Hell on the paradise islands: how a powerful volcanic eruption is changing Hawaii. “Pearl” created with sweat and blood
Once, an acquaintance of mine, who visited several dozen countries, convinced me:
— You know, every country has its own zest. Even in the most backward countries people enjoy life, have fun, hope for the best...
— And even in Haiti? - I asked.
The interlocutor hesitated, and then snapped:
- No. Haiti is a complete...
“To say that the country is poor is to say nothing”
The last word, unfortunately, will not be allowed by the censor. But it appears in absolutely every traveler’s story about Haiti.
In 2014, the famous Russian blogger Ilya Varlamov, who visited this country, wrote this: “How to cook Haiti? Write down the recipe. We take the Somali devastation from Mogadishu as a basis and mix it with the Kabul dirt. You add a pinch of Indian stench, two handfuls of Congolese wildness from Kinshasa, a little anger from Cote d’Ivoire. Now we add Nigerian traffic jams. We decorate the dish with painted buses from Pakistan, a couple of drops of Russian corruption... now we put it on low heat and pour over the sauce from endless natural disasters, famines and coups d'etat. Mmm-mm-mm! You see? We’ve got Haiti!”
If you take a gazetteer from thirty years ago and what they write about Haiti today, both will say: “Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world.” Poverty in Haiti is not an economic crisis, it is a condition in which many generations of people in this country have lived steadily.
Journalist of "Arguments and Facts" Georgy Zotov, who had the dubious pleasure of visiting Haiti, writes on his Facebook page: “In 2008, I fully enjoyed the white man’s burden there. Well, to say that the country is poor is to say nothing. It’s simple (the very word that cannot be included in the material - approx. AiF.ru). Anyone who says that Cuba is suffering under the communists, I recommend going to Port-au-Prince to see how the people are thriving. You go out onto the hotel balcony with a cocktail, and you see hundreds of people below in landfills rummaging and fighting over scraps, and in the neighboring park crowds of homeless people sleep on the grass. Wonderful beauty, in general: it’s not for nothing that the republic is considered a great friend of the USA.”
Christopher, who called you here?
The island of Haiti is the second largest of the Great Islands Antilles in the West Indies, in the Caribbean. The luxurious climate and picturesque nature of the island were first appreciated by its indigenous inhabitants, the Indians.
Following them, Haiti fell in love with a navigator named Christopher Columbus, which on December 6, 1492 moored to the shores of the island and named it “Hispaniola”. The first Spanish colony in the New World, La Navidad, was established in Haiti.
The arriving Spaniards dreamed of countless treasures, and the local “savages” were perceived at best as servants. When the Indians tried to resist, their methodical extermination began. Murders, slave exploitation of those captured, and most importantly, diseases brought from Europe did their job - the indigenous inhabitants of Haiti simply disappeared.
In addition to Spain, colonialists from other countries claimed the territory of the island. The French succeeded most of all, gaining a foothold in the west of the island. Under the treaty of 1697, Spain ceded the western third of the island to France, where the French colony of Saint-Domingue was created.
Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Hispaniola, 1492. Source: Public Domain
“Pearl” created with sweat and blood
By the middle of the 18th century, Saint-Domingue became the most prosperous overseas possession of France, the “pearl of the Antilles.” The heyday of the colony was associated with sugar cane plantations, which by the start of the French Revolution in 1789 produced 86 thousand tons per year. Colonial goods from Saint-Domingue accounted for a third of French exports.
Labor on sugar cane plantations was incredibly hard, and, as one might guess, the French colonialists were not eager to do it. The “economic miracle” of Saint-Domingue was based on the exploitation of black slaves, who began to be brought to Haiti after the extermination of the Indians. By the end of the 18th century, a third of the entire transatlantic slave trade was linked to Saint-Domingue.
By 1789, the population was divided into three groups: 36 thousand whites, 28 thousand free mulattoes and about 500 thousand black slaves.
Under the influence of the revolution in France, mulattoes began to demand equal rights with whites, which resulted in an armed uprising. Black slaves joined him, although mulattoes did not advocate the abolition of slavery.
The confrontation, which lasted for 14 years, ended in 1804 with the victory of the rebels and the creation of a new state, which received the old Indian name “Haiti”.
We have found freedom! It's time to kill all the whites
The world's first republic of former slaves who threw off their chains sounds beautiful and romantic. But in practice everything was not so rosy. The winners began by committing a massacre of the white population - those who did not manage to escape and did not die earlier. From the beginning of February to April 22, 1804, about 5,000 men, women and children were exterminated.
The massacre of 1804 damaged Haiti's reputation for a long time and complicated the international position of the young republic - most countries did not want to deal with the Haitians. In addition, France linked the recognition of Haitian independence to the payment of compensation in the amount of 90 million gold francs. The Republic of Haiti paid this gigantic amount until the middle of the 20th century.
Founder of Haiti Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who proclaimed new republic“a country only for blacks” and who gave the order for the extermination of the white population, in the fall of 1804 he proclaimed himself emperor. He did not rule for long - on October 17, 1806, he was killed during a new coup d'etat.
Since then, there has been an endless series of coups d'etat, conspiracies, and murders, which accompanies the entire history of Haiti. In 1844 East End the islands, former Spanish possessions, seceded, announcing the creation of an independent Dominican Republic. In this republic, however, there was also no political or economic stability.
Haiti massacre of 1804. Source: Public Domain
Period of occupation
In 1915, in order to protect the interests of United States corporations, by order US President Woodrow Wilson 330 marines landed in the capital of Haiti, Port-au-Prince. Thus began the 19-year occupation of Haiti by the United States.
The occupation sparked mass protests among Haitians, and Charlemagne Peralt raised an armed uprising, which was suppressed by the Americans, who killed about 13 thousand Haitians.
The American occupation officially ended in 1934, but the influence of the United States in Haiti never ceased.
Its political elite consisted of cadres raised by the Americans. One of them was Francois Duvalier, which was destined to define the history of Haiti for several decades to come.
Duvalier, being a physician by profession, played a significant role in the fight against typhus, thanks to which he created a good reputation for himself.
Few people knew that the good doctor dreams of unlimited power.
Francois Duvalier. Photo: www.globallookpress.com
The good doctor comes to power
In 1956, after a new series of coups, in Haiti, for the umpteenth time, they tried to return to building a state on the principles of democracy.
Four candidates ran for the presidency: Senator Louis Dejoie, lawyer Clément Jumel,mathematics teacher Daniel Fignolet and Dr. Francois Duvalier.
The doctor, considered an outsider, proposed appointing Daniel Fignolet as interim president to prevent a “civil war.” Fignolet accepted his competitor's offer and on May 25, 1957, became the temporary head of Haiti.
Meanwhile, Duvalier was able to win over General Antonio Quebro, who began to form and train combat troops from the doctor’s supporters.
Fignolet, who formed the government of national unity, appointed General Quebro as chief of the General Staff. Thus, he himself launched the mechanism of his own overthrow.
Just 19 days later, General Kebro arrested the president right at a government meeting and expelled him and his family from Haiti.
When the indignant supporters of Fignolet took to the streets, they were met by military units and militants trained by General Quebro. About a thousand people were killed during the dispersal of protests.
The military junta formed by Kebro declared its loyalty to the ideals of democracy, announcing that new presidential elections would be held on October 22, 1957. As expected, Francois Duvalier won.
Francois Duvalier (left). Photo: www.globallookpress.com
Papa Doc's Hut: How Hell on Earth Was Built
The era of Francois Duvalier, nicknamed "Papa Doc", is the worst of nightmares even in the midst of Haiti's nightmare history.
Duvalier did not just embezzle the state budget and suppress the opposition. “Papa Doc” declared himself a voodoo sorcerer and leader of the dead, causing truly mystical fear among the poorly educated population. He relied on the Tonton Macoutes - volunteer forces who, in exchange for the right to rob and kill, destroyed anyone who was seen as politically unreliable. The Tonton Macoutes burned people alive, stoned them to death, and displayed the remains of victims in public places for the purpose of intimidation.
“Papa Doc” himself had his own torture chamber in the presidential palace, where, among other things, there was a “human squeezer” - a box studded with blades, in which the victim was locked and gradually squeezed, subjecting him to a painful death.
“Papa Doc” did not disdain racketeering - all businessmen of the island had to pay “voluntary donations” to his fund. Haitian citizens were required to buy a book of Duvalier's best sayings.
“Papa Doc” even turned the blood of his compatriots into income - 2,500 liters of donor blood were sent to the United States from Haiti twice a month. Of course, the population surrendered it exclusively voluntarily. For those who did not want to, the helpful Tonton Macoutes helped them donate all their blood at once.
Voodoo Master, or Why John Kennedy Died
In Washington, Duvalier's art was well known. But since the “son of a bitch” was loyal to America, he was given every possible support, using Castro’s Cuba as a counterweight. In addition, “Papa Doc” created ideal conditions for American companies that pumped everything they could pump out of Haiti.
During Castro’s time in Cuba, Soviet specialists practically created medicine from scratch, built industrial enterprises, hospitals, schools, and trained Cuban specialists in Soviet institutes.
The Americans did nothing like this in Haiti - such charity is not their style at all.
There were, of course, those who were squeamish - John Kennedy, unlike other representatives of the American government, he was not delighted with Duvalier and made it clear that he was not going to tolerate “Papa Doc.”
In response, Duvalier built a voodoo doll and began to publicly pierce it with a needle, promising the American president a terrible death. They laughed at “Papa Doc” until John Kennedy was shot in Dallas. After this, Duvalier's influence on his fellow citizens grew significantly.
Before and after Duvalier
In 1971, “Papa Doc” died, but nothing fundamentally changed in Haiti, because the deceased’s 19-year-old son became the new president Jean-Claude Duvalier, known as "Baby Doc".
In 1986, the United States felt that Washington was getting more problems than benefits from the Duvalier family, and “Baby Doc” was overthrown in a coup. Duvalier Jr. fled with hundreds of millions of dollars.
During the reign of the Duvalier family, at least 50 thousand opponents of the regime were killed, more than 300 thousand were forced to emigrate.
The economy was destroyed and it was necessary to rebuild it practically from scratch.
But there was no one to do this. The Tonton Macoutes, who lived by terror and robbery, did not give up their habits. Citizens who got rid of dictatorship, following the example of their ancestors who carried out the revolution of 1804, considered that freedom was an excellent reason to kill or burn alive supporters of the former government, and at the same time rob them. Those who were more politically literate took up arms and began to find out who was the most democratic.
In 1991, he was elected President of Haiti Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a priest who seemed to the international community to be a progressive figure. In Haiti, he was known for teaching his followers to burn political opponents using a gasoline-drenched tire placed around the victim's neck - Aristide's fans called it a "necklace."
The priest was soon overthrown as a result of another coup, but the Americans returned him to power again with the help of military force. The game “Aristide - not Aristide” continued until 2004, when the same Americans, tired of the fact that their protege was mired in corruption and repression, forcibly sent him to the Central African Republic.
Subsequently, Aristide, who abandoned his political career, returned to his homeland, and was soon imprisoned House arrest on charges of corruption.
Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Photo: www.globallookpress.com/Peggy Peattie
No exit. And it won't
In 2010, Haiti suffered a new big disaster - but now the inhabitants had nothing to do with it. As a result of the powerful earthquake, over 220 thousand people were killed, more than 300 thousand were injured, and 3 million people were left homeless. Material damage, according to conservative estimates, amounted to 5.6 billion euros.
For a poor country with a population of 10 million, such a catastrophe was a real “end of the world.”
Representatives of 50 countries promised that a total of about $10 billion would be allocated for the reconstruction of Haiti.
Money was indeed allocated, but miraculously disappeared, like everything disappears in Haiti. Even the buildings were not restored government agencies in the capital, let alone the rest.
Haiti today is a country of slums, garbage that is everywhere, crime and begging. Absolutely everyone is involved in the latter - from the authorities who beg from the international community, to ordinary residents who beg from unwary tourists or from each other. Haitians are accustomed to humanitarian aid, the distribution of which has also become a source of corruption.
The elite of Haiti today are those who are associated with the distribution of all kinds of international aid. According to journalists, even UN representatives are involved in criminal schemes. Organized crime thrives in Haiti, in particular, groups involved in drug smuggling and trafficking.
Perhaps the main source of income for Haiti is the transfers of former compatriots who managed to get jobs in other countries, primarily the United States. There are about 1 million of these, according to sociologists. As you might guess, they do not have the slightest desire to return home.
In the Republic of Haiti today there are all conceivable and inconceivable problems at the same time. No one really understands how to solve them. The international community continues to supply Haitians humanitarian aid, which allows them not to die, but does not answer the question of what to do with all this?
In the ducal alcove
When the Middle Ages ended, it was time to remember the islands from the same perspective in which the ancient Greeks thought about them. Let's take Andros - it is also in the Aegean Sea, not so far from Patmos. But judging by the paintings, it was inhabited by people of a completely different way of life! The great Titian painted this canvas for the personal chambers of the Duke of Ferrara, so that he could not be embarrassed about nudity.
Titian. "Bacchanalia on the Island of Andros." 1523-1526 National Museum Prado
The painting depicts a festival held in honor of the god Bacchus. This patron of winemaking and wine drinking will arrive on the island any minute along with his bride Ariadne - the sails of the ship can be seen near the shores. It is amazing that this is not just Titian’s personal variation on an ancient theme, of which there were many during the Renaissance. Everything is much more serious: Titian took the book of the ancient Greek writer Philostratus of Athens “Paintings”, which described 65 works of ancient artists. I opened the 25th chapter and tried to reproduce the image based on the verbal description. An unprecedented example of virtual painting.
On the church wall
The Christian paradise is described in the Old Testament - a book invented by nomads and cattle breeders. Therefore, for us, Eden is a beautiful garden with deep rivers, fertile land and many birds and animals. No islands. However, in the New Testament there was a place for the island, and a very important one.
Master of female half-figures. "Saint John on Patmos". Around 1540 London National Gallery
The Romans sent the Apostle John into exile to Patmos, a small piece of land in the Aegean Sea. It was there that he was visited by such inspiration, such stunning visions that their echoes still catch up with us to this day. We are talking about the book he wrote, “The Apocalypse,” from which both the Four Horsemen and the Whore of Babylon come from. Artists constantly painted St. John on Patmos, a piece of land amid green waves. And often in the heavens you can see visions of a saint - a red dragon-Satan and a woman clothed in the sun.
In the academy hall
For centuries, until the Romantics and Pre-Raphaelites introduced the fashion for Scandinavian and Celtic mythology, art continued to feed on ancient Greek legends. This Rococo masterpiece depicts the Aegean Sea and the island of Cythera, where the sanctuary of Aphrodite was located. But, of course, for Watteau this is already an open game, a carnival - the courtiers of Versailles do not even bother to dress up in antique costumes, but only follow the ancient customs of free love.
Antoine Watteau. "Pilgrimage to the island of Cythera." 1717 Louvre
While working on the painting, Watteau was inspired not only by the description of how pagan pilgrims sailed to the temple of Aphrodite. But also a motif from the popular comedy “Three Cousins”, which talked about wonderful island, from where no girl returns alone. By the way, this is a truly innovative painting - Watteau managed to change the seemingly unshakable rules that reigned in the French Academy of Arts, and received the title of academician not for the plot with gods and heroes, but for the depiction of real people, his contemporaries. Real life began to intrude more and more into art.
In an ordinary house
Surprisingly, landscape as an independent genre appeared very late, somewhere towards the end of the Renaissance. Before this, artists had to write either saints or mythical characters in the picture in order to justify its very creation. And only in the 17th-18th centuries it became possible to simply enjoy the views of nature, without any excuses. Guardi's landscape depicting a view of the Venetian island of San Giorgio Maggiore is one such painting.
Francesco Guardi. "View of San Giorgio Maggiore." Around 1760 Art Gallery and Kelvingrove Museum
Venetian artists were among the first to create purely landscape views. However, what is surprising here? Their city, located in the lagoon, is more beautiful than many miraculous wonders of nature. Another important aspect for the growing popularity of such urban views is the tourism industry. For some Englishman who took this painting home, the depicted Venetian island was a semblance of a sunny paradise.
As a gift for mom
Sometimes islands are just islands. For example, a painting by the famous pointillist Georges Seurat depicts the Seine and a beach in the suburbs of Paris on the island of La Grande Jatte. Parisians in full regalia, in top hats and bustles... The artist’s contemporaries, when they first saw the painting at the exhibition, saw a lot of meanings in it.
Georges Seurat. "Sunday afternoon on the island of La Grande Jatte." 1884-1886 Art Institute, Chicago
For some it was a cheerful crowd on a Sunday afternoon (including the author, who gave the work to his mother). Others saw in it the embodiment of boredom, spiritual poverty, a visual representation of thoughts of suicide. So, although the island is clearly not paradise, perhaps it is purgatory or hell? At least it's obviously very hot and very crowded.
In any magazine
The industrialization of society and the constant growth of crowds lead to escapism, to escapes from reality. One of the first methods of such departure in the art of modern times was symbolism. In this artistic movement, everything was full of mystical, spiritual, mysterious. The key work of symbolism was Böcklin’s “Island of the Dead” - an image of rocks with dark trees, to which a boat approaches, carrying what appears to be a coffin. The canvas enjoyed enormous popularity; at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, reproductions could be found in every cultural home. Beklin himself seems to be tired of this popularity - a few years later, as a clear contrast to his hit, he wrote “Island of the Living,” where couples of loving newts and nymphs swim in the waves, and people in ancient tunics are having fun on the shore. (Note that we can’t do without the ancient Greeks here).
Arnold Becklin. "Island of the Living" 1888. Museum of Fine Arts, Basel
But the film, despite its positive message, did not receive the same popularity. The audience, on the contrary, was drawn to the breakdown, to the gloom. It will take a couple of world wars for people to understand: after all, islands must be a symbol of happiness. The recipe is simple: sea, sun, and a comfortable plane.
1946 Hawaiian Islands. On April 1, at the bottom of the so-called Aleutian Trench in the depths of the Pacific Ocean, a gigantic earthquake occurred, giving birth to a monster. Those same deadly waves that, bursting onto paradise beaches Hawaii, rushed on, rapidly closing, as the newspapers of that time wrote, the fiery ring of hell.
British seismologist Wood Guthrie, who studied tidal anomalies on deserted sandbanks and miraculously escaped thanks to the powerful engine of an all-terrain jeep, noted a year later: “Spinning funnels formed on the sand of the beach. Some of the equipment that I had laid out at a distance from the tide was, like a vacuum cleaner, absorbed and lost forever. I noticed walls of water that looked like porcupine quills from afar. Realizing that delay was like death, I jumped into the jeep and five minutes later I was at the top of the nearest hill. From there I watched as yellow-green waves, with red crests pierced by the sun's rays, ran onto the shore and, pausing, fell slightly. I was sure that their height was enough to cover the hill where I took refuge under the thin iron of the machine.
I'm lucky. The rounding of the most powerful shaft, like a ladle, dug the deepest pit ten meters from me. The savior hill was cut off from the north side like a razor. And in the pit there was a small coast guard boat. When the waves rumbled in my rear, I saw with joy, mixed with horror, that five sailors, pale but intact, were staggering onto the deck of their vessel.”
The meteorologist on duty in the town of Hilow, Angela Weil, shared observations no less surprising: “Already at night we were informed that the source of the earthquake, fraught with a tsunami in our region, was located at a distance of three thousand seven hundred kilometers. At seven o'clock in the morning, we watched, not without internal trembling, as a fifteen-meter wave of dirty water mixed with bottom algae covered the nearest bungalows. The waves retreated and advanced with the periodicity of a swinging pendulum. And then we saw the corpses carried away by them. Almost no one was saved. They died before they could wake up from sleep. Those who climbed the palm trees also faced an unenviable fate. They died from electrocution when power poles collapsed. We were saved because we climbed up the tower in time, where instruments are installed to measure wind speed, air conductivity, and launch weather balloons.”
The ocean swayed for several more days. It swayed strangely. In some places its surface stood up almost to the edge. The water rustled like crumpled newsprint and glowed brightly in the twilight, as if someone was turning fiery wheels in the depths. In the sunlight, at a short distance from the shore, coal-black, trembling ripples were visible, occasionally revealing breakers topped with thick yellow foam.
However, these natural anomalies Only scientists who arrived from all over America, from Canada, Mexico, were interested. A detachment of thousands of volunteers, armed with a variety of technical means, did something completely different. He restored energy and water supply systems, built new housing, and carried out landscaping work.
To prevent this from happening again, they put into operation newest stations early and current warning. “The equipment is incredibly expensive, and, perhaps, it will be able to tell you when to go,” Hans Studlt, the chief specialist at the electronics company Crocus, who was testing it, gloomily joked. Fortunately, the equipment never gave any more alarms. But he can apply at any time. Nowadays, connected with the help of artificial Earth satellites to the Global Seismic Monitoring System, she hears and sees very well. Despite this, the paradise of the Hawaiian Islands could easily become hell.
Exactly 40 years ago, on March 27, 1977, an incident occurred at Los Rodeos airport on the Spanish resort island of Tenerife. biggest disaster in the history of world aviation. Due to the collision of two Boeing 747 airliners belonging to the Dutch airline KLM and the American Pan American, both planes burned out, killing 583 of the 644 people on board.
Such a terrible tragedy was caused by mutual misunderstanding of the crews of both aircraft and air traffic controller, superimposed on complex weather. It all started with the KLM Boeing taking the starting position at the end runway, and an American Boeing was moving towards him from the opposite direction, having received orders approximately halfway through the journey to turn onto side taxiway No. 3. However, the crew commander did not understand the dispatcher, who spoke with a strong Spanish accent, and decided that he needed to turn onto the next track No. 4, located much further. Instead of asking again, he continued moving in a straight line.
Meanwhile, the commander of the Dutch crew requested permission to take off. The controller responded by giving instructions on how to climb and then occupy the air corridor. The pilots took this as a command to take off. The commander replied to the dispatcher “We’re at take off.” The Spaniard thought that this phrase meant “We are at the starting position” and replied “OK”. However, the pilot meant “We’re taking off!”, and he obviously understood “OK” as confirmation. Deciding that the “American” had already cleared the runway, the crew switched the engines to afterburner, released the brakes and extended the flaps. The huge car began to accelerate. The pilots did not see the American Boeing rolling straight towards it, since there was thick fog over the airfield.
The airliner crews noticed each other only when the distance between them was reduced to 700 meters. At this moment it was too late to interrupt the run. The American pilot turned sharply to the left to get off the concrete road, and the Dutch pilot tried to “blow up” the car and jump over the obstacle, pulling the steering wheel towards himself with all his might. But the speed was still insufficient.
The KLM Boeing only “jumped” one and a half dozen meters up, slashing at the fuselage of the Pan American airliner with engines running at full throttle and extended landing gear bogies, and cutting off its keel with the tip of the left console. The impact caused the engines to catch fire and the flames instantly spread to the fuel tanks, which were filled to capacity. Having flown only a hundred meters, the flaming Boeing crashed heavily onto the runway, demolished the chassis and “plowed” on its belly for another 300 meters, turning into a huge bonfire. Of the 234 passengers and 14 crew members, none survived; everyone was burned alive.
The rammed American Boeing was doused with burning kerosene and it also burst into flames. 326 passengers and nine crew members died on impact or were burned to death, unable to escape from the fuselage engulfed in flames, but 61 people who had seats in the forward cabin were still able to escape by jumping through the front doors and escape hatches.
The investigation placed the main blame for the incident on the entire crew of the Dutch Boeing that died, obliging airline KLM pay compensation to the families of all victims of the plane crash.
Tragedies of this magnitude no longer occurred either at airports or in the air, since the likelihood of the simultaneous death of two superliners overcrowded with passengers is extremely low. However, collisions and crashes of aircraft occurred many times in the future. Of course, this is not a reason to give up flying, you just have to remember that you can’t escape fate, but completely safe species there is no transport.
A KLM Boeing 747, which died on 03/27/77 at El Rodeos airport in a collision with a similar American aircraft.
The remains of a burnt American Boeing.
Coffins with bodies dead passengers and crew members.
American film actress and fashion model Eve Meyer is one of the victims of the plane crash in Tenerife.
The highest - red - alarm level has been announced, vesti.ru writes. The US Geological Survey warns that the volcano's activity could increase at any moment. This is fraught with new emissions of ash and lava, explosions near the crater and the formation of volcanic cracks.
There are already 19 volcanic fissures recorded on the island. A narrow stream of lava flows towards the edge of the ocean at a speed of 20 kilometers per hour. On Saturday, May 12, three new deep cracks opened near the crater; the height of piles of solidified lava reaches the height of a four-story building. The eruption is accompanied by emissions of toxic gases.
Pune district, next to which the volcano is located, has been declared a natural disaster zone, 2,000 people have already been evacuated from there, and a command has been issued to begin a complete evacuation east coast the biggest Hawaiian island. Large factories have begun draining flammable liquids for safety reasons.
Donald Trump issued a statement in which he warned of a possible national danger as neighboring islands also began to become covered with a network of cracks from which magma erupts.
Hawaii is located on the so-called Pacific Ring of Fire: there are 12 other volcanoes associated with Kilauea that may begin to erupt. One of these volcanoes in the chain is St. Helens, which is located in the US state of Washington. On May 18, 1980, dozens of people became his victims.
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