Ship nok nevis. The largest supertanker on the planet, Knock Nevis (16 photos). Tanker “knock nevis” - past and present

The supertanker Knock Nevis is the largest ship ever built in the history of the planet. At different periods of its existence, it wore various names: Seawise Giant, Happy Giant, Jahre Viking.

The length of the oil tanker is 458.45 m. To turn it around reverse side with the help of tugs a minimum of 2 km was required. The width of the world's largest ship was 68.86 m. The upper deck of the Knock Nevis could theoretically accommodate 5.5 football fields.




One of the main drawbacks of the supertanker, which predetermined its short operation, was the draft when fully loaded - 24.61 m (more than a 7-story building). Due to its enormous dimensions, as well as the risk of running aground, the ship could not pass through the Suez and Panama Canals, as well as through the English Channel.




The stopping distance of the tanker was as much as 10.2 km, and the circulation diameter was 3.7 km. Engines: turbines with a total power of 50,000 hp. The total carrying capacity of the vessel, which was first put into operation in 1976, was 563,763 tons. The supertanker was moving at a speed of 13 knots (about 24 km/h).




IN last years During its existence, the giant tanker was operated as a floating oil storage facility. In 2009, the ship was transported to Alang (India), where it was scrapped a year later.













Let's return to our giant.

The most outstanding invention of mankind is oil tanker. The word itself comes from English word"tank" - tank. Sea tanker This is a vessel designed for the transportation of liquid cargo (oil, acid, vegetable oil, molten sulfur, etc.) in ship tanks (tanks). These sea vessels come in various sizes, but among them there is a special type - supertankers. These are the most big ships among tankers of such a type. They can carry 50 percent more oil on a single voyage than others, and have only 15 percent more operating costs for bunkering, crew, and insurance, allowing oil companies chartering the vessel to increase their profits and save savings. There will always be a demand for such oil tankers.

Supertankers- a product of the scientific and technological revolution of our time. They did not have any specific inventor, and with the development of science and technology, their creation became possible. On oil tankers The longitudinal hull framing system was tested, the engine room and all superstructures were moved to the stern. And most importantly, during their construction, electric welding began to be widely used in shipbuilding, which later became the only way to connect hull structures made of metal.



Knock Nevis, a supertanker that was named at various times: Jahre Viking, Happy Giant and Seawise Giant.

Knock Nevis has a length of 458.45 meters, so turning the tanker in the opposite direction requires at least 2 km if the turn was carried out using tugs. The ship has a width of 68.8 meters, to give a better idea - this is the approximate width of a football field.

The ship's upper deck could accommodate 5.5 football fields.

This is the largest ever created in the history of the planet active ship. It also has its drawbacks, which essentially predetermined the tanker’s short existence. Its draft of 24.6 meters is, for comparison, more than a standard 7-story residential building.

The ship could not pass through the Suez and Panama Canals due to its enormous dimensions, moreover, it was not allowed to pass through the English Channel due to the risk of running aground.

Seawise Giant was the largest ship built in the 20th century. But the giant was built before the era of double-hulled tankers, which began with the Exxon Valdez disaster. It is unlikely that new tankers will exceed the size of the Seawise Giant; most likely, the palm will be taken over by floating cities - real floating cities, with housing, offices, and everything else that is available in the city. Some projects of such vessels are already being developed.


Seawise Giant began construction in 1979 at the request of a Greek tycoon, but he went bankrupt as a result of the oil embargo of the 70s. The ship was bought by Hong Kong tycoon Tung and financed its completion. However, Tung insisted that the deadweight be increased from 480,000 to 564,763 tons, making the Seawise Giant the world's largest ship. The tanker entered service in 1981, and initially transported oil from the Gulf of Mexico fields. Then he was transferred to transport oil from Iran. There in Persian Gulf, and he was sunk.

In 1986, during the Iran-Iraq War, in the Strait of Hormuz, a tanker was attacked and sunk by Exocet missiles from the Iraqi Air Force. An Iraqi fighter fired an Exocet anti-ship missile at a unique tanker, which was then almost in the Persian Gulf (or rather, in the Strait of Hormuz, lying between Iran and the UAE, leading to the Gulf).

She sank in shallow waters off Kharg Island, prompting her to be raised and taken to Keppel Shipyard in Singapore in August 1988 by her new owner, Norman International. Ship repairers replaced 3.7 thousand tons of crumpled steel.


Most likely, the company bought, raised and repaired the tanker mainly for prestige reasons. The refurbished Seawise Giant was renamed Happy Giant. By 1999, he again changed his owner and name - he was bought by the Norwegian Jahare Wallem and renamed Jahre Viking.

In March 2004, the giant got a new owner, First Olsen Tankers. Different times have already come, and given the age of the tanker, they decided to convert it into an FSO - a floating storage and loading complex, at the Dubai shipyards. After refitting, she was renamed Knock Nevis, and was then deployed as an FSO to the Al Shaheen field in Qatari waters.


Specifications supertanker Knock Nevis

Commissioned: 1976
Withdrawn from the fleet: 01/04/2010
Length: 458.45 m
Width: 68.86 m
Draft: 24, 611 meters
Power plant: steam turbines with a total capacity of 50,000 hp. With.
Speed: 13-16 knots
Crew: 40 people.

Weight of transported cargo: 564,763 tons

Another 6 ULCC (ultra large oil tanker) class tankers have surpassed the 500,000 dwt mark:
Battilus 553,662 dwt 1976 - 1985 (decommissioned)
Bellamya 553,662 dwt 1976 - 1986 (decommissioned)
Pierre Guillaumat 555.051 dwt 1977 - 1983(decommissioned)
Esso Atlantic 516,000 dwt 1977 - 2002(decommissioned)
Esso Pacific 516 dwt 1977 - 2002 (decommissioned)
Prairial 554.974 dwt 1979 - 2003(decommissioned)


Think about it: the giant’s braking distance is 10.2 kilometers, and its turning circle exceeds 3.7 kilometers! So, among other ships scurrying around these waters, this supertanker is like a bull in a china shop.

When the tanker needs to be brought to the oil terminal, it is taken in tow and pulled very, very slowly. It is easy to imagine what can happen if there is an error in maneuvering a ship weighing almost a million tons.

During its life, the supergiant tanker changed several owners and changed its name more than once - first to Happy Giant, then to Jahre Viking.


In 2009, the ship was transported to Alang, India, where it was forcibly stranded for disposal.

In 2010, the ship was scrapped.






At present

One of the representatives of this class sea ​​vessels was oil tanker« Batillus" This cargo ship was created, from start to finish, according to the original design without additional modernization during operation. Nautical tanker from the moment of laying it was built in 10 months, and about 70,000 tons of steel were spent on construction. Construction cost the owner $130 million.

Technical characteristics of the tanker "Batillus";
Length - 414.2 m;
Width - 63 m;
Draft - 28.5 m;
Deadweight - 655,000 tons;
Displacement - 275276 tons;

Power point- four steam turbines " Stal Laval» power of each 64800 l. With.;
Speed ​​- 16 knots;
Crew - 26 people;


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sources
http://korabley.net
http://www.ermoshka.ru
http://mostinfo.su


The tanker, best known as the Knock Nevis, was the most big ship ever built by mankind. During its existence, this supergiant has changed several names: Seawise Giant, Happy Giant, Jahre Viking, Knock Nevis, Mont. Moreover, it managed to change not only the name, but also the dimensions, as well as the scope of its application.

Japanese shipyards received an order to build the largest tanker in the world in 1974. And five years later, in 1979, a gigantic ship, amazing in its size, was launched. But apparently this was not enough for the Greek shipowner. And he ordered an increase in the size of the tanker. The Seawise Giant (as it was then called) was then cut in half and additional sections were added to the middle.



As a result, the dimensions of the world's largest ship took on the following values: length - 458.45 meters, width - 68.86 meters, mass of transported cargo - 564,763 tons, weight of the ship itself - 81,879 tons, steering wheel weight - 230 tons, propeller weight - 50 tons.




As it turned out later, these figures became not only a plus, but also a minus of this giant. When fully loaded, the tanker sank 29.8 meters under water (approximately the height of a nine-story building). Just compare two photographs, the first one shows the ship loaded, the second one shows it empty.



IN good weather the ship could accelerate to 30 km/h, but in this case it would take about 9 kilometers to come to a complete stop. And simply making a turn for a ship of such gigantic size was not easy; the turning radius without the help of tugs was 3.2 km.


In 1981, after all the work to increase the size was completed, Seawise Giant finally began to earn back the money invested in it. His route ran from the oil fields of the Middle East to the United States and back. However, the Iran-Iraq War that was taking place at that time made its own adjustments to the life of the tanker. Since 1986, the ship has been used as a floating terminal for storage and further transshipment of Iranian oil. But this did not save the ship; on May 14, 1988, an Iraqi fighter attacked the Seawise Giant. The tanker received significant damage and lost all the oil on board (it should be noted that the thickness of the sides giant ship was only 3.5 cm, nothing else separated thousands of tons of oil from the surrounding sea world) and failed for three years.


During the repairs, the ship had 3,700 tons of damaged steel replaced and its name changed for the first time. Seawise Giant became Happy Giant. However, even before the completion of the restoration work, the tanker changed its owner; it was bought by a Norwegian company for $39 million. Therefore, the ship left the Singapore docks (where the repairs actually took place) under the name Jahre Viking.
The next changes in the life of the giant ship occurred in 2004. The United States and Europe have passed laws banning the use of single-wall tankers for transporting oil and most big ship found himself out of work in the world. Jahre Viking is renamed Knock Nevis and from now on is used as a floating oil storage facility.

The tanker, best known by the name Knock Nevis, is the largest industrial vessel that has ever been built by man. During its difficult existence, it managed to change its name, size, and scope of application several times.

As soon as it was not called! IN different years the tanker was Seawise Giant, Jahre Viking, Happy Giant, Knock Nevis And Mont. And its story began in 1974, almost 40 years ago. At this time, Japanese shipyards received an order to build largest tanker in the world. It took the companies 5 years to make the dream of the Greek shipowner come true: in 1979, a gigantic tanker, striking in its size, was launched.

But this was not enough for the initiator of the order, and he insisted on increasing the size of the ship. As a result, the vessel was cut in half and additional sections were inserted into the middle. At that time, the largest tanker on earth was named Seawise Giant.

As a result, one can only marvel at its enormous size: the length of the ship was 458.45 meters, width - 68.86 meters. And at one time the ship could transport 564.8 thousand tons of cargo. At the same time, the weight of the Knock Nevis tanker itself was 81.9 thousand tons, and if you look at its individual components, then the weight of the ship’s propeller was 50 tons, and the weight of the steering wheel reached 230 tons.

But the further “biography” of the tanker showed that such impressive dimensions became not only the advantage of the vessel, but also its significant drawback. It’s hard to imagine, but when Knock Nevis was fully loaded, it plunged under water to about 30 meters, which is the size - for comparison - of a nine-story building.

It is not surprising that such a serious draft did not allow the tanker to navigate either the Panama or Suez Canals. At the same time, the Panama Canal did not suit Knock Nevis in terms of width and length, because the tanker was 1.5 times larger than the maximum permissible dimensions of the locks.

It is also interesting that the described vessel could reach speeds of up to 30 km/h, but when braking, it had to swim another 9 kilometers before it came to a complete stop. And even the turn of the ship at such gigantic sizes was not an easy task: without a tug, the tanker turned with a radius of 3.2 kilometers.

In 1981, after a final increase in size, Knock Nevis finally began to bring profit to its owners. His “job” was transporting oil from the Middle East to the United States. However, at that time the Iran-Iraq war was raging, which made its own adjustments to the life of the ship.

Since 1986, the ship began to be used as a huge floating terminal for the movement and storage of Iranian oil, but in 1988, an Iranian fighter attacked Knock Nevis and caused significant damage to it, as a result of which the ship lost all the oil it was carrying.

It is worth noting that the thickness of the sides of the huge tanker was only 3.5 centimeters. Therefore, when a hole occurs, thousands of tons of oil freely enter the surrounding marine world. As a result, significant damage was caused to the nature of the earth, and the tanker was out of commission for three years.

During the repair of the tanker, 3.7 thousand tons of damaged steel were replaced. Also at this time the ship was given a new official name- Happy Giant. But even before the completion of the repair work (carried out, by the way, in Singapore), the tanker was sold for $39 million to a Norwegian company and left the restoration docks under the name Jahre Viking.

The next significant changes in the life of the largest industrial vessel occurred in 2004. In the United States and Europe, a law was passed banning the use of thin-walled tankers for transporting oil. Thus, Knock Nevis was left without work. It was then that the tanker from Jahre Viking was renamed Knock Nevis, and began to be used as a floating oil storage facility.

In 2009, the ship changes its owner, who once again gives it a new name - Mont. Then the tanker sets off on its final voyage: to India, to Alang, which is a world-famous ship graveyard. There, over the course of several months, the ship is cut into pieces and melted down.

Today, the only attribute that remains of the world's largest industrial ship is its anchor, weighing 36 tons. It is now kept in the Hong Kong Maritime Museum.

Knock Nevis (formerly known as Seawise Giant, Happy Giant and Jahre Viking) is the largest ship to ever exist on Earth.

Oil has long become the most sensitive nerve of the entire world industry. Often, it is most profitable to transport “black gold” not by land, but by water. The route taken by ships of this type is called “oil”. Already in the 19th century, when coal was the main raw material, crude oil was transported in wooden and zinc barrels in special holds sailing ships intended for the transportation of oil.

The very first sea tanker for transporting oil in a tank whose walls served as hulls was the sailing ship Atlantic, built in 1863. This type of tanker uses a hull as a reservoir for liquid cargo, which has survived to this day. By the beginning of the First World War, sea tankers already accounted for 3% of the world's merchant fleet.

The demand for oil is growing every year. This process is associated with the continuous development of heavy industry and the emergence of an increasing number of motor vehicles. Accordingly, the scale of oil production is increasing and the requirements for its transportation are becoming more stringent. I doubt that there will be ships and vessels whose size and displacement would have the same rapid development trend as tankers.

The development of shipbuilding of oil tankers takes into account the features and advantages of supertankers, since when transporting oil on sea ​​vessel, which can hold more than 100,000 tons of oil, transport costs are not much higher than using a tanker with a carrying capacity of 16,000 tons. Today, large tankers and supertankers are fully automated and operated by a relatively small crew. Even the longest transportation of valuable cargo is much cheaper than when operating a conventional vessel. And one of these is “Knock Nevis”.

The history of this sea vessel began in Japan in 1976 (some sources indicate 1975) at the shipyards of Sumitomo Heavy Industries. Then the oil tanker Knock Nevis was “born” under the modest serial number 1016 and was not that big. Soon the cargo ship was sold to a certain Greek shipowner, who gave the oil tanker its first real name, Seawise Giant. Its carrying capacity was 480,000 tons (typical modern oil tankers have a capacity of 280,000 tons). Three years later, the cargo ship was sold to a new owner, who ordered an enlargement. Japanese shipbuilders cut and extended the tanker, which took quite a lot of time. Finally, in 1981, the supertanker was ready for service again. Welded additional sections of the hull increased its deadweight to 564,763 tons.

The supertanker Knock Nevis could easily take on board the Empire State Building and the Eiffel Tower. But its cargo is $195 million worth of oil. The huge ship has survived several owners and now bears the fourth name “Knock Nevis”. They shot him with rockets and cut him in half. And yet - for more than 20 years it remains the largest ship on the planet.

The “braking distance” of the supertanker “Knock Nevis” is 5000 meters.

Technical characteristics of the oil tanker “Knock Nevis”:

Length - 458.4 m;
Width - 68.8 m;
Draft (full) - 24.6 m;
Design displacement - 657,018 tons;
Deadweight - 564763 tons;
Power plant - steam turbines;
Power - 50,000 l. With.;
Speed ​​- 13 knots;
Crew - 40 people.

Its dimensions were: 458.45 meters long and 69 meters wide, which made it in the past the largest ship in the world. Even after the Prelude FLNG supertanker-gas plant is commissioned, it will remain the largest vessel in history with a displacement of 657,018 tons.

By 2010, Knock Nevis was approaching its end of operation. It was sold to Amber Development Corporation for further disposal.

The new owner renamed Knock Nevis Mont and raised the Sierra Leonean flag on it. In December 2009, he made his last crossing to the shores of India.

On January 4, 2010, Mont was thrown ashore near the Indian city of Alang (Gujarat state), where its hull was cut into metal for a year.

One of the giant's 36-ton anchors was preserved and is now on display Maritime Museum in Hong Kong.

Knock Nevis is the largest ship that has ever existed on Earth.

 

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