Malyi Vyazemy estate official. Bolshiye Vyazemy. Church of the Life-Giving Trinity

Vyazema Estate(Russia, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Bolshiye Vyazemy), a little away from Mozhaiskoe highway

How to get there? Directions public transport: from Belorussky railway station by electric train to Golitsyno station, then by bus No. 38, No. 39, No. 50 or minibus No. 38, No. 39, No. 79 to the “Institute” stop (3rd stop) or 20 minutes on foot (~ 1 km) . By bus or car: 44 km of Mozhaiskoe highway.

Driving directions

For the first time this name appears in documents of the 16th century, starting in 1556. Under Ivan the Terrible, Vyazemy was the last station before Moscow along the Great Smolensk Road. At the end of the 16th century. here there was a “church of five peaks and a stone dam near a pond,” reports the Piskarevsky chronicler. At the same time, a belfry of the Pskov type was built, which was uncharacteristic for these places in its architecture. It is unknown when the Vyazyomas went to Boris Godunov; The first mention of this dates back to 1585-1586.
Under Godunov, there was a boyar’s house in the village, numerous services, and orchards. But the village still owes its fame to the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord.

The monumental, four-pillar temple on a high arched basement is extremely beautiful. On the sides the building has two aisles, completed with rows of kokoshniks and small domes. The facades are divided by blades into three spindles and completed with semicircular zakomaras. Slit-like windows in profiled embrasures are framed by archivolts. On three sides the building goes around the walkway on arcades. The temple is completed with a canonical five-domed structure.
At the end of the 17th century, or more precisely, in 1694, the estate in Vyazemy was granted by Peter I to his tutor, Prince B.A. Golitsyn “for salvation during the Streltsy riot.” The new owner did not consider Vyazemy as his main patrimony; he gave his main attention to another granted estate - Dubrovitsy.
The manor house was built on May 1, 1784 by the great-grandson of B.A. Golitsyn - retired colonel Nikolai Mikhailovich. The strict architecture of the building is already somewhat archaic for the end of the 18th century. and seems rather to belong to Peter's time. The outbuildings were built earlier than the main house: the left one - in 1771, the right one - in 1772. The Golitsyn Palace was named “House of the Queen of Spades.” The prototype of the heroine of Pushkin's story was Princess N.P. Golitsyna was a powerful woman who enjoyed exceptional influence at court and lived to be almost a hundred years old. Big Vyazemy was owned by her son, Boris Vladimirovich Golitsyn. Thus, the Queen of Spades, contrary to popular belief, was never the mistress of Elm. But she often came here, exercising vigilant control over her family’s property.
Nowadays, all the manor buildings have been renovated; in the main manor house there is a museum and a temple - given to believers.

Main house

Guest outbuilding

Kitchen outbuildings

Church

Belfry

Gatehouse

Church fence

Horse yard

Outbuildings on the horse yard

Monument to A.S. Pushkin

Regular park

Plan of the estate 1949 according to the measurements of E.P. Shchukina

Archival materials of the Vyazema estate

Personalities

B.V. GOLITSYN, 1769-1813, son of brigadier Prince Vladimir Borisovich and Princess Natalya Petrovna, born Countess Chernysheva, elder brother of the Moscow Governor General, His Serene Highness Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich, born January 6, 1769; began service in 1781 in the Semenovsky regiment, in which he served until 1796, to the rank of colonel. During the Polish War of 1794 he was awarded the Order of St. George 4th Art. In 1798 he was promoted to major general, and the following year to lieutenant general. This was the era of the short-lived, but rich in surprises, reign of Paul I, in which extraordinary favors were often followed by the equally rapid fall of a person who had enjoyed honors and influence the day before. Prince Golitsyn, apparently, did not escape the fate of many: on March 24, 1800, he was dismissed from service, “for ordering the drum to be beaten in front of the house of the German consul in Riga, Trompovsky, for so long that Trompovsky’s baby died of fright.” Upon the accession of Emperor Alexander to the throne, he was again accepted into service (March 26, 1801) and then successively made chief of the Pavlovsk Grenadier Regiment (1802) and infantry inspector of the Smolensk Inspectorate. He took part in the main battles of the Patriotic War of 1812 and was wounded near Borodino; from this wound he died in Vilna on January 6, 1813; buried in the village church Bolshie Vyazyomy, Moscow province.
Prince Golitsyn was single, but he left behind two “Zelensky” daughters, one of whom was married to Professor S.P. Shevyrev, and the other, Anna Borisovna, behind Tver Governor Bakunin. Princess Tat. You. Golitsyna, his brother’s wife, “out of kindness, took these orphans in and raised them, but their existence was hidden from the old princess (the prince’s mother, “princesse moustache”).”
In Russian literature, Prince Golitsyn is known as a writer - fiction writer, poet and critic. Having received an excellent education at home, he excellently studied foreign, especially French, literature and was fluent in the language of Moliere and Pacine, as evidenced by a number of his literary critical works on French.
In Russian literature, Golitsyn wrote under the pseudonym Dm. Pimenov and published critical articles and poems in magazines of that time. In 1809 he published in Moscow, Moral Discourses of the Duke de la Rochefoucauld, trans. from French,” about which S. N. Glinka says: “He very successfully translated Rochefoucauld’s thoughts and published them under someone else’s name.”
According to the same Glinka, Prince Golitsyn was a truly Russian man in his soul and in his convictions. “I want to study in Russia in Russian,” he said, and to be Russian. I read a lot in French and, to my shame, studied little Russian. Cato the Elder began to study the Greek alphabet; some people condemned him for this, but not me. Starting to Russian teaching, I will say in Russian: “live forever, learn forever.” He convinced Merzlyakov to teach him Russian literature, and Kalaidovich to teach him Russian history. Prince B.V. Golitsyn started Russian evenings at which everything Russian was read, and the owner of the house had the reputation of being stopped when he mixed French with Russian. As a superb dancer, he had the nickname "Boris-Yestris"; according to a contemporary, he was “very good-looking, smart, and in his time received an education like few others.”

(From a portrait painted by Izabe; property of Prince N.I. Obolensky, in Moscow)

V.V. Suslov Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and belfry, in the village of Vyazemakh, Moscow province, Zvenigorod district

V.V. Suslov Monuments of ancient Russian architecture, c. 2, St. Petersburg, 1896

The said village, Vyazemskaya Stan, is located 15 versts to the south-east. from the city of Zvenigorod, near the Smolensk tract, near the Vyazemka River (1). It belonged to Tsar Boris Fedorovich Godunov (d. 1605), and after his death it was assigned to the Palace Department.
At the end of the 16th century. there was a stone church here in the name of Life-Giving Trinity, the construction time of which remained unknown (2). In 1680, it was included in the Zagorodskaya tithe.
In addition to the Trinity Church, in the village of Vyazemy there were in the 16th century. the temple in the name of Nicholas the Wonderworker with chapels (Athanasius of Alexandria, Sergius of Radonezh and the noble princes Boris and Gleb) and the monastery of John the Theologian. Both churches were destroyed in the 17th century, along with peasant households, by Lithuania.
In the scribe books of 7139 - 7141 (1631-1633), by the way, it is mentioned: “... there is a stone dam near the village of Vyazemoya, the sovereign’s pond,...”.
Under 7154 (1646) it is indicated that “in the village of Nikolskoye, on Vyazema, there is the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, and in the border the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and other borders stand empty without singing...” (3).
According to the scribe books of the steward Ivan Afrosimov, and the clerk Ivan Vasilyev, 183, 184 and 185 (1675 - 1677) - “the village of Nikolskoye, Vyazema, also, on both sides of the Vyazema river, and in the village there is a stone church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, and at that the church has two stone limits: the limit of the Annunciation Holy Mother of God, but the border of the Archangel Michael is not consecrated, and near that church is the place that was the monastery of John the Theologian, and the church place of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker from the borders,...”
7202 (1694) March 23, according to the personal decree of the great sovereigns, the palace village of Vyazemy was granted to the boyar Prince Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn as a patrimony, and in the same year it was approved for him by a book of refusal. At this time, in the village, in addition to the Trinity Church, there was a wooden church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with all kinds of church utensils (4). In 1701, Prince Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn divided the estates between his children, princes Alexei, Sergei and Vasily. The last one got the village of Nikolskoye - Vyazemy, where in 1702 there was a stone church in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord.
After Prince Vasily Borisovich Golitsyn, the estate was owned by his son, Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich (d. January 13, 1749), and from him it passed to his widow, Prince. Avdotya Mikhailovna with children princes Nikolai, Vasily and Alexander. The latter, in 1755, divided the estate among themselves, and the village of Vyazemy went to Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn (5).
We find some indications about the village of Vyazema, by the way, in the diary of Marina Mnishek (6), which says: “On May 2, the queen had her overnight stay in Mozhaisk, and Pan Voevoda in the village of Vyazema, 6 miles from Moscow. This village belonged to the deceased Tsar Boris. It has a palace, quite extensive, surrounded by a front garden and surrounded by a moat with slingshots. Near the palace there is a stone church, very handsome; The icons and candlesticks in it are rich and beautifully crafted.” Elsewhere it is described that “the palace is made of wood, but it is beautiful and even magnificent. The door locks in it are gilded with red gold; the stoves are green, and some are surrounded by silver grates.” The diary of the Polish ambassadors Olesnitsky and Gonsevsky (16-6) states that “in Vyazema there is a stone church; its fence, with six sharp wooden towers, looks like a fortress” (7).
In the existing descriptions of the village of Vyazema, it is strange that before 1702 the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord is not mentioned. The time of its construction thus becomes guesswork. Local residents attribute the construction of this church to Tsar Boris Godunov and date it back to the same time as the construction of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in Moscow. This legend, judging by the general architectural forms and details of the temple, is quite probable, which is partly indicated by the crown preserved on the middle dome.
The Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord survived almost in its original form - only the staircase leading to the second floor of the church was destroyed. Based on local guidelines, it was open and led directly to the middle arch of the upper gallery. Based on these instructions, the staircase in the drawings was restored.
The church in question has a structure that was usual in its time; with two chapels, an under-church and a two-story open gallery. It was apparently built entirely of white stone; at least the front sides of the church, with the exception of the drums and the zakomar of the main quadrangle, are lined with white stone. The upper parts are made of brick without cladding. It is difficult to say whether the church was originally covered with vaults, or, as at present, with a hipped roof. By analogy with other church monuments of the same period, we have to speak out for the first.
The external decorations have rather small profiles, which by their nature, like the recesses on the pilasters (above the gallery), indicate some influence in the construction of Italian architecture.
The western part of the temple is somewhat elongated and therefore special arches are built under the small drums. In church aisles, the drums are each placed on four arches, some of which go in a north-south direction, while others (creeping) are in the opposite order and rest on the cheek surfaces of the first. The door from the gallery to the northern aisle has been widened. The walls separating the altar from the church, to which the iconostasis is attached, are low and have the appearance of a barrier. The construction of the church is quite correct in terms of symmetry and accuracy of size, which is relatively rare in ancient Russian churches.
A few fathoms from the temple, to the northwest, there is a very interesting stone belfry. It has been completely preserved in its original form, with the exception of the top covering of the walls, which has not survived at all. The restoration of the roofs is shown in a perspective view of the building. The belfry platform and staircase are supported by a box vault open from the outside. From the belfry platform, stone gutters are laid through the railings. The belfry is made of brick; the horizontal cornices are made of stone slabs and their profiles resemble the platbands of the church itself. By overall impression, the belfry seems to have been built at the same time as the church. There are currently no bells on the belfry and the building seems somewhat neglected.

Semenov “Geographical-Statistical Dictionary” vol. I 1862 p. 585

We find information about this church in the parish books of the Patriarchal Kaz. Order for 7136 (1628) and in census books from the city of Dmitrov, Boris and Gleb Monastery of Archimandrite Pitirim. V and G. Kholmogorov “Historical materials about churches and villages of the XVI-XVIII centuries,” vol. III

Under 7164 (1655), it is said that “on December 8, the patriarch (Nikon) went to the sovereign’s palace village of Vyazema to meet the sovereign...”

It was indicated above that the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was destroyed by Lithuania; here again it is said about the existing Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker; whether the church was just destroyed or built again is not clear from the case

V. and G. Kholmogorov “Historical materials about churches and villages of the 16th - 18th centuries,” vol. III, pp. 195 - 200

Ustryalov “The Tale of Contemporaries about Demetrius the Pretender”

Ibid. p. 123 The said palace and towers do not currently exist

S. Veselovsky Estate Big Vyazemy

Living in Zakharov, the Pushkins often visited Bolshie Vyazemy, located nearby. Everything here was shrouded in ancient legends about the former owner of these places, Boris Godunov. “They also point out ponds, as if dug at his behest... Probably, young Pushkin was often told about the former tsar, the ruler of the village. Thus, we meet,” notes P.V. Annenkov, - even in Pushkin’s childhood with objects that were later brought to life by his genius.”
One of the sources when the poet worked on “Boris Godunov” was “History of the Russian State” by N.M. Karamzin. Bolshiye Vyazemy is also mentioned in it. Reading about the “military fun” of False Dmitry that took place here, about Marina Mnishek’s passage through this area, Pushkin could supplement these descriptions with his own memories of this area.

A visitor to Bolshie Vyazi can still pay attention to a small column made of gray stone standing next to an interestingly designed church fence. This is a monument at the grave of N.S. Pushkin, who died in Zakharov in 1807. The death of his younger brother is one of the difficult impressions of the great poet’s childhood. He mentions her in the sketches of the plan for the autobiographical notes he marked.
In Pushkin's time (from 1803) Bolshie Vyazemy belonged to B.V. Golitsyn. Having received an excellent education abroad, Golitsyn made a military career, in particular, fighting under the banner of Suvorov. However, during the reign of Paul, having risen to the rank of lieutenant general, he was forced to resign.

Having settled in Moscow, B.V. Golitsyn studies Russian history, is interested in collecting ancient manuscripts, spending most of the year in Bolshie Vyazemy.
An English traveler who visited Moscow in 1805 writes: “We spent the evening with Prince. Boris Vladimirovich Golitsyn. Here I saw all your poetry: Zhukovsky, Kokoshkin, Merzlyakov and many, many other of your poets and prose writers. The owner was unusually kind, affectionate and friendly with everyone... Sometimes I wonder where Moscow got so many friendly people from!” In 1811 B.V. Golitsyn received Napoleon’s opponent, the famous writer de Stael, who had fled from France.

He was very close to I.I. Dmitriev, and A.F. Merzlyakov belonged to his circle of friends and often visited Bolshie Vyazemy. Merzlyakov awakened B.V. Golitsyn's interest in monuments of Russian literature and folk literature. On the initiative of B.V. Golitsyna A.F. At the beginning of the year, Merzlyakov began public readings on literature and theory of fine arts in his Moscow house. These readings were a great public event and the first public lectures in Russia. They were interrupted by the war with Napoleon.
Since the beginning of hostilities B.V. Golitsyn left for the army. During the Battle of Borodino he was with M.I. Kutuzov and, while conveying his orders to the troops, was seriously wounded. Ashes B.V. Golitsyn, who died from a wound in January 1813, was transported to Bolshiye Vyazemy and buried in the local church.
After the Battle of Borodino, the Russian army stopped in Bolshie Vyazemy for the night. M.I. lived in the manor house. Kutuzov. In one of his letters, he says: “I am at Vyazem, but since there is no position here, General Bennigsen went back to look for a place where it would be more convenient to fight.”

B.V. Golitsyna’s mother, Natalya Petrovna, the “Queen of Spades,” visited Bolshie Vyazemy several times. She really is, as Tomsky says in the story by A.S. Pushkin, “went to Paris and was there in big fashion. People ran after her to see “La Venus moscovite” (Moscow Venus). Daughter of P.G. Chernyshev, envoy to the English and French courts, N.P. Golitsyn spent her youth abroad, participated in court evenings. N.P. Golitsyna was immensely power-hungry and arrogant. As A.S. writes Pushkin, “she hosted the whole city, observing strict etiquette and not recognizing anyone by sight.” At the same time, N.P. Golitsyna, according to contemporaries, was “a great master of managing her own affairs,” significantly increased the family’s fortune, and the management of the Bolshie Vyazes farm was more subordinate to her than to the owner of the estate, B.V. Golitsyn.

On April 7, 1834, a month after the publication of the story, A. S. Pushkin wrote in his diary: “My Queen of Spades is in great fashion - players punt on three, seven and ace. At court they found similarities between the old countess and the prince. Natalya Petrovna and they don’t seem to be angry...” N.P. Golitsyna outlived the great poet by only a few months. She died in December 1837 at the age of 97.
The outstanding therapist Professor M. Ya. Mudrov had close relations with the Golitsyn family. He often spent the summer in Bolshie Vyazemy. Mudrov was one of the famous doctors in Moscow and was considered an unsurpassed diagnostician. L.N. Tolstoy writes in War and Peace that, having visited the sick Natasha Rostova, “Mudrov identified the disease even better” than other Moscow celebrities.

Bolshie Vyazemy is located on the large Smolensk road. According to the explanation of the famous historian I.E. Zabelina, this name means “generally a connection or connection, a union of one area with another, or, rather, one path with another.” Since ancient times, this road has connected Moscow with the West; ambassadors and merchants passed along it. The last Yamsk station before entering Moscow was located in Bolshie Vyazemy. In the play “Dmitry the Pretender and Vasily Shuisky” A.N. Ostrovsky mentions the presence of Marina Mnishek’s father here.
Every summer during his youth, A.I. drove along this busy road. Herzen. Talking about his trips to Vasilyevskoye in “Byloye and Thoughts,” he recalls how “a few miles from Vyazema, the Vasilievsky elder was waiting for Prince Golitsyn, on horseback, at the edge of the forest, and escorted him along a country road.”

Bolshiye Vyazemy is also connected with N.V. Gogol, who in the summer of 1849 visited Moscow University professor S.P. who lived here. Shevyrev and read to him the first chapters of the second volume of Dead Souls.

Bolshie Vyazemy is a large urban-type settlement located 20 kilometers from the city of Odintsovo in the Moscow region.

First of all, Vyazemy is associated with the name of Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich spent his entire childhood, right up to entering the lyceum, in the Zakharovo estate, located next to Bolshie Vyazemy. Zakharovo belonged to the poet’s maternal grandmother, Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. It was in Zakharovo and Vyazemy that Pushkin first encountered Russian nature, the life of landowners and peasants, and here he began to write his first poems.

There was no church on Maria Alekseevna’s estate, and the Pushkins went to Vyazemy for church services. At one of the balls held in Vyazemy, the poet first met Natalya Goncharova.

Two estates are reflected in the poem “Eugene Onegin”. Zakharovo became the prototype of the Larins’ estate, and Bolshiye Vyazemy became the Onegin’s house. The palace of Golitsyn, the owner of the estate in Bolshiye Vazemy, is called the House of the Queen of Spades. Pushkin never hid the fact that the prototype of the main character of the story was Princess N.P. Golitsyna, mother of the owner of the Vyazema estate. The history of this estate is connected not only with the Golitsyn family, but also with other famous families. With which ones?.. You will find out by reading the text to the end.

Bolshie Vyazemy - history

Now Bolshie Vyazemy ranks second in the Odintsovo district in terms of the number of industrial enterprises. But was it always like this? Why is Bolshie Vyazemy attractive for sightseeing tours? Let's go back four and a half centuries.

In Russia they learned about Bolshie Vyazemy in 1556. Here one could stop in order to change horses and rest before arriving in Moscow - not yet an estate, but a Yamsk station. Bolshiye Vyazemy was the last stop on the Smolensk road before arriving in the capital. Here, meetings were often scheduled with foreign ambassadors who were not given the honor of being received at a luxurious reception in the royal chambers.

Perhaps it was political importance that played a decisive role in the fact that in 1586 Bolshiye Vyazemy was granted to Boris Godunov. He immediately started construction at the pit station.

Big Vyazemy is changing before our eyes. A manor house, St. Nicholas Church, and the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord grew up. Pawned St. John the Theologian Monastery, building under construction trade fairs. Boris Godunov surrounds all this splendor with a wooden wall with five watchtowers. Bolshie Vyazemy is essentially turning into a fortress.

During the Time of Troubles, Bolshiye Vyazemy became the country palace of False Dmitry. In 1606, Maria Mniszech stopped here. She brought with her a retinue of thousands and stayed in the palace for only a short time. And after her departure, a strong fire broke out in the Bolshie Vyazemy estate, destroying most of the estate. The Time of Troubles was generous with uprisings, which often ended in fires. In one of them, Boris Godunov’s tower burned down...

Mikhail Fedorovich, the founder of the Romanov dynasty, who came to power, in 1618 assigned the Bolshie Vyazemy estate to the palace department.

The next few decades were not marked by any important events. The buildings of Big Elms are slowly beginning to wither away.

In 1694, thanks to Peter the Great, the estate became the property of Boris Golitsyn and since then Bolshie Vyazemy has been forever associated with the Golitsyn family. And, although the associate of the first Russian emperor already had the comfortable estate of Dubrovitsa, he put a lot of effort into reviving Vyazem. Peter I himself came to Bolshie Vyazemy only twice - in 1701 and 1705.

In Bolshiye Vyazemy, in addition to the manor house, there was a cloth factory, two mills, a horse farm and a dam. The village consisted of 30 households. At the end of the 18th century, a palace was built here, around which beautiful park. I loved to walk along it A.S. Pushkin, arriving in Vyazemy.

An interesting fact is that in 1812 both Kutuzov and Napoleon stayed in Bolshie Vyazemy. No documentary evidence has been preserved, but they say that they could spend the night in the same room with a difference of only a day!

Pavel I and N.V. also visited Bolshie Vyazemy. Gogol, L.N. Tolstoy.

The last owner of the estate, Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn, established a suburban village. The beautiful, truly Russian area fell in love with the Russian aristocracy.

But the revolution came, and Vyazemy turned into a state farm. The manor house houses a shelter for street children. Subsequently, a dozen different institutions replaced each other in the Bolshie Vyazemy estate: a sanatorium, a parachute school, a tank school, and various institutes.

About 60 valuables were taken from the estate, among which were an engraving depicting the Golitsyn family tree and family jewelry. Unique family books have been distributed to regional libraries.

What can you see when you come to Bolshiye Vyazemy from excursion tour?

It’s good that people have the habit of coming to their senses on time. At the end of the 1980s, local historians began to create a museum in Bolshie Vyazemy.

And in 1994, a Pushkin Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve, consisting of two estates - Zakharovo and Bolshiye Vyazemy. In the same year, the museum was awarded the title of State Museum-Reserve.

Now, coming to Bolshie Vyazemy with one day tour, you can see the palace and park ensemble, which has preserved elements of the 16th century, the Church of the Transfiguration, a palace with two wings, a belfry, several domestic buildings and a park of the 19th century.

The museum is very interesting, it presents a wide variety of exhibitions - there are even doll rooms and tin soldiers in 19th-century uniforms. The interiors of the rooms, the uniforms, the portraits of the owners... It’s truly cozy here, you don’t want to leave.

In Zakharov there is a pond on the bank of which Pushkin loved to sit, choosing rhymes for words. The manor building has been completely restored and houses "museum of childhood" of the poet. Truly unique items telling about the culture of the 17th-19th centuries are stored here.

If you value the heritage we inherited from the best representatives of the Russian aristocracy, if you want to introduce your children to the history of Russia, inseparable from the history of individual people, you definitely need to go to Bolshie Vyazemy for the weekend. Walk along the alleys of the park, sit by the pond, visit exhibitions, see the original belfry and go to the temple... We can say with confidence that the Bolshiye Vyazemy estate will not disappoint and will be remembered for a long time.

The Bolshie Vyazemy estate is located in the village of the same name in the Odintsovo district, not far from the town of Golitsyno. On the territory of the estate there are buildings from the 16th-19th centuries. Together with the Zakharovo estate, it is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin, created in 1987.

History of the Bolshiye Vyazemy estate

The estate in Vyazemy is a very significant architectural and literary historical monument. Besides the fact that the great Russian poet often visited here, this place is different years Many famous people visited.

The great history of the estate began in the 16th century, after Tsar Fyodor Ioanovich donated these lands to Boris Godunov, who started a large construction project here. For example, a dam dammed a river. Vyazemka was built by his decree and has survived to this day. Also, during his reign one of the oldest churches Moscow region, also preserved to this day - the Transfiguration Cathedral.

The remaining buildings, including Godunov's tower, have not survived.

In troubled times, the estate became the country residence of False Dmitry I. Under Peter I, it was donated to Prince Boris Golitsyn, after which it became the estate of the Golitsyn princes for many years.

Vyazema estate XVIII century. View from the side of Smolenskaya Dogori (Mozhaisk Highway)

Interesting facts about the Vyazema estate

It was in this estate, at a ball, that Pushkin met his future wife Natalya Goncharova.
Princess Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, who lived here, served as the prototype for the old countess from Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades.”
The estate itself became the prototype of the estate of Eugene Onegin, described in the poet’s work of the same name.

The territory of the A. Pushkin Museum-Reserve in Vyazemy

The territory of the estate is full of various historical objects. It is especially interesting here in the summer, when the boat station and horse yard are open. But even in winter there is something to see here.

First of all, this is, of course, the Transfiguration Cathedral with its belfry, which is uncharacteristic of the architecture of these places.

Under the walls of the cathedral lies Lieutenant Colonel Gerasim Osorgin.

And here you can see the grave of Pushkin’s younger brother, who died at the age of six.

There are many signs and QR codes throughout the estate, thanks to which you can instantly find out all the necessary information about the exhibit.

The central building of the estate is the Golitsyn Palace, built in 1784.

Now this building houses the Pushkin Museum, which displays exhibits related not only to the poet. Admission is paid, but on some days admission to the museum is free, for example on.

Next to the palace there is a park in which we can see several monuments.

The first is dedicated to Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn. A participant in the War of 1812, as well as the owner of the estate in the period from 1813 to 1844.

The second one was installed in honor of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin himself.

And the third one was installed in memory of the Russian and French armies stopping here during the Patriotic War of 1812. First, during the retreat to Moscow, Kutuzov, and then Napoleon, stayed here.

In general, there is still a lot of interesting things here. Come and see for yourself!

Address and map of the prezd

Address: Moscow region, Odintsovo district, pos. Bolshie Vyazemy.

How to get there on your own: Get to the Golitsyno station (Belorusskaya line), then by bus No. 38, No. 50, minibus No. 38, No. 79, No. 1055 to the “Institute” stop (3rd in a row). From the railway The station can also be reached on foot (travel time about 20 minutes).

Continuing the topic about. In the palace of the Vyazema estate there is a large exhibition dedicated to the Golitsyn family and the history of the estate since the 18th century. The main manor house was built in 1784 by Prince N.M. Golitsyn in the style of early French classicism. After Paul I and his sons visited the estate in 1797, the house began to be called the Palace. IN different time A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, M.P. Pogodin, M.I. Kutuzov, Napoleon, Paul I and many others visited the palace. During World War II, the headquarters of the Russian army was located here, and after its departure, French institutions were located here. Now in the exhibition you can see portraits of the owners of the estate, restored interiors of rooms, furniture and household items, many paintings and engravings of the 17th-19th centuries. Below is a photo tour of the Vyazema estate palace.
Photos are clickable, with geographical coordinates and linked to a Yandex map, 02.2016.

1. Scheme of museum exhibitions in the Vyazema estate palace

Dining room
2. Dining room

3. Portrait of Prince Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn (1654-1714), the first owner of Vyazem from the family of princes Golitsyn. Unknown artist, early 18th century, copy. It belonged to him

4. Portrait of Count G.P. Chernyshov) 1672-1745), grandfather of the prince. P.P.Golitsyna, 1st floor. 18 in; portrait of Count Z.G. Chernyshov (1722-1784), grandfather of the prince. P.P.Golitsyna, A.Roslen, 1770s; portrait of Countess E.A. Chernyshova (1715-1779), mother of the prince. N.P.Golitsyn, A.Roslen, 1776. Bottom right is Prince A.M.Golitsyn (1723-1807), unknown. artist, 1780s. All portraits are copies

5. Prince N.F. Golitsyn, unknown artist, 1730s, copy

Salon (round living room)
6. Salon, from above Apostle Peter, unknown artist 17th century, Italy

8. Sleeping Ariadne, unknown sculptor, copy

9. View of the city of Pompeii, 1830, Italy, Rome, aquatint

10. Square with a fountain, 18th century, Western Europe, etching

11. Square with a fountain and two carriages, 18th century, Western Europe, etching

12. View of the Chausy Palace on the banks of the Seine, 1803, England, engraving

13. Fontainebleau

14. Salon. Madonna of the Sorrows, Guido Reni, 1630-1640, Italy

Boudoir
15. Boudoir, state bedroom of Prince N.M. Golitsyn

16. Palace and park ensemble, fragment, based on a drawing by F. Guarneri, 18th century, Italy, etching

17. Fountain of Apollo in Versailles, drawing and etching by J. Dankers, 18th century, France

18. Fountain of Ceres in Versailles, drawing and etching by J. Dankers, 18th century, France

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20. Demolition of the Bastille, kushe-son based on the drawing of the Sea, last quarter of the 18th century, France

Men's office
21. Estate office of the Moscow Governor-General, Prince. D.V. Golitsyn. Portrait of Prince D.V. Golitsyn (1771-1844), F.N. Riss, 1835, copy; portrait of Princess T.V. Golitsyna (1783-1841), F.N. Riss, 1835, copy; portrait of Emperor Nicholas I, unknown. artist, type of F. Kruger, 1850s, Russia

22. Gala reception on the occasion of the presentation of the book. Bust of D.V. Golitsyn on a malachite pedestal from the Moscow merchants, 19th century, engraving

23. View of the Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg, 19th century, engraving

24. The Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles, Corneli, 574, etching

25. Seascape with fishing boats and fishermen, C. Vernet, author’s repetition of the 19th century

26. A sad procession to accompany the body of the late Sovereign Emperor Alexander I in Bose, 1825, Russia, paper, ink

Masonic Hall
27. Masonic Hall

28. Palace and park ensemble and cascade of fountains in Kassel, engraving by A. Speculus from a drawing by F. Guarneri, Italy, 18th century

29. Mercy of Samaritan, engraving by A. Bereznikov, Russia, turn of the 18th-19th centuries.

30. Portraits of famous masons

31. Masonic accessories: elements of vestments; diploma of the Masonic lodge "Palestine", issued to book publisher A. Semyon in 1812 (in the center); sword in a sheath with knightly symbols, Western Europe, early 20th century.

Pink living room
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33. Lady against the background of Gothic ruins, unknown artist, Western Europe, 18th century.

Foreign library
34. Here September 11, 1812 M.I. Kutuzov’s office was located. Kutuzov's headquarters were located in the Vyazema estate on September 11 and 12, 1812. The exhibition in the foreign library is dedicated to the commanders of the Patriotic War of 1812

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37. List of peasant warriors of the Moscow militia from the Vyazema estate, awarded in 1813 with the medal “In Memory of the Patriotic War of 1812.”

French hall
38. After the departure of the Russian army, On September 12, 1812, the palace was occupied by I. Murat, the Neapolitan king, along with the vanguard of the French army. On September 13, at 13:30, Emperor Napoleon arrives in Vyazemy in a carriage (he was sick and could not sit on a horse). Napoleon settled in the village of Borisovka, from where he left on the morning of September 14 and was already at Vorobyovy Gory at 10 o’clock. Throughout September and October, Vyazemy was on the main communication line of the Grand Army.

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41. Grand staircase with hunting trophies

Hunting cabinet
42. Hunting cabinet

On one of the fine autumn days, we went to Bolshie Vyazemy to look at the majestic Transfiguration Church, the furnishings of the manor house, the stable building and the surrounding landscapes. The origin of the word “Vyazyomy” is not precisely established. There are two main theories. According to the first, the word comes from the Slavic “viscous”, perhaps this is due to the viscous banks of the river flowing through the territory of the estate, which bears the name Bolshaya Vyazemka, similar to the estate. Another theory attributes the word “vyazema” to Finno-Ugric roots, characteristic of the hydronymy of the Russian North (the rivers Kama, Lakshma, Lekshma, Padma).

Monument to A.S. Pushkin. 1999
sculptor Yu.S. Dines, architect A.V. Klimochkin.

Manor park. Autumn.

Back in 1585, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich granted Bolshie Vyazemy as the patrimony of Boris Godunov, and from the early 90s of the 16th century, Boris Godunov began large-scale construction in his new possession. At this time, the estate was built wooden palace, boyar's house, numerous services, orchards. By the end of the sixteenth century, a five-domed temple in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord with a belfry was built on the estate.

The entire complex of manor buildings was surrounded by a wooden wall with five towers. Additionally, the walls were reinforced with a moat. Thus, by the end of the 16th century, the entire complex was a well-defended, powerful fortress. The defensive structures of the estate have not survived to this day, which is understandable; the need for them disappeared a long time ago.

Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Church in the village of Bolshie Vyazemy

In the era of troubles, Bolshie Vyazyomy became the residence of False Dmitry - his country palace and here, on the way to her fiancé in the spring of 1606, Marina Mnishek stopped with her retinue of thousands. After her departure, a terrible fire broke out on the estate, destroying more than half of the village. In one of the fires of the Time of Troubles, the wooden palace of Boris Godunov also burned down.

Clergyman's house

Parochial school. The building is modern.

Lower Golitsynsky pond, on the Bolshaya Vyazemka River. Also known as the Gosudarev Pond.

After Mikhail Fedorovich came to the kingdom, in 1618 the Vyazemys were assigned to the palace department. And in 1694, Peter the Great granted the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn, “for his salvation during the Streltsy revolt.” Despite the fact that the prince visited here rarely, considering Dubrovitsy his main estate, the prince made a lot of efforts to revive Big Elms. He restored the ruined Trinity Church, reconsecrated the Church of the Transfiguration, and rebuilt the palace. According to the diaries of Peter the Great, the emperor visited Bolshie Vyazemy while passing through in 1701 and 1705. The manor house in Bolshiye Vyazemy was built on May 1, 1784 by the great-grandson of Prince Boris Golitsyn, retired colonel Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn. The date of construction is indicated by the bas-relief on the pediment of the house.

Next there will be many pictures of the interior decoration of the manor house, which is probably more correctly called a villa.

The War of 1812 did not cause much damage to the estate. After the Battle of Borodino, on the way to Moscow, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, stopped in Bolshie Vyazemy. And a few hours after his departure, Emperor Napoleon arrived at the estate. The Drakun and infantry corps were stationed in Golitsyn's palace. In memory of those days, a memorial sign in honor of the stopping of two armies in the Patriotic War of 1812.

A sign in memory of the stop of two armies in Vyazemy during the Patriotic War of 1812.

In 1882, a new owner appeared on the estate - the son of His Serene Highness Prince Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn. With his appearance, the estate returned to its former amenities. In 1908, the new owner established an estate in the vicinity of the estate. suburban village, for which a part of the land is allocated, separated by the railway. Over time, the current city of Golitsyno was formed on the site of the village. Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn became the last owner of the Bolshie Vyazemy estate.
The changes that 1917 brought to Russia did not bypass the Golitsyn estate.

We go up to the second floor. There are many more pictures of the interior of the manor house.

In the fall of 1918 and spring of 1919, more than 60 items of cultural and historical value were taken from the estate to the National Museum Fund, among which was an engraving depicting the family tree of the Golitsyn princes. The family jewels of the Golitsyn family were later transferred to the Armory Chamber. A unique collection of books, more than 30 thousand volumes, collected by Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, was distributed to libraries. The estate was used as a colony for homeless people, then as a sanatorium for old Bolsheviks, a school for pilots and paratroopers, a tank school, and an evacuation hospital. By the way, during the First World War, there was also an infirmary with 50 beds.

Former stable. Its restoration is currently underway.

After the hospital was closed, the educational zootechnical institute of horse breeding was located on the territory of the estate, which was personally supervised by Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny, who visited the estate several times. In 1952, he laid the first stone in the foundation of the new building of the institute.

School of Arts, formerly the building of the Institute of Horse Breeding.

Not far from Bolshie Vyazya is the Zakharovo estate, the former estate of the grandmother of the great Russian poet Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. Here, in his grandmother’s estate near Moscow, the future poet first saw the beauty of Russian nature, peasant round dances, heard folk songs, and became acquainted with peasant life. These first childhood impressions shaped his views on life. In these places near Moscow he began to write his first poems.

The grave of Pushkin's brother Nikolai, who died at the age of six.

There are several more ancient tombstones nearby.

The love story of Alexander Sergeevich for Natalya Goncharova is also connected with Bolshiye Vyazemy. It was here, in the estate, at one of the balls organized by Prince Golitsyn, that Pushkin first saw Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. The Bolshie Vyazemy estate appears more than once in the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It is believed that in the novel “Eugene Onegin” Zakharovo serves as a prototype for the Larins’ estate, and Bolshiye Vyazemy became the basis for the description of Onegin’s estate. Now the Bolshie Vyazemy estate, like the Zakharovo estate, is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin. In the Golitsyn Palace, among the interiors of the 18th -19th centuries. Golitsyn readings “History of the Fatherland” are held. You can get to the estate from the Belorussky train station by train to the stop "Statsiya Golitsyno". Walking distance from the station is about 1 km. You can also get from the station by bus or minibuses. Don’t even think about getting off at the Malye Vyazemy station; you’ll get lost and get lost. By car you need to take the Mozhaisk highway. Without entering the village of Vyazemy itself, turn left before the bridge, and after about 200 meters turn right to the parking lot near the Church of the Transfiguration.

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