L 410 Czech 19 seater aircraft. How it's made, how it works, how it works. L410 crash in Khabarovsk region

L-410 (photos below) is one of passenger models aircraft developed by the Czechoslovak company Let. The airliner is designed to transport people, cargo and mail over short distances. In its category it surpasses many analogues in a number of indicators and is considered one of the best.

Short story

Design work under the name L-410 began in 1966 in the Czechoslovak city of Kunovice. Three years later, an experimental model of the model took to the skies. Then it was equipped with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 engines. Over the next few years, the designers significantly modified and improved the aircraft. The key innovation was the new Czech Walter M601 engines, which were developed specifically for it at the aircraft plant in 1973. Later, the company's engineers created a number of modifications of the L-410 aircraft. The model quickly became popular, and individual copies of it appeared on all continents.

In the early nineties of the last century, a real crisis began for the enterprise: there were practically no orders for new aircraft. The situation changed dramatically only in 2008, when 51 percent of its shares were acquired Russian company"UMMC" (five years later it bought the remaining part). The new owners of the plant managed to significantly expand the portfolio of orders and make the model truly in demand on the market. As a result, during this time several dozen aircraft from the line were built and sold to various customers from Ukraine, Brazil, Bulgaria and Slovakia. A significant share of them went to domestic consumers.

Now in the world there are just over 400 aircraft of this line of various modifications. According to expert estimates, for the Russian market alone, the demand for these airliners today is about one hundred copies. Work on modernizing the model is not ending at the present time. As for the cost of the L-410, the price of the aircraft starts at 2.4 million euros.

General description and characteristics

It is based on the aerodynamic design of a cantilever high-wing aircraft. The model has a semi-monocoque round fuselage and an all-metal structure. The aircraft is equipped with a three-wheel retractable landing gear with a nose gear. As for the wings, they are straight and trapezoidal in plan. The model is assembled by a Czech company using a full cycle. In other words, there are lines for the production and assembly of all elements and assemblies, from surface treatment of materials to testing at our own airport.

The production version of the airliner, which is very popular these days, is equipped with two GE H80-200 turboprop power plants. The maximum flight range of the model is just over 1.5 thousand kilometers, while the longest flight duration is about five hours. The aircraft is capable of simultaneously carrying 19 passengers on board, excluding crew members.

Key Benefits

Now a few words about the main advantages that the Let L-410 airliner boasts. Reviews from experts in this field indicate that the main one can be called the lowest operating costs in the entire category. In addition, the aircraft is reliable and durable even in extreme conditions. The model’s engines are distinguished by unique traction characteristics that are maintained at fairly low pressure and high temperature. Among other things, this aircraft has the most spacious cabin in its category, a spacious luggage compartment and excellent safety parameters, which provides passengers with a high level of comfort. It should also be noted that the equipment used here is very variable for installing additional options. Thanks to its unique landing gear, the vessel is able to take off and land even on short, grassy and wet strips.

Exploitation

Currently, the L-410 model is successfully operated in more than fifty countries located on five continents. During the entire production of the aircraft, a total of about 1,100 copies were assembled. It is most popular in the countries of the former Soviet Union. As of today, the Czech aircraft plant produces the UVP E20 modification, which is considered the most modern and advanced in the line.

Often, Let L-410 aircraft are operated by airlines that provide air taxi services. In addition, the model is very popular in many world government agencies. It should also be noted that the manufacturing plant always provides its customers with all the necessary service support in a timely manner. The aircraft is also available in amphibious, ambulatory, medical, cargo and executive versions.

The L-410's cabin volume is 632 cubic feet. Thanks to this, even in its standard version, passengers are provided with a fairly high level of comfort. At the same time, one cannot help but note the fact that often its interior is modified and additionally equipped for the purpose of further use in the form of a corporate or private aircraft, where there is everything necessary for rest and work.

Flying in extreme conditions

As noted above, the L-410 aircraft can be operated quite successfully and safely even in difficult weather conditions. According to the technical data sheet, this airliner is designed to operate at temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees. Thus, thanks to its unique design and heavy-duty fuselage, the model is actively used both in the scorching heat of African and Latin American deserts, and in the coldest corners of the planet.

Certification

The L-410 aircraft has been certified and received the appropriate type certificates in many countries, including the Czech Republic, Russia, Germany, Argentina, the Philippines, Australia, Brazil and others. After the European Aviation Safety Agency was established, the model received an EASA certificate, which applies to everything. In addition, the operation of this aircraft is permitted in many other countries on the planet.

How L-410 aircraft are made in the Czech Republic helio wrote in December 4th, 2013

L-410 UVP-E20 is a universal twin-engine aircraft of Czech production for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation on unprepared dirt, grass, snow areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an aircraft in the “off-road” category. The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation around the world.

Production site of Aircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic.
The Aircraft Industries plant, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces aircraft through a full production cycle - yes own lines surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, machine shop, assembly shops, design office and airport.

L-410 fuselage parts production workshop. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing production - light green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year.
About 80% of aircraft are supplied to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.

Production of parts on a CNC milling center from the French company Creneau.

Cleaning parts before molding

Forming a part on a press

Punching press

Design documentation - interceptor drawing

Manufacturing of the wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center.
The production uses Russian duralumin produced by OJSC Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.

Wing panel production

Assembly of the front wing

Checking the quality of riveting on an airplane wing

One L-410 aircraft uses about 185,000 rivets different types and sizes

Riveting work in the middle part of the fuselage

Installation of floor panels

Production of the rear fuselage

Production of engine air intake parts

Production of air intake parts for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for Boeing aircraft 787.

Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610.
In one half of the building there are two production lines for new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a service workshop for aircraft coming out of service.

There are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop at the same time. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit.
At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing for delivery to customers.
Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1,150 aircraft of the L-410 family.
More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.

The process of finishing the luggage compartment of an aircraft in the nose after completing the installation of electrical equipment

Emergency exit door assembly

The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible.
The forward luggage compartment doors are open.

Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally include devices from Russian manufacturers

Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin

Installing Wiring Harnesses

Installation of electrical wires on an aircraft wing in the area of the engine nacelle

Five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with a GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. It has been installed on all new aircraft since January 2013 and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR MAK.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of their own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant.
The average age of the company's employees is 44 years.

Work on the GE H-80 engine, carried out by a representative of GE Aviation Czech, Prague (former Walter plant).

The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of production, as within its framework, engines, landing gear and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand Euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first components the fuselage takes just under a year to complete flight testing.

Cockpit of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and TCAS II. The L 410 is designed in the metric system (rather than inches), which is an exception in Western aviation.

This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation aircraft for pilot training in Sasovsky flight school civil aviation(Ryazan region).

Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarz is the chief test pilot of the plant.

Under the wing of an airplane, a view of the river. Morava and the town of Uhersky Ostrog

Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana.
Airplanes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable colors.

Leaving with a turn
Practical ceiling - 8000 meters

Approaching the runway.
The L-410 aircraft can land both on a paved runway and on grass, soil and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation “Shortened Takeoff and Landing,” which also recalls the Russian roots of the aircraft.

Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkowice.

Medieval gothic castle Buchlov (XIII century) is located 10 km from Kunowice.
Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia – the south-eastern region of the Czech Republic.

Velegrad Monastery (XIII century) is one of the main pilgrimage churches in Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866 Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in Velehrad.

A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staroe Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city.

TASS DOSSIER. On November 15, 2017, the passenger plane Let L-410UVP-E20 Turbolet of Khabarovsk Airlines, flying along the route Khabarovsk - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur - Nelkan village (Ayano-Maysky district Khabarovsk Territory), made a hard landing 2 km from its destination. Six people were killed, including two crew members. One child was saved.

The editors of TASS-DOSSIER have compiled a chronology of crashes of L-410 aircraft in Russia. In total, from the end of 1991 to the present day. V. Five crashes occurred on Russian territory aircraft of this type (excluding the state of emergency on November 15, 2017). A total of 41 people died in them.

April 4, 1992 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67130) of Kamchatavia Airlines, flying from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Baykovo (Sakhalin region), crashed near the destination airport. There were 12 people on board - two pilots and 10 passengers. The crew violated the approach pattern, the plane collided with the ground 5 km from the runway. A detached propeller severed the fuselage behind the cockpit, killing one of the passengers and injuring two others. The power elements of the aircraft were significantly damaged.

August 26, 1993 in Yakutia, the aircraft L-410UVP-E (registration number RA-67656) of Sakha-Avia airlines, flying along the route Kutana - Chagda - Aldan, crashed while landing at the last point of the route. There were 24 people on board - two pilots and 22 passengers, all of whom died. The commission that investigated the crash found that the aircraft was heavily overloaded. Its landing weight exceeded the maximum allowable by 550 kg, this changed the balance of the aircraft when the crew began to lower the flaps, causing the aircraft to stall and collide with the ground. The pilots who decided to carry out the flight despite significant excess takeoff and landing masses, as well as with the aircraft’s rear alignment being too high, were found guilty of the emergency.

January 20, 1995 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67120) of the Abakan airline, flying flight 107 on the route Krasnoyarsk - Abakan, crashed during takeoff at Krasnoyarsk Yelizovo airport. The plane was unable to gain altitude, collided with trees and crashed 930 m from the runway. There were 19 people on board - two pilots and 17 passengers. Both crew members and one passenger were killed, 13 people were injured. The cause of the accident was the overload of the aircraft, the failure of the right engine and the erroneous actions of the crew during takeoff with one engine running. The maximum permissible take-off weight of the aircraft was exceeded by 278 kg due to the fact that Yemelyanovo airport staff and crew accommodated four passengers with luggage in the cabin who did not have tickets for the flight.

March 1, 2003 private jet L-410UVP ( registration numbers RA-67418, FLA RF-01032), carrying out flights to parachute athletes, crashed near the Borki sports airfield in the Kimry district of the Tver region. There were two crew members and 23 parachutists on board (despite the fact that the maximum allowable number of parachutists in this cabin configuration is 12). The permissible take-off weight was exceeded by 618 kg. When during the flight the parachutists headed for the exit at the rear of the aircraft, the alignment was disrupted, the aircraft went into stall mode and, due to undesigned overloads, fell apart in the air. 11 people died - both crew members and nine athletes. 14 people were able to leave the plane and land on their own using parachutes, while four suffered fractures.

July 22, 2012 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RF-00138) DOSAAF of Russia crashed at the Bolshoye Gryzlovo sports airfield (Serpukhov district, Moscow region). The aircraft was landing on a dirt runway after a group of paratroopers had landed. The aircraft's front and left landing gear broke, resulting in significant damage to the cockpit and the lower part of the fuselage. There were only two crew members on board, both were hospitalized in serious condition. The aircraft commander died from his injuries on July 24, 2012, the co-pilot died in the hospital a month and a half later, on September 6, 2012.

Let's L-410

Let L-410 Turbolet is a multi-role twin-engine turboprop aircraft for local airlines. Developed in the 1960s. in the design bureau of the Let Kunovice plant (Kunovice, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic). It made its first flight on April 16, 1969, is now produced by the Czech company Aircraft Industries (owner - the Russian Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company), in total more than 1.1 thousand copies of various modifications were built, of which 862 were delivered to the USSR. The most modern modification, L-410UVP-E20, is capable of transporting up to 19 passengers or 1 thousand 800 kg of cargo over a distance of up to 1 thousand 500 km. In 2016, Aircraft Industries sold nine L-410 units in the Russian Federation, and 11 more units were planned for delivery in 2017. The option of deploying serial production of the aircraft at the Ural Civil Aviation Plant (Ekaterinburg) is being explored.

In total, at least 117 such vehicles were lost during operation, and more than 420 people died in 106 accidents.

"Khabarovsk Airlines"

"Khabarovsk Airlines" is a regional state unitary enterprise engaged in transportation in the Khabarovsk Territory. Operates the following aircraft: An-24 (2 aircraft), one Yak-40 and An-26 each, as well as four L-410UVP-E20 2013-2015. release (registration numbers - RA-67035, RA-67036, RA-67040, RA-67047). For the airline, the disaster on November 15 was the first in its history.

New L-410 aircraft for the Russian Aerospace Forces / Photo: sdelanounas.ru

Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Russian Federation Andrey Boginsky held a regular meeting in Yekaterinburg on localizing the production of L-410 aircraft in Sverdlovsk region, as well as the creation of the second stage of the special economic zone “Titanium Valley” based on Uktus airport.

The event was attended by representatives of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, the State Transport Leasing Company, Rosaviation, the Chairman of the Government and the Minister of Industry and Science of the Sverdlovsk Region, CEO Ural plant civil aviation and representative of UMMC-Holding.

“The Sverdlovsk region has serious potential and enormous opportunities and has a strong partner in the person of the Ural Civil Aviation Plant, which, according to the concluded contracts, will deliver the first four L-410 aircraft this year, we have no doubt about it, and for our part we will do everything, to create conditions for starting production"

“Today we must finally determine the timing of the implementation of the second stage of the Titanium Valley project and the construction of L-410 aircraft. The second task that we have is to connect the L-410 project with the Il-114 project, the decision to finance which was made by the President of Russia,” said Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation Andrei Boginsky in his opening remarks.

Andrey Boginsky / Photo: defense.ru

It was noted that the resolution of land and property issues at the Uktus airport and adjacent areas, necessary for the creation of the second stage of the Titanium Valley SEZ, is proceeding according to the approved schedule. This year, in the reconstructed production buildings of the airport, the Ural Civil Aviation Plant should assemble the first four L-410 aircraft, and also create capacities for localizing production: by 2017 - at the level of partial replacement with its own avionics systems, by 2019 - complete replacement for our own equipment and modifications to the chassis, by 2020 - re-motorization, production of the aircraft engine in cooperation with factories in the Sverdlovsk region.

A. Boginsky instructed to formulate a concept for connecting the localization project for the L-410 aircraft and the production of the Il-114 aircraft within two weeks and drew attention to the need to take into account the long-term perspective. “I understand that the deadlines are very tight. It is necessary to look at the structure of support measures so that the project is effective not only at the stage of aircraft production, but also in further operation, and most importantly, so that flights on the L-410 are affordable for consumers. To support demand for L-410, the Ministry of Transport, together with the Ministry of Industry and Trade, has done a lot of work. We have received a request from the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, we understand that there is a potential order for about 80 aircraft,” he said.

Subsidies from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation for the creation of production of L-410 aircraft in Yekaterinburg in 2016 could amount to up to 530 million rubles.

“The Sverdlovsk region has serious potential and enormous opportunities. We have a strong partner in the Ural Civil Aviation Plant, which, under the concluded contracts, will deliver the first four L-410 aircraft this year, we have no doubt about it. For our part, we will do everything to create conditions for the launch of production. At Innoprom, I think, we will discuss in detail the new tasks of connecting our L-410 project and the Il-114 project in order to fulfill the task set by the president and support the domestic aircraft industry and domestic air transportation with our aircraft while the Il-114 aircraft is being created “said the chairman of the regional government, Denis Pasler.

Denis Pasler / Photo: sverdlovsk.er.ru

The Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation expressed the opinion that Titanium Valley is successful in terms of creating highly productive jobs and growing the gross regional product. The VSMPO-AVISMA company, the main resident of the Verkhny Salda site, is actively working. It is planned that the Yekaterinburg site will be no less effective, that a synergistic effect will be obtained in terms of support measures and the product that will be produced at the sites of the second stage of Titanium Valley.

Evgeny Kuyvashev / Photo: governor96.ru

Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region Evgeny Kuyvashev emphasized that Titanium Valley is unique in several respects. Firstly, this is the most important project for the country, because the specialization of the zone is associated with the production of titanium products, modern equipment for metallurgy, mechanical engineering, space and aviation industries - industries that received rapid development. The industry focus of the zone is titanium production, which has no competitors in Russia. In terms of technology and specialization, Titanium Valley is focused on high-tech processing and the creation of world-class competitive products.

The second most important aspect of project implementation, according to the head of the region, is intensification economic development two largest agglomerations of the Middle Urals: Nizhny Tagil, where the first stage of the “Titanium Valley” is located, and Yekaterinburg, where the second stage is being built, the press service of the Ministry of Industry and Trade reported.

Technical information

Description

Aerodynamic design

Classic. It is a twin-engine turboprop high-wing aircraft with a single-fin tail.

Modifications

L-410UVP- a short-haul passenger aircraft, a modification of the L-410 aircraft, in which the takeoff and landing distance is reduced. The abbreviation “UVP” means “short takeoff and landing.” The first launch took place in 1976. The aircraft is equipped with a conventional avionics complex of joint Soviet-Czechoslovak production. This aircraft differs from previous versions by its elongated fuselage, increased wing dimensions and vertical tail, the use of spoilers and a more powerful engine.
L-410NG - further development L-410UVP-E20, characterized by the presence of integral wing tanks, which increased the capacity fuel system almost doubled and the flight range increased accordingly. More powerful engines were installed, the volume of the front luggage compartment was increased, and the cockpit was equipped with the most modern avionics. It is planned to launch serial production of the modification by 2017.

Passenger cabin/ Photo: www.airwar.ru

Cockpit / Photo: www.airwar.ru

Specifications

Modification	L-410M	L-410UVP	L-410UVP-E	L-410UVP-E20	L-410UVP-E20
Crew	2 pilots	2 pilots	2 pilots	2 pilots	2 pilots
17 passengers or 1430 kg of cargo	15 passengers or 1300 kg of cargo	17-19 passengers or 1710 kg of cargo		19 passengers or 1800 kg of cargo
engine's type	2 × Walter M601A turboprop	2 × Walter M601D turboprop	2 × Walter M601E turboprop	2 × Walter M601E turboprop	2 × TVD GE H80-200
Takeoff power, hp	2×690	2×725	2 × 750	2 × 750	2×800
Propeller type	2 × AVIA V508B	2 × AVIA V508D	2 × AVIA V510	2 × AVIA V510	2 × AVIA AV-725
Number of blades on each propeller	3	3	5	5	5
Propeller diameter, m	2,5	2,5	2,3	2,3	2,3
Wingspan, m	17,478	19,478	19,478	19,98	19,98
Aircraft length, m	13,605	14,42	14,42	14,42	14,42
Aircraft height, m	5,646	5,83	5,83	5,83	5,83
Wing area, m²	32,5	34,86	34,86	34,86	34,86
Empty aircraft weight, kg	3700	3850	4000	4050	4050
Maximum take-off weight, kg	5700	5800	6400	6600	6600
Fuel mass (main tanks), kg	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000
Fuel mass (end tanks), kg	-	-	313,8	313,8	313,8
Maximum speed, km/h IS	300	320	335	335	335
Practical range, km	990	1040	1380	1410	1500
Practical ceiling, m	4000	4200	4200	4250	4200

– a short-haul aircraft for regional airlines, produced in the Czech Republic since 1969.

The Let L-410 Turbolet was developed in the mid-1960s, specifically for airlines with a length of 500-800 km, which needed a spacious, economical and unpretentious aircraft. In general, in terms of takeoff and landing capabilities, the aircraft was required to have characteristics similar to those of the AN-2.

The Let L-410 Turbolet made its first flight in April 1969.

The safety margin that the designers invested in the aircraft allowed the Let L-410 to take off and land on unprepared airfields and unpaved sites.

The Let L-410's cabin is spacious and equipped with large round windows and reasonable sound insulation. Passenger seats are arranged in a 2+1 configuration.

The liner is capable of carrying up to 19 passengers over a distance of 990 to 1,500 km.

Over the years of production, the aircraft was constantly modernized in accordance with the requirements of the time. Today the aircraft continues to be produced.

Let L-410 Turbolet interior diagram:

Specifications:

ICAO code: L410
Crew: 2 people
Length: 14.42 m
Wingspan: 19.48 m
Maximum capacity: 19 passengers
Maximum take-off weight: 6,400 kg
Cruising speed: 365 km/h
Range of flight: 1,500 km

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