Baths of Diocletian, Our Lady of the Sign. The Baths of Diocletian in Rome is a huge complex for water treatments. Where are the Baths of Diocletian located?

And the Baths of Trajan.
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This is what the baths looked like on the model.
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The model quite accurately corresponds to the plan of the thermal baths depicted in the ancient engraving.
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The thermal baths could accommodate up to 3,200 people; the gardens were decorated with fountains and pavilions. The water supply to the baths was carried out through the Aqueduct of Marcius.
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The decoration of the baths was also luxurious: marble cladding, unique mosaic floors, galleries with statues of gods and babbling fountains.
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The baths served not only as baths, they served as a place of relaxation, communication, and a center of cultural and social life of the city. Entrance to them was allowed to all free citizens. On the territory of the complex there were gardens with pavilions, fountains, marble sculptures, there were also meeting rooms, an amphitheater, a library and a gymnasium.
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Baths of Diocletian in modern form- this is the Republic Square, on the site of the central hall the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri was erected, some rooms are occupied by the National Roman Museum with a collection of Roman and Greek art. One of the round halls of the baths was rebuilt into the Church of San Bernardo alle Terme.
Part of the ruins was rebuilt as a museum in 1889.
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Thermal, or Diocletian, window is a window that is divided by two vertical posts (middles) into three compartments - the central one is wider and the side ones are narrower. Such windows are typical of the Roman baths of Diocletian. During the Renaissance, the great Italian architect Andrea Palladio revived thermal windows, reworking the ancient form into the so-called Venetian window. Since then, Diocletian's windows have become firmly established in the arsenal of techniques of Palladianism and its successors.
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Republic Square
Until the 1950s, the square was called Exedra. This name is still used among local residents. The old name comes from the large exedra of the Baths of Diocletian - a semicircular deep niche with a semi-dome. The shape of the ancient exedra is repeated in the colonnade that borders the square from the southwest. Semicircular palazzos with porticoes were erected in 1887-1898. designed by the architect Gaetano Coch. The facade of the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri overlooks the square. In the center of the square is the Naiad Fountain, created by sculptor Mario Rutelli in 1901.
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Naiad Fountain [41.9030117N 12.4984825E]
In the last decade of his pontificate, Pope Pius IX commissioned and financed the reconstruction of the ancient Aqueduct of Marcius, which had been badly damaged by the Goths in the sixth century and had remained unused ever since. The construction of the new aqueduct was entrusted in 1868 to the company "Acqua Pia Antica Marcia SpA", which was for a long time one of the main suppliers of water supply to the city. The aqueduct was planned to end with a large fountain. The first version of the fountain was built in 1870 in a slightly different place from where it is now. It was a simple large round pool, from which a large number of jets of water were knocked out, directed towards the center. The composition ended with five vertical jets of water, the central one being much higher. A few years later, in 1888, the architect Alessandro Guerriri completely changed the appearance of the fountain. It began to consist of three concentric circular cups on different heights, placed on an octagonal base. There was an attempt to install four lions, but it was unsuccessful and the project was abandoned. The next project, the work of sculptor Mario Rutelli, was built and opened in 1901. The Naiad Fountain was decorated with four nude female figures in bronze representing naiads: a Nymph of the lakes holding a swan, a Nymph of the rivers lying on a monster of the rivers, a Nymph of the underground waters lying on the back of a dragon, and a Nymph of the oceans riding a seahorse.
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In 1912, the fountain finally received its final appearance with the installation in the center of the Glauco group - a naked male figure capturing a dolphin and symbolizing man's dominion over natural force. The central stream of the fountain emerges from the dolphin's mouth. The work was fully opened in 1914.
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National Museum of Rome [41.9030157N 12.4984127E]
The National Roman Museum was opened in 1889. The National Roman Museum includes the Museum of the Baths, which houses a collection of famous ancient sculptures: “The Throne of Ludovisi”, “Disco Thrower”, “Fist Fighter”, “Gaul Killing His Wife” and many others, previously located in the Baths of Diocletian and Caracalla.
14. Entrance to the museum

The museum currently has one of the richest collections of ancient sculpture. The halls of the ancient baths of Diocletian display collections of inscriptions and sculptures.
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19. Collection of antique masks

Museum garden
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On the territory of the thermal baths in front of the entrance to the museum you can also see several very original sculptures.
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The halls of the museum display many ancient sculptures, tombstones, masks and other ancient exhibits.
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Great cloister
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In the center of the large cloister, among the green spaces, various animals are looking for something.
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Small cloister
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The National Roman Museum today is a complex of five objects dedicated to Roman history: the Baths of Diocletian, Palazzo Massimo, Palazzo Altemps, Balbi Crypt and the Palatino Museum. This museum is considered one of the best in terms of exhibition design, organization of work, and convenience for visitors. One by one entrance ticket you can visit 4 sites: Baths of Diocletian, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Palazzo Altemps, Balbi Crypt. The ticket is valid for 3 days.
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In 1563, by order of the pope, Michelangelo reconstructed the ruins of the central hall of the baths. The ruins were converted into the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli. The church is very interesting, with in-depth study of astronomy. A separate post will be dedicated to it, which I will publish in the near future.
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San Bernardo alle Terme [41.9036226N 12.4944699E]
San Bernardo alle Terme is a monastery church of the Cistercian order, dedicated to St. Bernard. The church building may have originally served as a spheristerium (ball game hall) that was part of the Baths of Diocletian. In 1593, this plot of land was bought by the niece of Pope Julius III and donated for the construction of the monastery. Its construction continued until 1598, the reconstruction of the church was completed in 1600.
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The structure of the church's dome is similar to the Pantheon, but is significantly smaller in diameter (only 22 m).
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Since 1670, the church has been titular; in the same year, the first restoration work was carried out: the interior decoration was updated, an organ was built in, the choir was improved, a fresco depicting St. Bernard. The last restoration was carried out in 2000. In the niches of the church there are 8 statues of saints by Camillo Mariani.
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51. Main altar

Altar of St. Bernard of Clairvaux
Altar of St. Bernard of Clairvaux is lavishly decorated with sculptures with ancient green columns. The altar painting "Vision of the Saints Flying in Ecstasy to Meet Jesus Being Descent from the Cross" by Italian artist Giovanni Odazzi replaced another canvas by Thomas Laureti.
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Altar of St. Abbot Roberio
Altar of St. Abbot Roberio, a pupil of the Holy Order of Cistercians, is decorated similarly to the altar of St. Bernard. The painting by Giovanni Odazzi depicts the Virgin and Child, St. John, St. Joseph and St. Roberto. Madonna puts a ring on her finger, a symbol of protection and devotion.
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Burial of Johann Friedrich Oberbeck, leader of the Nazarenes, artist, graphic artist and illustrator.
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In addition, very close to the Baths of Diocletian you can see a couple of attractions.
Obelisk of Dogali [41.9021613N 12.4974632E]
This is one of two obelisks brought from Heliopolis. The second is now installed in the Boboli Gardens in Florence. Initially, the monument was brought to the Temple of Isis in Rome. Found in 1883 by Rodolfo Lanziani near Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Currently, the monument is dedicated in honor of the battle near Dogali. The location of the modern obelisk changed from the square in front of Termini Station to its current location in 1924.
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Statue of John Paul II a work by Oliviero Rainaldi entitled Conversazioni (conversations) installed on March 18, 2011. Behind the "back" of the monument is the central bus station Rome (Termini station).
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Finally, for a better understanding, I suggest watching a video with a three-dimensional model of the ancient baths of Diocletian.

The ruins of ancient Roman baths - the Baths of Diocletian - were erected in the distant years 298-305 AD. IN modern Rome these ancient baths belong to. In addition to the baths, the museum includes three more objects, located separately: , Balbi crypt and.

History of the Baths of Diocletian

The Roman emperor Gaius Diocletian wanted to build the largest baths, which no others could compare with. This is how the baths appeared total area which, together with the gardens, occupied about 13 hectares.

Since 537, after the destruction of the aqueduct by the Ostrogothic king Vitiges, the baths no longer functioned as intended.

In 1563, on behalf of Emperor Pius IV, Michelangelo carried out a large-scale reconstruction of the Diocletian Baths. So the caldarium term was reincarnated into a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary, angels and martyrs. The building of the Carthusian monastery was built. Thanks to such diligent reconstruction, these ancient Roman baths have survived to this day much better than others.

The Baths of Diocletian could simultaneously accommodate up to 3 thousand people. Very extensive gardens were decorated with fountains and pavilions. On the territory there were halls for holding meetings and sports exercises, and there was a library.

Museum at the Baths of Diocletian

Since 1889, the baths have housed a collection of Roman and Greek art. Overall, there is a lot to see and admire.

In the Baths Museum you will see not only Michelangelo’s masterpieces brought to life in the church and monastery, but also ancient statues, sarcophagi, reliefs, altars, tombs and much more.

How to get there

The Baths of Diocletian in Rome are located next to the Republic Square. Opposite Rome's main train station, Termini.

Working hours: The thermal baths museum can be visited from Tuesday to Sunday, from 9:00 to 19:30. The ticket price is 7 euros. Persons from 18 to 25 years old – 3.5 euros. On the first Sunday of every month, admission is free for visitors under 18 years of age. The ticket price includes admission to the rest of the National Museum of Rome. The ticket is valid for 3 days.

The Baths of Diocletian, the construction of which was completed in 303 AD, occupied an area of ​​13 hectares and could simultaneously accommodate 3 thousand people. In addition to swimming pools with hot and cold water, there were halls for philosophical debates, a library, an amphitheater, and around there were gardens with fountains and pavilions.

Little remains of the rich interior decoration today, but still the Baths of Diocletian were lucky: their ruins were transformed into such architectural masterpieces as the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli, designed by Michelangelo, and the Church of San Bernardo alle Terme. Other restored premises were transferred to the National Museum of Rome, whose exhibition contains an excellent collection of ancient sculptures.

Helpful information

Where are the Baths of Diocletian located?

The address of the Baths of Diocletian (the original name is Terme di Diocleziano) is as follows: Viale E. de Nicola, 79, Rome, Italy.

How to get to the Baths of Diocletian

The Baths of Diocletian are located on Via Enrico De Nicola, building no. 79. The landmark is the Termini railway station - the entrance to the Baths is just opposite it. The most convenient way to get here is by metro, line T.

Operating mode of the Baths of Diocletian

The baths open at 9:00 and close at 19:45. Day off is Monday.

Entrance fee

Unfortunately, only ruins remain of many ancient sights of the capital of Italy, but even what has survived and been restored amazes tourists with its scale. The Baths of Diocletian are the name of the ancient Roman public baths. This is a whole complex of structures that have never been equal in size and technical equipment in the empire.

The history of the creation of the Baths of Diocletian in Rome

By order of Emperor Diocletian, the construction of baths in " eternal city"began in 298. Seven years later, the complex was completely finished and consecrated in honor of Caesar. The structures were located on a huge territory of 13 hectares and could simultaneously accommodate about three thousand visitors. The Roman Baths of Diocletian included three thousand baths and three large pools, the water of which was supplied from underground aqueducts.

The interior decoration of the complex was no less luxurious:

  • unique mosaic floors;
  • marble cladding;
  • babbling fountains;
  • statues of gods.

Termi Diocleziano was a favorite holiday destination for the Romans. They performed not only the functions of baths, but also served as cozy place for communication, a hotbed of social and cultural life Rome. Entry was allowed to all free citizens. On the territory of Diocletian's baths, fountains, marble sculptures were built, and gardens with pavilions were laid out. There were also meeting rooms, a library, an amphitheater and a gymnasium.

The legend says that the Baths of Diocletian in Rome were built by Christians condemned to death and the construction of the complex took 10 years. During the Roman Empire, baths were open to men, women and children. The Romans came to the complex to relax, relax, chat with each other or take a walk. More active townspeople visited the Baths of Diocletian to play sports games and engage in wrestling.

The baths had several rooms for different types of procedures:

  • taking cold baths in a cool room (frigidarium);
  • hot, like modern saunas;
  • warm, to preheat the body.

In the mid-16th century, the Goths destroyed the Roman aqueduct, and the Baths of Diocletian fell into disrepair. Over time, the complex began to deteriorate, until in 1563, by order of Pontiff Pius IV, the famous Michelangelo transformed the structure. The cozy monastery courtyard, designed by the architect, now houses more than 400 exhibits from the times of imperial Rome and many ancient sculptures.

Baths of Diocletian at present

At the end of the 19th century, part of the complex was reconstructed. Currently, this part of the Baths of Diocletian houses the National Museum of Rome. Its archaeological heritage is considered one of the richest in the entire world and consists of finds found in the baths, as well as various collections of Roman and Greek art. On the territory of the baths, Michelangelo harmoniously placed the Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli, built in the Renaissance style.

The Palazzo Altemps, in addition to the Baths of Diocletian, is one of the main sites national museum Rome. There are 104 sculptures from the ancient era, collections belonging to Cardinals Ludovisi, Altemps and the Princes of Mattei. The palace was built to a design by Melozzo da Forli in the 15th century on the Campus Martius near Piazza Navona.

Another remarkable palace was erected by the architect Camilo Pistrucci in 1883-1887. On the ground floor there is a numismatic collection, on the other three there are antique paintings, sculptures and mosaics. Particularly memorable are the frescoes with painted birds, trees and flowers from the winter triclinium, which previously decorated the villa of Augustus’s wife, Livia. The pride of the national museum is considered to be works from the Villa Farnesina and sarcophagi. “Gal Ludovisi” is also a must-see at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome. This is a marble copy of a large triumphal monument, showing the scene of Gall killing his wife. The sculpture is filled with expression and is made with complete detail of what is happening.

How to get to the Baths of Diocletian

The complex is located on Via Enrico de Nicola (Enrico De Nicola). Most convenient way to get to the Baths of Diocletian - use the metro. You should get off at one of the stations - Termini or Republic (Repubblica), and then walk a few hundred meters. Another option to get to the ancient Roman baths is to take a bus (there are several routes) to the Cernaia stop.

Tourists can visit the Baths of Diocletian in Rome on any day except Monday. Opening hours from 9.00 to 19.45. Please note that the ticket office closes half an hour before the complex closes. Not far from the ancient Roman baths is the Baroque church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, which will also be attractive to tourists.

Baths of Diocletian

The Baths gave their name to Diocletian's windows

Baths of Diocletian- ruins of ancient Roman baths near the modern Republic Square in Rome.

Construction of the thermal baths began in the year. In the year they were consecrated in honor of Diocletian. Baths with an area of ​​more than 13 hectares. built according to a plan similar to the baths of Caracalla and Trajan. The buildings could accommodate up to 3 thousand people, the gardens were decorated with fountains and pavilions, and there was also a library, meeting rooms and sports exercise rooms on the territory.

The Baths of Diocletian in its modern form is the Republic Square (gardens), on the site of the central hall the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri was erected, some rooms are occupied by the National Roman Museum ( Museo Nazionale Romano, c.) with a collection of Roman and Greek art, one of the round halls was rebuilt into the Church of San Bernardo alle Terme, part of another hall is located between Viminale and Piazza dei Cinquecento.

Links

Literature

  • Heinz-Joachim Fischer: Rom. Zweieinhalb Jahrtausende Geschichte, Kunst und Kultur der Ewigen Stadt. DuMont Buchverlag, Köln 2001, ISBN 3-7701-5607-2.

Wikimedia Foundation.

2010.

    See what “The Baths of Diocletian” is in other dictionaries: - (Latin thermae, from the Greek thermуs warm, hot), in Ancient Rome public baths, which were also public and sports facilities. How the type of buildings developed by the 2nd century. BC e. In addition to hot (caldarium), warm... ...

    Art encyclopedia - [terms], term, units. no (Latin thermae from Greek thermos hot) (source). Baths in ancient Rome. Baths of Diocletian. “In the nearby baths, I let my body be thoroughly anointed.” Bryusov. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ...

    Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

    Provincial baths in the resort of Bath, England ... Wikipedia I Baths (Latin thermae, from Greek thermós warm, hot) public baths in Ancient Rome; They were also public, entertainment and sports institutions. As a type of building T, its main features developed during the period of the republic to the 2nd century ... Big

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    - ... Wikipedia Thermal Baths - in Dr. Rome society. baths, which also sports, society. cultural and will amuse you. establishment T. played the role of clubs where concentration. society life and where the citizens of Rome spent it means. of the time. Arose in the 2nd century. BC. (Stabian T... Ancient world

    . encyclopedic Dictionary - (thermae, Jermai) the ancient Romans initially had natural sources of warm and hot water, as well as simple cold and warm baths (balineae, balneae), apparently maintained by private individuals, later, in the era of emperors, extensive... ...

    Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron Antique. The Knossos Palace on Crete, dating back to the Bronze Age (1st half of the 2nd millennium BC), had portable clay footbaths or seated baths, as well as at least one stone basin for washing the feet of travelers. Big... ...

    Collier's Encyclopedia - (thermae, θέρμαι) among the ancient Romans there were initially natural sources of warm and hot water, as well as simple cold and warm baths (balineae, balneae), apparently maintained by private individuals, later, in the era of emperors, extensive ...

    - ... Wikipedia Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron Ancient world. Dictionary-reference book.

 

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