Water passenger. Water transport. Passenger river transportation along the Volga

River transport transports goods and passengers along waterways of natural and artificial origin, and is relevant for local transportation within the borders of the country.

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It occupies an important place in transport system Russia. Most often, freight and Passenger Transportation pass along the Volga, Lena, Amur, Yenisei, Ob and Angara.

Statistics

According to general statistics that do not take into account distances, inland water transport services are used by 0.11 percent of the population, which is negligible compared to other types ( public transport- 90.52%, railway - 8.54%).

Type of transportation 2015 2016
million people % million people %
Railway 1 024,60 8,29 1 040,00 8,54
Bus 11 221,00 90,78 11 027,40 90,52
Inland waterway 13,2 0,11 13,1 0,11
By sea 9,6 0,08 13 0,11
Air ( transport aviation) 92,1 0,75 88,6 0,73
Total 12 360,50 100,00 12 182,10 100,00

If we take into account the transportation range and capacity, the statistics will not change much: the same 0.11 percent, compared to railway (27%) and public (25%) transport.

Type of transportation 2015 2016
million passenger km % million passenger km %
Railway 120 644,20 25,88 124 619,60 27,23
Bus 118 061,50 25,33 116 885,20 25,54
Inland waterway 492,3 0,11 525,1 0,11
By sea 61,7 0,01 88,1 0,02
Aviation (transport aviation) 226 849,20 48,67 215 593,90 47,10
Total 466 108,90 100,00 457 711,90 100,00

In general, it can be concluded that passenger river transportation have a very small share among popular types transport, surpassing only sea transport. There is a tendency for the number of passengers using this type of transport to increase, but it is not significant.

In transportation useful resources in remote riverine areas, this type of transport plays a more important role.

Inland water transport has been teetering on the brink of unprofitability for many years: many years of problems with financing the industry have played a huge role in this.

Most of the ships currently in use are outdated, still Soviet. Currently, only a quarter of hydraulic structures are in good condition to ensure safe transportation.

Advantages and disadvantages

Despite the sad statistics described above, river transport has enough advantages and remains relevant today.

The advantages of this type of transportation include the following:

  1. Paths of natural origin are used: they do not require the same costs as for arranging roads or laying rails.
  2. Transportation costs are cheaper than using trains.
  3. Energy consumption is less than that of land transport.
  4. High carrying capacity.

But river transportation also has its downsides. Among them are:

  1. Low movement speed.
  2. Seasonal: not relevant when rivers freeze or become shallow (depending on the climate of the region). IN northern regions are used 120-150 days a year, in the south - 200-240, in areas with a mixed climate - something in between.
  3. Use is limited by river format: sinuosity, direction, length.
  4. Highly dependent on weather conditions.
  5. River pollution.
  6. Step depth; leads to additional passes when using large vessels.

Rules for safely transporting children along the river

In any case, when traveling on water with children, do not forget about the safety rules and official instructions that reflect the rules of behavior when traveling on water:

  1. Firstly, the basic rules will be the same for both adults and children.
  2. It is necessary to make sure that the ship has evacuation instructions, an exit plan, and determine the location of life jackets and lifeboats. If they are not available, it is not recommended to use this water transport.
  3. Once on board the ship, you move to territory controlled by the ship's crew, including its captain. Their instructions and disciplinary duties must be followed. Your safety and navigation will depend entirely on the crew on board.
  4. After settling into the cabin, carefully read the instructions on the safety of passengers and the ship again.
  5. Make sure you have a swimming vest and that it is suitable for use. Read the instructions for use in advance so that emergencies do not take you by surprise.
  6. It is worth making sure that the vessel is fully ready for work from the documentary side, and has all the necessary licenses. It is worth finding out whether the

Don't forget that when you buy a ticket, you are making a deal with the company that owns the ship.

If we take the rules relating specifically to passengers with children, we can highlight the following points (in accordance with and):

  1. Children under 5 years old are entitled to free travel (one child), and children from 5 to 10 years old are entitled to reduced travel (Inland Water Transport Code).
  2. Minors under 14 years of age do not have the right to travel unless accompanied by a legally capable passenger. (Chapter 1, Clause 8 Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 05.05.2012 No. 140).
  3. The ship must have individual children's life jackets, one for each child on board. (Chapter 1, paragraph 12, Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 05/05/2012 N 140).

Separately, you can make the requirements from the Rules for the provision of services for the transportation of passengers, baggage, cargo for personal (household) needs in inland water transport, approved.

According to this Resolution, an accompanying person with a child under 7 years old can use the services of a mother and child room:

  • sleeping places and bed linen for children and adults;
  • accepting extraordinary orders for all types of services provided;
  • use of bath, shower, towels and bathing accessories;
  • health care;
  • provision of children's games.

bypassing these rules is:

Passenger river transportation along the Volga

Passenger transportation by river transport is in demand in large rivers, which includes the Volga.

Mainly they are used for:

  1. River cruises: trips on boats and high-speed vessels.
  2. Passenger transport: in some populated areas this method is the only way to arrive.

Major ports and transshipment points on such routes will be:

  • Moscow;
  • Yaroslavl;
  • Kostroma;
  • Kaluga;
  • Kolomna;
  • Serpukhov;
  • Rybinsk;
  • Samara.

The main passenger flows are concentrated in the Volga-Kama river basin. River stations of cities in this area offer many options for intracity, transit, local and suburban destinations travel along the Volga by transport, both simple and tourist.

The longest lines are Moscow – Astrakhan/Perm/Rostov/Ufa:

The largest river station is the capital one.

In the Volga-Vyatka basin the largest river stations located in the following cities:

Main ports in the Volga basin:

  • Kalininsky;
  • Cherepovetsky;
  • Rybinsky;
  • Yaroslavsky;
  • Gorkovsky;
  • Kazansky;
  • Ulyanovsky;
  • Kuibyshevsky;
  • Saratovsky;
  • Volgogradsky;
  • Astrakhan;
  • Permian.

Price

Prices for river transportation vary greatly, depending on the distance and duration of the journey, ending with the number of stops. Also, the price is strongly influenced by the type of trip - tourism or simple transportation. Plus the price for each kg of luggage is added to the ticket price:

A simple journey will cost about t 60 to several hundred rubles, with tourist and entertainment flights the situation is more interesting. Depending on the format and content of the trip, prices vary from 5 to tens of thousands of rubles.

For example, the cost of travel on the route Krasnoyarsk - Dudinka will be from 7 to 30 thousand rubles(depending on the category of space and weight of luggage).

How to choose the best value for money? Please note the following points:

  1. Decide what is more important to you - comfort or the price of travel, because depending on the level of the cabin, the payment can vary by 4 times.
  2. Seasonal discounts, especially for pre-booked reservations. The sooner you buy a ticket, the cheaper it will cost you, and the easier it will be to choose the most comfortable option.
  3. It is worth studying the available offers from shipping companies and choosing the best option.
  4. Selecting the ship on which you will sail. Today, in Russia there are ships with 2-4 decks, the number of which determines the capacity of the vessel. For some, the large size will be a plus, but since this leads to an increase in the number of people on board, this option is not suitable for everyone.
  5. Study photographs of the ship, the interior, read reviews on various sites to make sure that the territory is sufficiently comfortable.
  6. Peak tourism and sailings usually occur in June-July, which causes a jump in cruise prices. Try to take a closer look at the tariffs in May or August - the demand will be lower, as will the price. You can, of course, try to find a ticket for October and April - but the weather is unlikely to facilitate comfortable travel.
  7. The choice of direction and length of the trip also plays a big role:
    • As surprising as it may be, the Moscow-St. Petersburg, Moscow-Arkhangelsk and, for example, Naryan-Mar-Salekhard roads will differ significantly in price.
    • The main thing at this point is to decide on the departure city, because the prices for the route depend on it.
    • In addition, due to the fact that large waterways in our country flow either from north to south or from south to north, it is not always possible to find a direct river route even with nearby cities, such as Khabarovsk and Birobidzhan.

Compensation for losses

Transportation of passengers by this method is regulated by the Inland Water Transport Code Russian Federation” 2001.

According to this document:

  1. The carrier bears full responsibility for passengers and accepted baggage, from the moment of boarding until the moment of disembarkation at the destination.
  2. Loss, damage or incomplete delivery of items due to the fault of the crew must be compensated to the passenger, as well as payment for the carriage of cargo in full size, unless the carrier proves that the loss was a consequence of circumstances beyond his control.
  3. Baggage will be considered lost if it does not arrive at its destination within 30 days after the designated date.
  4. Also, the carrier is responsible for the lives of passengers and the safety of the ship.

Transport companies

Maritime transport is important primarily because it provides a significant part of Russia’s foreign trade relations. Internal transportation (cabotage) is essential only for supplying northern and east coasts countries. The share of sea transport in cargo turnover is 8%, although the mass of transported cargo is less than 1% of the total. This ratio is achieved due to longest average transportation distance - about 4.5 thousand km. Passenger transportation by sea is insignificant.

Globally maritime transport ranks first in terms of cargo turnover, standing out for its minimal cargo transportation. In Russia it is relatively poorly developed, since the main economic centers of the country are located far from the sea coasts. In addition, most of the seas surrounding the country's territory are frozen, which increases the cost of using sea transport. A serious problem is the country's outdated fleet. Most of the ships were built more than 20 years ago and should be decommissioned by world standards. There are practically no ships of modern types: gas carriers, lighter carriers, container ships, ships with horizontal loading and unloading, etc. There are only 11 large seaports on the territory of Russia, which is not enough for a country of this size. About half Russian cargo of those traveling by sea transport is served by ports of other states. These are mainly ports of the former Soviet republics: Odessa (Ukraine), Ventspils (Latvia), Tallinn (Estonia), Klaipeda (Lithuania). The use of seaports of other states leads to financial losses. To solve this problem, new ports are being built on the coasts of the Baltic and Black Seas.

The leading sea basin in Russia in terms of cargo turnover is currently the Far East. Its main ports are Vladivostok and Nakhodka, which rarely freeze. Built near Nakhodka modern port Vostochny with terminals for the export of coal and timber cargo. The port of Vanino, located on the final section of the Baikal-Amur Railway, is also of great importance. This port operates a ferry connecting the railway network of mainland Russia with the network of Sakhalin Island (port of Kholmsk).

The Northern Basin is in second place in terms of cargo turnover. The main ports in it are: Murmansk (non-freezing, although located beyond the Arctic Circle) and Arkhangelsk (timber export, both sea and river). Major ports They also operate at the mouth of the Yenisei. These are Dudinka, through which ore concentrates are exported from Norilsk, and Igarka, through which timber and forest products are transported. The section of the Northern Sea Route between the mouth of the Yenisei and Murmansk is year-round, which is ensured by the use of powerful icebreakers, including nuclear ones. Navigation east of the mouth of the Yenisei is carried out only 2-3 months in the summer

The third most important is the Baltic Basin. Its main ports are St. Petersburg (freezing) and Kaliningrad (non-freezing). Using the convenient Kaliningrad port is difficult, since it is separated from the main part of Russia by the territories of foreign countries. Near St. Petersburg there is a small port of Vyborg, through which mainly timber cargo is transported. The ports of Ust-Luga and Primorsk are being built.

The Cheriomorsk-Azov basin is in fourth place in terms of cargo turnover. There are two ice-free oil export ports here - Novorossiysk (the most powerful in Russia) and Tuapse. TO maritime transport also includes transportation across the Caspian Sea. The largest ports here are the ports of Astrakhan (both sea and river) and Makhachkala, through which mainly oil cargo is transported.

River transport

River transport (or inland waterway) was the main one in Russia until late XIX V. Currently its importance is small - about 2% of cargo turnover and weight of transported goods. Although this is a cheap mode of transport, it has serious disadvantages. The main thing is that the directions of river flows often do not coincide with the directions of cargo transportation. Expensive canals have to be built to connect neighboring river basins. In Russia, river transport is a seasonal mode of transport, since rivers freeze for several months a year. Total length navigable river routes in Russia are 85 thousand km. 3/4 of the cargo currently transported by Russian river transport is mineral and construction materials. Passenger transportation by river transport is insignificant, as well as by sea.

More than half of the country's river transport freight turnover falls on the Volga-Kama basin. It is connected by channels with neighboring basins (Don, Neva, Northern Dvina, White Sea), being the basis of the Unified deep-water system of the European part of the country. The largest river ports are also located here: Nizhny Novgorod, Northern, Southern and Western in Moscow, Kazan, Samara, Volgograd, Astrakhan. In second place in terms of cargo turnover is the West Siberian basin, which includes the Ob and its tributaries. In addition to construction materials, oil cargo makes up a significant share of transportation. The main ports are Novosibirsk, Tobolsk, Surgut, Labytnangi, Tyumen. The third in Russia is the Northern Dvina basin with its tributaries Sukhona and Vychegda. A significant share of its transportation is made up of timber cargo. The main ports are Arkhangelsk and Kotlas.

River transport is of great importance in the northeastern part of Russia, where there are virtually no networks of other modes of transport. The bulk of cargo is delivered to these territories in the summer either from the south of the railway (along the Yenisei from Krasnoyarsk, along the Lena from Ust-Kut), or from the mouths of rivers, where cargo is delivered by sea.

Director of the Moscow river shipping company» told The Village about the development of water transport as an alternative to the metro, how yachts are becoming more and more accessible and about the new route from Bolotnaya.

  • Olga Zhurkova April 28, 2012
  • 9847
  • 5

On April 20, the passenger navigation season opened in Moscow for the 79th time. About whether it is possible to win with the help river boats the problems of traffic jams in Moscow, about boats with flashing lights and about the new route for Bolotnaya The Village talked with general director"Moscow River Shipping Company" by Konstantin Anisimov.

TRAFFIC PROBLEM

However, this year we will launch two transport routes. One in the Crocus Expo area, next to the Myakinino metro station. There, a residential area is located on one side of the Moscow River, and a metro station is on the other. There is no bridge yet, the bypass route is taking time. This is where river transport is necessary and, I think, will be in demand. We also decided to conduct an experiment and open one water metro route on the high-speed motor ship "Raketa": from the Pechatniki pier to the Ustinsky Bridge on Kitay-Gorod. For now, we will launch two or three morning and evening flights. Pechatniki can be reached in just 20 minutes. “Rocket” reaches speeds of up to 60 km/h - this is a very noticeable speed on the water, passengers will ride like a breeze.

In this experimental mode, we plan to evaluate all the risks and prospects, as well as the commercial side of the issue. Now we will set the price at 30–50 rubles, this is approximately the same price that was discussed at the mayor’s office. In general, we would like to take part in a state competition, if one is announced, we have ready-made transport, a route, and experience. In general, it seems to me that by developing this direction further, we will not go wrong: the city has long been in need of alternative transport routes, at least in the summer.

ABOUT DISCOS ON THE WATER
AND THE ROUTE FOR THE SWAMP

The Moscow River does not remain desolate: search the Internet for “rest on the river” - there will be a lot of offers. There are restaurants on the water, discos on the water, just walks. II understand perfectly well that many people do not like the music that comes from the decks, but this is a matter of taste. Moreover, according to my observations, the temperature on the ship is higher than on the shore, people drink more and relax more. But we have a marketing department, they are trying to come up with some new offers, jazz cruises for example.It’s difficult to come up with new routes: you can’t turn the river back; all the routes were basically invented in the 50s. But last year we launched a new walk from the pier on Bolotnaya Square with access to the Moscow River near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
During the 2012 navigation they plan to transport
800 thousand passengers on pleasure navy and
near 35 thousand people on a cruise

The ship passes by the Kremlin, goes to Staroe Zamoskvorechye and returns to the Luzhkov Bridge. There, as you know, the bridges are very low, and our usual ship will not pass along this route. But recently we presented a new class motor ship “Stolichny” - this is a low vessel with a glass retractable roof, a convertible on the water, capable of passing under the bridges of the Obvodny Canal. It offers a wonderful panorama.
By the way, last year the route was not particularly popular. But now that Bolotnaya Square has become a symbolic place in Moscow, we hope that the demand for our walk will increase.

ABOUT TOURISTS

Moscow - not very tourist town. For the last four years, the tourist flow has been declining. At the same time, in recent years, hotels in the capital have been demolished - in general, a lot has been done to ensure that no one comes here. Now this trend seems to have reversed, and the situation must change. If you look at Paris, there are a lot of ships sailing along the Seine, and they are jam-packed with people, but 90% are foreigners or French who came to Paris to get to know the capital.
Pool area 17,600 square kilometers.

Water is primarily a tourism product.All our new ships are equipped with simultaneous translation facilities into many languages ​​and have an excursion program. Cruises from Moscow to St. Petersburg are very popular among tourists.Two ships are insured by foreign companies, there are VIP cabins, satellite TV, Wi-Fi.

This year we launched a medical cruise, or rather a dietary cruise. The entire menu is written there by day; tourists are accompanied by nutritionists. There are ethnographic cruises - this applies to more routes along the Volga. Many nationalities live there: Tatars, Chuvashs, Mordovians. They talk about their history and life.

ABOUT BOATS WITH FLASHING LIGHTS

Young, rich... But several people die on cars every day, compared to one or two incidents on the water during navigation - this cannot be avoided. Moreover, just Last year There were fewer such cases, and there was a fierce fight against this. Fifteen years ago, drunk people on jet skis in beach areas simply drove over the heads of vacationers, many people died - they simply didn’t write much about it, but now every case is resonant. And the state inspection for small vessels - it is part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations - closely monitors the whole situation: they have their own boats, they have more or less restored order, there is no more such impudence.

ABOUT MIDDLE CLASS YACHT

I am absolutely confident in the socialization of yachting. Naturally, until now the majority of yacht clubs concentrated in the Moscow region are an expensive pleasure. Some of these clubs belong to private cottage villages, where the yacht club is a means of increasing capitalization. And yet, if you believe the statistics, the vast majority of yachts are scattered across various boat parking lots; people take yachts home, put them in garages or on closed water where there is no shipping. This suggests that yachting is becoming interesting not only to very rich people. It is the middle, affordable segment that is developing: the number of million-dollar yachts is decreasing, they are leaving Russia abroad, and 7- and 10-meter yachts are appearing, the cost of which ranges from one hundred thousand to several million rubles.

ABOUT PERSONAL BOAT IN EUROPE

In Europe, yachting is a common thing. France, the Netherlands, and Belgium are literally cut by small rivers and canals; small ships (up to 20 meters) sail along them. Anyone can take the helm - just show your passport and leave a deposit. We, of course, are very far from these countries, first of all in terms of infrastructure: gas stations, boat stations, services - we don’t have all this. At the same time, the problem is that in Russia the rivers are much deeper and wider, large-scale shipping is developed, and maneuvering a small yacht through such bodies of water is much more dangerous. Therefore, in Russia, in order to take the helm, you need special rights. And not everywhere you can rent a yacht; for example, we only let yachts with their own crew.
They flow into the Moscow River 92 tributaries, and they themselves feed a huge amount rivers, rivers, streams, springs; adjacent to the Moscow River basin 362 rivers and about 550 streams.

1. Complete the tasks.

1) Mark (fill in the circle) land, water, air and underground transport in different colors on the page. 74-75.

2) Mark passenger, cargo and special transport on the same pages with the first letters of these words (write the letter in the box).
Within this framework, decipher the symbols, that is, show what color or letter each type of transport is indicated by.


2. Give examples of transport that is also:

a) ground, passenger, personal: a car;

b) ground, passenger, public: bus, passenger train, tram, trolleybus;

c) water, passenger, personal: boat, cutter, jet ski;

d) water, passenger, public: motor ship, water bus.

3. Write down the phone numbers you call:

a) firefighters - 01

b) police - 02

c) "Ambulance" - 03

Write down a single emergency telephone number:112

4. Compare sizes Vehicle shown in the figure. In the red squares, number them in order of increasing size, and in the blue squares, number them in order of decreasing size. Ask your deskmate to check on you.

5. Make and write down a general plan for a story about the history of various types of transport.

1) Transport in ancient times.
2) Invention of the steam engine.
3) The appearance of transport using an internal combustion engine.
4) The emergence of aviation.
5) Flights into space.
6) Electric motors are the future of transport.

History of various modes of transport

In ancient times, people also used various modes of transport. Most of them people still use today. For example, even now you can see a horse pulling a cart, and wooden boats hollowed out from tree trunks take part in sports competitions. People also rode and transported goods on dogs, camels, elephants, donkeys and other domestic animals.

In the 19th century, an event occurred that dramatically changed transport - the steam engine, invented in the 17th century, began to be used in transport. So in 1801, the first steam locomotive in history was built and several steam-powered carriages were built. It was also around this time that the first steamship was built.

At the end of the 19th century, a more advanced engine was invented - the internal combustion engine. The first motorcycle was built in 1885, and the first car was built in 1886. A little later, motor ships that were more advanced than steamships began to be produced en masse. A few decades later railways The diesel locomotives also went.

In the 20th century, the development of transport went by leaps and bounds. In 1903, the Wright brothers first flew an airplane. Airplanes improved quickly. The most different types aviation transport: sports, passenger, cargo, military. The engines that powered the planes also quickly became more and more powerful. Airplanes now fly using jet engines, some of which are capable of breaking the speed of light.

On April 12, 1961, the greatest event took place - the first manned flight into space. Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made one revolution around the earth on the Vostok spacecraft and landed safely. This event marked the beginning of the era of space transport.

Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, humanity uses a variety of types of transport, powered by different engines. The speed of their movement, ease of use and environmental friendliness (safety for nature) increase. By the way, on environmental safety transport is now receiving special attention. That is why now on the city streets the most the best transport trolleybuses and trams are considered, in railway transport Electric locomotives and electric trains are used, and electric vehicles are becoming more and more used as personal transport.

6. Our cheerful Parrot invites you to color the balloon so that it becomes beautiful and cheerful. You can hold a competition in class for the funniest balloon.
Have you ever seen real Balloons? If yes, tell us about your impressions. In the frame on the right you can paste a photo of the balloon.

What types of water transport are there?
What could it be more romantic than a walk on water? To this day, there is still something special and attractive about sea travel. Perhaps this is connected with danger, perhaps with some mystical phenomena on the open sea. But the shipbuilding industry is developing as actively as everyone else. Therefore, on this moment we know what types of water transport there are, and what we need to achieve our goals.
Types of water transport are classified according to the type of reservoirs on which this transport travels and the type of cargo that is transported. It is logical that such transport can be river and sea. Moreover, it can be cargo or passenger. We also know underwater transport, which are submarines that primarily transport dangerous goods or perform military missions. Sea vessels always arrive and moor at sea or river ports. Ferries are a separate type of water transport.
Tourist transport is a vessel that is designed for travel and sea (river) trips. These are, first of all, yachts, boats, sailboats, boats, etc.

Water transport in the photo on the Internet
Water transport, photos of which we see on the Internet, are vessels capable of transporting goods and passengers. But we forget that there are also special, narrowly focused types. These are rescue boats, fire boats, for a special purpose. Research vessels can also be created and used. It is rare to see such water transport in photographs. It is also interesting to look at military ships, which are landing sites for air vehicles at sea. They not only amaze with their size, but also with their power and technical equipment. Freight transport is divided into those that carry dry cargo, tankers, container ships and ro-ro ships. Let's also not forget about separate form ships - about icebreakers. Aircraft carriers, destroyers, cruisers - this terminology is used in military affairs.
On travel websites we often see offers for trips on water trams or even gondolas. They can also be safely classified as water transport, because they are capable of transporting people and objects, but still the main functions of such vessels are slow movement across a body of water in order to explore local attractions.

Water transport - conqueror of the sea elements
Water transport is designed to move goods and passengers across a specific body of water. Depending on its intended purpose, structural features, as well as technical capabilities, water transport has its own subtypes and classes.
Water passenger transport- these are tourist or route ships that move groups of people from one point of land to another, by means of water route. Vessels with cargo on board have their own types, depending on the carrying capacity and the type of product that can be transported.
Special representatives of water transport are specialized tourist sites: yachts, liners, cruise ships, boats, boats. They are capable of staying on the high seas for a long time and providing passengers on board with everything they need. Also a separate class of water transport is military super- and submarines, which perform strategic missions and are absolutely specialized carriers of people and special equipment.

 

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