Simferopol - Solenoye Ozero train schedule (suburban trains). Electric train Salt Lake - Simferopol: people are like “herrings in a barrel” The use of salt and brine

A bay, lagoon, Lake Sivash is generally a rotten sea - this is the name given to an intricate accumulation of bays, channels, islands, separated from Sea of ​​Azov narrow oblique Arabat arrow.

Sivash has a variable water surface area of ​​about 2,500 km2, depending mainly on the time of year and wind direction. The depth of the lagoon is small 0.5-1 m, maximum 3, communication with the Sea of ​​Azov occurs through two thin threads of the Genichesk Strait and the Promoina Strait, located in the very north, near Genichesk.

The huge area, shallow depth, small capacity of the straits, high summer temperatures and only 260 mm of precipitation - all this leads to the fact that by the end of August Sivash, and especially its edges far from the sea, begin to compete in salt content with the Dead Sea.

Sivash on the map.

On the map, Lake Sivash is clearly divided into two parts - western and eastern, communicating with each other through the significantly narrowed Chongar Strait.

The fact is that during the construction of the railway line that connected Zaporozhye and Simferopol, a dam was built and a bridge was built across the Chongar Strait, then another dam was built to cross the power line (after 9 km), almost completely blocking the flow of water into the western part of the reservoir.

Western Sivash

Western Sivash extends 70 km from east to west, being a natural border separating Crimea from the mainland, and in ancient times had a continuation in the form of an artificial canal - “Perekop” all the way to the Karkinitsky Bay of the Black Sea. It is unknown who and when began to build defensive structures in this place, but this is the most comfortable spot for the defense of the peninsula from steppe nomads. Let's take a look at the map. A ditch and a rampart cut the isthmus in its narrowest part, and in ancient times they blocked the path from the mainland to the Crimea. The length of the structure is 8475 m. After construction, the man-made canal was navigable and had a depth of 10 m and a width of 20 m. The fortification structure was complemented by walls 3 m thick and 15 m high and towers. Them in different time it was from 4 to 17. Approximately in the middle of Perekop there was a bridge and a fortress. The latter was built by the Tatars and was called Or-Kapu. Nowadays, the walls and rampart are destroyed, and there is no water in the ditch.

In the Or-Kapu area, Perekop crosses the highway and the North Crimean Canal, which, it seems, at the current stage of history awaits the fate of the Perekop ditch.

In this part of the bay, during the Soviet Union, several large chemical plants were built using it natural resources. Currently, thanks to their activities, part of the lagoon has been turned into settling tanks and is practically a zone of environmental disaster.

Eastern Sivash

on the map it looks like a huge comb with a handle, resting against the body of the Ak-Monai Isthmus and teeth cutting into the body of the steppe Crimea with numerous ravines and gullies - the mouths of modern and ancient river valleys. The Arabat Spit, separating the lake in the southern part, thins to several hundred meters.

Origin of Sivash.

The origin of Sivash and its evolution are closely related to the history of the Black and Azov Seas.

At the end of the Ice Age, a global catastrophe occurred - as a result of the melting of glaciers and, as a consequence, an increase in the level of Mediterranean Sea in the Bosphorus area there was an overflow of salty waters into a previously formed depression, at the bottom of which splashed fresh lake. As a result, the sea level rose by 100 m, the area increased significantly and a gulf was formed in the west of the Sea of ​​Azov. By geological standards, Sivash received its modern appearance as an almost closed reservoir quite recently, 900 – 800 years ago. Moreover, this is the age that scientists give him, but according to the surviving maps, he is twice as young!

As a result of a combination of currents and the direction of the prevailing winds, a sand bank was formed in the Sea of ​​Azov, which over time moved to the shore, forming a long thin spit - the Arabat Strelka. And only at its base two thin threads of straits remained.

After the exchange with the sea almost completely stopped, the salinity of the water of the resulting complex of lakes and bays began to increase sharply. This was facilitated by silting and, as a consequence, a decrease in depths with the formation of a thick layer of sedimentary rocks.

This is how you can briefly describe the origin of Sivash.

History of Sivash Bay

The history of the bay, like any other object, be it a city or a lake, actually begins with the mention of it in written sources. Sivash was the first at the beginning of the 1st century. Strabo mentioned his works. He calls it Rotten Lake, describing it as a swampy bay with islands, connected to Meotida (Azov) by a wide mouth.

In the second century, the Rotten Bay was depicted by one of the most authoritative cartographers, Claudius Ptolemy, although there is no Arabat Spit on his maps; the wide bay ends with a small loop of the future western Sivash and the narrowing of Chongar. Further, it is unknown how events developed, but the prototype of the Strelka in the form of a chain of islands began to appear on the maps of the Genoese of the 14th - 15th centuries, and only 350 years ago on the map of the Frenchman Levasseur de Beauplan, the Arabat Strelka appears, Sivash becomes a closed reservoir, in shape approaching the modern outlines .

At the same time, scientists, having studied the silt from the bottom of the reservoir, claim that the spit blocked Free access sea ​​waters into the lagoon no later than 1100 - 1200.

Who's right here? Just as geologists and biologists may not have taken into account any factor in the development of bottom sediments, so cartographers could reprint maps from year to year without checking the information.

Healing Sivash.

Healing properties Sivash are based on a combination of factors that have a beneficial effect on the human body.

Well, first of all, it's the climate. In the Bay Area it is dry, temperate continental, with long, hot summers, temperatures up to +40°C, and relatively short winters. The air of the Sivash steppes is also healing, saturated with salt ions, iodine, and essential oils of steppe herbs.

Water (brine).

Secondly, this is water, or rather brine, the salt content of which ranges from 20 in the north to 90 ‰ (grams per liter) in the south. In addition to iodine and a large number of chemical compounds of chlorine, bromine, sodium, potassium, magnesium, Sivash waters contain provitamin A! Well, yes, the same carotene that is in carrots. It is a waste product of some microorganisms that managed to survive in this brine. The high carotene content causes the color of the water in bays with big amount salt pink.

Sivash salt.

The third factor is pink Sivash salt. The history of the extraction of this important product in these parts goes back to the distant past. Well, who doesn’t know the Ukrainian Chumaks, “who rode on oxen all the way to Crimea, looking at the Chumatsky Way?”

In our time, the technology for evaporating salt has remained virtually unchanged, and after the bankruptcy of the salt plant it completely acquired a medieval character, except that it is exported on modern “oxen”.

Since Sivash salt is obtained by evaporation from the above-mentioned brine, it has a similar composition, retaining all the beneficial properties, so to speak, in a concentrated form.

The use of salt and brine

Food Industry:
Salt with a high iodine content is used in food as an additional source of iodine for the treatment and prevention of thyroid diseases.

Medicine, as a concomitant treatment:
Dentists use solutions of salt or brine in warm fresh water, with a concentration of up to 30 g/liter, to treat diseases of the gums and teeth.
When treating colds and ENT diseases, dilute brine 2 times or salt at about 50 g/liter for gargling, nasal rinsing, and inhalation.
It is very good to use these solutions to treat diseases of the musculoskeletal system and blood vessels. A warm compress is applied to the sore spot for 10-15 minutes.

Cosmetology:
Use salt baths for hands and feet, masks for face and head. They take baths.
The substances contained in Sivash water have a beneficial effect on nails, skin and hair.

Extraction of Sivash salt.

The enterprise for the industrial extraction of Sivash salt, located in the village of Priozernoye, went bankrupt long ago. Some of the equipment was cut into scrap metal, the buildings are slowly being destroyed and dismantled local residents for building materials.

Salt evaporation lakes operate with virtually no human intervention. Anyone can come and collect pink brine or salt for personal use or for sale, and entrepreneurs have organized excursions to Salt Lake for everyone.

And of course therapeutic mud. People have known about its properties for a very long time. One Ukrainian legend says: ... there was a terrible battle, the Tatars pressed the Cossacks to the shore of the lake, the horses of the Cossacks got stuck in the coastal swamp, and many glorious knights were killed...

And when dawn came, the crows flew in for a bloody feast, May the scavengers not get any of the heroic blood! The Cossacks, sleeping in eternal sleep, began to get up! And they were surprised! And then they realized that in those places where the body touched the black mud raised by the horses’ hooves from the bottom, all the wounds had healed!

This healing mud has accumulated over thousands of years. The process involved clay, brine, organic remains of plants and animals. This entire cocktail was processed by microorganisms, constantly shaken by waves and mixed by currents. The hot Crimean sun heated it over low heat, and the frost added ice. Moreover, it has been noticed that the most healing silt is where there is a small but constant influx of fresh water!

Dirt mining.

Of course, the easiest way to get dirt is to buy it on the market, but it’s much more interesting to get it yourself, especially since it’s not very difficult to do. It is located very shallow, at the bottom of the bay, under a small layer of gray silt. You just need to take a container (usually a plastic bottle with the neck cut off), move 20 - 30 meters from the shore, but no deeper than knee-deep (so as not to dive), remove the top layer of gray silt - it is still young and not suitable for treatment - and dig a healing product for health.

In practice it's even simpler. Find out from your landlord where the nearest beach on the bay is and how to get to it. Usually this object can be recognized from afar, by the characteristic figures of black (freshly smeared) or gray (dried) colors looming at the edge of the cliff. After arrival and exposure, you will find out from the African vacationers where the nearest quarry is located for the extraction of the necessary mineral, and then go ahead and develop the vein.

And two more instructions:
First. Try to take silt without shells and stones, and when spreading it, do not rub too hard to avoid scratching.
Second. Usually, places where there is already a ready-made mine can be easily recognized by the installed float made from a plastic bottle.

How to get to Sivash, train schedule from Zaporozhye and Crimea.

You can get to Sivash by car, bus, train or a combination of these modes of transport. Let's start with the most convenient - own car. The route Kharkov - Zaporozhye - Simferopol passes in close proximity to the bay.

A small comment: There is a small village 67 kilometers from Melitopol. It's called New world. Distance from the start sign to the end sign settlement 500 meters, but the traffic police really like to hang out here, be careful, obey the speed limit!

You need to turn off the road at the fork Novoalekseevka towards Genichesk.
Further, after 11 km in Genichesk, turn to Arabatskaya Strelka. And on the right side, Lake Sivash stretches for a hundred kilometers.

You can take an electric train (suburban train) to the Sivash station, which, unfortunately, is this moment is the final station, Ukrainian trains do not go further and free passage is closed - here is the dividing line between Ukraine and Crimea.

For the winter of 2015 - 2016, according to the Pridneprovskaya railway, one train runs to Sivash from the Zaporozhye-2 station and two from Novoalekseevka.

Sivash station coordinates
45° 58′ 2.28″ N, 34° 29′ 13.2″ E
45.9673°, 34.487°

Train schedule ( commuter trains) according to Art. Sivash:

Having completed border and customs formalities, you can continue hiking along the shores of the rotten sea or at the Solenoye Ozero station, change to Crimean electric trains going to Dzhankoy, then to Simferopol.

Solenoye Ozero station coordinates -
45° 53′ 5″ N, 34° 27′ 0″ E
45.884722°, 34.45°

The above train schedule on the route Salt Lake - Simferopol and Salt Lake - Dzhankoy is valid from January 1, 2016

SIMFEROPOL, April 4 - RIA Novosti (Crimea). After the energy crisis in Crimea, caused by the explosion of power poles by extremists in the Kherson region, electric trains do not operate on the peninsula. After the “blackout”, passenger carriages—namely, reserved seat passenger cars—. A RIA Novosti correspondent (Crimea) personally experienced all the “delights” of traveling by train. Salt Lake-Dzhankoy-Simferopol".

The carriages are clean, but the conductors stand in the vestibules

IN passenger carriages really clean, warm, toilets work. But the problem is that the next train has only three cars. This is on the route from Solenoye Ozero station, through Dzhankoy, Krasnogvardeyskoye and a lot of stops. On weekends, people leave and return from their dachas, and visiting students return to Simferopol on Sunday to be in the classrooms of their universities on Monday.

There really isn't enough space. Passengers are accommodated as needed. Many stand in the aisles, and the conductors, giving up their places, stand in the vestibules. However, they also have enough standing passengers.

Passengers and conductors complain: why do they allow a train with only three cars on the line, and specifically on weekends? After all, this is the time of the greatest load. Besides, econom-class train It’s far from a standard carriage of a familiar train, where there are wide aisles and you can either sit or stand. And in the reserved seat you can only “hang”, leaning on the shelves. This is especially inconvenient for passengers with small children, who are seated on the upper bunks.

KZD: Additional cars are expensive

Press Secretary of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Crimean Railway" Ekaterina Chalkova explained to the agency correspondent that the situation on the route "Salt Lake-Dzhankoy-Simferopol" and in reverse direction KZD employees are constantly monitoring it and at the moment “there is no need to add cars.”

At the same time, she noted that additional monitoring will be carried out during the week and if it turns out that the number of passengers exceeds the norms and rules, a decision will be made

“Additional cars are, first of all, those that need to be used for their maintenance. But if it turns out that there really aren’t enough places, the rolling stock will be increased,” Chalkova noted.

At the same time, railway communication between the main cities of Sevastopol, Evpatoria and Dzhankoy is the most affordable for passengers. For example, the price of a ticket on these routes (to the final station - ed) is not high and averages 58 rubles to Evpatoria and Sevastopol, and to Dzhankoy and Salt Lake - 73 and 87 rubles, respectively.

The current schedule of trains Simferopol - Salt Lake includes 4 electric trains (commuter trains, diesels) that connect these stations, among which there are morning and afternoon ones. The fastest train (suburban train) is recommended, which departs at 17:40 from Simferopol station and arrives at Solenoe Ozero station at 19:38. If you need to spend the longest possible time on the way, you should choose train number 6616 in the schedule with the Simferopol message -Pass. - Solenoye Ozero, in this case the trip will take 2 hours 35 m. Between the stations Simferopol and Solenoye Ozero this electric train passes 21 stops. Among them are 1457 Km Stop Point (06.09), Proletnaya (06.36), Efremovskaya (06.56), 1393 Km Stop Point (07.20), Dzhankoy (07.45), 1361 Km Stop Point (08.27), at which it is possible to change trains to other trains directions. On this page you can always find out the schedule of electric trains Simferopol - Solenoye Ozero, including the seasonal one, valid in summer and winter. Before planning a trip on the Simferopol Solenoye Ozero route, first read the schedule on our website, and also check this schedule at the nearest station, as some operational changes are possible.
Tickets for the Simferopol - Salt Lake train can be purchased at the ticket office of the nearest station.

 

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