Ancient Greek wonders of the world. Wonders of the world of ancient Greece Wonders of ancient Greece presentation

He was called the Colossus of Rhodes - the seventh wonder of the world. But this giant did not stand for long - about 70 years, and collapsed during a strong earthquake. It turned out that the sculptor had connected his knees poorly, and they could not withstand the weight of the huge bronze body. Since then, a proverb has appeared - “a colossus with feet of clay.” This is what they say about something big, but fragile; push it and it will fall apart. The fallen sculpture lay on the ground for a thousand years. They tried to lift her many times, but all failed. Over time, they began to forget what she looked like when she stood. They said that Helios held a huge torch in his hand, and between his legs ships with high masts sailed into the harbor. In 977, the ruler of Rhodes sold the remains of the giant to some merchant as scrap metal. The merchant cut the sculpture into pieces and transported it to Asia Minor, melted it and, loading it onto 900 camels, took it away to sell pieces of bronze, in which no one could recognize the seventh wonder of the world.

The work was performed by Yulia Novozhilova

ancient world

Content

HISTORY.
THE PYRAMID OF CHEOPS.
"HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON.
STATUE OF OLYMPIC ZEUS.
TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS.
MAUSOLEUM IN HALICARNASSUS.
THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES.
LIGHTHOUSE ON PHAROS ISLAND IN ALEXANDRIA.

SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD

The history of the SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD

LIST OF FAMOUS ANCIENT MONUMENTS.
the list was COMPLETED BY ANCIENT historians and travelers.
INCLUDING THE “FATHER OF HISTORY” HERODOTOUS.
THE LIST HAS BEEN EDITED TIMES.
ITS CLASSICAL VARIANT WAS FORMED 2.2 THOUSAND. YEARS AGO THANKS TO THE EFFORTS OF PHILO OF BYZANTINE.

The age of the structure is 4500 years.

PYRAMID CHEOPS

The age of the structure is 4500 years.
Over the course of 20 years, 120 thousand Egyptians, by the sweat of their brow, erected a grandiose pharaoh’s tomb. The Cheops pyramid is made up of 2.5 million blocks weighing 2. tons each.
Without the use of cement or other fastening agents, the blocks are fitted so tightly to each other that the gap between them does not exceed 0.5 mm. The pyramid was originally 147 meters high, today it is 138 meters high.
For almost 4000 years, until the 14th century AD, the Pyramid of Cheops bore the title of the tallest structure in the world.

PYRAMID CHEOPS Around 600 BC. Ancient Babylon roared on the territory of modern Iraq.

Around 600 BC Ancient Babylon roared on the territory of modern Iraq.
For his wife Amytis (Semiramis), King Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the destruction of the famous " hanging gardens" The gardens were located on a four-tiered platform resembling a hill.
The base of the terraces was made of stone blocks covered with a layer of reeds and filled with asphalt. Then there was a double layer of brick, and even higher - lead plates that prevented the seepage of irrigation water.
A fertile layer of soil was laid on top of this structure, on which trees, palm trees, and flowers were grown.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Hanging Gardens of Babylon Statue of Zeus at Olympia

In 435 BC. e. in Olympia - one of the sanctuaries of Ancient Greece - a majestic temple was built in honor of the ruler of the gods - Zeus.
Inside the temple there was a huge 20-meter statue of the Olympian god seated on a throne.
The sculpture was made of wood, on top of which ivory plates were glued, imitating the upper naked part of the body of Zeus.
The god's clothes and shoes are covered with gold.
In his left hand Zeus held a scepter with an eagle, and in his right hand a statue of the goddess of victory.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

The Temple of Artemis was built in 560 BC. King Croesus of Lydia in the city of Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor.
The huge white marble temple was framed by 127 columns 18 meters high.
Inside was a statue of Artemis, the goddess of fertility, made of gold and ivory.
In 356 BC. one vain resident of Ephesus, Herostratus, set fire to the temple, thus deciding to become famous and perpetuate his name.
The sanctuary of Artemis was rebuilt, but in 263 it was destroyed and plundered by the Goths.

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

The ruler of Caria, Mausolus, was still alive in 353 BC. began construction of his own tomb in Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Türkiye).
A grandiose funerary structure 46 meters high, surrounded by 36 columns and crowned with a sculpture of a chariot.
It made such a strong impression on contemporaries that since then all monumental tombs began to be called mausoleums after the name of King Mausolus.

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Colossus of Rhodes

A giant statue of the ancient Greek sun god Helios was installed at the entrance to the port of Rhodes in 292 - 280. BC e.
A slender young god, sculptured to full height, held a torch in his hand.
Ships sailed between the legs of the statue.
The Colossus of Rhodes stood in its place for only 65 years: in 222 BC. it was destroyed by an earthquake.

The Colossus of Rhodes Alexandrian lighthouse

In 270 BC. On the island of Pharos, at the entrance to the port of Alexandria, a huge tower 120 meters high was erected.
A fire was constantly burning at the top of the lighthouse, the light of which was amplified by metal concave mirrors, and was visible at a distance of 60 kilometers.
Wood for the fire was delivered up the spiral staircase on carts drawn by mules.
The lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake in the 14th century.

Alexandrian lighthouse

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Ancient Greek miracles of light Temple of Artemis Statue of Zeus Lighthouse of Alexandria Seliverstova Irina Alekseevna, history teacher, State Educational Institution NPO 29, Sarapul.

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7 Wonders of the World The first list of wonders of the world is attributed to Herodotus. The list appeared in Ancient Greece in the 5th century BC. e.. All the miracles were on the island of Samos.

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7 Wonders of the World Historians associate the classic list with the empire of Alexander the Great

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Statue of Zeus For more than 300 years, the Olympic Games were held in Greece. They were very popular among the people. They were held in honor of the god Zeus. But the main temple in honor of Zeus was not built. In Greece, donations began to be collected for the construction of this temple. Construction began in 470 BC. e.

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Statue of Zeus The construction of the temple took about 10 years. But the statue of Zeus did not appear in it right away. The Greeks decided to invite the famous Athenian sculptor Phidias to create a statue of Zeus.

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Statue of Zeus According to legend, when Phidias finished his work, he asked: “Are you satisfied, Zeus?” In response, there was a clap of thunder, and the floor in front of the throne cracked. For seven centuries, Zeus, smiling benevolently, watched the athletes, until in the 2nd century. n. e. there was no powerful earthquake that severely damaged the statue

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Statue of Zeus After the Ban Olympic Games thieves stripped the statue of Zeus, stealing gold and ivory. All that remained of the famous sculpture of Phidias was taken from Greece to the city of Constantinople, but there the wooden sculpture burned down during a strong fire. Thus the third wonder of the world perished, but the Olympic Games, founded, according to legend, by the Thunderer, were restored in late XIX centuries and now gather athletes from all over the world, ready to measure their strength in the most different types sports

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Alexandria Lighthouse The lighthouse was built on the small island of Pharos in the Mediterranean Sea, near the coast of Alexandria. This busy port was founded by Alexander the Great during his visit to Egypt in 332 BC. e.

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Alexandrian lighthouse Faros lighthouse consisted of three marble towers standing on a base of massive stone blocks. The first tower was rectangular and contained rooms in which workers and soldiers lived. Above this tower was a smaller, octagonal tower with a spiral ramp leading to the upper tower. The upper tower was shaped like a cylinder, in which a fire burned, which helped the ships reach the bay safely.

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Alexandria Lighthouse By the 12th century AD. e. Alexandria Bay became so filled with silt that ships could no longer use it. The lighthouse fell into disrepair. The bronze plates that served as mirrors were probably melted down into coins. In the 14th century, the lighthouse was completely destroyed by an earthquake.

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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus In honor of Artemis, the inhabitants of Ephesus built a huge temple near the city, on the site where the sanctuary of the Carian goddess of fertility was previously located, which became one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World.

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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus Funds for the construction were donated by the famous rich man, the Lydian king Croesus. The design of the temple was developed by the architect Khersiphron from Knossos. During his time, the walls of the temple were erected and a colonnade was installed. After the death of the architect, the construction was continued by his son Metagenes, and the architects Paeonius and Demetrius completed the construction.

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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus When the completed huge white marble building opened before the eyes of the townspeople, it aroused surprise and admiration. Unfortunately, no one knows exactly how the temple was decorated. It is only known that the best craftsmen took part in the creation of the sculptural decoration of the temple. Greek world, and the statue of the goddess Artemis was made of gold and ivory.

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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus Inside the temple was decorated with wonderful statues by Praxiteles and reliefs by Scopas, but even more magnificent were the paintings of this temple

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7 Wonders of the World The first list of wonders of the world is attributed to Herodotus. The list appeared in Ancient Greece in the 5th century BC. e.. All the miracles were on the island of Samos.

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7 Wonders of the World Historians associate the classic list with the empire of Alexander the Great

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Statue of Zeus For more than 300 years, the Olympic Games were held in Greece. They were very popular among the people. They were held in honor of the god Zeus.

But the main temple in honor of Zeus was not built.

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Statue of Zeus After the Olympic Games were banned, thieves stripped the statue of Zeus, stealing gold and ivory. All that remained of the famous sculpture of Phidias was taken from Greece to the city of Constantinople, but there the wooden sculpture burned down during a strong fire.

This is how the third wonder of the world perished, but the Olympic Games, founded, according to legend, by the Thunderer, were restored at the end of the 19th century and now gather athletes from all over the world, ready to measure their strength in a variety of sports.

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Alexandria Lighthouse The lighthouse was built on the small island of Pharos in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Alexandria. This busy port was founded by Alexander the Great during his visit to Egypt in 332 BC. e.

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Lighthouse of Alexandria The Pharos lighthouse consisted of three marble towers standing on a base of massive stone blocks. The first tower was rectangular and contained rooms in which workers and soldiers lived.

Above this tower was a smaller, octagonal tower with a spiral ramp leading to the upper tower. The upper tower was shaped like a cylinder, in which a fire burned, which helped the ships reach the bay safely.

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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus

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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus When the completed huge white marble building opened before the eyes of the townspeople, it aroused surprise and admiration. Unfortunately, no one knows exactly how the temple was decorated. It is only known that the best craftsmen of the Greek world took part in the creation of the sculptural decoration of the temple, and the statue of the goddess Artemis was made of gold and ivory.

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Temple of Artemis of Ephesus Inside the temple was decorated with wonderful statues by Praxiteles and reliefs by Skopas, but even more magnificent were the paintings of this temple

During excavations at island of Crete in Greece, which were carried out at the beginning of the 20th century under the leadership archaeologist Arthur Evans and lasted about 30 years, an impressive in its size and significance was found Knossos palace. It occupied an area of 16 thousand square meters and consisted of various palace rooms for different purposes, which adjoined and were attached to the central rectangular courtyard (52.5 meters in length): in total more than 1.5 thousand rooms connected through corridors and stairs. Knossos palace was created over several centuries and was completed in 1700 BC. The construction technologies of the Minoans were revolutionary for the Bronze Age people. One of the innovations was a series of terraces dug into the hillside, on which the eastern wing of the palace is located, 4 floors high. Another innovation was the impressive staircase inside the palace. It rested on cedar wood pillars (columns). 3.5 thousand years ago, the Minoans figured out how to build the strongest possible structure by placing the columns exactly under each other. Builders have surpassed all cultures in the art of lighting using light wells and windows throughout the palace. To control interior lighting and space ancient architects created a unique door system. The palace was also equipped with a well-thought-out underground drainage system. ABOUT it carried away not only heavy rainfall, but also the runoff of the most the world's first toilets. Analyzing archaeological finds , paintings on the walls, surviving frescoes, fragments of products, historians agree that life in the palace was solemn and dynamic. More than a hundred rooms and halls were used for ceremonial receptions, intended for the king and queen. In a palace huge storerooms, treasuries, a throne room, a theater, with a capacity of up to 550 people, halls for ritual performances. The ruins of the palace can still be seen on the island of Crete today. Arthur Evans recreated part of the palace- a fragment of a lost culture. Legends are often associated with the palace about King Minos and the Labyrinth with imprisoned in it minotaur(half-man, half-bull).

Delphi. Temple of Apollo. Delphic Oracle.

Delphi was a significant, religious, influential city in ancient Greece. He famous Temple of Apollo and the Delphic Oracle. Temple of Apollo built on southern slope Mount Parnassus at an altitude of 700 meters above sea level in 369 - 339 BC. The sayings were carved on the pediment of the temple - “ Know yourself”, “Nothing superfluous”, Image of the letter “E”. Inside the temple there were: a laurel tree, a sacred spring, a white marble Omphalus(sacred stone - center of the earth) with two golden eagles, golden Apollo statue. Predictions and prophecies were given to Apollo by the Pythia (female priestesses), who entered a state of trance due to the toxic gases emanating from a fracture in the rock and the ethylene content in the stream. The result was analyzed and interpreted (the Priests of Apollo are men) and as a result, predictions were given that could be interpreted in two ways. The Delphic oracle lasted more than 1000 years. IN Delphi every 4 years, in honor of Apollo, the second most important after the Olympic ones were held - Pythian games. Types of competitions: musical (playing the flute and cithara with and without singing), theatrical, dance, painting competitions, and later athletic competitions and chariot competitions were added. The winner was given an apple and a laurel wreath as rewards. From 394 AD Pythian games not carried out: prohibited by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I as pagan.

The first Theater in the world in Greece. Unsurpassed acoustics.

It has been delighting viewers for 2.5 thousand years. This is the largest surviving ancient theater. This is the place where he lives to this day spirit of the drama god Dionysius. There was a huge healing center next to the theater, and music was used in healing therapy. The theater was built in 340 - 330 BC. under the direction of architect Polykleitos the Younger. He built a round platform for performances, around which he placed 32 rows of spectator stone seats (later 23 more were added) for 14 thousand seats and a two-story skene (stage). The latter was painted as a backdrop for the production, and was also used for the first special effects. The structure of the theater amplifies the sound of the human voice by reflecting sound from the stone and by using resonators tuned to the desired frequencies and embedded in the walls. After archaeological excavations were carried out between 1870 and 1926, the theater was reopened. The first performance took place in 1938. This ancient source of inspiration still attracts viewers.

- Ancient Greek bronze statue of the sun god Helios, patron saint of Fr. Rhodes for the harbor in Lindos. The statue of the Colossus of Rhodes is one of the seven wonders of the world And one of the seven wonders of ancient Greece. Construction of the statue began in 305 BC. under chicken farming sculptor Hares with money from the sale of siege engines of Demetrius I Poliorcetes and lasted 12 years. Archaeological excavations have shown that the statue stood on a hill overlooking the bay, where it is now located medieval castle. The construction was carried out from the feet upward, so an earthen mound was built around the statue. D wooden frame covered with bronze sheets, and stones were poured inside for stability. It took about 200 tons of bronze to make the statue. The statue stood for about 60 years and was destroyed in 224 BC. during an earthquake. The fragments of the statue lay in this state for more than a thousand years. This statue inspired French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi to create Statue of Liberty.

Olympic Games in Greece.

The Birth of the Ancient Olympic Games took place back in the 8th century BC. It all started in Olympia in Greece with a 200-meter race in honor of the truce between two warring cities. After which the games were held every 4 years in August and were closed in 394 by order of Emperor Theodosius I. As a result of archaeological excavations carried out in Olympia at the end of the 19th century, the ruins of buildings intended to host the Olympic Games were found: palaestra, gymnasium and stadium. The gymnasium had a large courtyard for training, which was decorated with statues of athletes, and it also kept lists of winners and a list of the Olympics. In the center of the gymnasium courtyard there was a palaestra - a stone building intended for various types of exercises. The stadium was built in 330-320 BC. with dimensions: 212.5 m long and 28.5 m wide. It was equipped with stands and separate seats for judges. The stadium's capacity was about 45,000 spectators. The winner of the Olympic Games received a laurel wreath, an olive branch, recognition and respect of the entire people. The names of the winners were used in the Greek calendar and carved on marble columns installed on the banks of the Alpheus River. Thanks to this tradition, the date and name of the first winner is known: 776 BC. e. ; Corab is a cook from Elis. Tradition Olympic Games was revived at the end of the 19th century thanks to Pierre de Coubertin.

Myth - the disappeared city of Atlantis.

Myth about legendary island Atlantis originated in Ancient Greece and was continued in the works of Plato - the dialogues “Timaeus” and “Critias”. The myth of Atlantis says that once existed huge island. By lot he came into possession god of the seas Poseidon during the division of the earth between three brother gods: Zeus, Hades and Poseidon. Initially, a family lived on the island: husband Eunor with his wife Livkippa and daughter Cleito, who became the wife of Poseidon and gave birth to 5 pairs of twins. WITH the eldest son's name was Atlas, the island was named after him Atlantis. This is how the people of Atlanta began to live on the island and a highly developed civilization with a large army and navy was formed. But in the end they began to use knowledge and achievements of science and culture for evil. Therefore, Zeus was angry with them: in one day and one night, the island of Atlantis disappeared, plunging into the sea. According to the texts Plato, this happened in the 10th millennium BC. Plato's student, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, was sure that Atlantis was completely fictional (“Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer”). For more than two millennia, debates about reality have not subsided Atlantis Islands and the search for the great lost civilization does not stop. Many archaeologists are trying to find and link their excavations to Atlantis, but so far precise evidence has not been provided. Meanwhile, time passes, and the chances of finding the remains of an entire city surviving on the seabed are decreasing.

Parthenon(translated means virgin temple) – temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. He built in the very center Acropolis of Athens on a sacred hill 30 meters wide and 70 meters long. It is built entirely from white Pentelic marble, mined nearby. The Parthenon was built from 447 to 438 BC. under the direction of the architect Callicrates according to the design of Iktin. Decorated in 438-431 BC. according to Phidias's idea. Many lines of the temple only seem straight; in fact, there are no straight lines in it. The builders took into account all optical deviations to make the temple look perfect. From whatever point you look at it, all the lines seem straight and parallel. Marble blocks were ground and adjusted to size, the blocks were fastened with staples and filled with lead. Inside the temple stood goddess Athena statue— masterpiece of ivory and gold on a wooden frame. The height of the statue is 12 meters, and over a ton of gold was spent on construction. The 157-meter-long frieze depicted the annual procession in honor of Athena. The statue has not survived.

- this is a colossal revelation of architecture, this is a complete fusion of stone with the art of its processing, with geometry, proportionality and form. This is an achievement that has not been repeated for a thousand years.