Panoramic view of the Kremlin. Panorama of the Moscow Kremlin. Virtual tour of the Moscow Kremlin. Attractions, map, photos, videos. The history of the Kremlin and its reconstruction

Currently, the team site is supported by the President of Russia V.V. Putin and the Russian Geographical Society (RGS) are implementing a panoramic photography project of the historical and architectural ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square. Although filming is still ongoing, and all the results of our work will be presented on the site only in a few months, today the project site and the Russian Geographical Society have prepared a gift for Russians for Moscow City Day - a unique virtual tour of the Kremlin from five spherical panoramas!

Our helicopter flew over the Kremlin stars, the chimes on the Spasskaya Tower, the Ivan the Great bell tower, and St. Basil's Cathedral. Until now, no one has managed to take photographs of the Kremlin from such unusual angles.

In December 2012, we submitted an application for a grant from the Russian Geographical Society for the development of a website project. Quite unexpectedly for us, we were invited to a meeting of the media council, and after the presentation of the project, our grant was approved. After this, our cooperation with the Russian Geographical Society began.

The ceremonial presentation of the RGS grants took place in April of this year at a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Russian Geographical Society chaired by Russian President Vladimir Putin. During his speech at the meeting, our colleague Sergei Semenov turned to V. Putin with a request for help in obtaining permission to photograph the Moscow Kremlin from the air. The President supported our request, and by now we have already completed several surveys over the Kremlin territory.

And now we would like to bring to your attention some historical facts related to this a unique monument architecture.

The "Kremlin" is the name given to the city's fortifications. ancient Rus'. Many Kremlins have survived to this day in Russia: Novgorod, Kazan, Pskov, Kolomensky... But only one Kremlin does not need explanation: the world-famous Moscow Kremlin in the Russian capital. This is the largest fortress in Europe, preserved and operating to this day. The Kremlin is the most important landmark of Moscow, the seat of the President Russian Federation And " business card"of the entire country.

The first settlements on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin date back to the Bronze Age - the 2nd millennium BC, but the first fortifications appeared here much later: in 1156. The wooden fortification, with a total length of about 850 meters and an area of about 3 hectares, was surrounded by a ditch 16-18 meters wide and 5 meters deep.

During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the Kremlin was destroyed and then rebuilt. But only by the middle of the 14th century, under the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, the wooden walls of the Kremlin were replaced by walls and towers made of local white stone. It was from this period that the name “White Stone Moscow” is often found in chronicles.

However, by the 15th century, under Ivan III the Great, this structure also had to be rebuilt, since the walls literally “floated.” Italian architects were invited to restore the Kremlin, and thanks to this, it combines the best achievements of both Russian and Italian architectural art. So, the model of an impregnable fortification was taken famous castle Sforza in Milan, while the Kremlin churches were built according to strict Russian traditions.

Burnt brick was chosen as the main material for construction. The center of the Kremlin became Cathedral Square with the Assumption and Annunciation Cathedrals, the Faceted Chamber, the Archangel Cathedral - the tomb of Russian princes and tsars, and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower located on it. Another major reconstruction of the Kremlin took place at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries, and since then the appearance of this Moscow landmark has remained virtually unchanged - with the exception of color.

The fact is that the walls of the Moscow fortress, according to historical descriptions and picturesque images, remained white for many centuries. The burnt brick was carefully whitewashed: both for the sake of preserving the masonry and in memory of the white-stone Kremlin of Dmitry Donskoy. It is believed that it was decided to make the Kremlin red by Stalin’s decision in 1947 - to celebrate the 800th anniversary of Moscow. And before that, during World War II, the Kremlin was camouflaged in a unique way. A fantastic project for that time was developed by the group of academician Boris Iofan: walls of houses, black holes in windows were painted on white walls, artificial streets were built on Red Square; even Lenin's Mausoleum was covered with a cap representing a house. This is what helped the greatest monument of history and architecture reach our days without being damaged by bombing.

Walking class:
Territorially: Central Administrative District

Walk duration: two to three hours
Start of the walk: M. Biblioteka im. Lenin,
End of the walk: M. Biblioteka im. Lenin,

A virtual tour of the Kremlin is a walk that you can take without leaving your computer. Vivid photos of the panorama from the website of the President of the Russian Federation with our comments and links to detailed information about monuments and museums. We invite you to see vivid views of the Kremlin, views from the domes of the Kremlin palaces, an overview of the streets and squares of the Kremlin, gorgeous photographs of the interior decoration of the Kremlin palaces.

A virtual tour of the Kremlin is a walk that you can take without leaving your computer.

The Kremlin is the historical center, the heart of Moscow. The Kremlin today - and the complex historical monuments, and a museum, and, at the same time, the residence of the head of state - the President of the Russian Federation. In this regard, access to the Kremlin is limited. You can get there during limited hours, for a fee, under a strict access regime (including possible inspection), and in addition, not all objects are available for review and inspection. Tourist routes are limited, even going beyond the limit lines is quickly crossed by the sentries of the Kremlin garrison. And of course, access to premises occupied by government agencies is not provided as part of regular walks and excursions. In this regard, it is according to the Kremlin virtual tour most relevant.

Posted on the website of the President of the Russian Federation bright photos panoramas that allow you to view the Kremlin from various points outside and inside the fortress, the interior of buildings, views from the roof and bird's eye view. This is a unique opportunity to see on the site what is difficult to see with your own eyes. In addition, a virtual tour of the Kremlin can precede a real tour (you will already be prepared on what to look at and what not to miss).
As part of our review, we will provide links to the website of the President of the Russian Federation, where panoramas are presented and, in parallel, links to the database of our online guide for more detailed information about objects and comments. We recommend that you open the links in a new browser window to simultaneously read the comments on this page. It is better to hide the map in the upper left corner for better review.

So, first point of the virtual tour in the Kremlin - the roof of the Grand Kremlin Palace (open the link in a new window).

Rotate the panorama clockwise. Among the internal Kremlin buildings that house the famous Kremlin museums are the Armory Chamber and Diamond fund, we see the dome of the small Church of the Nativity. We see the powerful Stalinist building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the first of the famous Stalinist skyscrapers). In front of it are low houses, this is the area of the old Arbat. Two other Stalinist skyscrapers (to the right of the Foreign Ministry building) are not so clearly visible - this is the spire of the Hotel Ukraine building and the building on Kudrinskaya Square. In front of them, barely visible from behind the internal Kremlin buildings (only the tops stick out), are small Kremlin towers: the Armory and the Commandant. Behind them, near the walls of the Kremlin (we see a small green area) lies the Alexander Garden (in it is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier), and then Mokhovaya Street runs parallel to the walls of the Kremlin.

We move further clockwise. Trinity Tower is the most big tower Kremlin (the tourist entrance to the Kremlin is organized through it), even further to the right - barely visible due to the building of the State Kremlin Palace (it is in the hall of the palace that concerts are held in the Kremlin) and the Arsenal building - the Corner Arsenal Tower (it overlooks Manezhnaya Square and the Tomb of the Unknown soldier). Behind them, in the panorama of buildings in the Tverskaya Street area, it is difficult to discern anything. More or less, the State Duma building on Okhotny Ryad is visible.

We move further along the panorama. In front of us are the churches of Cathedral Square: the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great (for a long time - the most high building Moscow), Assumption Cathedral (historically main cathedral countries), the Archangel Cathedral (tomb with the burials of Moscow princes and the first Russian tsars), the Annunciation Cathedral (the home church of Moscow rulers), the bathhouse of the Terem Palace churches. A little to the left is the Terem Palace itself. In the distance we see the Nikolskaya Tower, facing Red Square on the other side. And behind it (already on Red Square) is the building of the Historical Museum (everyone who watched the parades on Red Square has seen and recognizes it). The small towers on the horizon behind the Kremlin cathedrals are two more huge Stalinist high-rises (just far away): the building on the Red Gate and the building of the Leningradskaya Hotel. The huge building of the Rossiya Hotel (behind the Archangel Cathedral) has already been demolished, it is no longer there (it remains in the photograph for now). To the right of it is the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge. Behind it on the river bank is another Stalinist high-rise - the building on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment. In front of the bridge, but on the other side of the river, you can see the bell tower with the Church of the Recovery of the Dead. And you will hardly be able to see the small Church of Sofia in Sredniye Sadovniki (to which the bell tower was erected), located behind the line of houses. In honor of this church, the embankment on the other side of the river is named Sophia. From there you also have an excellent view of the Kremlin. The line of the Kremlin wall from the corner Beklemishevskaya with the Petrovskaya, Tainitskaya, First and Second Nameless towers moves along the Moskva River and the Kremlin embankment. The Moscow River makes a sharp bend in the Kremlin area, like a loop. You can clearly see this in the panorama.

Now it’s worth looking back and examining the panorama of the Kremlin from a different point. We have already seen all this. It is worth focusing attention on the Temple of the Twelve Apostles, which was obscured when viewed from the Grand Kremlin Palace; you can also see the Tsar Cannon next to it. Nearby, as a continuation of the church, is the Patriarchal Chamber. The neighboring building (next to the Senate building) is the building of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee school. New buildings were built on the site of demolished ancient Kremlin monasteries.

We move through Red Square (temporarily leaving the Kremlin) to the roof of the GUM (Upper Trading Rows building). Right in front of us are Red Square, Lenin's Mausoleum, a cemetery near the Kremlin wall, the Senate Tower and the Senate building with domes (one of them with the country's flag). Moving the panorama to the right, we see the restored building of the Moscow Hotel. Turning back behind the long roofs shopping centers we see a panorama of the Kitai-Gorod area: the dome of the Epiphany Cathedral and the dome of the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands of the former Zaikonospassky Monastery. In the distance is the dome of the Northern Insurance Company building.

Next viewing platform virtual tour of the Kremlin - the roof of the House on the Embankment.

Next viewpoint. We move to the Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge. Here you have a vivid view of the Kremlin and the Moscow River.

As part of our virtual tour of the Kremlin, we will walk through the squares and streets of the Kremlin.

We invite you to explore the spectacular, almost fabulous, interiors of the Senate Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace yourself using the links on the website (see links Senate Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace). It's worth it. A virtual tour of the interior of the palace, and even the empty ones, is impressive.

Date: 2013-04-07

For those who have not yet seen the Moscow Kremlin, but want to see it right now. Thanks to the magnificent website airpiano.ru, you can find yourself anywhere in the world without leaving your home. And on this page I will introduce you to the Moscow Kremlin and tell you the story of its origin. You will see photos of the Moscow Kremlin, a video about the Moscow Kremlin and of course a 3D panorama from the site airpiano.ru.

For full screen format click here

Moscow Kremlin

Moscow Kremlin- Very ancient part capital of Russia - Moscow. It is believed that this architectural structure is one of the most beautiful assemblies in the world. Construction of the Moscow Kremlin began in 1842 and was completed in 1495. If we talk about the area of the Kremlin, it is 27.7 hectares (0.277 sq. km.). The number of towers is twenty, the number of gates is four, the thickness of the walls of the towers is about twenty-four meters, the height of the walls is from five to nineteen meters, the thickness of ordinary walls is from three to seven meters.

The Moscow Kremlin is located on the high left bank of the Moscow River - Borovitsky Hill. At one time, the Moscow Kremlin was once a powerful fortress. In 1368 and 1370 the Kremlin was able to withstand the attack of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd, and in 1382, 1408, and 1451 the Kremlin retained its inaccessibility to the Tatar-Mongol troops of Tokhtamysh, who in 1382 captured the Kremlin solely by deception. However, watch the video of the origin of the Moscow Kremlin

Moscow Kremlin video

Moscow Kremlin photo

Click on the picture to view in Gallery mode.

The Moscow Kremlin is a fortress in the center of Moscow and its oldest part, the main socio-political, historical and artistic complex of the city, the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. Located on the high left bank of the Moscow River - Borovitsky Hill, at the confluence of the Neglinnaya River. In plan, the Kremlin is an irregular triangle with an area of 27.5 hectares (ha). The southern wall faces the Moscow River, the northwestern wall faces the Alexander Garden, and the eastern wall faces Red Square.

Antiquity

The first settlements on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin date back to the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BC). A Finno-Ugric settlement dating back to the early Iron Age (second half of the 1st millennium BC) was found near the modern Archangel Cathedral. At this time, a Dyakov-type settlement occupied the center of the upper floodplain terrace of Borovitsky Hill (the area of modern Cathedral Square) and, perhaps, already had fortifications. From the northeast, the village was protected by two ravines: one, north of the current Trinity Gate, overlooked the Neglinnaya River, the other lay between the Petrovskaya and Second Nameless Towers modern Kremlin.

XI - XIV centuries

Following the Dyakovites, with the beginning of the Slavic colonization of the Oka and Moskva River basins in the 10th century, the top of Borovitsky Hill was inhabited by the Vyatichi (possibly reclaiming the former settlement). Presumably, the Vyatichi village on the hill consisted of two fortified centers - the first, larger in area, was located on the site of modern Cathedral Square, the second occupied the tip of the cape. Presumably, both centers were protected by a ring fortification consisting of a ditch, rampart and palisade. The Vyatichi included in the defensive structures two ravines connected by a ravine, which performed the same function back in pre-Slavic times; The ravines were converted into a ditch up to 9 meters deep and about 3.8 meters wide. Presumably, on the cape of the settlement there was a certain political and administrative center: during archaeological excavations a Kiev hanging seal from the end of the 11th century was found here. Both parts probably had their own cult centers - the upper one in the Cathedral Square area, the lower one “under Bor”, on the site of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist that stood here. The Kremlin toponyms “Makovitsa”, “Mountains” and “Bor” also date back to pre-princely times. These two centers were surrounded by a suburb stretching along the Neglinnaya and Moscow rivers. The development and prosperity of the settlement was connected with the trade routes running here: there was brisk trade between East and West along the Moscow River. In addition to the waterway, two land roads passed nearby - one to Novgorod (later Volotskaya), the other from Kyiv through Smolensk to the northeast; both roads were connected at the foot of Borovitsky Hill by a ford across the Moscow River (in the area of the current Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge). The first chronicle mention of Moscow dates back to 1147. In 1156, the first fortifications were built on the territory of the modern Kremlin total length about 850 meters and an area of about 3 hectares. The fortification was surrounded by a moat...

Of course, the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell. After all, together they weigh more than 240 tons! Both monuments stand next to the Ivan the Great Bell Tower and immediately attract the attention of visitors. The Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell are well known, they are even considered symbols of Russia.

The Tsar Cannon has the largest caliber in the world (890 mm). It was cast in bronze in 1586 at the Cannon Yard in Moscow by master Andrei Chokhov. Its weight is almost 40 tons, its length is more than 5 meters.

It is believed that the Tsar Cannon was fired only once - with the ashes of the deposed Tsar False Dmitry. There is also an opinion that the Tsar Cannon had only a decorative function, but this version is unlikely: in those days, Tatar attacks were not uncommon and the manufacture of a huge fake gun did not make sense. Most likely, the cannon was designed to fire “shot,” that is, buckshot. Its mouth could carry thousands of deaths for the Tatar cavalry that besieged Moscow more than once or twice. A kind of weapon of mass destruction of the 16th century.

It is known that in the 17th century the cannon was located on a low stone structure that resembled a tribune, traces of which were discovered by archaeologists in the southern part of Red Square. And in the 16th century, the Tsar Cannon was probably installed near Lobnoye Mesto on Red Square, in the direction of the Moskvoretsky Bridge leading to the Tatar side.

The cannon's carriage and cannonballs are not original - they were cast in the 19th century, serving a purely decorative function. Cannonballs cannot be fired, and as for the carriage, it is unknown whether it is needed at all, because a weapon of this type - the bombard - was usually fixedly fixed in the ground. The Tsar Cannon ended up in the Kremlin under Emperor Peter I, who wanted to build a workshop (arsenal) there to store various firearms and other curiosities and simply weapons from different eras.

The Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell are monuments of foundry and artistic craft. Both are decorated with carefully crafted reliefs in the form of ornaments, cartouches, rosettes, and scrolls. It is easy to notice on the bell large portraits of two sovereigns - Empress Anna Ioannovna, who ordered the casting of the bell, and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. During the reign of the latter, an earlier bell was cast, from the metal of which the Tsar Bell was cast. There is also an inscription about the history of the bell, and the signature of the Motorin masters. On the Tsar Cannon you can also find inscriptions glorifying the Tsar-customer Fyodor Ioannovich, and the signature of the master Andrei Chokhov.

Our online tour of the Kremlin is coming to an end. Of course, we can talk endlessly about this place on the map of our Motherland. Here, centuries-old layers of history form a special “force field” that attracts with its grandeur and unique beauty.

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