Big elms that. The Golitsyn estate is large vyazemy. Library of Russian Literature

Origin of the word " Vyazyomy"It is not precisely established. There are two main theories. According to the first, the word comes from the Slavic " viscous", describing the muddy bottom of the nearest rivers. Another theory attributes the word “vyazema” to Finno-Ugric roots, which corresponds to the ending -ma , characteristic of the hydronymy of the Russian North (the rivers Kama, Lakshma, Lekshma, Padma). Be that as it may, the first mentions of Bolshiye Vyazemy refer to mid-16th century- for the first time this name appears in the chronicles of 1556, in a spiritual document Ivan Kalita. While Vyazyomy was the last station on Great Smolensk road before Moscow - " residual pit on Vyazema" Vyazemy is mentioned as a place of meetings with foreign ambassadors.

Approximately in 1585-1586 years king Fedor Ioannovich gave Bolshie Vyazemy to the patrimony Boris Godunov, and from the beginning of the 90s of the 16th century, Boris Godunov began large construction in his new possession. At this time, the estate was built wooden palace, boyar's house, numerous services, orchards. By the end of the sixteenth century ( 1598) a five-domed four-pillar was built on the estate. As stated in the Piskarev Chronicles " Church of the Five Peaks and a stone dam near the pond". On the territory of the estate there was also a wooden Boris Godunov's mansion, St. Nicholas Church, fair building, St. John the Theologian Monastery. The entire complex of buildings was surrounded by a wooden wall with five towers. Additionally, the walls were reinforced with a moat. Thus, to end of the 16th century the entire complex of buildings was a well-protected, powerful fortress. Unfortunately, only the building of the cathedral and the belfry have survived to our times, however, even now from the river side you can see the remains of the ramparts.

In an era of troubled times Bolshie Vyazyomy became a residence False Dmitry- here was his country palace and here, on the way to his fiance in the spring 1606 stayed for a year Marina Mnishek with his retinue of thousands. After her departure, a terrible fire broke out on the estate, destroying more than half of the village. In one of the fires of the Time of Troubles, the wooden palace of Boris Godunov also burned down.

After Mikhail Fedorovich came to the kingdom, 1618 year Vyazyomy were attributed to the palace department.
IN 1694 year Peter the First granted the estate to the prince Boris Golitsyn, "for rescue during the Streltsy riot"Despite the fact that the prince was here rarely, considering it his main estate, Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn put a lot of effort into revival of Big Elms. He restored the destroyed Trinity Church, reconsecrated the church in Preobrazhenskaya, rebuilt the palace. According to the diaries Peter the Great, the emperor visited Bolshie Vyazyomy passing through 1701 and 1705.

Manor house in Bolshiye Vyazemy was built 1 May 1784 great-grandson of Prince Boris Golitsyn, retired colonel Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn. It tells about the date of construction bas-relief on the pediment of the house - "May 1st, 1784"The architecture of the main manor house is not typical of the end of the 18th century. In its archaic nature, it is rather closer to the time of Peter the Great. Outbuildings in the estate were built a little earlier than the main house - in 1771 (left) and in 1772 (right) years. 1797 the year was significant for the estate in that on May 3, the owner of the estate Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn, being by that time the Leader of the nobility of the Zvenigorod district, gave lunch Emperor Paul the First, who visited eminent Moscow nobles after the coronation.

IN first half of the 19th century century, the estate passes to the sons of Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna - Boris Vladimirovich and Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn. Boris Vladimirovich received Bolshie Vyazemy as an inheritance from his uncle, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn. With the beginning of the Patriotic War 1812 year, he and his brother Dmitry Vladimirovich, military generals, went into the active army, although they were retired by that time.

Patriotic War of 1812

Boris Vladimirovich Golitsyn died in January 1813. His ashes were buried in Church of the Transfiguration under a marble tombstone with an image of a mourning angel and an inscription of a verse from the biblical Book of Fates. After the 1917 revolution, the tombstone was moved to the Donskoy Monastery, to the family tomb of the Golitsyn princes.

The War of 1812 did not cause much damage to the estate. After Battle of Borodino, on the way to Moscow in Bolshiye Vyazemy The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army stopped Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. And a few hours after his departure, the emperor arrived at the estate Napoleon. The Drakun and infantry corps were stationed in Golitsyn's palace. In memory of those days, a memorial sign in honor of the stopping of two armies in the Patriotic War of 1812. After the Battle of Borodino in Bolshie Vyazyomy delivered a mortally wounded general Bagration, where the prince received medical assistance.

After the War of 1812, the owner of the estate became Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn. In 1820 the prince became military governor general of Moscow and remained in this position for more than twenty years. Dmitry Vladimirovich died in 1844 and was buried, like all the Golitsyns, in the Donskoy Monastery. Through the efforts of Dmitry Vladimirovich by the middle of the 19th century Bolshie Vyazemy become storage many valuable family documents Golitsyn archive, an extensive book collection, collections of paintings and decorative arts.

Sunset of the Bolshie Vyazyomy estate

After the death of Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, the estate was inherited by his son, His Serene Highness Prince Boris Dmitrievich Golitsyn. However, the new owner lived in France, which did not contribute to the prosperity of the estate. And gradually the estate began to fall into disrepair. This continued until 1882 year, the new owner, the son of His Serene Highness, did not settle in the estate Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn. With his appearance, the estate returned to its former amenities. IN 1908 year D. B. Golitsyn arranges in the vicinity of the estate suburban village, for which a part of the land is allocated, separated by the railway. Over time, the current one was formed on the site of the village. Golitsyno city. The territory of the village was cut through by 13 avenues, driveways and highways with street lighting. Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn became last owner of the estate Bolshie Vyazyomy.
The changes that 1917 brought to Russia did not bypass the Golitsyn estate.

Recent History of the Bolshie Vyazyo estate

in autumn 1918 year and spring 1919 years from the estate to the National Museum Fund was exported more than 60 items of cultural and historical value, including engraving with image family tree princes Golitsyns. Family jewelry the Golitsyn families were later transferred to Armory Chamber. A unique book was distributed to libraries book collection, more 30 thousand volumes, collected by Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn. At the same time, in the estate building, first a colony for street children was organized, then a sanatorium for old Bolsheviks.
IN 1935 was created near Malye Vyazemy training airfield for the training of parachutists and pilots and were placed in the estate parachute school. Later, in 1940 year, in the estate there was tank school.
IN 1941 year, the former Golitsyn estate ended up in the front line and on its territory a evacuation hospital. By the way, during First World War, was also located here infirmary for 50 beds. Although German troops did not reach Big Elm, the surroundings of the estate were heavily damaged by bombing and shelling. The hospital operated until 1943 year, as stated on the memorial plaque on the manor house.
After the closure of the hospital, a training center was located on the territory of the estate. Zootechnical Institute of Horse Breeding, which was personally supervised by Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny, who visited the estate several times. IN 1952 he laid the first stone in the foundation new building of the institute. IN 1954 year the Institute of Horse Breeding was replaced by Moscow Printing Institute, located in the estate before 1958 years, and gave up this place All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology.
After acceptance into 1948 the year of the decision on the restoration of historical and cultural monuments, Bolshie Vyazyomy are included in the list monuments of union significance. During the existence of the estate, Gogol, Bryusov, Leo Tolstoy, Przhevalsky, and Lunacharsky visited it. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin also visited here.

Pushkin and Bolshie Vyazemy

Close to Big Elm located - the former estate of the grandmother of the great Russian poet Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. Here, in his grandmother’s estate near Moscow, the future poet first saw the beauty of Russian nature, peasant round dances, heard folk songs, and became acquainted with peasant life. These first childhood impressions shaped his views on life. In these places near Moscow he began to write his first poems.
During from 1805 to 1830 Pushkin often came to Bolshie Vyazyomy from . Since there was no church, the Pushkin family went to services in Bolshiye Vyazemy. One of his visits in 1807 was overshadowed by tragic events - his younger brother Nikolai died. Nicholas was buried near the fence Spaso-Preobrazhensky Church on the territory of the estate, from the apses.

WITH Big Vyazem The love story of Alexander Sergeevich is also connected. It was here, in the estate, at one of the balls organized by Prince Golitsyn, that Pushkin first saw Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova.

Manor Bolshie Vyazyomy occurs more than once in works Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It is believed that in the novel “Eugene Onegin” serves as a prototype for the Larins’ estate, and Bolshie Vyazyomy- became the basis for describing Onegin’s estate.

Golitsyn Palace on the territory of the estate they call " House of the Queen of Spades ". The prototype of the heroine of Pushkin's story was the court lady of state, Princess N.P. Golitsyna, who enjoyed exceptional influence at court. Bolshaya Vyazyom was owned by her son, Boris Vladimirovich Golitsyn, that is, the “Queen of Spades” was not the mistress of the estate, although this is generally believed , but being a powerful and active woman, she often came to the estate, controlling the state of affairs in the estate.
Now the Bolshiye Vyazemy estate, like the estate, is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin. In the Golitsyn Palace, among the interiors of the 18th-19th centuries. Golitsyn readings “History of the Fatherland” are held.

How to get there

By train from Moscow 1 hour 0 minutes.

From the Belorussky railway station by train to the stop "Statsiya Golitsyno". Walking distance from the station is about 1 km. You can also get from the station by bus or minibuses

From Moscow by car - 40 km.

We leave Moscow along Mozhaiskoye Highway. Without entering the village of Vyazemy itself, turn left before the bridge, and after about 200 meters turn right to the parking lot near the Church of the Transfiguration.

Bolshie Vyazemy is a large urban-type settlement located 20 kilometers from the city of Odintsovo in the Moscow region.

First of all, Vyazemy is associated with the name of Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich spent his entire childhood, right up to entering the lyceum, in the Zakharovo estate, located next to Bolshie Vyazemy. Zakharovo belonged to the poet’s maternal grandmother, Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. It was in Zakharovo and Vyazemy that Pushkin first encountered Russian nature, the life of landowners and peasants, and here he began to write his first poems.

There was no church on Maria Alekseevna’s estate, and the Pushkins went to Vyazemy for church services. At one of the balls held in Vyazemy, the poet first met Natalya Goncharova.

Two estates are reflected in the poem “Eugene Onegin”. Zakharovo became the prototype of the Larins’ estate, and Bolshiye Vyazemy became the Onegin’s house. The palace of Golitsyn, the owner of the estate in Bolshiye Vazemy, is called the House of the Queen of Spades. Pushkin never hid the fact that the prototype of the main character of the story was Princess N.P. Golitsyna, mother of the owner of the Vyazema estate. The history of this estate is connected not only with the Golitsyn family, but also with other famous families. With which ones?.. You will find out by reading the text to the end.

Bolshie Vyazemy - history

Now Bolshie Vyazemy ranks second in the Odintsovo district in terms of the number of industrial enterprises. But was it always like this? Why is Bolshie Vyazemy attractive for sightseeing tours? Let's go back four and a half centuries.

In Russia they learned about Bolshie Vyazemy in 1556. Here one could stop in order to change horses and rest before arriving in Moscow - not yet an estate, but a Yamsk station. Bolshiye Vyazemy was the last stop on the Smolensk road before arriving in the capital. Here, meetings were often scheduled with foreign ambassadors who were not given the honor of being received at a luxurious reception in the royal chambers.

Perhaps it was political importance that played a decisive role in the fact that in 1586 Bolshiye Vyazemy was granted to Boris Godunov. He immediately started construction at the pit station.

Big Vyazemy is changing before our eyes. A manor house, St. Nicholas Church, and the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord grew up. Pawned St. John the Theologian Monastery, building under construction trade fairs. Boris Godunov surrounds all this splendor with a wooden wall with five watchtowers. Bolshie Vyazemy is essentially turning into a fortress.

During the Time of Troubles, Bolshiye Vyazemy became country palace False Dmitry. In 1606, Maria Mniszech stopped here. She brought with her a retinue of thousands and stayed in the palace for only a short time. And after her departure, a strong fire broke out in the Bolshie Vyazemy estate, destroying most of the estate. The Time of Troubles was generous with uprisings, which often ended in fires. In one of them, Boris Godunov’s tower burned down...

Mikhail Fedorovich, the founder of the Romanov dynasty, who came to power, in 1618 assigned the Bolshie Vyazemy estate to the palace department.

The next few decades were not marked by any important events. The buildings of Big Elms are slowly beginning to wither away.

In 1694, thanks to Peter the Great, the estate became the property of Boris Golitsyn and since then Bolshie Vyazemy has been forever associated with the Golitsyn family. And, although the associate of the first Russian emperor already had the comfortable estate of Dubrovitsa, he put a lot of effort into reviving Vyazem. Peter I himself came to Bolshie Vyazemy only twice - in 1701 and 1705.

In Bolshiye Vyazemy, in addition to the manor house, there was a cloth factory, two mills, a horse farm and a dam. The village consisted of 30 households. At the end of the 18th century, a palace was built here, around which beautiful park. I loved to walk along it A.S. Pushkin, arriving in Vyazemy.

An interesting fact is that in 1812 both Kutuzov and Napoleon stayed in Bolshie Vyazemy. No documentary evidence has been preserved, but they say that they could spend the night in the same room with a difference of only a day!

Pavel I and N.V. also visited Bolshie Vyazemy. Gogol, L.N. Tolstoy.

The last owner of the estate, Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn, established a suburban village . The beautiful, truly Russian area fell in love with the Russian aristocracy.

But the revolution came, and Vyazemy turned into a state farm. The manor house houses a shelter for street children. Subsequently, a dozen different institutions replaced each other in the Bolshie Vyazemy estate: a sanatorium, a parachute school, a tank school, and various institutes.

About 60 valuables were taken from the estate, among which were an engraving depicting the Golitsyn family tree and family jewelry. Unique family books have been distributed to regional libraries.

What can you see when you come to Bolshiye Vyazemy from excursion tour?

It’s good that people have the habit of coming to their senses on time. At the end of the 1980s, local historians began to create a museum in Bolshie Vyazemy.

And in 1994, a Pushkin Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve, consisting of two estates - Zakharovo and Bolshiye Vyazemy. In the same year, the museum was awarded the title of State Museum-Reserve.

Now, coming to Bolshie Vyazemy with one day tour, can see palace and park ensemble, which has preserved elements of the 16th century, the Church of the Transfiguration, a palace with two wings, a belfry, several domestic buildings and a park of the 19th century.

The museum is very interesting, it presents a wide variety of exhibitions - there are even doll rooms and tin soldiers in 19th-century uniforms. The interiors of the rooms, the uniforms, the portraits of the owners... It’s truly cozy here, you don’t want to leave.

In Zakharov there is a pond on the bank of which Pushkin loved to sit, choosing rhymes for words. The manor building has been completely restored and houses "museum of childhood" of the poet. Truly unique items telling about the culture of the 17th-19th centuries are stored here.

If you value the heritage we inherited from the best representatives of the Russian aristocracy, if you want to introduce your children to the history of Russia, inseparable from the history of individual people, you definitely need to go to Bolshie Vyazemy for the weekend. Walk along the alleys of the park, sit by the pond, visit exhibitions, see the original belfry and go to the temple... We can say with confidence that the Bolshiye Vyazemy estate will not disappoint and will be remembered for a long time.

Bolshie Vyazyomy estate in the Moscow region- one of the most charming and visited Pushkin places. It is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve. In, located five km from Bolshie Vyaz, the poet spent six summer seasons from 1804 to 1810. These two places became a symbol of rural Russia for Pushkin, reflected in many works, including the poem “Eugene Onegin.”

Bolshiye Vyazemy estate, a beautiful palace and park ensemble of the 17th-18th centuries, is located on the banks of the Vyazemka River, 54 km west of Moscow. On the territory of the estate there are the Golitsyn Palace with several wings, the Transfiguration Cathedral, the original belfry, an ancient dam and other attractions. A well-groomed park and picturesque surrounding forests are combined in Bolshie Vyazemy with many historical and cultural monuments.

History of the estate

Bolshie Vyazemy was mentioned in chronicles of the early 16th century as a settlement on the Great Smolensk Road. In 1585, they were granted by Emperor Ivan the Terrible to his brother-in-law Boris Godunov, who turned his possession into a small fortress. In just one year, he built a wooden tower with outbuildings and the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, a fortress wall, and a dam. These structures, created by the architects of Boris Godunov, have survived to this day.

In troubled times early 17th century estate on a short time became the country residence of Tsar False Dmitry I and his wife Marina Mnishek. At the end of the 17th century, he gave Bolshiye Vyazemy to his comrade-in-arms in the struggle for power, Prince Boris Golitsyn. In 1784, his great-grandson, Nikolai Golitsyn, built the palace anew, and in this form the main building has survived to this day.

During Commander Mikhail Kutuzov stayed in Vyazemy, and after him Emperor Napoleon. IN different time Many famous and outstanding people have visited here. Among them are Emperor Paul I, writers N. Gogol, V. Bryusov, L. Tolstoy, A. Akhmatova and traveler N. Przhevalsky. The most important circumstance for the museum is that it is closely connected with the name of the poet A. Pusch kina. Not far from Vyazem, the poet grew up, visited the local temple and stayed with the Golitsyns in this estate. At the local cemetery there is the grave of his deceased six-year-old brother Nikolai.

The estate remained the property of the Golitsyn family until 1917. During the years of Soviet power, the house deteriorated and fell into disrepair. Only in 1980 did the creation of a small museum begin in the estate, and in 1994 Bolshie Vyazemy was declared a state museum and restoration work began.

Monuments

The entire complex of monuments The estate-museum is interesting, but the greatest interest of visitors is the cathedral with its belfry and the mansion with two wings. The rooms of the mansion are beautifully decorated with furniture and household items late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century, collected for the museum in similar noble estates. The interiors of the Golitsyn Palace masterfully recreated the atmosphere of Pushkin’s times: residential and state rooms - the way the poet could see them in his youth and later when visiting the house.

State dining room- the same one in which dinner was served to Emperor Paul I, who was staying here, and perhaps to an uninvited guest. The library temporarily served as headquarters for the Russian army. The Masonic Hall contains portraits of high-ranking members of the lodge and mosaic symbols of the Freemasons organization. In the flirtatious ladies' room, everything seems to be like under Natalya Petrovna Golitsina, who became the prototype of the heroine of Pushkin’s famous “Queen of Spades.” The house itself, well known to the poet, became for him the prototype of the rural estate of Eugene Onegin, next to which was the more modest refuge of the Larins - Zakharovo.

On the adjacent buildings alleys, walking paths and playgrounds there are many memorial obelisks dedicated to famous people and significant dates of the 16th - 20th centuries. The park and pond give an idea of the art of the ancient landscape masters. The museum hosts Full time job on the restoration of the premises of the estate services and the equestrian yard, as well as the organization of new thematic exhibitions.

An interesting line of activity State Historical and Literary Museum of the A.S. Pushkin Reserve holiday events, dedicated to Pushkin and historical dates, regular “Musical evenings in the Russian estate”, held in the fireplace room. Child Center Vyazema estate invites young listeners and spectators to thematic lessons, concerts, games and festivals.

The former Bolshiye Vyazyom estate near Moscow is located about forty kilometers west of Moscow, right behind Golitsyn. On the left side of the highway you can clearly see the park and the old manor house.

The estate, located on the old Smolensk road, witnessed and took part in many important events Russian history, she took Boris Godunov, False Dmitry I, Marina Mnishek, Kutuzov, Napoleon under her roof...

At the end of the 16th century, Bolshie Vyazemy was the country residence of Boris Godunov. It is not known exactly when the estate fell into the hands of the all-powerful boyar, but the first mention of this fact dates back to 1585. Godunov loved his estate near Moscow and furnished it beautifully and thoroughly. Under him, a large wooden palace, a church, numerous outbuildings were built, orchards were laid out, and a pond with a stone dam was dug on the Vyazyomka River.

The wooden palace burned down in 1618, when Polish troops were approaching Moscow, but the magnificent Godunov Church Life-Giving Trinity, later renamed Preobrazhenskaya, has been preserved.

The four-pillar, five-domed temple stands on a high basement and is surrounded on three sides by covered two-tier galleries.

The walls of the building are made of white stone, and the crowning parts and galleries are made of brick.

Frescoes from the late 16th century have been preserved inside.

In 1807, six-year-old Nikolai Pushkin, the poet’s younger brother, was buried near the eastern wall of the temple.

Next to the church on a high terrace there is a belfry that is completely unique for the Moscow region.

By the middle of the 19th century, the Godunov belfry had become very dilapidated, and they already intended to dismantle it. Fortunately, the owner of Big Elms, Prince Golitsyn, did not allow reprisals against historical monument, however, as compensation, he allowed it to be attached to ancient temple new bell tower. This newly built bell tower was dismantled during restoration work in the 1950s.

The picturesque group of temple buildings is surrounded by a replica of an 18th-century fence.

A small clergy house adjoins one of the corners of the fence.

After the death of Godunov, Bolshie Vyazemy was considered a palace village. In 1694, Peter I granted the former Godunov estates to his tutor, Prince Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn. In 1766, his great-grandson Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn became the owner of the estate, who in the 1770s/1780s. built a new manor complex, which, with some changes, has survived to this day.

The first pair of brick buildings were erected in 1771: guest and kitchen wings.

Standing a little further away, another two-story, outbuilding-like building has nothing to do with the old estate; it was built in the 1930s for the School of Arts.

In 1784, the main manor house, built in the style of French classicism, rose between the wings.

The house facing the old pond is especially good.

At the top of the attics are cartouches with the Golitsyn family coat of arms.

Some outbuildings of the estate have been preserved behind the church. The large horse yard of the late 18th century has been greatly damaged by alterations, and is now being restored.

There is a museum in the main manor house. It must be said that this museum is very young, it appeared in the late 1980s, and owes its existence to enthusiastic devotees. The original interiors of the estate have not been preserved, and museum workers had to literally collect strings from the world to create the exhibition. In the halls of the main house, museum staff tried to partially reconstruct Golitsyn’s rooms. Some of the premises contain exhibits telling about the history of the estate and famous people connected with it in one way or another.

The formal dining room features furniture and tableware from the 18th/19th centuries.

Behind the dining room there is a round rotunda room, from which there was access to the garden.

In old photographs you can see what the rooms looked like at the beginning of the 20th century.

The main bedroom is furnished with light wood furniture.

There were two libraries in the house. On the ground floor there was a collection of foreign books. In 1812, after the Battle of Borodino, Kutuzov first lived in this large room, and the day after his departure, Napoleon slept in the same library, on the same sofa.

On the second floor under the Golitsyns there was a library of Russian literature.

In all the rooms there are cute household items, interior items, and portraits.

In the former living room on the second floor there is a permanent exhibition “The World of Childhood in a Noble Estate”.

In one wing, already renovated, there is a museum ticket office, a kiosk with a good selection of historical and local history literature, and exhibition halls.

Also in the outbuilding are works by sculptor Nina Konenkova donated to the museum.

And of course, part of the museum exhibition is dedicated to Pushkin, who visited Bolshie Vyazemy and spent a lot of time in neighboring Zakharov as a child.

The village of Zakharovo, located two kilometers from Bolshie Vyaz, was bought in 1804 by the grandmother of the future poet Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. Every summer, from May to October, for six years the entire Pushkin family spent in Zakharov. The Pushkins also lived here during the winter of 1808/1809.

From the estate of Pushkin's time, all that remains in Zakharov now is a huge pond and several centuries-old trees; everything else in this very young museum is completely new.

In 1904, the then owner of Zakharov built a new home on the foundation of the old manor house. In 1993, during restoration work (!!!), this house burned down. Historians and restorers were unable to find any drawings, drawings, or even verbal descriptions of the house of M.A. Hannibal. Therefore, when recreating the estate, the architects took as a basis the standard design of an 18th-century manor house. In 1999, for the 200th anniversary of Pushkin’s birth, in just three months the “house of M. A. Hannibal” was rebuilt in Zakharov and a museum was opened.

The Zakharovsky house is of very modest size, two-story, the second floor is low, mezzanine.

On the ground floor of the house, in the front rooms, the interiors of Pushkin's time were recreated.

The rooms of Zakharov's house are small. In the most spacious room, the windows of which open onto a terrace with a columned portico, the furnishings of the Great Living Room are presented.

The furniture and interior items, of course, have nothing to do with the Pushkin-Hannibal family; they were collected from various museum funds.

In a small corner room it is shown what the office of the mistress of the estate might look like.

In the corridor there is a small collection of old chests.

Another, also very modest in size, corner room with an alcove is a reconstruction of a children's playroom and classroom.

Here you can see a desk and visual teaching aids.

A somewhat larger room is reserved for the dining room.

And finally, in the last room of the exhibition, as a tribute to the memory of Arina Rodionovna, objects of peasant life are collected.

Of course, it’s a pity that there are no memorial items in the exhibition. Nevertheless, the museum gives visitors the opportunity to find out how poor noble families lived - and there were incomparably more of them than representatives of high-profile aristocratic families with huge fortunes - on their estates near Moscow, Kaluga, Pskov, Penza and other estates.

Of course, Alexander Sergeevich himself believed that “Tsarskoye Selo is our Fatherland,” however, in 1830, on the eve of his wedding, the poet went not just anywhere, but specifically to Zakharovo. Apparently, on the eve of dramatic life changes, my soul demanded to take a sentimental journey to childhood.

The poet also visited Bolshie Vyazemy, which at one time inspired him both “Boris Godunov” and “The Queen of Spades”, the prototype of the heroine of which was Princess Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, who often lived in her son’s estate.

It is logical that at the end of the 19th century the idea of creating a Pushkin reserve in this corner of the Moscow region was born, but only a century later, thanks to a group of enthusiasts, the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin appeared on the territory of Bolshaya Vyaz and Zakharov. Yes, in both estates there are a lot of remakes and very few truly “Vyazma-Zakharov” exhibits, however, the museum gives another opportunity to plunge into our history. In addition, both estates regularly host themed parties, concerts, lectures, and meetings with writers and artists.

The Bolshie Vyazemy estate is an architectural and artistic ensemble of the 16th–19th centuries, a former royal, boyar and princely residence. It is located in the village of the same name in the Odintsovo district, near the town of Golitsyno. Together with the Zakharovo estate, it is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin, created in 1987.

Immediately upon entering we see this bust of the hero of the occasion. A few kilometers from here is the family estate of the Hannibals “Zakharovo”, where young Sasha lived with Arina Rodionovna, so one can assume that he visited this estate, say, to steal apples or spy on the bathing peasant women there, the naughty man.

The central building of the estate is the palace of the princes Golitsyn, built in the second half of the 18th century.

During the retreat of the Russian army to Moscow, Kutuzov and Napoleon both spent the night in this house, and in the same bed, with an interval of exactly one night. Not on the same night, as someone might think, but a day later.

The word "Vyazyomy" most likely comes from the word "viscous", because both the river and the pond here are very muddy.

At the end of 1584, Tsar Fedor I Ioannovich donated the village of Nikolskoye-Vyazemy to Boris Godunov, who began large-scale construction on this land and built the first wooden palace.

And it was precisely in this place that the Russian and French armies stopped after the Battle of Borodino.

And in Peaceful time In addition to A.S. Pushkin, famous writers L.N. Tolstoy, N.V. Gogol, and V.Ya. Bryusov stayed here.

Here's an interesting detail - sundial. So you don't miss the afternoon snack.

24 linden trees are planted around the perimeter of the circle, and in the center of the circle there is a pole, its shadow points to the tree corresponding to a certain hour of time.

At the end of the 17th century, Peter the Great granted the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn.

The Golitsyns lived here until the revolution.

Here is the main one, Governor General Dmitry Golitsyn, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 and owner of the estate from 1813 to 1844.

And the manor house in Bolshie Vyazemy, which has survived to this day, was built in 1784 by the great-grandson of Prince Boris Golitsyn, Colonel Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn.

The only cafe nearby.

Stuffed cabbage rolls from Arina Rodionovna are something delicious!

Probably, signs like this were placed everywhere especially for Pushkin, so that he wouldn’t get confused about where to buy tickets to the estate. If anyone is interested, I can say that the toilet here is very clean, and I didn’t find any signs like “Sasha was here” on the walls.

At the end of the 16th century. Bolshie Vyazemy belonged to Boris Godunov, who built a church here with a Pskov-type belfry. According to legend, the Vyazemsk church was built in the same year as the bell tower of Ivan the Great. It is believed that the model for the church in Bolshie Vyazemy was the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

During the Time of Troubles, False Dmitry lived in the estate and Marina Mnishek stayed with his retinue.

What a miracle this Transfiguration Church is next to the estate!

I have never seen such a bell tower anywhere else. Completely flat. It's unclear how they got there.

As everywhere in Rus', there are unmarked graves on the territory of the temple.

Near the temple lie the ashes of Nikolai Sergeevich Pushkin, who died in 1807 at the age of six, the younger brother of the great Russian poet. Alexander himself, with his grandmother, Maria Alekseevna Hannibal, and with his sister Olga, went to the Transfiguration Church from Zakharov, where there was no church of their own, and his first spiritual impressions and experiences are undoubtedly connected with the Bolshevyazemsk Church.

And finally, a few photos from inside the manor house. In one of these rooms, Pushkin met his future wife Natalya Goncharova, who had just begun to appear in the world.

The owner of the estate, Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, who became the prototype of the old countess in The Queen of Spades, was the mother of the bride at the wedding of Pushkin and Goncharova.

We know how it all ended. So indirectly, the Bolshiye Vyazemy estate played a fatal role in Pushkin’s life.

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