Building in Mikhailovsky Garden. Story. How has the Mikhailovsky Garden changed?

View of the Mikhailovsky Castle from the Mikhailovsky Garden.

An excellent example of landscape gardening art, it is one of the oldest and at the same time most popular parks in the city. And this is understandable - being surrounded by the most famous sights of St. Petersburg, the Mikhailovsky Garden literally stands at the crossroads of all roads. Surprisingly, it harmoniously combines a central location and mesmerizing silence. Over the many years of its existence, the garden changed its name several times, without ever changing its main purpose - to give relaxation and inspiration.

Historical reference

Before Russia conquered the lands where the Mikhailovsky Garden is now located from Sweden, this was the hunting ground of one of the Swedish landowners. Therefore, for the first time after Peter the Great gave this territory to his wife Catherine, the site was called the Swedish Garden. Having started to improve it, the first thing they did was drain the area. For this purpose, a ditch was used to connect two rivers, Myu (now Moika) and Krivusha (on the site of which is now the Griboyedov Canal).

Not long before this, a foundation was laid nearby, which at that time was divided into two parts: the First and Second Summer. Without hesitation, the former Swedish Garden was renamed the Third Summer Garden.

Soon a house topped with a golden spire was erected here for the queen, which was immediately dubbed the “Golden Mansions.” Accordingly, the garden began to be called Her Majesty’s Garden or simply Tsaritsyn.

After this, the development of the park area began to gain momentum. In those years, the garden was much larger and extended almost to . To the south of the “Golden Mansion” they dug ponds in which they began to raise fish, and to the east they built cellars for storing food supplies and wine. Walking paths were laid along the banks of the Moika and Fontanka, and shrubs and fruit trees began to be planted. The highlight of the Tsyritsyn Garden were the nightingales. They were brought here for settlement from the best “nightingale” places in the Moscow, Novgorod and Pskov provinces.

Since 1718, at the behest of Peter I, the care of the garden was entrusted to the Hanoverian gardener Gaspar Vocht, who had already proven himself by establishing the Apothecary Garden, the First and Second Summer Gardens. His whole family arrived with him, as well as a number of seedlings: roses, peas, meadowsweet, and greenery. He also ordered Swedish apple trees, Kyiv hornbeams, and Solikamsk cedars. Soon the estate was surrounded by a luxurious English-style landscape park. Greenhouses were built near the mansions, and alleys that looked like green corridors were laid to the outbuildings (stable, barn, gardener's house).

In the 40s of the 18th century, a new owner appeared at the garden, Elizaveta Petrovna. According to her orders, part of the garden was made according to the French fashion - that is, regular. Here, additionally shaped ponds were dug, sculptures were placed along the alleys, and regular flower beds and graceful pavilions appeared.

Since the 20s of the 19th century, the garden has changed again. After the construction of the Mikhailovsky Palace, the garden was given its current name. It also partially returns to the familiar style of the English park. By the end of the century, after the palace was settled in the building, the garden became publicly accessible.

Illiterate use of the park led to the fact that by the end of the twentieth century it had largely lost its original luxurious appearance. With the advent of the new century, work began on its reconstruction in the Mikhailovsky Garden. Everything possible has been done to restore the beautiful landscapes for which the park has always been famous.

Mikhailovsky Garden: our days

Currently we can enjoy the amazing views that the Mikhailovsky Garden gives us. Restored on an area of ​​9.4 hectares, the park today looks almost the same as it did 180 years ago. The first step was to return the pond to the park, which was once filled in. After this, the unique openwork cast-iron bridge was reconstructed - it was recreated according to the drawing, on which the autograph of the great architect Rossi was preserved. By the way, some fragments of this bridge, which was considered completely lost, were found when they were excavating a backfilled pond. Now the Rossi Bridge is the only one in St. Petersburg that has original cast iron structures and arched elements.

Mikhailovsky Garden.

The Rossi Pavilion has also been restored on the Moika embankment. It consists of two square rooms connected by an elegant colonnade. Half-columns located on the side parts visually lengthen the building.

The garden has returned to its typical benches and fencing. The benches were recreated according to old drawings. The unique fence of the Mikhailovsky Garden was completely restored - recognizable and beautiful. Its unique appearance is given by figured columns made of light red decorative bricks and a forged lattice with floral patterns. On one of the fragments of the fence, approximately in the place where the assassination attempt was made on Emperor Alexander II, there is a memorial plaque reminiscent of this event. The splendor of the park began to be illuminated by new installed lamps, also made in the spirit of former times, and some trees also began to be illuminated.

Then it was time to restore the luxurious English meadow and the vegetation of the park as a whole: new flower beds were laid out in the garden, missing trees and shrubs were planted. In total, about 3,000 bushes were planted, mostly flowering species. The area of ​​the new flower beds was almost 2 hectares. Some of the plantings that were badly damaged had to be removed, while some of the old trees that had the opportunity to be preserved were treated. Many of them had reached 200 years of age by this time. According to historical documents, in the reconstructed garden, in its western part, the linden alley was restored.

Now there are more than 1,200 trees growing in the park. The predominant species are linden, Norway maple, oak and elm. There are also chestnuts, larches, rowan trees, ash trees and Manchurian nuts - about ten specimens of each type. In addition, in the garden you can find birch, bird cherry and apple trees. There are two types of willows (white and goat) and three more types of maples: Tartarian, ash-leaf and sugar maple.

For some time now, the Mikhailovsky Garden has become the most “spring” park in St. Petersburg. Many of the first spring flowers bloom in its flower beds every year. Entire meadows of primroses bloom here: crocuses, muscari, daffodils, tulips. Some of them are planted in neat flower beds, while others simply run rampant among the lawn!

At any time of the year, the vast lawn adjacent to the Russian Museum looks solemn and majestic. In order for it to acquire all the qualities of real English, several types of herbs are sown on it, which complement each other.

Mikhailovsky Garden has now become one of the most well-kept parks Northern capital. Every summer it hosts the “Imperial Gardens of Russia” festival, where masters of landscape design share their ideas. Since the park itself is designed in the English style, it has become a tradition to invite members of the British royal family to festivals.

Where is it and how to get there

  • Usually they get to the Mikhailovsky Garden from the Nevsky Prospekt metro station. Then the path to it will run along Mikhailovskaya Street and further through Mikhailovsky Square.
  • Or, again, from the Nevsky Prospekt metro station along the embankment of the Griboyedov Canal, you can get to the park from the side of the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood.
  • Also, from the Gostiny Dvor metro station you can walk to the Mikhailovsky Garden along Sadovaya Street and enter it from the side of the pond.

Embankment fences. Park fences. Palace gates. In St. Petersburg, these concepts acquire special meaning. Great masters of architecture created fences, bars, fences and gates of amazing beauty in St. Petersburg.

The fence of the Mikhailovsky Garden in a semicircle outlines the passage near the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, separating it from the territory of the garden, and stretches from the Benois building on the embankment of the Griboyedov Canal to the Moika River. Figured pillars lined with yellow decorative bricks and metal lattice links made of wrought iron with large floral patterns characteristic of early modernism. The ornate design goes very well with the elegant appearance of the nearby cathedral.


The fence was built in 1904-1907. designed by the artist E.K. Kverfeldt. According to other sources, the fence was created according to a drawing by the architect AA. Parland - the author of the temple building.


Mikhailovsky Garden is one of the most famous and well-maintained park areas St. Petersburg.
On the south side, the Mikhailovsky Garden is limited by the Mikhailovsky Palace, the Ethnographic Museum and the Benois Wing.
On the eastern side the park abuts Sadovaya Street (across the road is Mikhailovsky Castle), on the northern side the Moika River and the Field of Mars, on the western side the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood.


Before St. Petersburg was founded, the territory where the Mikhailovsky Garden is located belonged to a Swedish landowner.
After the victory, Peter decided to build an estate on this site for his wife.
The palace was called “Golden Mansions”. A garden was laid out around it, unofficially called Tsaritsyn, or Her Majesty's Garden.
It stretched almost all the way to the “Big Perspective”, between the rivers Erik (now Fontanka) and the Glukhaya River or Krivushi (Ekaterininsky, and now the Griboyedov Canal).

At one time, the Mikhailovsky Garden bore the name "Third Summer garden".
This happened after the real Summer Garden was divided into two parts and named, respectively, the First and Second Summer Gardens.
The “third” was designed to provide the empress with maximum pleasure. To begin with, fifty nightingales, caught and brought to St. Petersburg from the forests of the provinces, were settled in it.


In the east there were wine cellars. Fish were raised in five specially dug ponds. And, of course, berries and fruits.
It turned out to be quite large, as they would say today, “a royal garden plot.”
Gardener Gaspar Focht was sent from Hannover specifically to care for the garden. He was also in charge of the Apothecary, First and Second Summer Gardens.


Construction began here in 1741 Summer Palace(it stood in the place where the Mikhailovsky Castle is now located).
When the empress settled in Letny, the garden received a regular layout. Trees and bushes were trimmed, marble sculptures were installed in the alleys, old and newly created ponds were given a shaped shape.
Flower beds were laid out along the banks, flower beds were arranged, and pavilions were built. Amusement attractions were installed in the center, and even a separate bathhouse was built.


In 1796, the new Emperor Paul the First demolished the Tsarina’s old chambers and built himself the Mikhailovsky Castle on this site, and on the south side the Tsar decided to complete the palace for his son.
But the conspiracy interrupted these plans for 20 years. Only in 1817, according to the project of Karl Rossi, the construction of the Mikhailovsky Palace, conceived by Paul, began.
When it was completed, the former Third Summer Garden, after the name of the palace, also became known as the Mikhailovsky Garden.


The new owner of the palace and garden was the wife of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, Elena Pavlovna.
Following the fashion, the garden was made landscape. Fish ponds were filled in near the palace and an English lawn was created. In place of the vegetable gardens, paths were laid for horse riding, which was a hobby for the great princes.


On the first day of spring 1881, the garden received dubious fame. Not far away, on the embankment of the Catherine Canal, Alexander II was mortally wounded.
A chapel was built at the site of the events, and then a temple called “Savior on Spilled Blood.”
The cathedral was separated from the park, and this is how the trellis of the Mikhailovsky Garden appeared, which became one of the most beautiful in the city.

The garden was opened for public visits in 1898. True, by that time its territory had shrunk somewhat, as part of it had gone under the building Ethnographic Museum.


There was a sign on the gate that prohibited soldiers from entering, as well as dogs from walking.


After the revolution, the garden was completely abandoned.
They remembered him in 1924. Then they cleaned the ponds, planted new trees, and repaired the fence.


In 1939, a sports ground, a stage, and several sculptures were installed in the Mikhailovsky Garden.

Gate of the Mikhailovsky Garden

During the Siege, many sculptures were buried on the territory of the Mikhailovsky Garden, one of them was an equestrian statue of Alexander the Third.

In 1999, the territory was transferred to the Russian Museum, and at the beginning of the 21st century it was reconstructed again, giving the layout features of the 18th century. The paths envisaged by Carl Rossi's project were re-laid.

Today the garden is magnificent and suitable for walking. True, almost nothing has survived from the ancient buildings.

There is only the Russian pavilion, which was a mooring wall for small boats of the imperial family.



Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg is one of the most popular and well-maintained parks, which is located in the very center of the city. In this rare monument of landscape architecture XVIII- the beginning of the 19th century, two uniquely connected on one territory different style landscape art - regular or French, and landscape art, English. The park is also characterized by the architectural harmony of the embodied plan of the great architect Carlo Rossi - the unity of the building of the Mikhailovsky Palace and the natural landscape of the Mikhailovsky Garden. The garden is protected as an object cultural heritage federal significance.

Area: 10 hectares

Where is

The territory of the garden is limited by Sadovaya Street, the Moika River and the Griboyedov Canal. To the south of the Mikhailovsky Garden is the Mikhailovsky Palace, as well as the buildings of the Ethnographic Museum and the Benois Wing. Near the northwestern part of the Mikhailovsky Garden is the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood.

Entrance to the garden

Visitors can enter from Sadovaya Street or from the Griboyedov Canal embankment. Entry cost: free.

Story

The Mikhailovsky Garden appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, by decision of Peter I, simultaneously with the Summer Garden. At first it was called the Third Summer Garden, because the first two gardens belonged to the Tsar, and in this one they began to build a castle for the Tsarina, Catherine I. The master plan of the three Summer Gardens was completed by order of the Tsar by the architect Jean-Baptiste Leblond. In those years, the garden area was larger than it is today, and planners had to drain the site by constructing additional channels to drain the water.

On the current site of the Rossi Pavilion, a compact Catherine Palace with a golden spire, which was called the “Golden Mansion”. Fruit trees and berry bushes were planted around, and pineapples and bananas were grown in greenhouses. Nightingales caught in three provinces were brought to the garden. Alleys in the form of green corridors alternated with ponds in which live fish were bred.

Anna Ioanovna III, having become king, started a large-scale reconstruction of the garden, allocating a large place for hunting wild boars, hares and deer - the Jagdgarten. Special galleries were built for hunters, the stone walls of which protected them from stray bullets. With her, a soap house appeared in the garden - an imperial bath with a fountain and rooms for relaxation.

Years later, Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli built the Summer Palace and a labyrinth garden with a main alley leading to Nevsky Prospekt for Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The garden was laid out in the then fashionable regular style, with cross-shaped alleys, topiary trees, fountains and marble statues. Flowerbeds were also laid out in the garden and pavilions, gazebos and slides with swings were installed.

In 1817, construction began on the Mikhailovsky Palace, after which the garden began to be called Mikhailovsky. It was redesigned again, trying to give it a more natural, “landscape” character. Instead of fish ponds, an English lawn appeared, and vegetable gardens were replaced by paths for horse riding. And on the site of the “Golden Mansion,” the architect Rossi built a pavilion-pier for small boats of the imperial family.

Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich settled in the palace with his wife Elena Pavlovna, who often organized extensive high-society festivities in the garden. The Mikhailovsky Garden was opened to the public in 1898, 3 years after it was transferred to the Museum of Emperor Alexander III. True, according to the sign on the gate, not everyone could visit the garden: soldiers and dogs were prohibited from entering.

Forged lattice of the Mikhailovsky Garden

In 1881, Narodnaya Volya mortally wounded Emperor Alexander II on the embankment of the Catherine Canal, near the Mikhailovsky Garden. In memory of the tragedy, the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ, known as the “Savior on Spilled Blood,” was built on this site. In order to separate the temple from the Mikhailovsky Garden, an artistic lattice was made in the Art Nouveau style, which is an interweaving of fancy large flowers and leaves, decorated with gilded details. Forged elements of the fence alternate with columns, flowerpots and urns, and a memorial plaque is placed at the site where Alexander II was wounded.

Video review of the Mikhailovsky Garden fence

Modern garden life

In 1999, the Mikhailovsky Garden was transferred to the State Russian Museum. Since then, a gradual reconstruction of the garden has been underway with the goal of returning it to the appearance intended by Carlo Rossi. Over the years, new trees were planted, and paths were removed that distorted the architect’s original plan. A bust of Karl Rossi appeared near the Rossi Pavilion, and busts of artists Karl Bryullov and Alexander Ivanov, copying original sculptural works of the 19th century, were also installed in the garden.

Events in the Mikhailovsky Garden

Public events such as concerts and festivals are regularly organized in the garden. Every summer in the Mikhailovsky Garden is held summer festival"Imperial Gardens of Russia", which demonstrates original ideas in the field of landscape design. Members of the British royal family, who are related to the Russian imperial house, came more than once to look at the work of professionals and amateur gardeners.

In 2018, for the first time, not Mikhailovsky, but the Summer Garden was chosen as the venue for the XI festival “Imperial Gardens of Russia” (from June 21 to 27). According to the organizers, the transfer of the venue to the favorite garden of Peter I is symbolic of the celebration of 300 years since the publication of Peter’s decree on holding assemblies. In June 2019, in the Mikhailovsky Garden you could show your creativity in creating costumes as part of the inclusive project “Art Transformations”.

Exhibitions in the Mikhailovsky Garden

In 2017, as part of the “Imperial Gardens of Russia” festival, an exhibition of Russian avant-garde art was held in the garden. And in May-June 2018, visitors to the Mikhailovsky Garden could admire designer benches painted by artists who participated in the international action"Peace Shop"

How to get to the Mikhailovsky Garden

The garden is located in central region St. Petersburg, so you can get to it from different parts of the city by choosing the most convenient route urban transport.

Not far from the entrance to the Mikhailovsky Garden there are public transport stops: bus: No. 3, No. 22, No. 27, No. 49, K212, trolleybus: No. 5, No. 22 and tram: № 3.

From Metro Gostiny Dvor"(Nevsko-Vasileostrovskaya or green line): go towards Gostiny Dvor, onto Sadovaya Street. Go straight, after about 350 m the lattice of the Mikhailovsky Garden will be visible on the left.

From metro station "Nevsky Prospekt"(Moscow-Petrogradskaya or blue line): exit towards the Griboyedov Canal, along the embankment and pass the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood. Then walk along the fence of the Mikhailovsky Garden to the entrance.

From Palace Square: go towards the Moika River embankment near the Pevchesky Bridge. After crossing the bridge, turn left. Then follow the embankment, skirting Konyushennaya Square, to the second Garden Bridge.

On car: the garden is located opposite the Mikhailovsky Castle, you need to go by car to Sadovaya Street.

On Taxi: It is convenient to get to the Mikhailovsky Garden using taxi ordering applications operating in St. Petersburg (Yandex. Taxi, Uber, Gett, Maxim).

Video review of the Mikhailovsky Garden

Mikhailovsky Garden on Google Panorama

The Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg is one of the most amazing park areas of 18th century architecture. The complex is unique in that it combines two styles: landscape and regular. Peter the Great is considered the founder of the park. The Emperor gave it the name “Summer Garden”. Today the park area is 10 hectares.

This garden in St. Petersburg was given a special status: the monument was created by the famous architect of those times, Carl Rossi.

Historical reference

Three centuries ago, on the territory of the park we are interested in there were settlements of peasants, as well as the hunting grounds of Captain Kanau. But in 1716, the great Emperor of Russia Peter I gave a decree on the construction of the General Plan of the three Summer Gardens to the city planner Jean-Baptiste Leblond. The first two parks were located on the lands of this Summer Garden. The third was the current Mikhailovsky Garden.

In fact, Leblon combined the plots into a giant garden and park complex. Peter the Great personally approved the plans he conceived. The layout of the palace was 98% identical to the central part of the top of Peterhof. Spruces grew there, and gardeners shaped them into pyramids. The avenue of chestnut trees led in a straight line to the parterre with a pergola (trellis gazebo).

During the first period of its existence in the southwest, the Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg was planned as a regular garden. Experts grew fruit trees, medicinal herbs and healthy roots there. Greenhouses and greenhouses were built on the territory of the garden in which exotic plants and fruits grew.

Innovations of Elizabeth - daughter of Peter

The emperor's daughter, Elizaveta Petrovna, in 1741 instructed the outstanding architect of that time to create new project on the lands of the palace of Catherine the First. This project was prepared by the architect in the spring of 1743. Mikhailovsky Garden (St. Petersburg) was a labyrinthine park filled with fountains and sculptures.

The reverse side of the palace was planned by Rastrelli in the form of another garden, on the territory of which the architect designed two ponds in the shape of figures, and also placed a fountain and a flower garden in the form of patterned lace. The lands were planned taking into account the clarity of geometric shapes, straight and intersecting alleys. And in the center they dug five rectangular ponds.

Mikhailovsky Palace

When he ascended the Russian throne, the Summer Garden again underwent a lot of changes. In 1787, the palace in the park was demolished. And by 1801, by order of Paul I, architects erected the Mikhailovsky Palace.

This castle is similar impregnable fortress. It has drawbridges, the walls of the palace are surrounded by ditches of three canals:

  • Voskresensky.
  • Church.
  • Obvodny.

At this time, the Summer Garden received its modern new name - Mikhailovsky, or Upper Summer Garden. The layout was not changed at that time. But after the death of Paul the First, the autocrat’s family left the castle, and the parks and canals fell into disrepair. A few years later, in 1822, the palace was transferred to the Main Engineering School.

Attractions nearby

As you already understand, the Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg is located in the historical center of the Northern capital. Therefore, plan your trip to the park carefully, because it is surrounded by museums, temples and monuments.

List of attractions nearby:

  • Russian Museum - 125 m.
  • Ethnographic Museum - 222 m.
  • Engineering castle - 241 m.
  • Spas-on-Blood - 246 m.
  • Mikhailovsky Theater - 301 m.
  • Arts Square (monument to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin) - 303 m.
  • Theater Bridge - 306 m.
  • Monument to Peter the Great from Rastrelli - 308 m.

Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg is a cultural heritage site Russian Federation. This status was assigned to the park for its centuries-old history. In three centuries he has seen a lot. Three hundred years ago there were hunting grounds there that belonged to the Swedish captain Kanau. And the openwork lattice fence of the park is another work of art. It is an interweaving of leaves and flowers in Art Nouveau style. It is supported by 36 columns, decorated on top with urns and flowerpots. During the Great Patriotic War, trenches were dug in the park to hide not only soldiers, but also sculptures of the Russian Museum from bullets. Today the park complex is 10 hectares of flowering and fragrant lawns.

Come to St. Petersburg - a place worthy of attention!

The Mikhailovsky Garden is perhaps the most famous park in the central part of St. Petersburg, and probably only the nearby Summer Garden can compete with it in popularity. The history of the Mikhailovsky Garden dates back to the times of Peter the Great, and the most eminent masters of landscape architecture - Bartolomeo Carlo Rastrelli and Karl Ivanovich Rossi - took part in its construction.

How to get there

The metro stations closest to the garden are Nevsky Prospekt and Gostiny Dvor. We recommend getting off at Nevsky Prospekt to stroll along the embankment of the Griboyedov Canal and admire the beautiful Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, built in memory of Emperor Alexander II.

Story

In Swedish times, on the territory of the Mikhailovsky Garden there were various agricultural buildings, an estate and hunting grounds. In 1712, construction began here of a palace for the wife of Peter I, Catherine. The palace was located on the site of the current Rossi pavilion.




In 1716-1717, Peter I ordered the creation of a plan for three Summer Gardens. The first two were located on the territory of the modern Summer Garden, and the third was located on the site of Catherine's palace. The modern Mikhailovsky Garden was precisely part of it.

In 1741, Rastrelli began building a palace on the site of the modern Engineering Castle. But already in 1796 Paul I ordered the palace to be demolished and a new one built. Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov, famous for designing the ensemble of the Moscow imperial residence Tsaritsyno, was appointed as the architect. In 1800, the Mikhailovsky (Engineering) Castle was consecrated.





In 1819, Carl Rossi began building the Mikhailovsky Palace; the architect also carried out large-scale redevelopment in the garden. At the same time, a pavilion was built on the banks of the Moika River, now named after the great architect.


In the 20th century, the garden underwent chaotic development and was changed beyond recognition. The park's territory was reduced in 1902 due to the construction of the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood. Since 1922, the Mikhailovsky Garden was called the “garden of MOPR” (International Organization for Assistance to Fighters of the Revolution). There were areas for performances and exhibitions, playgrounds and even a tennis court.
In the 2000s, the garden underwent a global renovation and restoration according to the 1826 design of Carlo Rossi. Now the park belongs to the State Russian Museum.





Not far from the Mikhailovsky Garden there are the most famous St. Petersburg attractions - the Summer Garden, the Field of Mars, the Engineers' Castle and, of course, the main thoroughfare of the city - Nevsky Prospekt.

In short, in general:

 

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