3d tour of the Kremlin. Virtual tour of the Kremlin. The history of the Kremlin and its reconstruction

Walking class:
Territorially: Central Administrative District

Walk duration: two to three hours
Start of the walk: M. Biblioteka im. Lenin,
End of the walk: M. Biblioteka im. Lenin,

Virtual tour around the Kremlin - a walk that you can take without leaving your computer. Vivid photos of the panorama from the website of the President of the Russian Federation with our comments and links to detailed information about monuments and museums. We invite you to see vivid views of the Kremlin, views from the domes of the Kremlin palaces, an overview of the streets and squares of the Kremlin, gorgeous photographs of the interior decoration of the Kremlin palaces.

A virtual tour of the Kremlin is a walk that you can take without leaving your computer.

The Kremlin is the historical center, the heart of Moscow. The Kremlin today - and the complex historical monuments, and a museum, and, at the same time, the residence of the head of state - the President of the Russian Federation. In this regard, access to the Kremlin is limited. You can get there during limited hours, for a fee, under a strict access regime (including possible inspection), and in addition, not all objects are available for review and inspection. Tourist routes are limited, even going beyond the limit lines is quickly crossed by the sentries of the Kremlin garrison. And of course, access to premises occupied by government agencies is not provided as part of regular walks and excursions. In this regard, it is in the Kremlin that a virtual tour is most relevant.

Posted on the website of the President of the Russian Federation bright photos panoramas that allow you to view the Kremlin from various points outside and inside the fortress, the interior of buildings, views from the roof and bird's eye view. This is a unique opportunity to see on the site what is difficult to see with your own eyes. In addition, a virtual tour of the Kremlin can precede a real tour (you will already be prepared on what to look at and what not to miss).
As part of our review, we will provide links to the website of the President of the Russian Federation, where panoramas are presented and, in parallel, links to the database of our online guidebook for more detailed information about objects and comments. We recommend that you open the links in a new browser window to simultaneously read the comments on this page. It is better to hide the map in the upper left corner for better review.

So, first point of the virtual tour along the Kremlin - the roof of the Grand Kremlin Palace (open the link in a new window).

Rotate the panorama clockwise. Among the internal Kremlin buildings that house the famous Kremlin museums are the Armory Chamber and Diamond fund, we see the dome of the small Church of the Nativity. We see the powerful Stalinist building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the first of the famous Stalinist skyscrapers). In front of it are low houses, this is the area of the old Arbat. Two other Stalinist skyscrapers (to the right of the Foreign Ministry building) are not so clearly visible - this is the spire of the Hotel Ukraine building and the building on Kudrinskaya Square. In front of them, barely visible from behind the internal Kremlin buildings (only the tops stick out), are small Kremlin towers: the Armory and the Commandant. Behind them, near the walls of the Kremlin (we see a small green area) lies the Alexander Garden (in it is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier), and then Mokhovaya Street runs parallel to the walls of the Kremlin.

We move further clockwise. Trinity Tower is the most big tower Kremlin (the tourist entrance to the Kremlin is organized through it), even further to the right - barely visible due to the building of the State Kremlin Palace (it is in the hall of the palace that concerts are held in the Kremlin) and the Arsenal building - the Corner Arsenal Tower (it overlooks Manezhnaya Square and the Tomb of the Unknown soldier). Behind them, in the panorama of buildings in the Tverskaya Street area, it is difficult to discern anything. More or less, the State Duma building on Okhotny Ryad is visible.

We move further along the panorama. In front of us are the churches of Cathedral Square: the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great (for a long time - the most high building Moscow), Assumption Cathedral (historically main cathedral countries), the Archangel Cathedral (tomb with the burials of Moscow princes and the first Russian tsars), the Annunciation Cathedral (the home church of Moscow rulers), the bathhouse of the Terem Palace churches. A little to the left is the Terem Palace itself. In the distance we see the Nikolskaya Tower, facing Red Square on the other side. And behind it (already on Red Square) is the building of the Historical Museum (everyone who watched the parades on Red Square has seen and recognizes it). The small towers on the horizon behind the Kremlin cathedrals are two more huge Stalinist high-rises (just far away): the building on the Red Gate and the building of the Leningradskaya Hotel. The huge building of the Rossiya Hotel (behind the Archangel Cathedral) has already been demolished, it is no longer there (it remains in the photograph for now). To the right of it is the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge. Behind it on the river bank is another Stalinist high-rise - the building on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment. In front of the bridge, but on the other side of the river, you can see the bell tower with the Church of the Excavation of the Dead. And you will hardly be able to see the small Church of Sofia in Sredniye Sadovniki (to which the bell tower was erected), located behind the line of houses. In honor of this church, the embankment on the other side of the river is named Sophia. From there you also have an excellent view of the Kremlin. The line of the Kremlin wall from the corner Beklemishevskaya with the Petrovskaya, Tainitskaya, First and Second Nameless towers moves along the Moskva River and the Kremlin embankment. The Moscow River makes a sharp bend in the Kremlin area, like a loop. You can clearly see this in the panorama.

Now it’s worth looking back and examining the panorama of the Kremlin from a different point. We have already seen all this. It is worth focusing attention on the Temple of the Twelve Apostles, which was obscured when viewed from the Grand Kremlin Palace; you can also see the Tsar Cannon next to it. Nearby, as a continuation of the church, is the Patriarchal Chamber. The neighboring building (next to the Senate building) is the building of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee school. New buildings were built on the site of demolished ancient Kremlin monasteries.

We move through Red Square (temporarily leaving the Kremlin) to the roof of the GUM (Upper Trading Rows building). Right in front of us is Red Square, Lenin's Mausoleum, a cemetery near the Kremlin wall, the Senate Tower and the Senate building with domes (one of them with the country's flag). Moving the panorama to the right, we see the restored building of the Moscow Hotel. Turning back behind the long roofs shopping centers we see a panorama of the Kitai-Gorod area: the dome of the Epiphany Cathedral and the dome of the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands of the former Zaikonospassky Monastery. In the distance is the dome of the Northern Insurance Company building.

Next viewing platform virtual tour of the Kremlin - the roof of the House on the Embankment.

Next viewpoint. We move to the Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge. Here you have a clear view of the Kremlin and the Moscow River.

As part of our virtual tour of the Kremlin, we will walk through the squares and streets of the Kremlin.

We invite you to explore the spectacular, almost fabulous, interior interiors of the Senate Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace yourself using the links on the website (see links Senate Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace). It's worth it. A virtual tour of the interior of the palace, and even empty ones, is impressive.

Arthur Abdrashitov

Kazan Kremlin.

Every ancient city has a soul and heart, which create its unique image and character, linking together, in historical continuity, the past, present and future. The soul and heart of thousand-year-old Kazan is the Kazan Kremlin - a unique complex monument of history and archeology, culture, urban planning and architecture.
The Kazan Kremlin is like a multi-volume book. We can see and read the stone pages of the latest volumes of this book, but the more ancient volumes are in many ways still hidden from our view under the thickness of the earth.
The construction of the first Kazan fortress took place in the process of peaceful colonization of the Pre-Kama lands by a conglomerate of Turkic peoples, the vast majority of whom were Bulgars. They came to the territory of the Middle Volga region from the Azov lands back in the 7th century. By the end of the 9th - beginning of the 10th centuries. The Bulgars founded their own state on Middle Volga called Volga Bulgaria.
Finding ourselves in the 10th-11th centuries. near the mouth of the Kazanka, the Bulgars adequately appreciated the advantageous topographical position of the area and founded a fortress here - a strategically important outpost on the northern border of Volga Bulgaria. Initially, the Kazan Kremlin was built at the end of the 10th – beginning of the 11th centuries. on the territory of the Volga Bulgaria state. At the turn of the 10th-11th centuries, the Kazan Kremlin was a small wooden fortress that occupied an area of about 5-6 hectares.
In the second half of the 12th century, during the period of complications in the military-political situation and the struggle between the Volga Bulgaria and the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality for the right to conduct trade in the Middle Volga region, the fortifications of the Kazan fortress were improved. Stone walls were built in place of the previous earthen and wooden walls. They had a width of about 2 m and a height of about 3-3.5 m. Archaeologists believe that the Bulgar stone fortress existed until the 15th century.
During the period of the Kazan Khanate (1438-1552), the Kazan Kremlin was reconstructed and expanded in accordance with the more modern fortification requirements of its time. During this period, the Kremlin occupied an area of about 10 hectares. By the 16th century, the Kazan fortress took on the appearance of a powerful wood-stone fortress with a stone citadel.
After the conquest of the Kazan Khanate by the troops of Ivan the Terrible, the Kazan Kremlin was rebuilt and expanded. In the period 1556-1562. Pskov architects, led by Postnik Yakovlev and Ivan Shiryai, erected the walls of the fortress from white stone on lime mortar. White limestone was mined nearby on the local banks of the Volga. Construction work during this period continued until 1568, but only by the end of the 16th century. The remaining part of the wooden walls was completely replaced by brick or stone by local craftsmen.
Today, the Kazan Kremlin has preserved the architecture built after the conquest of Kazan by the troops of Ivan IV. The most ancient buildings of the Kazan fortress, which have survived to this day in the form of ground monuments, are the walls and towers of the Kazan Kremlin. The total length of the walls of the Kazan Kremlin is 1800 meters. Of the 13 towers that existed in the 16-17th centuries, today only 8 have survived with significant alterations. The Kazan Kremlin occupies an area of almost 150,000 sq.m.
The Kazan Kremlin is a unique complex monument of urban planning and architecture, history, archeology and culture. Its uniqueness is recognized internationally. November 30, 2000 The Kazan Kremlin entered the List world heritage"UNESCO". Firstly, this is the only surviving fortress of the Volga Tatars in the world, which has preserved the foundations of the original urban planning idea (planning principles, urban composition, functional organization of complexes). Secondly, it is the only operating center of Tatar culture and state power in the world. Thirdly, the Kazan Kremlin is a product of the interaction of various urban planning and architectural cultures: Bulgar, Golden Horde, medieval Kazan-Tatar, Russian, modern Tatar.

We have two whole days off ahead at the end of the week. Of course, they need to be spent wisely and have a good rest before the next working week. I don’t know about you, but I don’t like to relax lying down all day in front of the TV - ideal for me leisure. So this weekend I suggest you go to a grand excursion to the Moscow Kremlin absolutely free!

During it you will be able to see what not every person gets to see. Don't believe me? Then answer: how many of you were in the office of the President of Russia and sat at his desk? Who was inside the Spasskaya Tower and saw the mechanism of the famous chimes? And this is not all that you will see during this amazing excursion...

Yes, perhaps many of you have already visited the Moscow Kremlin - after all, thousands of tourists visit here every day. Then you probably walked along Ivanovskaya Square and looked at it in fascination. architectural ensemble Cathedral Square, perhaps even went inside the Arkhangelsk and Assumption Cathedrals. However, the Kremlin keeps places where tourists are never allowed - this is the territory and buildings that are part of the residence complex of the President of Russia.

A virtual excursion to the Kremlin will open all these rooms and territories for you. They will appear before you in all their glory. You can even make out what books are in the office of the President of Russia and admire the beauty and sophistication of the ancient paintings of the Faceted Chamber. You will be able to look at everything in such detail and detail, as if you were there yourself.

Friends, creators of the virtual 3D tour of the Kremlin They created a really very valuable gift for us! We will be able not only to visit premises closed to tourists, but also to admire panoramas of almost the entire center of Moscow from a bird's eye view.

You will discover the city from angles that you had never imagined before: the view from the dome of the Grand Kremlin Palace, from the dome of the Senate, from the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, from the roof of GUM, etc. Filming for this project took place over two years!

I completely forgot to say: you will be accompanied throughout the entire excursion by our famous, beloved actor Alexey Vladimirovich Batalov. His wonderful voice in a leisurely manner of presentation will tell you about many interesting facts those places where you will be transported.

It is very easy to move around the places where you will be transported. Everything is done using the mouse and does not cause any difficulties. You can look around, you can zoom in and out, you can immediately get historical information etc.

Well, friends, have I convinced you that a virtual excursion to the Kremlin is really worthwhile? I wish you a pleasant journey, which you can take right now!

Friends, maybe you have already visited the rooms and chambers of the Kremlin in reality? Share your impressions in the comments.

Of course, the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell. After all, together they weigh more than 240 tons! Both monuments stand next to the Ivan the Great Bell Tower and immediately attract the attention of visitors. The Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell are well known, they are even considered symbols of Russia.

The Tsar Cannon has the largest caliber in the world (890 mm). It was cast in bronze in 1586 at the Cannon Yard in Moscow by master Andrei Chokhov. Its weight is almost 40 tons, its length is more than 5 meters.

It is believed that the Tsar Cannon was fired only once - with the ashes of the deposed Tsar False Dmitry. There is also an opinion that the Tsar Cannon had only a decorative function, but this version is unlikely: in those days, Tatar attacks were not uncommon and the manufacture of a huge fake gun did not make sense. Most likely, the cannon was designed to fire “shot,” that is, buckshot. Its mouth could carry thousands of deaths for the Tatar cavalry that besieged Moscow more than once or twice. A kind of weapon of mass destruction of the 16th century.

It is known that in the 17th century the cannon was located on a low stone structure that resembled a tribune, traces of which were discovered by archaeologists in the southern part of Red Square. And in the 16th century, the Tsar Cannon was probably installed near Lobnoye Mesto on Red Square, in the direction of the Moskvoretsky Bridge leading to the Tatar side.

The cannon's carriage and cannonballs are not original - they were cast in the 19th century, serving a purely decorative function. Cannonballs cannot be fired, and as for the carriage, it is unknown whether it is needed at all, because a weapon of this type - the bombard - was usually fixedly fixed in the ground. The Tsar Cannon ended up in the Kremlin under Emperor Peter I, who wanted to build a workshop (arsenal) there to store various firearms and other curiosities and simply weapons from different eras.

The Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell are monuments of foundry and artistic craft. Both are decorated with carefully crafted reliefs in the form of ornaments, cartouches, rosettes, and scrolls. It is easy to notice on the bell large portraits of two sovereigns - Empress Anna Ioannovna, who ordered the casting of the bell, and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. During the reign of the latter, an earlier bell was cast, from the metal of which the Tsar Bell was cast. There is also an inscription about the history of the bell, and the signature of the Motorin masters. On the Tsar Cannon you can also find inscriptions glorifying the customer Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, and the signature of master Andrei Chokhov.

Our online tour of the Kremlin is coming to an end. Of course, we can talk endlessly about this place on the map of our Motherland. Here, centuries-old layers of history form a special “force field” that attracts with its grandeur and unique beauty.

Currently, the team site is supported by the President of Russia V.V. Putin and the Russian Geographical Society (RGS) are implementing a panoramic photography project of the historical and architectural ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square. Although filming is still ongoing, and all the results of our work will be presented on the site only in a few months, today the project site and the Russian Geographical Society have prepared a gift for Russians for Moscow City Day - a unique virtual tour above the Kremlin from five spherical panoramas!

Our helicopter flew over the Kremlin stars, the chimes on the Spasskaya Tower, the Ivan the Great bell tower, and St. Basil's Cathedral. Until now, no one has managed to take photographs of the Kremlin from such unusual angles.

In December 2012, we submitted an application for a Russian grant Geographical Society for the development of the website project. Quite unexpectedly for us, we were invited to a meeting of the media council, and after the presentation of the project, our grant was approved. After this, our cooperation with the Russian Geographical Society began.

The ceremonial presentation of the RGS grants took place in April of this year at a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Russian Geographical Society chaired by Russian President Vladimir Putin. During his speech at the meeting, our colleague Sergei Semenov turned to V. Putin with a request for help in obtaining permission to photograph the Moscow Kremlin from the air. The President supported our request, and by now we have already completed several surveys over the Kremlin territory.

And now we would like to bring to your attention some historical facts related to this a unique monument architecture.

The "Kremlin" is the name given to the city's fortifications. ancient Rus'. Many Kremlins have survived to this day in Russia: Novgorod, Kazan, Pskov, Kolomensky... But only one Kremlin does not need explanation: the world-famous Moscow Kremlin in the Russian capital. This is the largest fortress in Europe, preserved and operating to this day. The Kremlin is the most important landmark of Moscow, the seat of the President Russian Federation And " business card"of the entire country.

The first settlements on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin date back to the Bronze Age - the 2nd millennium BC, but the first fortifications appeared here much later: in 1156. Wooden fortification total length about 850 meters and an area of about 3 hectares was surrounded by a ditch 16-18 meters wide and 5 meters deep.

During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the Kremlin was destroyed and then rebuilt. But only by the middle of the 14th century, under the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, the wooden walls of the Kremlin were replaced by walls and towers made of local white stone. It was from this period that the name “White Stone Moscow” is often found in chronicles.

However, by the 15th century, under Ivan III the Great, this structure also had to be rebuilt, since the walls literally “floated.” Italian architects were invited to restore the Kremlin, and thanks to this, it combines the best achievements of both Russian and Italian architectural art. So, the model of an impregnable fortification was taken famous castle Sforza in Milan, while the Kremlin churches were built according to strict Russian traditions.

Burnt brick was chosen as the main material for construction. The center of the Kremlin became Cathedral Square with the Assumption and Annunciation Cathedrals, the Faceted Chamber, the Archangel Cathedral - the tomb of Russian princes and tsars, and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower located on it. Another major reconstruction of the Kremlin took place at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries, and since then the appearance of this Moscow landmark has remained virtually unchanged - with the exception of color.

The fact is that the walls of the Moscow fortress, according to historical descriptions and picturesque images, remained white for many centuries. The burnt brick was carefully whitewashed: both for the sake of preserving the masonry and in memory of the white-stone Kremlin of Dmitry Donskoy. It is believed that it was decided to make the Kremlin red by Stalin’s decision in 1947 - to celebrate the 800th anniversary of Moscow. And before that, during World War II, the Kremlin was camouflaged in a unique way. A fantastic project for that time was developed by the group of academician Boris Iofan: walls of houses, black holes in windows were painted on white walls, artificial streets were built on Red Square; even Lenin's Mausoleum was covered with a cap representing a house. This is what helped the greatest monument of history and architecture reach our days without being damaged by bombing.

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