Pella is the Macedonian capital. Ancient pella pella g tennis

; Herodotus named Pella a city located in the region of Bottiea, inhabited by the Botti tribe.

Stephen of Byzantium noted in his geographical treatise: Pella in Macedonia was formerly called Bounomos or Bounomeia. During the reign of the Macedonian king Alexander I (- BC), the lands of Macedonia rapidly expanded to the north and east due to the displacement and absorption of Thracian and other tribes. Under the son of Alexander I, King Perdiccas II, Pella was already part of Macedonia, and the Botti tribe moved to the Chalkidiki Peninsula. When the Thracian king Sitalkos invaded Macedonia in the 2nd half of the 5th century. BC e. , the Macedonians took refuge in a few fortresses, making guerrilla attacks against the enemy. Perhaps it was then that Perdiccas II decided to make Pella, located in a protected location, almost in the center of Emathia, his capital.

It is not known who exactly and when moved the capital of Macedonia from the sacred Aegis to Pella, but at least the son of Perdikkas, the Macedonian king Archelaus (- BC), built there luxurious palace, for the painting of which he invited the famous Greek artist Zeuxis. Euripides was buried here.

« The consul with his entire army left Pidna, the next day he was at Pella and set up a camp a mile from the city, stood there for several days, examining the location of the city from all sides, and was convinced that it was not in vain that the kings of Macedonia settled here: Pella stood on a hill overlooking winter sunset; There are swamps around it, impassable either in summer or winter - they are fed by river floods. The fortress of Fakos rises like an island among the swamps in the place where they come closest to the city; It stands on a huge embankment, capable of withstanding the weight of the walls and not suffering from the moisture of the swamps that surround it. From a distance it seems that the fortress is connected to the city wall, although in fact they are separated by a moat with water, and are connected by a bridge, so that the enemy cannot approach, and any prisoner imprisoned by the king could not escape except through the bridge, which is easier protect everything. There, in the fortress, there was also the royal treasury...»

After the Roman conquest of Macedonia in the 2nd century. BC e. Pella remained for some time the center of one of the 4 administrative districts, into which the Romans divided Macedonia, but then the center was moved to a more conveniently located Thessaloniki, and the former capital of the Macedonian kings was abandoned. Lucian in 180 called Pella an insignificant town with a small number of inhabitants.

The fortress among the swamps did not withstand the tests of peacetime. In the 1st century BC e. an earthquake destroyed the city. Natural changes in the landscape also contributed to the oblivion of Pella. Having once been a port on a lake and having access to the Aegean Sea through the Ludium River, over time Pella turned out to be a land city.

Archeology

In our time, only ancient ruins near the town of Ayia Apostoli (Greek) reminded of the existence of Pella. Άγιοι Απόστολοι ), but there was no certainty that this was exactly the same city - the birthplace of Alexander the Great. In the city of Ayii Apostoli, located one kilometer from the ruins of the ancient city and 40 km northwest of Thessaloniki (Greek Thessaloniki or Thessaloniki Θεσσαλονίκη), changed his name to Pella.

Excavations in Greece at the supposed site of ancient Pella began in the city and continued from the city. Decorative tiles with Pella inscriptions were discovered in the city, confirming the correctness of the archaeologists' assumptions. During the excavations, a settlement of the Neolithic period (7th millennium BC), traces of a palace complex with an area of 6 hectares, and a fortress were found. All that was left of the fortress walls was a stone foundation; the walls themselves were made of mud brick, which over time turned into mud, covering the foundation.

The ancient city, with an area of about 2 km², was located south of the palace. In the center there was a large square (agora), and the city itself was regularly planned with streets 9-10 m wide intersecting at right angles. The buildings (almost 500) were one- and two-story.

Mosaic

Well-preserved mosaics from the early Hellenistic period have been found on the floors of some buildings.

Of particular interest are the floor mosaics of the androns, so-called. “Houses of Dionysus” (“Dionysus”, “Lion Hunt”), and “Houses of the Abduction of Helen” (“Hunting the Deer” and “Abduction of Helen” (preserved fragment)).

On the mosaic depicting a scene of a deer hunt there is an inscription: “γνῶσις ἐποίεσεν” (“Gnosis made”) - the author’s first autograph in the history of the mosaic.

This new level mosaic art, which neither the masters of classical Greece knew and would not be achieved by the masters of the Hellenistic era for a long time. Here for the first time realism appears: space and volume, color is used freely. The technique involves careful selection of pebbles not only in size, but also in shape; for better detail, new materials are used - strips of clay and lead.

This is explained by the fact that master Gnosis oriented his art towards contemporary realistic painting, while others, both early and late masters, oriented mosaics more towards red-figure vase painting with its predominantly two-color color scheme and planar graphics.

Pella mosaics are the pinnacle of the art of pebble mosaics, and although pebbles would still be used in the 3rd-2nd centuries. BC e., it is becoming obsolete as a material for artistic works.

Write a review on the article "Pella (city)"

Notes

(G) (I)

Excerpt characterizing Pella (city)
Metivier shrugged his shoulders and approached Mademoiselle Bourienne, who had come running in response to the scream from the next room.
“The prince is not entirely healthy,” la bile et le transport au cerveau. Tranquillisez vous, je repasserai demain, [bile and rush to the brain. Calm down, I’ll come by tomorrow,” Metivier said and, putting his finger to his lips, he hurriedly left.
Outside the door one could hear footsteps in shoes and shouts: “Spies, traitors, traitors everywhere! There is no moment of peace in your home!”
After Metivier left, the old prince called his daughter to him and the full force of his anger fell on her. It was her fault that a spy was allowed in to see him. .After all, he said, he told her to make a list, and those who were not on the list should not be allowed in. Why did they let this scoundrel in! She was the reason for everything. With her he could not have a moment of peace, he could not die in peace, he said.
- And at least some fool would marry her! “He slammed the door, called m lle Bourienne to him and fell silent in the office.
At two o'clock the chosen six persons arrived for dinner. The guests—the famous Count Rostopchin, Prince Lopukhin and his nephew, General Chatrov, the prince’s old comrade in arms, and young Pierre and Boris Drubetskoy—were waiting for him in the living room.
The other day, Boris, who came to Moscow on vacation, wished to be introduced to Prince Nikolai Andreevich and managed to gain his favor to such an extent that the prince made an exception for him from all the single young people whom he did not accept.
The prince’s house was not what is called “light,” but it was such a small circle that, although it was unheard of in the city, it was most flattering to be accepted into it. Boris understood this a week ago, when in his presence Rostopchin told the commander-in-chief, who called the count to dinner on St. Nicholas Day, that he could not be:
“On this day I always go to venerate the relics of Prince Nikolai Andreich.
“Oh yes, yes,” answered the commander-in-chief. - What he?..
The small company gathered in the old-fashioned, tall, old-furnished living room before dinner looked like a solemn council of a court of justice. Everyone was silent and if they spoke, they spoke quietly. Prince Nikolai Andreich came out serious and silent. Princess Marya seemed even more quiet and timid than usual. The guests were reluctant to address her because they saw that she had no time for their conversations. Count Rostopchin alone held the thread of the conversation, talking about the latest city and political news.
Lopukhin and the old general occasionally took part in the conversation. Prince Nikolai Andreich listened as the chief judge listened to the report that was being made to him, only occasionally declaring in silence or a short word that he was taking note of what was being reported to him. The tone of the conversation was such that it was clear that no one approved of what was being done in political world. They talked about events that obviously confirmed that everything was going from bad to worse; but in every story and judgment it was striking how the narrator stopped or was stopped every time at the border where the judgment could relate to the person of the sovereign emperor.
During dinner, the conversation turned to the latest political news, about Napoleon's seizure of the possessions of the Duke of Oldenburg and about the Russian note hostile to Napoleon, sent to all European courts.
“Bonaparte treats Europe like a pirate on a conquered ship,” said Count Rostopchin, repeating a phrase he had already spoken several times. - You are only surprised at the long-suffering or blindness of sovereigns. Now it comes to the pope, and Bonaparte no longer hesitates to overthrow the head catholic religion, and everyone is silent! One of our sovereigns protested against the seizure of the possessions of the Duke of Oldenburg. And then...” Count Rostopchin fell silent, feeling that he was standing at the point where it was no longer possible to judge.
“They offered other possessions instead of the Duchy of Oldenburg,” said Prince Nikolai Andreich. - Just as I resettled men from Bald Mountains to Bogucharovo and Ryazan, so he did the dukes.
“Le duc d"Oldenbourg supporte son malheur avec une force de caractere et une resignation admirable, [The Duke of Oldenburg bears his misfortune with remarkable willpower and submission to fate," said Boris, respectfully entering into the conversation. He said this because he was passing through from St. Petersburg had the honor of introducing himself to the Duke. Prince Nikolai Andreich looked at the young man as if he would like to say something to him about this, but decided against it, considering him too young for that.
“I read our protest about the Oldenburg case and was surprised at the poor wording of this note,” said Count Rostopchin, in the careless tone of a man judging a case well known to him.
Pierre looked at Rostopchin with naive surprise, not understanding why the poor edition of the note bothered him.
– Doesn’t it matter how the note is written, Count? - he said, - if its content is strong.
“Mon cher, avec nos 500 mille hommes de troupes, il serait facile d"avoir un beau style, [My dear, with our 500 thousand troops it seems easy to express ourselves in a good style,] said Count Rostopchin. Pierre understood why Count Rostopchin was worried about the edition of the note.
“It seems that the scribblers are pretty busy,” said the old prince: “they write everything there in St. Petersburg, not just notes, but they write new laws all the time.” My Andryusha wrote a whole lot of laws for Russia there. Nowadays they write everything! - And he laughed unnaturally.
The conversation fell silent for a minute; The old general drew attention to himself by clearing his throat.
– Did you deign to hear about the latest event at the show in St. Petersburg? How the new French envoy showed himself!
- What? Yes, I heard something; he said something awkwardly in front of His Majesty.
“His Majesty drew his attention to the grenadier division and the ceremonial march,” continued the general, “and it was as if the envoy did not pay any attention and seemed to allow himself to say that in France we do not pay attention to such trifles.” The Emperor did not deign to say anything. At the next review, they say, the sovereign never deigned to address him.
Everyone fell silent: no judgment could be expressed on this fact, which related personally to the sovereign.
- Daring! - said the prince. – Do you know Metivier? I drove him away from me today. He was here, they let me in, no matter how much I asked not to let anyone in,” said the prince, looking angrily at his daughter. And he told his whole conversation with the French doctor and the reasons why he was convinced that Metivier was a spy. Although these reasons were very insufficient and unclear, no one objected.
Champagne was served along with the roast. The guests rose from their seats, congratulating the old prince. Princess Marya also approached him.

The sources do not contain an exact date for the transfer of the capital of Ancient Macedonia from Eg in Pella, as well as there is no name of the one who did it. However, most likely this happened in the 5th century. BC e. during the reign of King Archelaus. The name of the new Macedonian capital is traditionally traced to the word πέλλα (Ancient Macedonian “stone”). The reason for this, most likely, was the main pride and landmark of the city since its founding - the high stone citadel. By the beginning of the 4th century. BC. Pella became largest city region. The best Greek architects, artists, sculptors, poets, musicians and philosophers came to the court of the Macedonian rulers. Lived here and found his last refuge Euripides, having repeatedly sung beauty in his works new capital. He echoed Xenophon, calling Pella the best and largest of all the cities of Macedonia.

A building built in the last quarter of the 4th century BC occupied a place of honor in the city center. e. agora, being architectural gem Pella, unique both in design and size. The Agora was designed by the famous Greek architect Hippodamus and covered an area of approximately 7 hectares, which was 10 city blocks. The agora area was surrounded by a Doric colonnade, behind which there were shopping arcades and pottery workshops. Temples of Aphrodite, Demeter, Cybele and the Sanctuary of the Nymphs were built nearby.

Pella was one of the first known cities to have a centralized water supply for each residential building and wastewater disposal. The walls of the circular courtyards were decorated with frescoes. There were also unique pebble mosaics here. Among them, the most famous are images of a griffin lion fighting a deer, the abduction of Helen, Dionysus riding a leopard, as well as scenes of the royal hunt for a deer and a lion with the participation of Alexander and, in all likelihood, his closest friend Hephaestion. These mosaics decorated the floors of rich houses, especially the famous House of Dionysus. The level of craftsmanship with which they are made is recognized as an undeniable rarity in the ancient world.

Myself royal palace, to the design of which the famous Greek artist Zeuxis had a hand, was erected on the central hill and occupied a significant area, probably about 60 thousand square meters. It consisted of several large architectural groups arranged in two rows. In each of them, a number of rooms were located around a central courtyard area. Due to its location and high foundation, the palace, when viewed from the city, seemed to float in the air. The size of the complex indicates that, unlike the palace at Egi, Pella's palace was not only a royal residence, but also the seat of government.

The only description of the ancient city dates back to the 2nd century. BC e.:

“Pella stands on a hill looking at the winter sunset; There are swamps around it, impassable either in summer or winter - they are fed by river floods. The fortress of Fakos rises like an island among the swamps in the place where they come closest to the city; It stands on a huge embankment that can withstand the weight of the walls and not suffer from the moisture of the swamps that surround it. From a distance it seems that the fortress is connected to the city wall, although in fact they are separated by a moat with water, and are connected by a bridge, so that the enemy cannot approach, and any captive imprisoned by the king could not escape except through the bridge, which is easier protect everything. There, in the fortress, there was also the royal treasury..."

(Titus Livy)

Such was the city that gave the world a man who changed the course of history.

Son of Macedonian King Philip II and his wife, the queen Olympics, was born on the night of July 20-21, 356 BC. The newborn prince was named Alexander by his mother.

The boy spent the first years of his life in Pella in the female half of the palace, under the supervision of the queen, who raised him according to her own beliefs. The Olympics instilled in his son his passion for mysticism and fascination with ancient cults. Until the age of seven, the prince grew up mainly surrounded by women - Lanika’s mother and nurse; then they began raising the boy very thoroughly.

Alexander's first teacher was a relative of Olympias, invited to Pella from Epirus, Leonid. The stern mentor tried in every possible way to distance the prince from the court. The system by which he raised the boy was more like a Spartan one: regular forays into the mountains without supplies of water and food, daily grueling training, learning the skills of fighting and hunting, and a meager lunch once a day - this was the childhood of seven-year-old Alexander. Indulgences, sweets, decorations - everything was suppressed in the most decisive manner. It got to the point that for some time the boy was forbidden to even be present at royal table. Leonid pursued the goal of making the prince a seasoned warrior, indifferent to wealth and luxury, despising the pomp of the court and able to do without any joys in life - both physical and mental. Plutarch reports the following about the results of this approach to Alexander’s upbringing: “Even in his childhood, his abstinence was revealed: being otherwise frantic and uncontrollable, he was indifferent to bodily joys and indulged in them very moderately; Alexander’s ambition led to the fact that his way of thinking was serious and sublime beyond his age.” The science of the formidable Molossian somewhat undermined the health of the future king, but at the same time it also provided invaluable benefits, instilling in him unyielding fortitude.

Alexander's next tutor in Pella was an Acarnanian Lysimachus. He encouraged the boy's passion for legendary tales and the Homeric epic, and to the delight of Alexander he called him Achilles, Philip Peleus, and himself Phoenix (Phoenix was the name of Achilles' teacher). The complete opposite of the tough Leonid, the prince immediately fell in love with this man. They developed such a close friendship that after many years Lysimachus refused to stay in Macedonia and, despite his advanced age, followed his beloved pupil to Asia.

Among other Pellian teachers of the prince, the names of Philiscus, whose son Onesicritus, along with other philosophers, accompanied Alexander on the Indian campaign, and the mathematician Menechos - the former student of Plato.

Since nothing better existed at that time, Alexander received in Pella Primary education according to the Greek system: grammar, gymnastics, music and drawing. During the training process, general knowledge of geometry, astronomy and arithmetic was also given. Much attention was paid to athletic development, for which competitions were often held in running, jumping, javelin and discus throwing, as well as wrestling. It is known that Alexander played the cithara and sang well, so well that Philip forbade him to do this in public: in his by no means modest opinion, this was only suitable for actors and eunuchs.

At the same time, the palace witnessed a diplomatic meeting between the prince and the Persian ambassadors. The Persians did not coordinate their arrival with Philip's military affairs, and when the rich embassy arrived to Pella, the king was not in the capital. Seven-year-old Alexander considered it only possible to receive the guests of honor himself. This meeting left an indelible mark on the Persians. And if they initially expected a better reception and treats, the conversation with the son of the Macedonian ruler took them by surprise: the boy did not ask them a single childish question. Instead, he asked the ambassadors a lot about the roads in Persia, the route along which they arrived, about the Persian king himself, his army, and about which countries he was at enmity with and which he was friendly with. Obviously, the Persian envoys did not take the child seriously and only over time realized that in answering Alexander’s questions, they themselves told everything that would have required more than a dozen spies.

Philip spent most of his time on campaigns, so he could only raise his son occasionally. And although he understood that no one could teach the prince the science of ruling and fighting better than him, the ruler did not have the opportunity to do this himself. However, he had a desire to give Alexander the best education and introduce him to the high culture of Greece. The cultural direction in which Alexander had been brought up before did not suit the tsar too much: stories about gods and heroes alone would not go far. The heir to his throne needed a mentor not just good, but the best of the best. And Philip did not hesitate in his choice, inviting Aristotle to Pella. For some time the philosopher studied with Alexander in the capital, but soon, together with the prince and other students, he moved to a school in Mieza built specifically for this purpose.

When Alexander turned sixteen, Philip decided that it was time for his son to get used to the realities of life. Having taken the prince from idyllic Mieza back to Pella, the king began to involve him in governing the state. Having set out on a campaign against Byzantium (340 BC), Philip left his son as regent under the supervision of experienced advisers, entrusting him with the state seal and with it the right of royal power. Over the next two years, Alexander successfully coped with the responsibility entrusted to him, while the king fought in Thessaly, Phocis, Thrace, Illyria and Scythia.

Having ascended the throne, Alexander stayed in Pella for a few months, but in total he spent a little less than sixteen years in it.

It remained the capital of Macedonia for several more centuries. The city fell into decay for unknown reasons (probably due to an earthquake) towards the end of the 1st century.

There is little in today's Pella that reminds us of its former greatness. Only the ruins of a once majestic city - a small fragment of what was created Philip II a great kingdom, which owed the flowering of its power to his son Alexander. Only the snow-white columns are still directed upward, no longer supporting the ceilings, but now, it seems, the sky itself. Pella is another example of the bitter joke of time: be it a person or a city, the more significant his place in history, the less remains of him for his descendants later. Only his glory continues to live for centuries as a guarantee of immortality.

Symi Island

The island of Symi is one of the most beautiful and most visited in the Dodecanese. First of all, the port is striking in its beauty, which is called the most beautiful in Greece. The city climbs in terraces along the slopes of the hills facing the coast. It was built mainly in the 19th century. Houses with balconies and tiled roofs, painted in various warm colors. The city has been declared an architectural monument, and the reconstruction of old buildings and the construction of new ones is strictly prohibited.

Disputes about this continue to this day. They are led by historians, Greek scholars, writers and ordinary people. An educated, unmarried, open-minded woman who leads an absolutely independent lifestyle. These are considered hetaeras of ancient Greece. Among these ladies there were those who played fundamental roles in the public life of Greece. The houses of such hetaeras were a center for communication between politicians, artists, and social activists.

Family as understood by the Greeks

Word artists in Ancient Greece

In this article I will briefly introduce the Greeks who sang life and beauty in their works. First of all, these are poets: Homer and Hesiod are the largest representatives of epic poetry, the subjects of which are mainly great wars, the joys and sorrows of an entire people; Sappho, Archilochus, Alcaeus, Alcman, Pindar and Bacchylides are representatives of lyric poetry who recited their poems accompanied by the lyre and music in general;

Achilleion - the palace of the sad empress.

Among the many attractions of the island of Corfu, the amazing Achilleion sparkles as a special pearl. It is located in the small town of Gasturi, 10 kilometers from the capital of the island. This palace is also called the Palace of the Sad Empress. This article will tell you who this empress is and why the palace is named so.

We return towards Veria to the crossing of Aliakmon, but we do not cross the river, but turn left and drive along this road along the river to the monastery. Here, on the slope of the high bank of Aliacmon, at the foot of Mount Pieria, is located Monastery of John the Baptist .

The history of the monastery is lost in the depths of centuries. It is known that here in the 9th century. Saint Clement of Ohrid, one of the “developers” of the Cyrillic alphabet, took monastic vows. In the monastery, according to its own will, the head of the saint is kept as a relic.

By the 14th century this region is falling into disrepair. At this time, the great enlightener Saint Gregory Palamas and his disciples settled in the caves near the monastery. In the same years, Saint Athanasius also passed through the monastery of the Baptist, who later founded the Great Meteor monastery.

In the 16th century From Holy Mount Athos, Saint Dionysius, abbot of the Philotheus monastery, came to these places and founded a cenobitic monastery here. Later, unwilling to give in to the demands of the inhabitants of Veria, who insisted that the saint become their bishop, Dionysius withdrew and subsequently founded the monastery of the Holy Trinity on Olympus, which today bears his name. Saint Nikephoros, founder of the monastery in Zavorda (region of Grevena), was a friend and associate of Saint Dionysius.

In total, the memory of twelve saints, one way or another connected with the monastery, is honored here. All of them visited the monastery, lived for a long time or for a short time under the shadow of the monastery of John the Baptist.

After the uprising in Naoussa in 1822, the Turks burned all the monasteries in the area, including this one. However, the monks were able to hide the relics in time. When they returned, they found only scorched lands. Everything was restored only by 1835. Today, the monastery has the appearance it acquired at that time.

In front of the entrance to the monastery there is a gazebo with a spring. Entering the gate inside the fortress walls of the monastery, we will find ourselves in the first monastery courtyard. Peacocks walk around here, and in the monastery shop you can buy whatever you like. Moreover, during our arrival the seller was not there, and we could take the selected items and throw money for them into a box adapted for this purpose. I purchased a pilgrim's guide and a CD of church hymns here.

Further behind another gate is a second courtyard. There is a refectory and a synodal hall here. On the left is the entrance to the cave. Even further away is the Catholicon, main temple. This is a three-nave basilica dedicated to the Beheading of the Venerable Head of John the Baptist. To the left of the church is a spring; the gazebo built above it serves today as a bell tower. Opposite the temple there is a wing with cells. The newly built terrace next to the church offers wonderful views of the Alyacmon River and the mountains.

If you go further along the low corridor, you can get to the western wing of the monastery. We were not there and I don’t know if this passage is accessible to visitors to the monastery. Here are located the monastic cells as well as the building where the seminary functioned for ten years until 1915. At the end is the old catholicon of the monastery, built in 1622.

Outside the monastery, in the west, there is a waterfall, and behind it the caves in which the holy inhabitants of the monastery lived, including Gregory Palamas.

The expedition to the enterprises of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region has taken place! From November 21 to 26 I visited a dozen various enterprises Northern capital and its surroundings, where I was lucky enough not only to make photo reports, but also to conduct interviews. The first enterprise that I inspected was the Leningrad shipyard "Pella", located in the city of Otradnoye. This is what we will talk about today.

The main products of the Pella plant are new generation tugs, modern, comfortable and reliable, because they work successfully in all major ports and Russian naval bases. Individual specimens can be found abroad: in Latvia, Lithuania, even in Italy.

Almost every one of my Severodvinsk reports features a tugboat manufactured by Pella. The tugboats of the Northern Fleet "Viktor Tikhonov" and "Anatoly Tarasov", as well as the tugboat of the Severodvinsk enterprise "Zvezdochka" "Alexander Zryachev" are real "workhorses" and perform the most difficult tasks, including the removal of ships under construction and repair from the waters of the enterprises "Zvezdochka" ", "Sevmash" and the Belomorsk naval base.

The company is located on two sites - old and new. The old one is located on the territory of the former Pellina Palace, where the plant management, the engineering division "Pella-Mash" and "Pella-Fiord" (fiberglass shipbuilding) are located. The new site is located on the border of the city and the region in the village of Sapernoye.

The old site is located on the territory of the former Pellinsky Palace, built under Catherine II. Today, all that remains of the palace, dismantled to its foundations by order of Paul I, is the carriage stable building and the outbuilding of the Postal Station.

4. Carriage stable building and outbuilding of the Postal Station of the Pellina Palace complex.

In the 30s of the twentieth century, a trailer plant of the USSR Ministry of Forestry Industry was built on this territory, and in 1950 shipbuilding production was organized there, after which the main products of the plant became tugboats, speedboats, pilot boats and other small vessels.

In 1957, the enterprise was renamed the Leningrad Ship Mechanical Plant. The enterprise's capacity has grown over time, and new directions have been developed. Thus, in the 1960s, a new direction, fiberglass shipbuilding, appeared at the plant. The first examples of such vessels were the Nadezhda catchers for fishing base"Vostok", hydrographic vessels of the "Kaira" type, working boats "Bekas", light vessels of all domestic deep-sea vehicles for exploring the World Ocean.

5. Boat of project LM 4-87.

In 1965, the enterprise, as a pilot production facility, was transferred to the Central Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, and its historical name "Pella" was returned to it - the Leningrad Shipyard "Pella".

Since the 70s, with the direct participation of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Customs Union, the production of technological equipment for the shipbuilding industry has been mastered: painting machines, pipe bending machines, thermal metal cutting machines.

In 1992, the enterprise was privatized and became an open joint-stock company "Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant "Pella" (since 06/21/1996 - Open Joint-Stock Company "Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant "Pella").

In 2012, construction began on a new site in the village of Saperny, thanks to which it became possible to build ships and vessels with greater length and draft and with more convenient launching.

6. New shipbuilding complex "Pella".

In 2016, the company was leased the property of the Feodosia shipbuilding plant "More" (Crimea).

Today, "Pella" is a joint-stock company, which includes 8 subsidiaries and dependent companies, owning a territory of 33 hectares and sufficient to conduct successful business assets.

First site (old)

The construction of an order begins not only with sheet metal, but also with the receipt of the rest at the warehouse necessary equipment for a future vessel/ship.

7. PALFINGER PC 2300 crane stored in a warehouse for a future tug.

Then, in the hull assembly shop, the assembly of the structures of the future vessel begins.

8. Hull assembly shop. Here the assembly of large structures of the future vessel takes place.

9. Inside the body assembly shop.

10. Factory administration building. Also inside there is a dining room and a first-aid post with a massage room. Behind there is a whole network of metalworking and machine tool assembly workshops.

After the large structure is assembled, it is transported to the workshop near the outfitting embankment. Finished blocks are transported from the hull assembly shop to the boathouse, where the finished hull is assembled from the blocks.

After the ship's hull is completed, it begins to be equipped with equipment and painted.

11. Project 16609 tug

The vessel is launched using trolleys and a transborder.

12. Construction of a tugboat of project PE65. The transborder rails are visible on the left.

Then the tug, in a high degree of readiness, is brought out on slipway trolleys to the site and lowered into the water along an inclined slipway.

13. Transborder rails. It is through them that the water order is launched.

14. The raid tug "Volchok" at the outfitting embankment of the enterprise. Its construction is being carried out for the Navy.

15. Road tug "Volchok" and slipway workshop.

16. Random guests.

On the existing territory of the plant, there are restrictions on the draft of ships under construction of no more than 3.54 m due to the rapids on the Neva fairway. Therefore, now the plant has the ability to build technical fleet vessels: tugs, pilot boats and other special vessels, with a draft of no more than 4 m and a length of up to 50 m in the amount of 12 - 15 units. in year. Of these, the plant annually produces at least 5–9 vessels according to government orders from various federal departments.

17. Mast of the future tug.

Second site (new)

Construction of the new site began on July 16, 2012 in the village of Saperny Leningrad region on the section between the St. Petersburg Otradnoe road and the Neva River embankment.

On a new section of the river. There are no restrictions on thresholds on the Neva, so Pella plans to organize serial construction there and descent to 10 sea vessels per year, length up to 100 m, width up to 22 m, with draft up to 8 m. Including:

special vessels of the technical fleet: high-power tugs with reinforced ice class, hydrographic and other special vessels, including for ensuring the operation of infrastructure facilities of the Northern Sea Route;

loans fishing fleet(vessels for longline fishing for bottom fish, mid-depth trawlers, scientific research vessels for industry institutes of Rosrybolovstvo), which must be built in Russia in pursuance of paragraphs 1b and 2c of the List of Presidential Instructions Russian Federation on the development of the fishery complex dated March 21, 2013. No. Pr613;

ships for the Russian Navy.

18.Administrative building on the territory of the new site.

On new site At the Pella shipbuilding enterprise, ship construction is carried out in almost the same way as at the old one. It all starts with the delivery of sheet metal and equipment to the warehouse.

19. Multi-ton sheets of metal are moved around the hull processing shop using several overhead magnetic cranes.

20. Rolled sheets awaiting processing

After the metal has arrived at the enterprise, work begins with it in the body-processing shop.

21. Hull processing shop.

Metal sheets pass through dozens of different machines, after working with which an ordinary sheet turns into a part of a future vessel/ship.

22. Hydraulic press SMT.

With the help of machines located in the body-processing shop, a sheet of metal can be given almost any shape.

23. Boscert hydraulic press brake.

24. Sheet bending machine.

The length of the vessel is 63.8 m, width - 10.8 m, maximum draft - 3.8 m, speed - 12 knots, cruising range - 1 thousand miles, autonomy - 20 days, crew - 16 people, expedition members - 20 Human.

An interview with the deputy director of the Pella enterprise will be published on our portal in the near future. The interview will tell in detail about the work of the enterprise, orders, achievements, prospects and problems.

The ancient city of Pella, also known locally as Tabaqit Fahl, is famous for its rich history. There are many interesting archaeological sites here, most of which date back to the Greco-Roman, Islamic and Byzantine periods (12th to 14th centuries AD). But some of the finds made here are among the oldest evidence of human culture. Excavations on the territory of Pella are still ongoing - the city is beloved by archaeologists as most interesting object for research.

Pella is located in the north of the Jordan Valley, near Amman. In the Greco-Roman era, the city was part of the Decapolis (Decapolis) - an association of ten economically and culturally developed cities.

The city of Pella owes its name to the city of the same name, where Alexander the Great was born. Just like in the commander’s homeland, there were healing hot springs here, so the soldiers of Alexander the Great gave the city the same name - Pella. But the city itself was founded long before the reign of Alexander the Great. Thanks to the unique archaeological finds, it can be argued that settled life existed on the territory of Pella already in the Paleolithic era. In the second millennium BC. Pella was already a city.

The main attraction of Pella is the ruins of a Byzantine large temple complex. It was built by Christians and was used for Christian worship, despite the established Islam in the region.

The ruins of the great ancient theater - the Odeon - are also a significant find for archaeologists. It was built in the 1st century AD. downtown. Near the Odeon, several ancient fountains have been preserved, of which the Roman Nymphaeum fountain deserves special attention. Among the Byzantine churches preserved in Pella, it is worth paying attention to the Eastern and Western ones. The Eastern Church is located on a high hill, with observation deck which offers an excellent view of the city - a particularly good place for photography. The Western Church, whose construction dates back to the 4th century AD, was badly damaged by the earthquake - all that remains of it are three columns that were part of the colonnade of the courtyard.

Tourists will also see in ancient Pella such ancient monuments as: a residential area of the early Islamic period - streets, houses, shops; and the ruins of a mosque built during the Mamluk period.

Speaking of rare and ancient monuments, which tourists can see in Pella, it is worth noting the remains of cities fortified for the purpose of defense from the Bronze and Iron Ages; artifacts that relate to the Old and New Testaments; traces of Chalcolithic human settlement (4th century BC). As a result of modern excavations carried out not so long ago, evidence was found that ancient settlements existed in Pella 10 thousand years ago.

Excursion to ancient city Pella, in which everything is literally imbued with antiquity, antiquity, will remain in your memory for a long time.

It might be useful to read: