South Sakhalin history in photographs. City of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Sakhalin Island is a place extraordinary beauty, vibrant nature and unique climate. Snow remains until the end of April, but the warmth of spring appears already in February. Summer unfolds at the end of June and delights throughout September. Soft, colorful autumn bewitches, and winter drives you crazy with countless winds and huge levels of snow.

Sakhalin is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan, it is separated from the mainland by the Strait of Tatar, and 17 large rivers, and there are more than 16 thousand lakes. Great amount mushrooms, plants and animals found on the island are rare and protected. The island's topography is composed of medium-high mountains, low mountains and low-lying plains. According to the tradition of the Far East, mountains are called hills, the beauty of which is unforgettable all year round, especially in the numerous passes.

Sakhalin Island: photos



Sakhalin Island: where is it located?

Washed by the waters of Okhotsk and Japanese seas. It is separated from the mainland by the Tatar Strait, the width of which at its narrowest point (Nevelskoy Strait) is 7.3 km, in the south of the island. Hokkaido (Japan) is separated by the La Perouse Strait. It extends meridionally from Cape Crillon in the south to Cape Elizabeth in the north. The length is 948 km, with an average width of about 100 km, on the isthmuses Sakhalin narrows: on Okha to 6 km, on Poyask to 27 km. Area 76.4 thousand km2.

Sakhalin Island on the world map

Sakhalin Island: how to get there

There are two main ways to get to the island - air and water. As for the air: there are four passenger airports on Sakhalin: in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Shakhtersk, Zonalny and Okha. Of these there are regular flights to various cities on the mainland, including Moscow, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Blagoveshchensk, Vladivostok, Sovetskaya Gavan, as well as to various cities in China, South Korea and Japan.

Two airlines fly from Moscow to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: from Sheremetyevo - Aeroflot, from Domodedovo - Transaero. Local airline flying to different cities Far East, - "Sakhalin air routes".

There are no flights from the village of Zonalnoye and the city of Shakhtersk to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but from them you can fly to Sovetskaya Gavan and Khabarovsk. This can be done with the help of Amur Airlines.

You can get there by water from Vanino ( Khabarovsk region) to Kholmsk ( Sakhalin region). These ferries operate daily and all year round. They operate without a clear schedule, and the price rises every year, significantly outpacing inflation, plus it varies depending on the season (more expensive in summer, cheaper in winter).

Sakhalin Island: video

Flight over Sakhalin

Picture of Sakhalin - a sunny island on Earth

Here I am on Sakhalin. Nine-hour flights are becoming easier for me; I’ve almost learned to get enough sleep on the plane. But I’ll probably never overcome the time shift immediately a bunch of hours ahead.

Today I will tell you about the first day of the trip that we zizis held in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

1. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport. An ordinary typical Soviet building, like Domodedovo before reconstruction.

2. Those greeting people in crowds attack those leaving the airport: they flew in from the mainland, from Moscow, from the other side of the world. But I don’t understand why you need to block the entire entrance, disturbing those whom no one meets. By the way, the pleasant thing is that no one shouted the hated words: “Taxi, the car is inexpensive!”

3. The city begins immediately, at the airport. Or an airport within the city...I'm confused.

4. In addition to right-handed Japanese cars, there are many rare Soviet left-hand drive cars in the city.

5. Although there are more right-hand drive vehicles, the roads are obligatory.

6. As soon as we got into the car, we learned about a local landmark: near the abandoned officers’ house there is an abandoned exhibition of military equipment: armored vehicles and a MiG-15 aircraft. So, the fighter is unusual!

7.

8. So this is the plane, according to legend local residents, “the same” plane that shot down a Korean Boeing 747 in 1983. They say that after those events, the unit was disbanded, transferred to another place, and this plane was forced to be left for examination, and then they erected it as a monument, since it had become separated from the team.

9. At first I thought of making a new format for travel notes, and at the same time glorifying Andrey: I suggested that he wear a white suit and buy it at flea market a cane so that he could pose for me for travel notes, like the unforgettable Mr. Katz, but Andrei said that he is a serious man and does not do such things.

10. So, the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is very young: there used to be a Japanese city of Toyoharo, which in 1946 literally began to be wiped off the face of the earth: local residents were kicked out, and everything Japanese was carefully destroyed so that it would not remain even in memories. But some buildings have still been preserved, and now they are shown as attractions. Here, for example, is a garrison military court.

11. This is not Japanese, this is Korean, there are many of them living here.

12. Remains of a Japanese pulp and paper mill.

13. The plant is about a hundred years old, much has been destroyed, but what has not been destroyed by man is almost not destroyed over time.

14. They say that the Japanese had special secrets for preparing concrete.

15. Even though the Japanese were driven out of here with a filthy broom, the equipment, as you understand, was and is still being bought and bought Japanese. And the canvas railway There is still some left of them, only now they have begun to “alter” it to fit our, Russian, track.

16. Graffiti and advertisements are funny. By the way, the pink salmon salmon run has already started, there is a chance that I will be able to film the catch of red caviar.

17. What did they mean?

18. There were a lot of Shinto temples and shrines throughout the city. Here are the remains of one monument in the park.

19. And this is already a remake. They say that even the Japanese themselves cannot understand what is written here.

20. One of the features of the city that I noticed is that everything is prohibited here. Well, that is, this problem is common to all our cities, but here the concentration of prohibitions is somehow prohibitive.

21. Prohibited!

22. Swimming on the grass is also prohibited!

23. Don’t you dare!

25. Where can you walk your dogs and ride your bike if not in the city garden?

26. Apparently, such a number of prohibitions gave impetus to creative creativity.

27.

28. On a pleasant note, in many places in the city, work is underway to improve the surrounding landscape. Here they are laying new tiles. Simple, but smooth, in different colors.

29. A new memorial is being made for the 65th anniversary of the liberation of the Far East from Japanese fascists.

30. The old one is not forgotten either.

31. In Yuzhny there is ski slope"Mountain air". In summer, the lift operates as an observation deck for tourists.

32. The lift is new and modern, Austrian cabins, like in Sochi. To be honest, I expected to see something shabby Soviet. But the resort here is not bad, they say that people from all over the Far East come here to ski.

33. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk itself is amazing boring city: especially from above. It is flat, the photographer doesn’t even have anything to “catch onto”.

34. The vast majority of buildings are five-story buildings. I wish I could paint them...

35. Local flavor: the corners of the houses are “insulated” with wood. It’s funny, in neighboring Kamchatka, houses are sheathed with iron in exactly the same way. The tree looks better.

36. Typical Sakhalin house. It seems old and shabby, but look how nice the facade looks without the air conditioner “boxes”...

In general, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is dreary and uninteresting. There is absolutely no feeling of the Far East, the edge of the earth, even caviar costs the same as in Moscow. Therefore, today - get out of the city! I hope today I will find that same Far Eastern flavor.

On August 8, 1945, at 5 p.m. Moscow time, Molotov received the Japanese ambassador and told him the following: since midnight on August 9, that is, an hour later Tokyo time, the USSR and Japan have been at war.

The major success in Manchuria and Korea, achieved by Soviet troops in the first two days after this event (declaration of war), allowed the command of the 2nd Far Eastern Front to begin implementing the plan for the Yuzhno-Sakhalin operation on the morning of August 11. Its implementation was entrusted to the 16th Army under the command of General L. G. Cheremisov and the Northern Pacific Flotilla under the command of Vice Admiral V. A. Andreev.

Sailor Pacific Fleet next to a killed Japanese soldier in the forest on Sakhalin.


A Japanese bunker destroyed by Soviet sappers in the Kharamitogsky UR area on Sakhalin.

Colonel of the Red Army with capitulated soldiers of the 88th Japanese Infantry Division in the Koton area (since 1945 - the village of Pobedino, Smirnykhovsky urban district, Sakhalin region).

The crew of the Soviet 76-mm ZiS-3 gun changes position on Sakhalin near the T-34-85 tank.

Senior Lieutenant Postrigon assists a wounded soldier during the Yuzhno-Sakhalin offensive operation.

The crew of the SB bomber, Senior Lieutenant M.G. Dodonov next to his combat vehicle on Sakhalin during the Yuzhno-Sakhalin offensive operation.

Soviet soldiers on one of the bunkers of the Kharamitog fortified area, blown up by sappers of the 165th Infantry Regiment during the Yuzhno-Sakhalin offensive operation.


White flags of surrender on the building of the central post office in the city of Toyohara (modern Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).


Japanese traders prepared for the arrival of Soviet soldiers in South Sakhalin, preparing posters with inscriptions in Russian and Soviet paraphernalia.

Orderlies place a wounded soldier on a horse-drawn cart for transport to a field hospital during the Yuzhno-Sakhalin offensive operation.


Soviet soldiers resting around a fire on Sakhalin during the Yuzhno-Sakhalin offensive operation.



Units of the 165th Infantry Regiment occupy the Japanese border stronghold on Southern Sakhalin - the Khandasa police post.

Khandasa post is a powerful border fortification with a three-meter earthen rampart and concrete firing points. It was taken on August 12 by a battalion of the 165th Infantry Regiment, reinforced by tanks from the 214th Separate Tank Brigade.

Handasa police post, a Japanese border stronghold on South Sakhalin, after the assault by Soviet troops.

A dead Japanese soldier near a truck that came under Soviet artillery fire on Sakhalin.


Soviet soldiers near trophies captured from the Japanese on Sakhalin.


On August 15, the Emperor of Japan called for troops to surrender. This is what Japanese surrender looked like

Winners.


Entry of Soviet troops into Maoku (Kholmsk)


On August 20, 1945, Soviet troops landed in the port of Maoka (now Kholmsk). When the soldiers entered the post office building, they found nine corpses of young Japanese telephone operators lying on the floor of the hall. All the girls took potassium cyanide. There is a monument to this event in Japan, Fr. A film was made about the self-sacrifice of girls in Japan.

Vice Admiral Andreev and Admiral Yumashev in Maoka

Red banner over southern Sakhalin


In August 1945, before the official surrender, Mikoyan and Vasilevsky arrived on Sakhalin


Mikoyan's communication with Japanese children

(Old Sakhalin) invite you to take a black and white walk through our region. These photographs are sent by the Sakhalin residents themselves, or the authors of the project find photographs in various sources, and “Old Sakhalin” has already accumulated a decent collection.

Sakhalin Museum of Local Lore

A museum was founded in Southern Sakhalin in the Japanese governorate of Karafuto (1905−1945). In the administrative center of Toyohara to display collections of natural history islands, the Japanese authorities built a new museum building in 1937 with donations from the population.

After the end of World War II and liberation South Sakhalin And Kuril Islands The Japanese museum was nationalized. The Regional Museum of Local Lore was opened for viewing in the building of the Japanese museum.

Photo description: Construction of the Karafuto Governorate Museum.

Year of photograph: 1935

Source: Unknown

Period: Karafuto

Photo description: Karafuto Governorate Museum after completion of construction work.

Year of photograph: 1937

Source: Unknown

Period: Karafuto

Photo description: Karafuto Governorate Museum.

Year of photograph: 1940

Source:

Period: Karafuto

Photo description: Postcard. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Museum.

Year of photograph: 1959

Source: sakhalinmuseum.ru

Period: USSR

Photo description: The building of the Sakhalin regional local history museum. 1980s

Year of photograph: 1980

Source: gorodculture.ru

Period: USSR

Art Museum

The building was built in 1932 and was a branch of the Hokkaido Takushoku Ginkou Bank. Currently it is the Sakhalin Regional Art Museum.
Source: oldsakhalin.ru

Photo description: Hokkaido Takuseku Bank

Year of photograph: 1935

Source: Sapporo City Library, Japan

Period: Karafuto

Photo description: View of Toehara at night. There is a bank on the left side

Year of photograph: 1935

Source: Unknown

Period: Karafuto

Photo description: Bank and department store on Oodori Street.

Year of photograph: 1935

Source: Unknown

Period: Karafuto

Photo description: National Bank. Sakhalin Department of Savings Banks.

Year of photograph: 1960

Source: Unknown

Period: USSR

Photo description: Lenin Street. Regional Art Museum.

Year of photograph: 1955

Source: Victoria H. Myhren Gallery, University of Denver Art Collections, Denver, Colo.

Period: USSR

Regional library

August 12, 1947 on the basis of the city library at st. Krasnoarmeyskaya, 20, the Sakhalin Regional Library was opened. In 1947, the regional library moved to the building of the House of Pioneers, and a year later - to the building of the Polish Catholic Church (Bibliotechny Proezd, 1). SakhOUNB moved to the current building on Khabarovskaya Street in April 1974.
Source: libsakh.ru

Photo description: Regional library. The year of filming is approximate.

Year of photograph: 1960

To Sakhalin, 1950, color photos.

Here are photographs taken on Sakhalin in 1950 by documentary filmmaker Mark Troyanovsky. In 1950, Troyanovsky began preparations for the creation documentary film about Sakhalin, he went to Sakhalin to collect material. Regardless of his location - the front or an expedition, Troyanovsky always carried his camera with him. As a result, he was left with a large archive of negatives, including some with unique footage, taking into account the specifics of his work. Now most of M. Troyanovsky’s photo archive is in the state archive and is available for study. Previously, some materials from Troyanovsky’s archive related to the war were already presented here: staged shooting of I. Stalin in November 1941, filming the trial And death penalty in Krasnodar 1943, photographs by L.I. Brezhnev photographs of destroyed German tanks taken near Novorossiysk in 1942-1943.

As soon as color film became available in the 40s, Troyanovsky began to use color whenever possible, and often processed colored materials himself. Photography on Sakhalin was done on domestically produced color negative film - the inscription “factory-3” on the perforation, film without a masking layer, photographs were taken with a Leica camera.

After a trip to Sakhalin, a script was written (together with journalist I. Osipov), then the first filming was carried out. Further work on the film was interrupted by the task of making a large color film about Mongolia. The film about Sakhalin continued to be made by the then-novice film director Eldar Ryazanov, who later switched to working in feature films. The films made by the group have been preserved and are available for viewing in the film archive, these are the full-length (1296 m) film “Sakhalin Island” No. 20525 (1958, TsSDF, directors E. Ryazanov and V. Katanyan; script I. Osipov, M. Troyanovsky) and short film (568 m) “In the Far Eastern Seas” (1955, authors: the same cast).
Some photos taken by M. Troyanovsky on Sakhalin are given below

From the annotation to the film in RGAKFD one can guess the filming locations:
Summer camp of the reindeer herding collective farm "Val", farm of the collective farm named after Kalinin, Aniva region, organized by settlers from the Kursk region, etc.

In this photo on the right (in a coat) is M. Troyanovsky.

Apparently a typical landscape of Sakhalin at that time:

What kind of park is it, who knows?

From the annotation: “A geological exploration party is conducting research for hard coal. Open-pit mining of hard coal in the area of ​​the village of Vakhrushev. An excavator loads coal onto a machine.”

 

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