About the "green dacha" on the Sverdlovsk embankment. Dacha Bezborodko (beginning) - Elizabethan Community of Sisters of Mercy - Interdistrict Tuberculosis Dispensary Where is Kushelev Bezborodko's dacha located
Bezborodko's dacha is a monument architecture XVIII century. The place where the estate is located became known much earlier - people came here to be treated with the healing water of Polustrovo. Bezborodko's dacha was also famous for its original fence, consisting of twenty-nine lions holding cast iron chains in their teeth. In addition, the history of the estate is associated with the names of many famous literary and musical figures.
From the history
The territory where the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha is located was inhabited even before the founding of St. Petersburg. So, at the end of the 17th century, the estate of the commandant of the Swedish fortress Nyenschanz was located here, and after the capture of the fortress during the Northern War, Peter the Great gave it to his wife Catherine.
There is a legend that Peter the Great himself discovered the local medicinal waters, admitting that they were no worse than the Belgian ones. The name of the water “Polyustrovskaya” comes from the Latin word “paluster”, which means “swampy”.
Construction of the Bezborodko dacha
In 1770, the actual Privy Councilor Grigory Nikolaevich Teplov, who knew a lot about healing waters, in order to save money, I did not go abroad for treatment, but decided to use Polyustrovskaya water.
Grigory Teplov asked the then reigning Catherine II for the Polustrovo manor as a gift for himself. In October 1770, the plot was granted to him and in 1773-1777, according to the design of the architect Vasily Bazhenov, a house was built here in gothic style. Greenhouses were also built to grow flowers, fruits and vegetables. Moreover, during the construction of the house, the communications available here were used.
It is known that Teplov’s health has improved, although he himself noted that the local water almost killed him.
Bezborodko's dacha - reconstruction by Giacomo Quarenghi
After the death of the senator, his son Alexei Teplov, who was in dire need of money, sold the estate for 22,500 rubles to Chancellor Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko.
On the site of the old house, a new mansion was erected according to the design of Giacomo Quarenghi. But the famous architect did not completely destroy the building of Vasily Bazhenov, preserving not only its elements, but, possibly, the remains of the Swedish estate.
Bezborodko Dacha - description
Bezborodko's dacha is one of the few surviving suburban buildings created by the great Italian architect.
The building is made in the style of classicism and has a traditional appearance for such buildings. The main building was located in the depths of the site, and open galleries connected it with symmetrically located wings.
In Italian houses, open galleries were usually used for drying hay, but in the humid climate of St. Petersburg these functions were not needed and therefore the galleries were later rebuilt into closed rooms.
Closer to the Neva there was a rotunda surrounded by columns, in which there was a source of water coming from a spring located a kilometer from the estate. The pier was built in the form of a two-tier terrace with a grotto and slopes to the water; it was decorated with granite vases and statues of sphinxes.
During the Great Patriotic War, the pier-terrace was destroyed; its restoration was carried out in 1959-1960 according to the design of the architect Alexander Rotach and technician G. F. Perlin.
At the back of the house was an English-style garden with shrubs and winding paths, marble sculptures and arbors, canals and islands. Among the garden buildings, the Ruin Pavilion stood out, reminiscent of the ruins of an ancient castle with a tower. The structure, assembled from authentic antique fragments, has not survived to this day.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the famous fence consisting of 29 lions appeared in the estate. Its creator, presumably, is Nikolai Alexandrovich Lvov.
Count Bezborodko had a high artistic taste; he collected one of the richest collections of paintings and other works of art in Russia. Writers Alexander Radishchev and Denis Fonvizin visited Bezborodko’s dacha, and writer and architect Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov lived here for some time.
IN Soviet time During the reconstruction of the Sverdlovsk embankment, the underground passage to the bank of the Neva was filled up.
Dacha Bezborodko as a medical resort
Alexander Bezborodko died in 1799, asking “to use his fortune for charitable deeds.” His brother Ilya did not have time to fulfill this request, dying in 1815.
After his death, the estate passed to his daughter, Princess Cleopatra Lobanova-Rostovskaya, who raised her sister’s son, Alexander Grigorievich Kushelev.
Due to the loss of the male line in 1816, by order of Alexander I, the surname Bezborodko was added to the surname of Alexander Kushelev. He became the owner of the estate, which became known as the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha.
During this period, the estate becomes a medical resort. Doctors and pharmacists were invited to study the source and made positive conclusions about the local water.
Pharmacist Fischer built on one of the plots resort town with wooden houses, a summer restaurant and baths with twenty baths. At that time, a glass of Polyustrovskaya water cost one kopeck, and for using the bathroom they charged from 10 to 25 rubles per month.
The village of Polustrovo turned into a resort and dacha place; composer Mikhail Glinka and artist Karl Bryullov, poet and playwright Nestor Kukolnik and other representatives of the St. Petersburg intelligentsia visited it.
In 1855, after the death of Alexander Kushelev, the estate passed to his son Grigory, a writer, publisher of the magazine “Russian Word”, an honorary member of many European chess clubs.
In 1858, at his invitation, the author of The Three Musketeers, Alexander Dumas Sr., visited the estate. Dumas wrote about the view from his balcony: “A wonderful view opened up in front of me - large granite stairs descending from the embankment to the river, above which were erected six feet fifty high. At the top of the pole flutters a banner with the count's coat of arms. This is the count’s pier, where the Great Catherine set foot when she showed mercy to Bezborodko and took part in the holiday organized in her honor.”
Among the guests of the estate were Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, Apollon Maikov and Alexey Pisemsky.
Bezborodko's dacha after the fire
In 1868 there was a fire and most of the resort burned down. Soon Count Kushelev also died, and the estate passed to his sister Lyubov Musina-Pushkina.
In 1873, the estate was divided into parts and several plots were sold, including for the construction of industrial enterprises. So, the New Bavaria brewery is located here, now it is the Sparkling Wines JSC.
The former dacha area turned into a factory suburb of St. Petersburg.
In 1887, a mineral water well was drilled, providing up to 20,000 buckets of water per day, and the old springs were gradually abandoned.
Elizabethan community
In 1896, the estate building and part of the park became the property of the Red Cross Society, and the Elizabethan community of sisters of mercy was located on the territory of the Bezborodko dacha.
New construction and reconstruction were carried out under the leadership of architects Pavel Syuzor, Nikolai Nabokov and Alexander Kashchenko.
Stone hospital buildings are being erected in the park, and central building The estate is used to house apartments for employees, a pharmacy and a dispensary where workers from local factories were received.
According to the design of Alexander Kashchenko, the church of the healer St. Panteleimon is being built, the main attraction of which is the marble iconostasis created by the sculptor Mikhail Popov.
During Soviet times, there was an infectious diseases hospital here. In the near future, it is planned to create in the Church of St. Panteleimon Cultural Center, similar to what is currently operating in the Smolny Cathedral.
In January 2014, according to activists of the Living City movement, one of the houses in the Elizabethan community complex, located behind the mansion building, was demolished.
From 1898 to the revolution mineral water were owned by a major Russian entrepreneur and industrialist Semyon Semenovich Abamelek-Lazarev. Since the 1930s, industrial production of Polustrovo water has been carried out. Her high quality received numerous awards at specialized exhibitions and tastings.
Currently, the estate houses the St. Petersburg Anti-TB Dispensary No. 5. Bezborodko's dacha, being architectural monument, is under state protection.
The Kushelev-Bezborodko estate had many rich and enterprising owners. Even before the founding of St. Petersburg, there was a garden of the Swedish commandant of the Nyenschanz fortress. In 1718, the new owner of these lands, Peter I’s physician Lavrenty Blumentrost, discovered healing springs here. (According to another version, the discoverer of the springs was Robert Karlovich Areskin.) Thus began the glorious history of Polustrov, which received its name because of the ferruginous springs and marshy terrain (from the Latin “paluster” - “swampy”).
At the end of the 18th century, the owner of Polustrov became one of the most educated people of his time, Catherine’s nobleman and secret adviser to the Empress Grigory Nikolaevich Teplov. In the 1770s, an estate was built for Grigory Nikolaevich: a three-story house with a balcony and round towers on the sides, the authorship of which is attributed to Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov.
In 1779, Teplov dies, his son Alexei sells the estate to His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko. He rebuilds the estate anew: the estate house is being built under the supervision of Giacomo Quarenghi (there is an alternative version about the authorship of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov), a park with ponds, gazebos, and grottoes is being laid out. One of the main attractions of the estate is a sculptural fence with 29 lions holding a chain (no documents have survived that shed light on the authorship, time and place of creation of these sculptures).
Around the same time, the 1780s, the construction of the pier, which was connected to the manor house by an underground passage, dates back. Alexander Andreevich gave magnificent balls that thundered throughout St. Petersburg. Among the guests at these festivities was Empress Catherine II herself!
Since Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko had no legitimate children, after his death the estate was inherited by distant relatives. In 1816, by decree of Emperor Alexander I, the Bezborodko surname, due to the termination of male lineage, was transferred to the eldest in the family of the Kushelev counts - Alexander Grigorievich, who was the husband of one of Bezborodko’s granddaughters.
It was thanks to the efforts of Count Alexander Grigorievich and his son Grigory Alexandrovich Kushelev-Bezborodko that Polustrovo became a fashionable resort in the mid-19th century: people were treated for anemia, corrected nervous disorders, and took beneficial carbon dioxide and mud baths. Artists Ilya Efimovich Repin and Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev, composers Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, artists of the Alexandrinsky Theater, representatives of the Russian aristocracy and guests from abroad rested and were treated here. There was even such a phrase among the people: “To Polustrovo - for water and entertainment.” The resort was equipped with the latest technology: the owners even ordered a special steam engine from England. And to entertain vacationers, concerts and fireworks were often held here.
The happy history of the Polustrovo resort was interrupted by a devastating fire in 1868, which destroyed almost all of its buildings. By that time, the estate was already owned by the heirs of G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko, who did not begin to restore the resort. A huge plot of land went up for sale. Ultimately, the former manor house was acquired by the Elizabethan community of Sisters of Mercy in 1896, and another part of the park was purchased by a brewery. Then this place changed many owners, mainly medical institutions. Until recently, the building, which was in a deplorable state, was occupied by an anti-tuberculosis dispensary. Now the building has been handed over to an investor who plans to turn the old manor into a cultural and business center, and is awaiting restoration.
“In 1782, the plot on the banks of the Neva began to belong to Chancellor Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko. For him, in 1783-1784, according to the design of Giacomo Quarenghi, a new mansion was built on the site of the old manor house.At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate was decorated with the famous fence consisting of 29 lions. Its creator could be Nikolai Alexandrovich Lvov."
"The area on which the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate is located was probably inhabited even before the founding of St. Petersburg. The Swedish city of Nyen grew nearby in the 17th century. Here, a map of 1698 shows a Swedish estate with the garden of the commandant of the Nyenschanz fortress. Perhaps it was created here a system of underground passages that the commandant could use in the event of an unexpected appearance of Russian troops.
In the middle of the 18th century, there was a tree nursery on this site, granted in 1773 to Senator G.N. Teplov. In 1773-1777, the architect Vasily Bazhenov built a manor house in the Gothic style for him. It is assumed that Bazhenov restored the underground communications that existed here."
“Quarenghi did not build the house anew, he made maximum use of the buildings already located here. Thus, the building preserves not only the remains of the Bazhenov building, but possibly also traces of the Swedish estate. Bezborodko’s dacha is one of the few such country works of the famous architect.”
“Originally open galleries extend to the sides from the central body of the building. When creating them, Quarenghi used the often used method of constructing Italian villas, in the open galleries of which hay was dried. In the cold St. Petersburg climate, it turned out to be impossible to preserve this function. During subsequent reconstructions, the galleries were turned into closed rooms. Quarenghi also laid out a garden in the English style; some garden structures were built, among which was a ruin assembled from genuine antique fragments. The garden was decorated with marble sculptures, man-made canals, and gazebos."
“After Bezborodko’s death, his niece, Princess K.I. Lobanova-Rostovskaya, lived here, raising her sister’s son, A.G. Kushelev, who since 1816 was called Count Kushelev-Bezborodko. Since that time, the estate acquired its now famous name - Kushelev’s dacha -Bezbordko.
Thanks to the Polyustrovsky springs located on the territory of the estate, this area became famous as medical resort. In the years 1840-1850 there was a popular Kursaal of the Polustrovsky Mineral Waters. In 1868, the resort burned down, but even after that they continued to bottle mineral water here.
In 1855-1870, the estate was owned by the writer and philanthropist Count G.A. Kushelev-Bezborodko. In the summer of 1858, Alexandre Dumas Sr. stayed with him for some time. The writer arrived in Russia at the personal invitation of Kushelev-Bezborodko. The author of The Three Musketeers wrote:
We stopped in front of a large villa, two wings of which extended in a semicircle from the main building. The count's servants in ceremonial liveries lined up on the steps of the entrance. The Count and Countess got out of the carriage, and the kissing of hands began. Then we went up the stairs to the second floor to the church. As soon as the Count and Countess crossed the threshold, a mass began in honor of the “safe return,” which the venerable priest was smart enough not to delay. At the end, everyone hugged, regardless of rank, and by order of the count, we were each escorted to our own room. My apartment was located on the ground floor and overlooked the garden. They adjoined a large beautiful hall, used as a theater, and consisted of an entrance hall, a small salon, a billiard room, and a bedroom for Moinet and me. After breakfast I went to the balcony. A wonderful view opened up in front of me - large granite stairs descending from the embankment to the river, above which were erected six feet fifty high. At the top of the pole flutters a banner with the count's coat of arms. This is the count's pier, where the Great Catherine set foot when she showed mercy to Bezborodko and took part in the holiday organized in her honor.
“The guests of G.A. Kushelev-Bezborodko were also I.A. Goncharov (in 1856), A. Maikov, A.F. Pisemsky.
In the second half of the 19th century, the huge park surrounding the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha was gradually reduced due to the construction of various industrial enterprises on its territory. The dacha area turned into a factory suburb of St. Petersburg. The New Bavaria brewery, now known as the Sparkling Wines CJSC, produces Soviet champagne.
In 1896, the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha was occupied by the Elizabethan community of nurses of the Red Cross, founded by the sister of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna. The community provided outpatient services to local workers and artisans. For her needs, the architects Pavel Syuzor, Nikolai Nabokov, Alexander Kashchenko rebuilt the estate."
"During the construction of the modern Sverdlovsk embankment, the underground passage to the bank of the Neva was destroyed, the entrance from the estate was walled up. Currently, the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha is occupied by an anti-tuberculosis dispensary."
Taken from here:
http://walkspb.ru/zd/sverdlovskaya40.html
The state of the estate now can be assessed visually.
For example, this is what the side wings look like:
I have long wanted to visit this place, and now I finally got out.
On a cloudy and deserted day on January 8, when all the people were sitting at home and finishing their Christmas geese, I set off on a long journey to the Sverdlovsk embankment:
Just as I am partial to modern street sculptures, I am partial to antique street lions.
And here there are already 29 of them!!
Neither snow nor cold could stop me.
It's time, it's time to finally meet them!
The site on which the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate is located was inhabited even before the founding of St. Petersburg. The Swedish city of Nyen grew nearby in the 17th century. Here the map of 1698 shows a Swedish estate with the garden of the commandant of the Nyenskans fortress. Perhaps a system of underground passages was created here, which the commandant could use in the event of an unexpected appearance of Russian troops. Soon after the founding of St. Petersburg, Peter I gave the empty Swedish estate to his wife Catherine.
This territory became especially famous thanks to the mineral water springs discovered in nearby Cossack gardens in 1718. In the winter of 1719, Peter I was treated with them and found the water no worse than Belgian. Thanks to the Latin word "paluster", that is, "swampy", local mineral waters began to be called Polyustrovsky.
In the 1760s, the Office of Buildings offered to purchase a plot of land with a Cossack vegetable garden. He was noticed by the actual secret adviser Grigory Nikolaevich Teplov, who knew about healing properties local sources. At this time, Teplov was ill and had to go abroad for treatment. To save money, he decided to use Polyustrov water.
The plot was granted to Teplov in October 1770. The Polustrovo manor appeared on the site of the Cossack vegetable garden. In 1773-1777, the architect Vasily Bazhenov built a manor house in the Gothic style here. It is assumed that Bazhenov restored the underground communications that existed here. The stone house had greenhouses where fruits, vegetables, flowers, and tobacco were grown.
It is not known for certain whether Teplov was able to recover with Polyustrov water. His contemporaries claimed that Grigory Nikolaevich recovered without leaving the estate. But the historian P.N. Stolpyansky refers to Teplov’s confession that in 1771 mineral water almost killed him.
After Teplov’s death, his son sold the manor in 1782 for 22,500 rubles. Chancellor Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko became the new owner of Polustrovo. For him, in 1783-1784, according to the design of Giacomo Quarenghi, a new mansion was built on the site of the old manor house. Quarenghi did not build the house anew, but made maximum use of the buildings already there. Thus, the building contains not only the remains of the Bazhenov building, but possibly also traces of the Swedish estate. Bezborodko's dacha is one of the few such suburban works of the famous architect.
Originally open galleries extend to the sides from the central body of the building. When creating them, Quarenghi used a frequently used technique for constructing Italian villas, in which hay was dried in open galleries. In the cold St. Petersburg climate, it turned out to be impossible to maintain such a function. During subsequent reconstructions, the galleries were turned into closed spaces. Quarenghi also laid out a garden in the English style and built some garden structures, among which was a ruin assembled from authentic antique fragments. The garden was decorated with marble sculptures, man-made canals, and gazebos.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate was decorated with the famous fence consisting of 29 lions. Its creator could be Nikolai Alexandrovich Lvov.
After the death of the childless Bezborodko, his niece, Princess K.I. Lobanova-Rostovskaya, lived here, raising her son Alexander Grigorievich Kushelev. In 1816, the surname Bezborodko was added to his surname. Since then, he became Count Kushelev-Bezborodko, and the estate acquired its now famous name - Kushelev-Bezborodko's dacha.
It was under Alexander Grigorievich that the Polustrovo estate became famous as a medical resort. In the years 1840-1850 there was a popular Kursaal of Polustrovsky mineral waters.
The next owner of Polustrovo in 1855-1870 was the writer and philanthropist Count G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko. In the summer of 1858, Alexandre Dumas Sr. stayed with him for some time. The writer arrived in Russia at the personal invitation of Kushelev-Bezborodko. The author of The Three Musketeers wrote:
We stopped in front of a large villa, two wings of which extended in a semicircle from the main building. The count's servants in ceremonial liveries lined up on the steps of the entrance. The Count and Countess got out of the carriage, and the kissing of hands began. Then we went up the stairs to the second floor to the church. As soon as the Count and Countess crossed the threshold, a mass began in honor of the “safe return,” which the venerable priest was smart enough not to delay. At the end, everyone hugged, regardless of rank, and by order of the count, we were each escorted to our own room. My apartment was located on the ground floor and overlooked the garden. They adjoined a large beautiful hall, used as a theater, and consisted of an entrance hall, a small salon, a billiard room, and a bedroom for Moinet and me. After breakfast I went to the balcony. A wonderful view opened up in front of me - large granite stairs descending from the embankment to the river, above which were erected six feet fifty high. At the top of the pole flutters a banner with the count's coat of arms. This is the count's pier, where the Great Catherine set foot when she showed mercy to Bezborodko and took part in the holiday organized in her honor.
Guests of G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko also included I. A. Goncharov (in 1856), A. Maikov, A. F. Pisemsky.
An omnibus ran from the Public Library to Polustrovo, and from the late 1840s a steamship service was established here.
In 1868, the resort burned down, but even after that they continued to bottle mineral water here. The resort has ceased operations.
In the second half of the 19th century, the huge park surrounding the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha was gradually reduced due to the construction of various industrial enterprises on its territory. The dacha area turned into a factory suburb of St. Petersburg. The New Bavaria brewery, now known as the Sparkling Wines CJSC, produces Soviet champagne.
by the user mineral springs in 1886-1898 there was a “soil research bureau” of mining engineer S. G. Wislawo. For the first time, he organized the bottling of water before carbonating it, and he sold water not only in St. Petersburg, but also in the suburbs. In 1887, a well was drilled here, providing up to 20,000 buckets of water per day. The old sources were gradually forgotten.
In 1896, the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha was occupied by the Elizabethan community of nurses of the Red Cross, founded by the sister of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna. The community provided outpatient services to local workers and artisans. For her needs, the architects Pavel Syuzor, Nikolai Nabokov, and Alexander Kashchenko rebuilt the estate. They built standard hospital buildings here, which became the prototype of future Soviet residential areas. In 1899-1901, according to Kashchenko’s design, a church was built in the name of the healer Panteleimon. Its main attraction was the first marble iconostasis in Russia created by Mikhail Popov.
The owner of the mineral springs since 1898 was Prince S. S. Abamelek-Lazarev. They belonged to him until 1917. Under the new owner, mineral water was produced under the brand name “Natural Mineral Water of the Polyustrovsky Springs”.
In 1918, the Polustrovsky springs came under the control of the economic department of the Vyborg District Council. But one district did not have enough strength to manage production. Only in 1924-1925, when large-scale improvement of the city outskirts was launched, new wells were drilled here.
After the closure of the Panteleimon Church in 1932, its dacha Kushelev-Bezborodko was transferred to the Promet plant, and in 1940 - to the hospital named after. Karl Liebknecht. The premises of the Panteleimon Church now house a children's infectious diseases hospital. In 1960-1962, the building was restored. During the construction of the modern Sverdlovsk embankment, the underground passage to the bank of the Neva was destroyed, and the entrance from the estate was walled up. Currently, Kushelev-Bezborodko’s dacha is occupied by an anti-tuberculosis dispensary.
The Kushelev-Bezborodko estate is one of the oldest estates in St. Petersburg. Peter I himself could have visited here soon after the founding of the city; in Peter’s time there was a manor house with a garden of the Swedish commandant of the Nyenschanz fortress.
During the time of Catherine II, the vast estate of the almighty chancellor Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko was already located here; this was the heyday of the estate, a vast landscape park with ponds, which could be placed on a par with the park in Tsarskoe Selo.
The empress herself took part in the feasts organized by the chancellor. Derzhavin took part in literary evenings, and Glinka himself played music. Alexander Dumas the father was received at the estate. This event caused a stir in St. Petersburg, many citizens asked to take a walk in the park of the Kusheleva Dacha to look at the celebrity.
And the last time the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate became famous throughout the then USSR. It was filmed by Eldar Ryazanov himself in his comedy “The Adventures of Italians in Russia” (1974).
The plot of the film revolved around the search for treasures hidden under a lion in Leningrad, and there are many, many sculptural statues of lions in Leningrad; there are much fewer living lions. And as many as 29 lions sit along the fence of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate.
Famous lions of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate
Nowadays, the estate is already located in the industrial area of the city, at the address Sverdlovskaya embankment, building 40. Sometimes the estate is called the Kushelevaya dacha or the Kushelev-Bezborodko dacha, and the area where the estate is located is called Polustrovo, after the name of the village that was previously located here, and later the resort mineral waters.
Many residents of the Kalininsky and Krasnogvardeisky districts of St. Petersburg had the misfortune of visiting the anti-tuberculosis dispensary No. 5, which is now located in this historical building. About the prevention of tuberculosis at the end of the fast.
Manor lion sculpture A little history
Even in pre-Petrine times, on the site of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate there stood a house with a garden of the Swedish commandant of the Nyenschanz fortress, now completely lost. The house was equipped with extensive dungeons and secret underground passages through which the Swedish commandant of the fortress had to flee in the event of a Russian attack.
But as usual, time flies forward uncontrollably, and after the end of the Northern War in 1721, Russian lands already extended here.
The estate was named after the names of its former owners, and at first the estate was owned by the statesman and diplomat Prince Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko (purchase of the estate in 1782), and after his death the estate was inherited by his great-nephew A.G. Kushelev, who was no less than the director Department of the State Treasury and the Chief State Comptroller. For services to the fatherland and in memory of his great ancestor, Alexander Grigorievich Kushelev received the right to be called Kushelev-Bezborodko.
Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko was very famous in his time, he was called the almighty chancellor. He was honored to be depicted on the monument to Catherine II on Ostrovsky Square, which is near Nevsky Prospekt, one might say almost on it. His portraits now hang in, not just one portrait, but portraits. He is depicted in the multi-figure historical painting by E.V. Moshkov “The Confirmation of Grand Duchess Elizaveta Alekseevna on May 9, 1795” next to Catherine II, and in the painting “The Transfer of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God on June 9, 1798” next to Paul I, although it is known for certain that that by the time depicted in the picture, the chancellor had already died.
Gate with vases from the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate Such famous architects as V. Bazhenov had a hand in the construction of the masterpiece; he is credited with the initial construction of the estate without side galleries in 1773, but it cannot be said with absolute certainty that it was him. V. Bazhenov also built the Pashkov house in Moscow and the Tsaritsyn palace complex, that is, at that time he was one of the leading architects in the Russian Empire.
Front facade of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate A large-scale reconstruction of the estate was ordered by A.A. Bezborodko from the architect Quarenghi. Then the estate took on its familiar appearance with side galleries and side wings. The galleries were originally open in imitation of the Italian style, but in the climate of St. Petersburg, open galleries were not in demand for most of the year. During subsequent reconstructions, the galleries were turned into closed ones.
Side wing of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate 
Side wing of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate 
Facade of the side wing of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate A luxurious landscaped park with ponds, bridges and flowers was laid out around the estate. They say that Catherine the Great herself and many prominent statesmen of Catherine’s era attended the feasts organized by Bezborodko.
Dacha of I. A. Bezborodko in Polustrovo. Watercolor by G. S. Sergeev. 1800 Opposite the estate, a large granite pier with sphinxes was built; an underground passage led to the pier. The pier was recently renovated, but the underground passage was lost.
View of the Smolny Cathedral from the gates of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate Now it could be very useful, since it is impossible to cross the embankment near the estate due to heavy traffic and the lack of pedestrian crossings nearby.
Entrance to the underground passage leading from the pier to the estate 
Sphinx on the pier In the 19th century, a resort arose on the territory of the estate, and the ferruginous mineral waters of Polustrovo began to be extracted here. The resort flourished for 30 years, but a strong fire put an end to this prosperity.
Since 1896, the history of the estate ends, but begins new story- history of medical institutions, located in a formerly very famous estate. It all started with a community of sisters of mercy, and ended with a tuberculosis clinic in our time.
The best historical reference about the estate is on the website of the tuberculosis dispensary.
Current state
Now this is no longer a suburb, but an urban area, built up along the perimeter with large industrial enterprises, opens from the porch of the estate beautiful view on the Neva and Smolny Cathedral. Hundreds of cars pass every second in front of the grille of the once quiet country estate.
Car traffic on the Sverdlovskaya embankment is currently very busy, with six lanes in both directions. The condition of the building itself, unfortunately, only evokes negative emotions. The building needs major repairs and restoration.
Facade of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate A new building has already been built for the tuberculosis dispensary near the Mechnikov Hospital, this is much more comfortable spot in respect of transport accessibility for the population than Sverdlovskaya embankment, but due to bureaucratic delays the move is being delayed. I heard that the move was scheduled for 2011, but did not take place due to the bankruptcy of the construction contractor, now the move is promised in December 2015, but as they say, we’ll see.
The interior of the interior is in the same terrible condition as the facade. From the estate with a rich collection of paintings and numerous objects of art, alas, nothing has been preserved in the interiors
Interior of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate This staircase, located in the tower, leads to the children's department and therefore this green, unattractive wooden lattice was erected there. To prevent small patients from crawling between the stair railing and leaning over it.
Staircase of the Kushelev-Bezborodko estate Restoration work is already underway behind the rear façade of the estate. there are houses for the staff of medical institutions and former park pavilions.
Rear facade of the estate 
The central alley of the ancient park of the estate The estate park has been landscaped, now it houses a business center, with offices inside the houses various enterprises. Of course, this is no longer a luxurious park, competing with the park of Tsarskoe Selo, but a pitiful semblance of it, but it is better than a wasteland with ruins.
Near the ancient park pavilions there are modern buildings business centers. Several ponds survived.
Restored pavilions of the estate park And I skied on this pond as a child. When I was a child, there were factories around this pond; now the factories are being demolished and business centers and residential areas are being built. Fishermen are trying to catch fish in a pond; I would disdain to eat such fish. And the area next to the pond was then called Babarovka, but I still don’t know why.
Pond in Bezborodko Park near Polyustrovsky Prospekt Squirrels live in the park, although the area cannot be called quiet. On one side there is an embankment with intense traffic, on the other hand, Polyustrovsky Prospekt, also very busy with traffic.
Restored pavilions of the estate park The church in the name of St. Panteleimon was closed in 1923, and later a children's infectious diseases hospital was located there. Attempts are now being made to recreate the building.
Church in the name of the healer Panteleimon, built in 1901 
This is what the church looked like in the 1900s I hope that in a few years I will have the opportunity to write about the updated Kushelev-Bezborodko estate. I plan to make a cultural and business center there.
Prevention of tuberculosis
And a little about the sad thing, I naturally visited this estate on a referral to be examined at a tuberculosis dispensary. As it turned out, this year the Ministry of Health issued an order to examine all children whose Mantoux reaction exceeds 13 mm. The school or kindergarten issues a threatening notice that you must provide a certificate of examination from the tuberculosis dispensary within a month, otherwise the child will not be allowed to attend school.
Interior of a tuberculosis dispensary I recommend making an appointment right away, waiting time is 2-3 weeks. During this time, the child needs to be tested, and all adult family members need to have fluorography, but this is just the beginning. The dispensary will give a referral for a chest X-ray for the child and give him a Diaskintest, this is a type of Mantoux test, which needs to be checked after 72 hours. It is necessary to check it at a dispensary; it is not possible at a district clinic. After this, make another appointment with a TB doctor so that, based on the results of the examination, you will finally be issued the coveted certificate; this can be done without the child.
In total, I was forced to take time off from work 3 times for this entire examination. The tuberculosis dispensary is open from 9 to 18 only on weekdays, there are no options. The child missed training and two lessons. I went to the doctors instead of going to the gym in the morning. A fair question arises: is such an examination justified? Maybe it would be better for our Ministry of Health to direct the money allocated for this large-scale action to really sick children in need of treatment, rather than sending healthy children to doctors.
On the other hand, tuberculosis is, of course, a dangerous infectious disease. And it is not as far from each of us as we would like to think about it. St. Petersburg is a region unfavorable for tuberculosis. Huge overcrowding of the population, poor ecology, and the presence of a large number of migrants all increase the risk of infection.
In my life, I have heard of 4 cases of tuberculosis. My husband worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the 90s. There is a mandatory annual medical examination of all employees, an annual fluorographic examination for all, but two of their employees died of tuberculosis, when the diagnosis was made, nothing could be done.
In the kindergarten where my son went, one girl got sick. It was a normal family, i.e. the girl ate normally, dressed normally, absolutely pleasant parents and such a misfortune. Unfortunately, no one is immune from tuberculosis. Only a strong immune system can save the situation. In St. Petersburg, 90% of the population is infected, but not sick. The disease may never occur, as it does in the vast majority of cases. You need to strengthen your immune system with any diagnosis. I heard a similar story about a sick child in the kindergarten where my nephew goes, from my brother.
Naturally, all children who have been in contact with a sick person are subject to mandatory examination at a tuberculosis dispensary and observation for a year.
The incidence rate in St. Petersburg is about 50 people per 100 thousand population, in general, not so much. Mortality from tuberculosis is 12 people per 100 thousand population.
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