

TO public areas of passengers include restaurants, canteens, buffets, bars, cafes, salons (music, smoking, games, recreation), concert hall, gym, swimming pools, library with reading room, children's rooms. Outdoor deck areas include verandas, promenade decks, solariums, outdoor swimming pools (for adults and children), sports fields, dance floors and so on. Passage spaces include corridors, vestibules, lobbies, foyers, and enclosed promenade decks.

Household service premises equipped on passenger, expedition ships and large fishing vessels. These include: consumer service studios, hairdressers, beauty salons, photo studios, ship shops, kiosks, storage lockers and others. tilt The catering area is used for preparing and serving food to the crew and passengers, as well as for washing and storing tableware. There are galley rooms (galley for passengers, galley for crew, bakery, storage rooms for consumables for the galley and bakery) and preparatory rooms (cutting meat, fish, vegetables, bread slicer, pantry, dishwasher, pantry for dishes and table linen). tilt Sanitary and hygienic premises are divided into sanitary (laundries, drying, ironing, storage rooms for clean and dirty linen, disinfection chamber, work dress rooms) and sanitary and hygienic (men's and women's washrooms, showers, baths, baths, sanitary inspection rooms and toilets).

Medical premises include an outpatient clinic, doctor's surgery, operating room, X-ray, dental and other rooms (on ships with big amount passengers), infirmary, isolation ward, pharmacy, medical and sanitary storerooms. Typically, a complex of medical care facilities on ships is called a medical unit.

Ship stores and supplies premises serve for storing provisions, skipper, navigation and other ship supplies. These include:
- provision pantries, uncooled (for dry provisions, bread, flour) and refrigerated (for wet provisions, meat, fish, vegetables, dairy products, fats, canned food), as well as refrigerated chambers; - utility storage rooms - for storing carpets, walkways, covers, sports equipment, cleaning equipment;
- skipper's storerooms - skipper's, painting, lamp, carpentry, rigging, awnings and tarpaulins, sailing;
- navigational and navigational storerooms - navigational equipment, maps and other things;
- linen and clothing storage rooms.

Compartments and tanks are used to accommodate liquid cargo - oil, water, oil and water ballast. In addition to the compartments formed by the structures of the main hull and intended to accommodate the bulk of liquid cargo, ships also have tanks in which large, consumable reserves of fuel, water and oil are placed (the so-called loose tanks).

GENERAL LOCATION OF THE VESSEL

The general arrangement of the ship is understood as the general layout in the hull, superstructures and deckhouses of all premises intended to accommodate on the ship the main and auxiliary mechanisms, ship equipment, ship stores, transported cargo, crew and passengers, as well as all service posts, household, utility and sanitary premises. Their relative arrangement, layout and equipment depend mainly on the type and purpose of the vessel, the size of the vessel, as well as the requirements placed on it.

On vessels of the same type and similar in size, their general arrangement may be different, depending on customer requirements. However, recently in the world shipbuilding there has been a typification of ship premises, and first of all, residential and office premises.

location of ship premises

To orient the location of a particular room on a ship, the following names of decks and inter-deck spaces are adopted (Diagram 2).

names of decks and inter-deck spaces

1 - second bottom; 2 - second platform; 3 - first platform; 4 - third (lower) deck; 5 - second deck; 6 - upper deck; 7 - deck of the superstructure of the first tier (deck of the forecastle, poop deck, etc.); 8 - wheelhouse deck of the second tier (promenade deck); 9 - deckhouse deck of the third tier (boat deck); 10 - deckhouse deck of the IV tier (lower, navigation bridge); 11 - wheelhouse deck of the V tier (upper, navigation bridge).

In the building (from top to bottom): upper deck, second deck, third deck (on multi-deck ships the last deck is called the lower deck), second bottom.

In superstructures and deckhouses (from bottom to top): deck of the first tier of the superstructure (forecastle, poop, middle superstructure), deck of the second tier of the deckhouse, deck of the third tier of the deckhouse, and so on. Sometimes these terms are supplemented with names that characterize the purpose of the decks: pleasure deck, saloon deck, boat deck, sports deck, lower (navigation) bridge, upper (navigation) bridge.

The space between the outer lining of the bottom and the second bottom is called the inclination-inter-bottom space or double-bottom inclination. The space between the second bottom and the nearest deck is called the tilt-hold, the remaining spaces between decks are called the tilt-tween decks.

The position of the room along the length and width of the vessel is indicated, respectively, by the numbers of the frames that limit the room along the length, and the name of the side on which the room is located (starboard and left sides - PrB and LB).

Diagrams 3 and 4 show the location of the main groups of premises on a dry cargo ship and passenger ship. The general layout of a dry cargo vessel is described in the publication “Operational and Seaworthiness of the Vessel”.

layout of compartments and main premises of a dry cargo ship:

I - peaks; II - cargo compartments; III - double-bottom compartments; IV - deep tanks; V - compartments of main and auxiliary mechanisms;

layout of compartments and main premises of a passenger ship:

1 - deckhouse deck of the IV tier (upper bridge); 2 - deckhouse deck of the third tier (lower bridge); 3 - deckhouse deck of the second tier (boat deck); 4 - platform II; 5 - deck of the superstructure of the first tier (deck of the forecastle, poop deck); 6 - upper deck; 7 - platform I; 8 - second bottom; 9 - deck of the second tier of the superstructure (promenade deck); 10 - second deck (bulkhead deck); 11 - third deck;

special premises

Special rooms - cargo holds, rooms for processing and storing catch, etc. - occupy the bulk of the hull volume on cargo, cargo-passenger and fishing vessels. The layout of these premises is determined by the requirements for cargo operations, storage and placement of cargo, reception, processing and storage of catch, etc.
The location of special premises that determine the operational and economic performance of the vessel is subordinated to the location of all other ship premises.

office premises

Service premises are located throughout the ship, mostly in the hold, at the ends of the ship, in the deckhouses on the upper deck, in the forecastle and poop rooms, sometimes where it is prohibited to equip living quarters, for example, above the forepeak and afterpeak and below the waterline. Part of the navigation rooms - the helmsman's room, the navigation room, and the radio room - are located on the bridge; the log and echo sounder room is on the second day.

Workshops They are usually located in the area of machine and boiler rooms.

Living spaces

The crew's living quarters on cargo ships are, as a rule, located in the superstructure or under the upper deck of the main hull, but not below the waterline, mainly closer to the middle part of the ship, where pitching and vibration from operating propellers is least felt. The exception is cargo ships with a purely aft engine room: here all the living quarters of the ship's crew are located in the aft superstructure. On passenger ships, the crew's cabins are located in the bow, aft and below the passenger cabins, and the crew's cabins are located on one of the upper tiers of the superstructure, usually in the area of the wheelhouse (the tier below).

The captain's cabin is usually located on the starboard side on a tier below the pilothouse. All navigators' cabins are located here or below the tier; the cabins of the chief engineer, mechanics and engine crew are located as close as possible to the engine room; The deck crew's cabins are located on the starboard side, and the engine cabins on the port side.

passenger accommodation

Passenger living quarters on passenger ships are located, if possible, in the middle part, mainly in superstructures and in the upper tween decks of the main hull. Placing passenger cabins below the bulkhead deck is not recommended, and below the waterline is prohibited. Passenger cabins usually have natural light, but on large ships carrying large numbers of passengers there are cabins without natural light.

public areas

Used for public spaces best areas superstructures and decks with good review. Some public spaces - restaurants, theaters, indoor swimming pool, gym and the like - are installed in rooms that do not have natural light.

consumer service premises

Public service premises are located in the area of public premises, but they, as a rule, do not have natural light. The food service premises should be located close to the facilities they serve. Thus, a galley or bakery is placed near the crew mess, wardroom or restaurant, usually on the same deck, or under them, with a special elevator equipped for serving food from the galley to the pantry. In turn, provision pantries are located next to or one or two tiers below the galley. When locating provision storerooms, the convenience of loading provisions onto the ship using ship facilities must be taken into account.

sanitary facilities

Sanitary and hygienic premises are located in close proximity to residential premises or in the same block with them. The bath and laundry unit is located in the aft part of the hull below the upper deck, in an area not used for permanent human habitation.

medical block

The medical unit is located in the superstructure, usually in the middle part of the ship, away from the main main corridors and places where crew and passengers gather.

ship stores and supplies premises

The ship's stores and supplies are located in the area of residential and public premises (storerooms for cleaning equipment, carpets, walkways, covers, sports equipment), as well as in the area of open decks (storerooms for emergency equipment, diving equipment). Supplies of fuel, boiler feed water, oil, as well as water ballast are placed in double bottom compartments and in deep tanks, which are equipped in the area of the engine and boiler room and in the forepeak area. The forepeak and afterpeak are usually used as ballast tanks. Consumable fuel tanks are located in the area of the engine and boiler room. Supplies of fresh drinking water are stored in storage tanks.

When planning and equipping ship premises, the requirements for these premises depending on their purpose are taken into account.

Residential and public premises of the crew and passengers must be comfortable for the people on board the ship. These requirements are regulated by the Lloyd's Register Rules and are also established by the agencies operating the vessels. They determine the minimum area, cubic capacity and height of residential and public premises, as well as the range of equipment necessary to create normal living conditions. The width of passages, slope and width of ladders, fire-fighting structural measures and other safety requirements are also regulated.

The command personnel are accommodated in single cabins (diagram 5), and the cabins of the senior command personnel - the captain, the chief mate and the chief engineer - consist of an office, a bedroom and a bathroom with a lavatory. On big ships The captain's block also has a saloon.

layout of crew living quarters on a transport ship:

a - crew cabin; b - captain's block; c - crew cabin;

The crew is accommodated in single cabins and double cabins, which have everything necessary for a comfortable stay for people. Each cabin, in addition to soft single or bunk beds, has a sofa, chairs (armchair), wardrobes, a desk, a washbasin with hot and cold water(on modern supertankers - shower with toilet), air conditioning, comfortable lighting. All cabins must have natural light through the porthole.

Ship equipment is distinguished by its marine design, which, first of all, ensures the normal functioning of the equipment in rolling conditions. For this purpose, all ship furniture, which can be moved under normal conditions, has storm fastenings that securely fasten it to the deck during a storm. Ship berths must have a small lip to prevent them from falling off the berth when rocking. Low edges are also installed on the tables around the perimeter. On shelves, especially on shelves for dishes, fastening sockets should be made for each item. All other equipment - players, TVs, telephones, table lamps, etc. - are also equipped with a storm mount. For safe passage along the corridors, storm handrails are installed along the bulkheads. They provide reliable fastening of cabin doors, both in closed and open positions.

The crew's public premises, located near the cabins, are equipped in such a way as to provide the crew with good conditions for relaxation, eating and entertainment.

Even more comfortable living and public accommodations for passengers on passenger ships. Ocean cruise ships, which have recently been increasingly used for long-term trips sea travel, are equipped like the best modern hotels. Passengers are accommodated in single and double cabins with all amenities. For passengers, there are relaxation lounges, music and dance salons, smoking rooms, restaurants, cafes, bars, games rooms, a swimming pool, saunas, a gym, children's rooms, a library, a theater, etc. Marble, wood and new synthetic materials are widely used for finishing and equipping residential and public premises.

Particular attention is paid to the placement of open verandas, solariums, swimming pools, sports grounds, which occupy a significant area on the upper deck and superstructure decks in the aft part, protected from the wind.

recreational and sports decks and outdoor swimming pools cruise ship"Carnival Spirit"

On passenger ships, passenger accommodation and public areas are separated from those of the crew. Therefore, special attention is paid to communications, that is, the ways of movement of passengers and crew around the ship. Both should have access to “their” public premises, isolated from each other, and the crew, in addition, to their workplaces. For this purpose, special main corridors and stairways are equipped - separately for passengers and crew.

When planning a medical unit, special attention is paid to the convenience of transporting patients to and from the infirmary. The isolation room must have an entrance from the open deck through the vestibule. The bed in the isolation ward must be approached from three sides.

Special cargo spaces on cargo ships - cargo holds, occupying about 60 percent of the cubic capacity of the main hull, are equipped in accordance with their purpose. The length of cargo holds is taken to be as long as possible (within the limits of the requirements for ensuring unsinkability when one compartment is flooded). The inside of the cargo hold of a dry cargo ship is lined with wood:

Along the flooring of the second bottom from side to side - continuous flooring - overlay - made of boards about 50 mm thick, laid on bars (joists) running in the transverse direction, about 40 mm thick;
along the sides - with removable wooden beams with a cross-section of 50X200 mm - overlays - installed along the hold on top of the side frame at a distance of 200-300 mm from one another.

Rybinsy not only isolate the cargo from contact with the wet side, but also protect the cargo and the side from accidental damage. Cargo tween decks are also equipped in a similar way to holds.

On ships carrying cargo unloaded by grab, the wooden flooring in the holds is replaced by strengthening the second bottom flooring by at least 4 mm.

On ships transporting grain, temporary removable longitudinal bulkheads with a height equal to one third of the hold's height are installed in the cargo holds in their upper part. These bulkheads, called shifting boards, prevent grain from spilling onto one side when the ship is rocking, which could cause the ship to capsize. Shiftingboards are made from metal racks and embedded boards, or are provided as standard ones, and are made in the form of folding panels.

The internal surfaces of refrigerator holds are covered with heat-insulating material and sewn with light alloy sheets. Such holds are equipped with good ventilation and devices for stowing and securing cargo: cages on fishing refrigerators, shelves on fruit carriers, hooks under the ceiling for transporting meat, and the like.

Forepeak (English forepeak, Dutch voorpiek)

the outermost bow compartment of the ship. Since the bow of the ship is most susceptible to damage, classification societies (See. Classification Society) regulate the shortest length of the f. of sea vessels. The F. is separated from the rest of the premises by a forepeak (collision) bulkhead. Usually a water tank is placed in the F. Ballast , when taken, the depth of the bow increases, which reduces wave impacts at the bottom of the vessel.

Big Soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

Synonyms:

See what “Forepik” is in other dictionaries:

Forepeak… Spelling dictionary-reference book

- (Fore peak) the bow compartment on civil ships, located directly at the stem. Serves as a ballast tank for trimming the vessel. Samoilov K. I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR ... Marine Dictionary

- (English forepeak Dutch voorpiek), the outermost bow compartment of the ship, where the ballast water tank is usually located ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Forepik, forepik m. The extreme bow compartment of the ship, where the tank for ballast water is usually located. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 compartment (9) peak (23) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

forepeak- The extreme forward compartment of the main hull of a ship, extending from the stem to the forepeak bulkhead. [GOST 13641 80] Subjects: ships and vessels... Technical Translator's Guide

FORPIK, FORPIK, a; m. [English] forepeak] Mor. The outermost compartment of a ship, where a ballast water tank is usually located. * * * forepeak (English forepeak, Dutch voorpiek), the outermost bow compartment of the ship, where a tank for water is usually located ... encyclopedic Dictionary

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