Trelawney from Treasure Island. Treasure Island. The location of the treasured treasure. Negative heroes of "Treasure Island"

One can only sympathize with someone who doesn’t know who wrote “Treasure Island.” Interesting stories about pirates, about the sea, about ships and travel - everything can be found in this book. On the other hand, one can envy someone who doesn’t know who wrote “Treasure Island.” The reader will discover for the first time an immense world, where there are many secrets and unknown places. Even after reading this work thoroughly in childhood, you can return to it from time to time again and again, discovering something new that was previously unnoticed.

A little about the creation of the novel

Whoever wrote Treasure Island conceived this work in the village of Braemore in the Aberdeenshire region. On a rainy day, the author was looking at a map of an imaginary romantic island drawn by his twelve-year-old stepson Lloyd Osborne. Now the reader knows where “Treasure Island” was written: in the mountains of Scotland, in a village located on the River Dee.

Now above the door of the house there is a large one that reads: “Here the author spent the summer of 1881 and wrote “Treasure Island,” his first major work.” He decided that the story should be written for boys, so whoever wrote Treasure Island decided not to overload it with psychological subtleties. The writer managed to write 15 chapters in two weeks, and inspiration left him. The writer was completely desperate; he had a contract with the publisher in hand! But after some time, he felt a surge of strength and completed the work with complete ease and pleasure. After that, he began to change places of residence. The author searched in vain for seven years in Britain for a climate suitable for his poor health.

A little about the writer

Of course, we know who wrote the novel “Treasure Island,” but for now we will not name this world-famous name. Maybe someone has read "Kidnapped" or "Catriona", the adventures of David Belfour, to whom the writer gave his mother's surname? This same master of exciting novels is the one who wrote “Treasure Island”. The author of this work is a multifaceted person. He is a poet, essayist, playwright, and creator of famous novels. A Scot by nationality, he was born in 1850 in Edinburgh and turned out to be the only and also sickly offspring of a wealthy family of a marine engineer and lighthouse builder. He studied law, but, like Walter Scott, did not practice law. All his thoughts were attracted to literature. The one who wrote the book “Treasure Island” first visited America, traveled around Britain and finally settled in the Pacific. Here stood his house, which was called Vailima, while the natives gave the owner the name - Storyteller.

He was friends with local residents, took an active part in their fate and enjoyed sincere reciprocal affection. The author of "Treasure Island" died overnight, before the evening dinner. While uncorking a bottle of wine, he suddenly asked his wife why his face and hands looked so strange, and suddenly collapsed. He was 44 years old when he died. On the day of his death, December 3, 1894, national mourning was declared on the island. The council of chiefs chose the highest and most exposed mountain in Samoa.

He was buried there.

Pirate novel

It was originally called "The Sea Chef, or Treasure Island: A Story for Boys." This work was first published in Young Folks magazine under the pseudonym "Captain George North." The chapters of the novel were not accompanied by illustrations, and the reading public did not notice it. Most likely, the readers did not like the new thing. Negative responses in letters were sent to the editor. But a separate edition, when “Treasure Island” was published, the author of the work signed his name - Robert Louis Stevenson.

This happened in 1883, and the success was undeniable. In 1885, Stevenson's book was finally published with illustrations. And people of different ages read to her. It is known that Prime Minister Gladstone could not tear himself away from the novel and read it until late at night. Since then, this is the first book written by R.L. Stevenson, is included in the golden fund of English and world literature. What, exactly, is this fascinating novel about, in which the author, by the way, did not include a love affair? We will look at this below.

The plot of the novel is the Admiral Benbow inn.

A weather-beaten sailor settled in a quiet tavern on the shore of a small bay.

He was very afraid of the one-legged man, and the main character of the work, Jim Hawkins, the innkeeper's son, gave some money so that the boy would warn him if he saw a man with one leg. But a completely different sailor arrives, after visiting whom the inn guest had a stroke and died. Jim and his mother want to get the money that the old sea wolf owes them. They open his chest and find documents in it, which Jim takes for himself. The owners of the inn have to flee for their lives because “friends” of their guest have appeared. They are looking for documents and, not finding them, destroy the tavern. But the robbers arrive and flee. Meanwhile, Jim goes to see Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney. He shows these respected people the papers of the old pirate, and it turns out that detailed map the island where Flint hid his countless treasures. Livesey and Trelawney decide to send an expedition after them.

On the sea

Squire Trelawney hired the schooner Hispaniola and her crew. He acted so recklessly that everyone in the port soon knew that the ship was going for Flint's treasure. The team, as a selection, with the exception of a few people, consisted of pirates and dark personalities, controlled by the cook, the one-legged John Silver.

This person is unusually smart, cunning, resourceful, charming and extremely enterprising. who became a cabin boy on the Hispaniola, is ready to listen to his stories for hours. By chance at night he overhears a conversation between pirates. They are going to kill everyone and get to the treasured island themselves. Warned by Jim Trelawney, Livesey and the captain reach the island safely and release the crew. Pirates rush in search of treasure.

Whom did Jim meet on the island?

Jim went on the boat with the pirates, hiding. When they find him, he manages to escape and in the depths of the island he meets a white man overgrown with a completely ragged white man. This is Ben Gan. He used to be a pirate and knows the sinister Silver and his bloodthirsty friends well. Ben Gun wants to meet Jim's companions.

Adventures on the Island

Meanwhile the captain, Squire Trelawney, Doctor Livesey and the servants left the ship. While they are sailing to the shore, pirates shoot at them from the ship. The cannonball flies very close, but no one was hurt. And although the skiff is sinking, everyone gets ashore. They find shelter behind a stockade. In this blockhouse, they raise the British from the ship and fire at this shelter, while others who are on land, led by John Silver, demand that those in the fortress surrender. refuses them. Then the pirates begin to attack. They climb the stockade, and some climb over it. Hand-to-hand combat begins. The attack was repulsed, but everyone suffered losses.

Jim's Adventures at Sea

Jim decided to steal the Hispaniola. When he arrived on it, he found two pirates on it who were very drunk. Together with Jim, they put the schooner in safe place. And they decided to kill Jim, but the teenager, realizing that they were very unreliable companions, remained on his guard.

Captured by pirates

At night, Jim returned to the fort and discovered that he was in the lair of enemies. The pirates want to kill him and Silver too. But the crafty lame man spoke his teeth to them and convinced them not to touch anyone. It turns out that they now have a map of the island in their hands, and they will go after Flint's treasures. Jim was led on a rope to search for treasure. They came to the place where the treasure should be, but found an empty hole. The pirates blamed Silver for everything and wanted, but did not dare, to kill him.

Return

At this time shots rang out, killing many. It was the team of Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney who attacked them. The treasures were safely loaded onto the ship. A one-legged cook was also taken, who was to be handed over to the authorities after returning to England. But the sly man escaped, and our travelers returned safely to their homeland and honestly divided the treasures among themselves.

Such a wonderful book, blown by the salty sea winds and full of adventures on land and sea, was written by Robert Louis Stevenson.

/ combined shooting

Genre adventure film Director David Cherkassky Based Treasure Island written by Yuri Alikov
David Cherkassky Production designer Radna Sakhaltuev The roles were voiced Valery Chiglyaev
Victor Andrienko
Armen Dzhigarkhanyan
Valery Bessarab
Evgeniy Paperny
Boris Voznyuk
Yuri Yakovlev
Georgy Kishko
Vladimir Zadneprovsky
Grigory Tolchinsky Composer Vladimir Bystryakov Studio Kievnauchfilm
Creative association of artistic animation A country Distributor Kievnauchfilm Language Russian Duration 107 minutes Premiere IMDb ID 0465041 Animator.ru ID 6756

In this film, animated scenes are interspersed with musical numbers and game scenes filmed with the participation of actors and illustrating the events of the cartoon or dealing with certain problems associated with the pirate lifestyle, such as greed, smoking or alcoholism. At the same time, the manner of filming musical numbers and game episodes differs in different episodes: in some places the image is in color, in others in black and white. One game scene imitates a silent film using intertitles, and in some episodes live action is combined with animation.

Plot

An unusual guest comes to the Admiral Benbow tavern. The scars on his face revealed him as a former pirate who had survived many storms and drunken fights. This is Billy Bones, a sailor who was once on Captain Flint's team. He was very scared and drank a lot of rum all the time. He promised to pay Jim Hawkins, a boy working in a tavern, three pence in silver, but every month, if he suddenly noticed near the inn “... a sailor on one leg...”. The sailor obtained from Flint a map of the island where he buried his treasure, and now he was afraid that it would be taken away by a gang of John Silver, a one-legged pirate who was ready to do anything for a gold coin.

During his entire stay at Admiral Benbow, Billy Bones was visited by his former shipmates: Black Dog, who was hunting for a map of Treasure Island, then Blind Pew, who gave Bones a black mark. Due to strong emotions and excessive consumption of rum, some time after Blind Pew's arrival at the tavern, Billy Bones died, and as a result the map falls into the hands of Jim. He escapes from a gang led by Blind Pew, heading straight to Dr. David Livesey. In the end, the pirates escaped from the inn, and Blind Pew fell into a barrel and drowned in it. Having involved Squire John Trelawney in the case, all three prepare a ship for Treasure Island. While discussing the details of the upcoming journey in a tavern, the friends encounter a hostile pirate. But Jim makes short work of him because he does exercises every morning. Having gathered a group of experienced sailors under the command of Captain Alexander Smollett, the heroes on a ship called the Hispaniola are heading for the island.

Along the way, a conspiracy is exposed. It turns out that most of the crew members are pirates who were in Captain Flint's crew, led by Silver. Doctor Livesey, Squire Trelawney and Captain Smollett take refuge in an abandoned fort on the island, while Jim, along with the thugs and their commander, finds Captain Flint's hiding place. But there are no treasures there. They were found a long time ago by Ben Gunn, a pirate who was once abandoned on the island. He and his partner attack the pirates and help Jim transfer the treasure to the ship. At the end the ship, the Hispaniola, sails back to England.

Differences from the book

The replicas of the film's characters almost completely correspond to those of Stevenson's characters. However, to achieve comic effect or simplify the plot, what happens is not entirely true to the novel:

In the book, Jim Hawkins is a teenage boy living in the Admiral Benbow Inn with his parents. In the first part of the novel, his father dies, and Jim and his mother are forced to survive a pirate attack on the inn. However, in the cartoon, Jim is already almost an adult youth and lives alone in his tavern. He is helped by a one-eyed cat, which Billy Bones brought with him, and Jim's mother is only mentioned in passing.
In the book, Dr. Livesey bleeds Billy Bones, and in the film, he listens to him with a stethoscope and counts his pulse. There, Dr. Livesey is a cheerful fellow who can do everything playfully. This image of the doctor does not coincide with his prototype in the book.
In the book, Blind Pew is trampled by the horses of customs guards who gallop to the Admiral Benbow to help. In the film, he rolled off a cliff in a barrel and drowned in the sea. There, Pugh unfolds from his bosom a whole canvas with state military awards awarded to him (that is, Pugh was once both a royal sailor and a privateer who bravely defended his homeland, unless, of course, he stole these medals).
In the book, Jim recognizes the Black Dog in the Spyglass and raises a cry. He escapes, after which Silver plays the nice guy, convincing Jim that they will catch him. In the cartoon, Black Dog drinks rum in a tavern with other visitors and watches Jim's battle with a fat pirate, and then even becomes one of the Hispaniola sailors recruited by Silver.
Sometimes faithfully following the lines of the characters in the novel leads to contradictions with what is happening on the screen. For example, when the heroes, while still on the schooner, learn about the conspiracy, to Trelawny’s question “How many people are loyal to us on the ship?” - Captain Smollett answers:

There are seven of us, including Jim.

This corresponds to the plot of the book, but not the cartoon - in the cartoon there are only four positive characters, not seven. However, after defending the fort, the captain says:

There were four of us against nineteen. Now we are four against nine.

This phrase corresponds to the plot of the cartoon, not the book. In the film, the number of pirates cannot be counted. Most often, in addition to Silver, there are four or five pirates in the frame.

Returning to the fort, which was surrendered to the pirates, Jim Hawkins says that he killed Israel Hands (since that's what happens in the book). Meanwhile, in the episode of Jim's capture of the schooner, Hands remains hanging between the masts of the Hispaniola, holding on to the ends of the rope cut by his own dagger. In addition, he remains there when the heroes set off on their return journey.
In the book, Captain Smollett received two bullet wounds during a battle with pirates and could not move independently. In the cartoon, a fort wall fell on him, but he was safe and sound.
In the book, Dr. Livesey performs a medical examination of the pirates long before they reach the place where the treasure is.
In the film, the treasures were completely removed from the island, but in the book only gold was taken away. The rest (silver bars and weapons) remained on the island, waiting for other treasure hunters. “Let whoever wants to go after them,” Jim says in one of the translations.
The cartoon ends with the sailing, but the fate of the treasure is not described. The book ends with a description of who disposed of their share and how. The only thing that is not described in the book is the fate of Jim's share.
Squire Trelawney is characterized as dull, greedy, gluttonous, lazy, cowardly and arrogant. This description is more suitable for the moneylender Trelawney from the 1937 Soviet film and contradicts what Jim said in both the book and film: “the squire is the most generous man in the whole world.” In the book, Trelawney is arrogant and talkative, but brave and courageous. Moreover, he is the best shooter.
Silver’s “dossier” states that he is single, like all the other cartoon characters, and in the book (in a letter from Squire Trelawney) the fact is mentioned that he is married to a black woman. In addition, Silver himself tells one of the sailors that his wife is waiting for him at the “arranged place” with the money received from the sale of the tavern and remaining from other trips “for luck” (Jim hears this conversation while sitting in a barrel of apples).

Parallels with other works

Features of animation

Many hand-drawn sequences in the cartoon are used several times. For example, the night pirate raid on the Admiral Benbow tavern and the daytime attack on the fort (with the difference that Blind Pew is now replaced by Silver) are repeated. The death of minor characters in the cartoon is shown conditionally. During the entire film, only Billy Bones, his cat, Blind Pew, the pirate who remained to guard the Hispaniola, and the fat pirate, defeated by Jim with a rocket, truly die. After the death of Blind Pew and the big fat pirate whom Jim defeated, the five pirates on the shore bare their heads in mourning.

Two teams of animators worked on the cartoon. One used the conventional hand-drawn animation method, and the second used the "flat puppet" method. The difference between the methods is that with classical drawing the artist draws a mirror image of the character. As a result, Silver alternately loses his left and right legs. The same mistake occurs in another film by David Cherkassky “Doctor Aibolit”, where the heroes (One-Eyed, the captain of the Black Cuttlefish, the fat pirate) alternately lack different legs. The last two, starting from the fourth episode, are not at all one-legged.

Dossier on heroes

In the cartoon, when introducing pirates and other characters to the audience, the director's “dossier” technique from the television film “Seventeen Moments of Spring” (1973) is used. It is noteworthy that the version written on the screen does not always coincide with the voiced version.

Character	Description	Character	Family status
Billy Bones(aka "Captain")	Holder of the Treasure Island map that started it all. He drinks a lot and always has a cold.	Bad	Not married
Black Dog	Friend of Captain Flint. Hunts for the map of Treasure Island.	Secretive
Dr. Livesey	A very good and cheerful person.	Communicative
Blind Pew	Also an old pirate and friend of Captain Flint. Cunning and greedy. He will do anything for money.	Vile
Jim Hawkins	A very, very good and polite boy. Modest, kind and truthful. He listens to his mother and does exercises every morning.	Very soft
Squire Trelawney	Stupid, greedy, gluttonous, arrogant, cowardly and lazy.	Absent	Not married
John Silver(aka "Ham", aka "One-legged")	The most terrible pirate, but he pretends to be kind, which, however, he succeeds.	Secretive
Captain Smollett	Old sailor and soldier. He loves to tell everyone the truth, which is why he suffers.	Very nasty
Ben Gunn	As a child, he was a well-bred boy, but he started playing toss, got involved with pirates, and went on a roll.	Soft

Performers and crew

Voice acting

Valery Bessarab - Jim Hawkins
Armen Dzhigarkhanyan - John Silver
Victor Andrienko - Captain Alexander Smollett / Billy Bones / John Silver (one line) [significance of the fact? ]
Evgeniy Paperny - Dr. Livesey / voice-over ("dossier")
Boris Voznyuk - Squire Trelawney
Yuri Yakovlev - Ben Gunn
Georgy Kishko - Blind Pew

Based Treasure Island written by Yuri Alikov
David Cherkassky Production designer Radna Sakhaltuev The roles were voiced Valery Chiglyaev
Victor Andrienko
Armen Dzhigarkhanyan
Valery Bessarab
Evgeniy Paperny
Boris Voznyuk
Yuri Yakovlev
Georgy Kishko
Vladimir Zadneprovsky
Grigory Tolchinsky Composer Vladimir Bystryakov Studio Kievnauchfilm
Creative association of artistic animation A country Distributor Kievnauchfilm Language Russian Duration 107 minutes Premiere IMDb ID 0465041 Animator.ru ID 6756

"Treasure Island"- Soviet full-length animated television film, created by order of the USSR State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company at the Kievnauchfilm studio by director David Cherkassky based on the novel of the same name by Robert Louis Stevenson. Consists of two parts: "Captain Flint's Map" (1986) and "Captain Flint's Treasure" (1988).

Plot [ | ]

Dossier on heroes [ | ]

Character	Description	Character	Family status
Billy Bones(aka "Captain")	Holder of the Treasure Island map that started it all. He drinks a lot and always has a cold.	Bad	Not married
Black Dog	Friend of Captain Flint. Hunts for the map of Treasure Island.	Secretive
Dr. Livesey	A very good and cheerful person.	Communicative
Blind Pew	Also an old pirate and friend of Captain Flint. Cunning and greedy. He will do anything for money.	Vile
Jim Hawkins	A very, very good and polite boy. Modest, kind and truthful. He listens to his mother and does exercises every morning.	Very soft
Squire Trelawney	Stupid, greedy, gluttonous, arrogant, cowardly and lazy.	Absent	Not married
John Silver(aka "Ham", aka "One-legged")	The most terrible pirate, but he pretends to be kind, which, however, he succeeds.	Secretive
Captain Smollett	Old sailor and soldier. He loves to tell everyone the truth, which is why he suffers.	Very nasty
	As a child, he was a well-bred boy, but he started playing toss, got involved with pirates, and went on a roll.	Soft

Performers and crew[ | ]

Voice acting [ | ]

Valery Bessarab - Jim Hawkins
Armen Dzhigarkhanyan - John Silver
Victor Andrienko - Captain Alexander Smollett / Billy Bones / John Silver (one line) [significance of the fact? ]
Evgeniy Paperny - Dr. Livesey / voice-over ("dossier")
Boris Voznyuk - Squire Trelawney

Plot

The events of the novel take place in the middle of the 18th century, presumably in 1765. In the 16th chapter of the book, Livesey mentions his participation in the historical Battle of Fontenoy, which took place on May 11, 1745, in Billy Bones's diary there is a date of June 12, 1745, the events take place from February to September, the map of the island shows July 1754) . They begin in the southwest of England, near the city of Bristol, at the Admiral Benbow inn.

One day, a new guest moves into the tavern - former sailor Billy Bones. The guest has a gloomy and unsociable character, and is also burdened by chronic alcoholism. After some time, strange guests begin to come to him. The first is a pirate named Black Dog, an old friend of Billy. They fight, Bones wounds Black Dog, but he escapes. Billy is then visited by the scary blind beggar pirate Pew, who gives him black mark- a stern warning to those who violate the interests of the team. Billy, having received the mark, decides to urgently leave the inn, but suddenly dies of apoplexy. Jim and his mother, to whom Billy owes money for billeting, search the dead sailor and his belongings. At the bottom of his chest they find money and a package of papers. From these papers it becomes clear that Bones was a navigator (eng. first mate) on the ship of the famous captain Flint and owned a map of some island.

Jim barely manages to take Flint's papers from under the noses of blind Pugh and his pirates, who attack the Admiral Benbow inn at night in order to take possession of the map. Bones, Black Dog, blind Pew and the rest are former members of the crew of the Walrus, Captain Flint's pirate ship. Suddenly, a squad of royal customs officers comes to the aid of Jim and his mother. Blind Pew accidentally dies under the hooves of a horse, and the rest of the pirates flee - their retreat is covered by the crew of the pirate lugger, on which their accomplices are located.

Jim goes to Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney and shows them the papers. After studying them, the doctor and the squire come to the conclusion that the map points to the place where Flint buried his treasures. Wealthy Trelawney begins preparations for the voyage and instructs the businessman Blandley to equip a suitable ship for the voyage - the schooner Hispaniola.

The captain of the Hispaniola, Mr. Smollett, expresses great doubts about the reliability of the team, and in particular does not trust his assistant, navigator Arrow, but yields to the persuasion of Dr. Livesey and the condescension of Trelawney. The Hispaniola begins its voyage from Bristol to Treasure Island. During the voyage, navigator Arrow drank a lot and one stormy night disappears from the ship, in addition, Jim manages to overhear a secret conversation between sailor Dick, the “second” boatswain Israel Hands and the cook, the one-legged John Silver, nicknamed Barbecue, aka Long John. It turns out that the team Trelawney hired is mostly made up of Flint's former team, and Silver is the leader of the cabal, whose goal is to seize the treasure. Jim learns that there are significantly more pirates on the ship than honest people. He hears that Silver and his pirates are going to kill all honest people. The pirates put pressure on Silver and urge him to quickly attack Captain Smollett and the others, but Silver understands that the gang will not be able to chart a course on their own, since none of the pirates have the appropriate education. Silver's plan is to wait until the squire, captain, doctor and others find the treasure and load it onto the ship, wait until the experienced Captain Smollett brings the ship "at least to the trade wind" and only then kill them all.

Map of Treasure Island from the first German edition. Attributed to Stevenson

Meanwhile, the ship sails to Treasure Island. Silver sees that his plan is failing: the pirates almost openly ignore the orders of Captain Smollett and behave quite aggressively. Jim tells the captain, the squire and the doctor what he heard. The heroes realize that they are in trouble. Smollett decides to clear the air and invites the team to go ashore. The captain's plan is to surprise the pirates left on the ship, attack them and capture the Hispaniola. The captain's plan would have worked if Jim had not sailed away on one of the boats with the pirates.

So the captain proposes a new plan. On the map he sees that there is an old Flint fort on the island. The captain suggests moving to the fort and fighting the pirates on the island. The heroes collect gunpowder, weapons, food, get into a skiff and sail away from the ship. The pirates, taken by surprise by these actions, prepare to fire on the skiff. In the skiff are the captain, doctor, squire, Hunter, Joyce, Redruth and Abraham Gray - a sailor from the crew whom the pirates wanted, but could not win over to their side. Hands tries to sink the skiff by firing at it from a cannon. The squire kills one of the pirates. Soon the heroes, having lost their servant, Tom Redruth, who died in battle, reach the fort and settle down in it. The captain gives everyone positions. The heroes are ready for long battles.

Meanwhile, Jim reaches shore with the pirates and escapes. After some time, he witnesses the murder of the honest sailor Tom by John Silver. From the wild scream it becomes clear that another honest sailor, Alan, was also killed by pirates. Jim runs, confused about the road, and meets a man dressed in goat skins and acting very strangely. This man reports that he is a repentant former pirate named Ben Gunn. Ben asks Jim to arrange a meeting with the doctor. Jim sees the British flag flying over the fort and hurries to his friends.

The next day, Silver comes to the fort with a white flag. Captain Smollett comes out to negotiate. Silver offers to give him the map in exchange for the fact that the pirates will leave the people alone and send the first ship they encounter to their rescue. Smollett harshly refuses Silver and warns that all negotiations are over. Captain Silver leaves, promising that in an hour those “who remain alive will envy the dead.” During the attack, hand-to-hand combat ensued, after which the pirates had to retreat, many of them were killed. There were also losses among the fort's defenders - Hunter and Joyce were killed, Captain Smollett received two gunshot wounds.

Jim conveys Ben Gunn's request to the doctor. The doctor takes pistols, a dirk, puts a map in his pocket, hangs a musket on his shoulder and leaves. Unable to bear being in the fort, Jim takes a supply of crackers, two pistols, a knife and makes a sortie. He comes ashore and decides to see what is happening on the Hispaniola. Jim finds Ben Gunn's shuttle and, after waiting for the tide to go out, swims up to the ship. Jim reaches the ship and realizes that the boatswain Hands and the Irishman O'Brien, who remained to guard the ship, are drunk. He cuts the anchor rope and climbs aboard. In the morning, he finds Hands wounded and O'Brien killed. Under the leadership of Hands, Jim leads the ship to the Northern parking lot, now no one knows about the whereabouts of the ship. Hands tries to kill Jim, but Jim accidentally shoots him with his pistols. Hands falls into the water and drowns.

Jim returns to the fort, but discovers pirates there and becomes a hostage. Silver refuses to kill Jim, explaining to the pirates that it is impossible to kill a hostage. Silver's behavior, leading a double game, outrages the pirates. Silver is given a “black mark” and demands re-election as captain. However, Silver explains his behavior. He entered into an agreement with Dr. Livesey: in exchange for a map, food supplies and a fort, the pirates allowed the heroes to leave. No one can understand why this was necessary. Silver remains the leader, his authority only increasing.

The next day, Dr. Livesey comes for a visit. He examines and treats the feverish pirates and asks Silver for permission to talk to Jim. Silver releases Jim to talk with the doctor, taking his word of honor that he will not run away. The doctor persuades Jim to run, but he refuses. Jim tells the doctor where the ship is hidden.

The pirates, taking Jim with them, go looking for treasure. They soon come across a skeleton. Silver realizes that this sign is one of Flint's jokes. Suddenly the pirates hear Flint's voice. They stop in horror. Silver convinces everyone that this is the voice of a living person, since everyone heard the echo. Soon the pirates recognize Ben Gunn's voice. The pirates continue on their way and find a huge hole. It becomes clear that the treasure has already been found, and it was for this reason that the doctor gave the map. They are about to attack Silver and Jim, but Dr. Livesey, Abraham Gray and Ben Gunn ambush the pirates and kill the pirate Durk, the pirate with the bandaged head. George Merry was shot by Silver, the rest take flight.

It turned out that Gann had long ago found the treasure and transferred it to his cave. For several days the heroes dragged the treasures onto the ship. They soon sailed away from the island, leaving three surviving pirates there. Silver manages to disappear into one of the ports, taking part of the treasure. Ben Gunn helped do this because he was mortally afraid of him.

Returning to England, the heroes became rich people, each managing their share in their own way: some wisely, like Gray, who took up maritime studies and became a navigator and co-owner of the ship. And only Ben Gunn spent his thousand pounds in just nineteen days. Trelawney took him to work as a gatekeeper at the park.

Characters

Main characters

Jim Hawkins(eng. Jim Hawkins) - a young man, a cabin boy on the Hispaniola, the main character, on whose behalf (with the exception of a few chapters on behalf of Dr. Livesey) the story is told. It is his actions that propel the plot of Stevenson's novel. Jim Hawkins actively participates in all events: it was the pirate Billy Bones who settled in his parents' tavern, he stole the map of Treasure Island from this pirate's chest, which he gave to Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney; he discovered a conspiracy on the ship, found Ben Gunn, killed Israel Hands, took the pirate ship to the Northern parking lot and became a bone of contention in the confrontation between John Silver and the remnants of his gang.
Billy Bones(eng. Billy Bones) - former navigator of Captain Flint, an old pirate. After the death of Captain Flint, he obtained a map of Treasure Island and fled to England, thereby becoming a target for other pirates. The appearance of Billy Bones at the Admiral Benbow Inn virtually marked the beginning of all the adventures of Jim Hawkins. Billy drank a lot and had a very nasty and domineering character. In the tavern they called him “captain”. He swore and ordered me to drink with him and listen scary stories about pirates and their crimes. Billy was afraid of publicity and authorities. Therefore, Dr. Livesey quickly put him in his place, threatening him with bailiffs. Bones lived in constant fear of his former comrades, who eventually found him and brought him with a black mark to a stroke, from which Bones died, causing so much anxiety and enormous wealth to the heroes of the book. The story of Billy Bones is described in detail by Robert Stevenson in the novel “Piastres. Piasters!!!"
Dr David Livesey(eng. Dr. David Livesey) - a gentleman, doctor and judge, a man of amazing courage and heroism, ready to fulfill his professional and human duty without hesitation. Once served in the army of the Duke of Cumberland and was wounded at the Battle of Fontenoy (1745). After the storming of the fort and the wounding of Captain Smollett, he became the leader of a detachment of honest people.
Squire John Trelawney(eng. Squire John Trelawney) - a rich, eccentric, frivolous landowner who financed the voyage for Flint's treasures. Height is over six feet (183 cm). Initially aspired to leadership; however, his talkativeness and incompetence caused the majority of the Hispaniola's crew to be Captain Flint's pirates. Relinquished the right of command to Captain Smollett when he learned of the impending mutiny. An excellent shooter. He took three disciplined and faithful servants on the voyage, who showed themselves well in battles with robbers. After the voyage, he became a member of parliament for his constituency and still hunted partridges and shot them with his usual accuracy until he died of his final illness.
Captain Alexander Smollett(eng. Captain Alexander Smollett) - courageous, brave captain of the Hispaniola. He is a demanding and dry person by nature. Smollett is six feet tall. Captain Smollett was hired by Squire Trelawney. Organized the escape from the ship and the defense of the fort. An excellent organizer and commander. He shoots poorly, but fights wonderfully with melee weapons. During the battle with pirates for the fort, he received two gunshot wounds and could not move independently. Upon returning to England, the captain leaves naval service.
John Silver, (eng. John Silver) - aka Lanky John, aka Ham- cook on the Hispaniola, then captain of the mutinous pirates. Age - 50 years (according to Silver himself). They said that “in his youth he was a student and, if he wanted, he could talk like he was reading a book.” On the Walrus, Flint served as quartermaster. Lost his leg in battle under Captain England. His left leg is amputated at the hip, so Silver walks with a crutch. He saved up money and opened his own tavern, the Spyglass, in the city of Bristol. The wife "does not belong to the white race." I took a parrot named Captain Flint on a voyage. At the end of the novel, he not only remained alive, having gone over to the squire’s side in time, but also hid from them in one of the ports, not without the help of Ben Gunn, taking with him as much money as he could carry. Dennis Jude wrote the novel The Adventures of Long John Silver about Silver's life before the events of Treasure Island.

Minor characters

Benjamin "Ben" Gunn(eng. Ben Gunn) - former pirate, sailed on the Walrus. During his stay on the island, he built a shuttle, on which Jim Hawkins later managed to swim to the Hispaniola. After Flint's death he sailed on another pirate ship, but quarreled with the sailors and was left on Treasure Island as punishment. During his three-year life on the island, he repented of his crimes; found the bulk of Flint's treasures and transferred them to his cave. The English writer R. F. Delderfield wrote the book “The Adventures of Ben Gunn” about his adventures on the island. After his return, he spent his share of the treasure in nineteen days, after which he worked for the squire as a gatekeeper in the park.
Tom Redruth(eng. Tom Redruth) - old huntsman, servant and fellow countryman of the squire; killed in the first battle at the stockade by Job Anderson's pistol shot on the day the schooner arrived at the island.
John Hunter(eng. John Hunter) - the squire’s servant and fellow countryman, died during the assault on the fort. The pirate George Merry snatched the musket from his hands and, thrusting it into the loophole, dealt him a terrible blow that broke his ribs. Hunter fell and broke his skull. He died from these wounds in the evening of the same day.
Richard Joyce(eng. Richard Joyce) - the squire's servant and fellow countryman, died during the assault on the fort - boatswain Israel Hands shot him in the head.
Abraham "Abe" Gray(English Abraham Gray) - a carpenter's assistant, along with Dick, Alan and Tom (not to be confused with Tom Morgan) was one of the four honest sailors whom Silver wanted to win over to his side. Heeding the call of Captain Smollett, he went over to his side, fighting off five angry pirates who wounded him in the face. Later he took an active part in battles with pirates, killing boatswain Job Anderson, who was trying to kill Jim. After returning, he spent the received part of the treasures on his studies and as a result became a navigator and co-owner of a small ship.
Job Anderson(eng. Job Anderson) - a tall, strong, brave and energetic boatswain of the Hispaniola. A born leader of Silver's gang. On the Walrus he acted as a boatswain. After his death, Arrow served as first mate on the schooner. The second most important pirate on the Hispaniola after Silver, he fenced superbly and shot with a pistol. During the landing on the island, he killed the sailor Alan, commanded seven pirates in the first battle with Captain Smollett's crew, and shot Tom Redruth's servant with a pistol. During the assault on the fort, he tried to break into the log house, wounded Captain Smollett at the very beginning of the battle and died in a duel with Abraham Gray, before trying to kill Jim
Israel Hands(eng. Israel Hands) - boatswain's mate, after the death of navigator Arrow and the promotion of Job Anderson, he began to act as boatswain. Shoots a cannon well. Together with Silver, Anderson, Merry and the ship's carpenter, he formed the core of the conspirators who planned to mutiny on the Hispaniola and take possession of the map. Flint was a gunner on the Walrus. Participated in the assault on the fort, shot the servant Joyce in the head. Was left to guard Hispaniola. He was shot by Jim aboard the Hispaniola while attempting to attack him.
George Merry(eng. George Merry) - 35 years old, a tall pirate who caught a malignant fever on the island, which explains his sickly appearance. Participated in the assault on the fort, wounding Hunter and Captain Smollett. After the deaths of Anderson, Hands and the carpenter, he became the informal leader of a gang of pirates and an instigator against Silver. He was killed by John Silver, when attacked by Dr. Livesey, Abraham Gray and Ben Gunn
Tom Morgan(eng. Tom Morgan) - the oldest pirate from a gang of rebels, was left by Captain Smollett and company to atone for their sins on Treasure Island. Young pirates Dick and Red Fowler remained with him.
O'Brien(eng. O "Brien) - a pirate, a bald Irishman who wore a red sleeping cap on his head. He took part in the assault on the fort, after the retreat of the pirates he climbed over the stockade last, the defenders of the fort did not shoot at him. He was left with Hands to guard the Hispaniola. He was killed on board the Hispaniola in a drunken brawl with Israel Hands, having previously wounded the boatswain in the thigh. In Dennis Jude's story "The Adventures of Long John Silver", he is named Michael.
Harry- a regular at the Spyglass tavern. A pirate who, along with Ben Longlegs, was sent by John Silver to catch up with the Black Dog. Killed during the storming of the fort.
Long Legs Ben- a regular at John Silver's Spyglass tavern. One of the six pirates left by Silver on the Hispaniola. Was shot by Squire Trelawney at the cannon. R. F. Delderfield's book mentions that a pirate named Dick was mortally wounded at the cannon.
John Fowler- one of the three surviving pirates left on the island. It does not have a name in the original author’s text; it received a name only in L. Delderfield’s story “The Adventures of Ben Gunn”. It states that Fowler was not a pirate and a member of the crew of the Walrus, but joined John Silver after the Hispaniola left England.
Dark- one of those robbers who, together with Pugh and the Black Dog, destroyed the Admiral Benbow tavern. As the blind man put it, Pugh has always been a fool and a coward. Died in the assault on the fort. In Dennis Jude's story "The Adventures of Long John Silver", his surname is Campbell.
Johnny- one of those robbers who, together with Pugh and the Black Dog, destroyed the Admiral Benbow tavern. He was wounded in the head during the assault on the fort and was killed by Dr. Livesey in the final battle. He loved to hum the song “Lillibulero”.
The Hispaniola carpenter is a strong and dangerous pirate. He was killed in his sleep by Ben Gunn. In the Soviet film his name was Jack.
Dick "Pastor" Johnson- young sailor; Initially, Dick was not a robber, like the pirates from the Walrus crew. He joined the pirates under the influence of Silver's golden words. Dick never left his Bible. Was left on the island with Tom Morgan and John Fowler.

Captain John Flint(English: Captain Flint) - the legendary pirate captain, Pugh’s comrade-in-arms. On his old Walrus the navigator was Billy Bones, the quartermaster was John Silver, the gunner was Israel Hands, and the boatswain was Job Anderson. In the book it is only mentioned in conversations, since the novel takes place after his death.
Blind Pew(eng. Blind Pew) - a blind pirate who is known to have lost his sight in the same battle in which John Silver lost his leg. Along with Flint, John Silver and Billy Bones, he formed the four most ferocious and dangerous pirates in Stevenson's novel. He died under the hooves of a horse after a pogrom at the Admiral Benbow tavern. His influence on other pirates is enormous. Even though he was blind, he brought the black mark to Billy Bones. It was he who led the attack on the Admiral Benbow tavern. As is repeatedly repeated in the novel, on Flint's ship the navigator was Billy Bones, and the quartermaster was John Silver, who Pugh was is unknown.
Black Dog(eng. Black Dog) - one of the most dangerous pirates from Captain Flint’s team, he was missing two fingers on his left hand. He came to the tavern and was wounded in a fight with Billy Bones. Participated in the attack on the Admiral Benbow tavern. He could not participate in the voyage of the Hispaniola, since he was known to Jim Hawkins as a pirate and treasure hunter.
Nick Allardyce- a pirate with red hair, along with five other pirates, was taken by Flint to the island to bury treasure and was killed there. He took the pirate Tom Morgan's knife with him to the island and remained indebted to him. From Allardyce's body, Captain Flint made a compass that showed where the treasure lay. In L. R. Delderfield's book "The Adventures of Ben Gunn" (where the name was invented, only the surname was known in the author's text) he was best friend and mentor Ben Gunn.
Darby McGraw- a pirate, and probably Captain Flint's bodyguard. Mentioned by Ben Gunn when he portrayed the dying Captain Flint.
Navigator Arrow(eng. Arrow) - the first navigator of Hispaniola. He was recommended by Silver, but did not enjoy authority or respect from the team. He turned out to be a drunkard, he drank a lot during the voyage, and John Silver supplied him with alcohol from his hiding place, which, apparently, was part of the conspirators’ plan. One stormy night he disappeared from the ship under unclear circumstances. Captain Smollett decided that the navigator had fallen overboard. What actually happened to Arrow is never explained, but Job Anderson became the new navigator.
Alan And Volume- honest sailors killed by pirates on the first day of the mutiny. Tom was killed by John Silver, Alan by Job Anderson.
Jim Hawkins' mother- owner of the Admiral Benbow inn.

Jimmy Hawkins near the treasure. Illustration for the French edition of 1885, artist Georges Roux.

Treasure Island Prototype

It has long been believed that Treasure Island is a story entirely made up by Stevenson, including the description of Treasure Island. However, in the 1940s, surprising similarities were discovered between the fictional island and the island of Pinos (modern Juventud), located 70 km south of Cuba, which was a haven for pirates for 300 years.

Russian editions and translations

Having gained wide popularity in Europe almost immediately after its publication, the novel quite early attracted the attention of Russian publishers, quickly entering the traditional circle of children's reading. The first adapted translation from the French edition of 1885 was published in Moscow in 1886, in the printing house of the brothers E. and M. Werner, as a supplement to the magazine “Around the World”. It fully reproduced the illustrations of the French artist Georges Roux. The most popular before the revolution was considered to be the translation by O. A. Grigorieva, published in 1904 in the series “Library of Novels (Adventures on Land and Sea)” published by P. P. Soykin. In the USSR, the most accessible translation was N.K. Chukovsky, completed in the first half of the 1930s under the editorship of K.I. Chukovsky and published by the Association of State Book and Magazine Publishing Houses (OGIZ) under the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR in 1935, almost simultaneously with the more accurate , but a lesser-known translation by M. A. Zenkevich, published by the Young Guard publishing house. It was in the translation of N.K. Chukovsky that the novel was repeatedly republished in the series “Library of Adventures”, “Library of Adventures and Science Fiction”, “Library of World Literature for Children” by the publishing house “Children’s Literature”, as well as in separate publications. In the 1990s and 2000s, new translations by M. I. Kan, I. Smirnov and V. Kaidalov were published, which were more consistent with the norms of the modern Russian language, but did not become widely known.

Literary parodies and sequels

"Treasure Island" gave rise to a number of literary parodies and sequels.

One of these parodies was written by John Lennon (published in the book In His Own Write, 1964). Entitled Treasure Ivan- a play on words (Ivan - perhaps referring to his school friend Ivan Vaughan). In the Russian translation by Alexei Kurbanovsky, the parody is called “Osip Sokrovich”
In 1973, the magazine “Around the World” published R. Delderfield’s novel “The Adventures of Ben Gunn,” written partly on behalf of D. Hawkins, but mainly on behalf of Ben Gunn himself.
In 2001, Irish writer Frank Delaney (under the pseudonym Francis Bryan) wrote a sequel novel, Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island. (English)Russian».
Dennis Jude wrote the novel The Adventures of Long John Silver about Silver's life before the events of Treasure Island.
John Drake. "Captain Silver's Odyssey"
Edward Chupak. "John Silver: Return to Treasure Island"
Bjorn Larsson. "Long John Silver: A True and Thrilling Tale of My Free Life as a Gentleman of Fortune and an Enemy of Mankind"
In 2013, the Russian writer V.P. Tochinov released an “investigative novel” “Island without Treasures,” in which he proves that the apparent plot inconsistencies of the novel turn out to be subtly thought-out plot devices, behind which the true face of the characters is hidden. In particular, it is alleged that Jim Hawkins's parents were engaged in smuggling, the income from which was received by Squire Trelawney, Dr. Livesey was a spy for the Jacobites, the pirates on the Hispaniola were not at all plotting a mutiny, John Silver sailed on the ship in 1719-1720

Prototypes of many literary heroes actually existed. Charles du Bas d'Artagnan is a French nobleman in the service of Cardinal Richelieu, whose life is so rich in adventures that even such a dreamer as A. Dumas is far from them. Robinson's story is based on the life of the sailor Alexander Selkirk, who lived for three years on desert island. The captain's military exploits are based on the real victories of the famous pirate.

But it can be difficult to follow their adventures without knowing exactly where and in what historical setting certain events took place. However, often the author is inaccurate or simply hides the place of action of his characters. For example, I have always wondered where Treasure Island, invented by R.L., is located. Stevenson; at first I thought it was somewhere in the Caribbean. Then I decided to check my version.

A curious reader, of course, will pick it up and immediately say that it is impossible to answer this question. Because in the first lines, Jim Hawkins, on whose behalf the story is told, immediately states: “It is currently still impossible to indicate where this island lies”(Chapter I). But is it possible to at least approximately know in what places the dramatic events of the novel unfolded? Let's try; maybe it's not such a secret after all.

The novel is set in the second half of the 18th century. filibusters on Antilles is a thing of the past. Piracy is now completely illegal. This despised trade is practiced by numerous but scattered groups of adventurers. In search of prey, they plow two oceans from the Gulf of Mexico in the west to the Moluccas in the east.

There is no doubt that Captain Flint and his comrades also searched for prey all over the world. In Billy Bones' papers there is a note: "against Caracas" (chap. VI), John Silver's old parrot "has been to Madagascar, Malabar, Suriname, Providence, Porto Bello" (chap. X), and Jim Hawkins finds in the pirates' treasure: "English, French, Spanish, Portuguese: strange oriental coins"(Chapter XXXIV). This means that pirates could have chosen an island either in the Atlantic or in the Indian Ocean. But not in Quiet. At that time, in the vast and harsh expanses, where there was not a single piece of land for many thousands of miles, there was nothing for traders, much less pirates, to do. In addition, one of the characters in the novel says: “If we are not back by the end of August, Blandley will send a ship to our aid.”(Chapter XVIII). And the journey of “Hispaniola” began in early March. It is unlikely that on a sailboat, whose speed at best was 10-12 knots, it is possible to reach such a distance in six months and return.

In which ocean should we look? Pirates' Treasures? The answer to this question is given absolutely precisely. Having lost almost their entire crew on the ill-fated island, the travelers took “heading for the nearest port of Spanish America to recruit new sailors”(Chapter XXXIV). If the situation were in the Indian Ocean, it would be appropriate to go to one of the Dutch, Portuguese or, even better, English colonies in the East Indies or to Portuguese Mozambique, but not to the West Indies. True, the name of one of the bays of Treasure Island is puzzling. The southern bay is called the anchorage of Captain Kidd, but this real-life pirate plundered in the Indian Ocean. What is this, an author's inaccuracy? Maybe. One way or another, this indication is too indirect to seriously consider the version about the Indian Ocean location of the island.

But the Atlantic Ocean is still, to put it mildly, an approximate address. Is it possible to be more precise? Reading Chapter X: “We first moved against the trade winds to get to the wind towards our island, and now we were moving towards it with the wind. According to calculations, we have less than a day to sail. The course was set to south-southwest. There was a steady wind blowing abeam.".

Undoubtedly, we are talking about the Southern Hemisphere. Going against the northeastern trade winds, Hispaniola would move precisely to the northeast, that is, exactly where it came from. The turn to the south-southwest (almost 180°) looks no less strange. This means that the island lies south of the equator, and before the maneuver the schooner was heading southeast. Go ahead. Wind abeam means perpendicular to the ship's heading. But from which side? Here the watchman shouted the long-awaited "Earth!", And “I ran to the windward chine. In the distance to the southwest we saw two low hills"(Chapter XIII). The ship goes south-southwest, the land opens closer to the west, that is, to the right as the ship goes. Therefore, the windward side is to the right, and the wind blows from the northwest.

But the trade winds south of the equator go in exactly the opposite direction. This means that “Hispaniola” has already left the zone of these constant winds. It is clear that it is impossible to draw the exact boundary of the trade winds region, and in this region itself significant deviations of the wind from the southeast are possible, but still a smooth northwest wind means that the travelers have already reached at least 20° south latitude.

However, it is unlikely that the island is located much further south. It has a malarial swamp and is home to heat-loving rattlesnakes. At latitudes, say Falkland Islands this can no longer be found. But still, the search area still remains very wide.

Let's try to determine where the islands can be found in the region of 20°-40° south latitude. If you look at the bottom relief map Atlantic Ocean, then it turns out that there are very few such places. Along South America The deep Brazilian and Argentine basins stretch all the way to the Falklands, further to the east from north to south there is the South Atlantic Ridge, even further east is the tip of the Angolan Basin and the low Whale Ridge adjacent to the coast of Africa.

Could the island belong to the South Atlantic Ridge, like, for example, Fr. St. Helena or Tristan da Cunha Island? Let us turn again to the text of the novel. This piece of land was never colonized, it was used only for short pirate stops, and there was no one to bring livestock to it. However, there are goats in abundance on the island, which, as you remember, were hunted by the unfortunate Ben Gunn. This means that you need to look for it not in the middle of the ocean, but in the immediate vicinity of the mainland coast or in a group of islands adjacent to this coast. Otherwise, one will have to admit that the author’s assumption is too crude.

By the way, another classic novel is “ Mysterious Island“J. Verne is replete with such inaccuracies. In particular, how could the same goats end up on Captain Nemo’s island, located in the middle Pacific Ocean, is completely unclear.

The Whale Ridge, as already mentioned, is low, and there are no islands in its area. One can, of course, assume that some peak protrudes above the water, but then the travelers would have to go against the trade winds until the very end of the journey. And a turn to the south-southwest would again look unjustified.

But there is more appropriate place for the desired island. Just in the region of 20° south latitude, cutting the Brazilian Basin almost in half, a long underwater ridge topped with several islands stretches east from the coast of South America. Its extreme eastern point- the Trinidad Islands (not to be confused with the island of Trinidad off the coast of Venezuela!) Here in this area, but probably much closer to the coast, and you should look for Treasure Island.

This assumption is also supported by the fact that the prevailing winds in these places are no longer southeastern, but northeastern, and a smooth northwestern wind is much more appropriate here than for the same latitudes, but to the east. By the way, Captain Kidd could have found this island on his way from the Indian Ocean.

The only thing left to do is to find Treasure Island not at a desk, but in reality. Unfortunately, this is not possible, since R.L. Stevenson invented both this island itself and the treasure hidden on it.

The captain of the British Royal Navy in the 90s of the 17th century was sent to Indian Ocean to fight pirates. However, instead of carrying out the tasks assigned to him, he himself took up robberies. It is interesting that in world adventure literature they are mentioned even more often than the fabulous riches obtained by Morgan or Drake. In fact, Kidd was fantastically unlucky: he had only one successful operation, which actually brought a good profit. All his other “victories” are the capture of small merchant ships and the robbery of markets in coastal cities to replenish food. Kidd had a sad end: he was lured by deception to America (then an English colony), where he was arrested, and then transported to London, tried and hanged. The image of a terrible robber was created for him by the lords of the British Admiralty, trying to show the effectiveness of their fight against pirates.

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