Excursion business where to start. Excursion to the industrial zone, how to organize a business from nothing. Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

Working with tourists (continued)

Always weigh what you say carefully. Use reputable sources, double-check the information several times. Even if incorrect information occurs frequently, this does not make it correct and there is no need to tell it to tourists. Preferred sources of information are scientific lectures, specialized museum publications, local history magazines, and books written by historians. Television, newspapers, magazines, the Internet are on last place, because unverified or distorted information prevails there.

You can read what the “excursion”, created from stories, fiction, TV shows and modern books, turns into here:
" Night excursions are one of the favorite summer entertainments for bored citizens and curious guests of the capital, which was confirmed by the sold-out crowd last night. Yours truly couldn’t help but poke his nose into this industry, grabbing a barley notebook) I highlight nonsense italics, I’m commenting offtopic. As we were leaving Sukharevskaya, the first to suffer from the guide’s imagination was the Sukharevskaya Tower that had previously stood there:

When building a story, do not forget that in the group there are people who perceive information differently: the majority, of course, are visual learners, but there are also kinesthetic and auditory learners. Therefore, when describing objects, use words that characterize not only the width and volume of the house, but also the bright color of the stained glass windows, the rustling of leaves near the house, and the unevenness of the bricks in the masonry. There are people for whom it is enough to look at the monument, and there are those who need to touch and feel it to get to know the object.

The guide only conveys information taken from trusted sources. He does not express his own opinion, much less impose it. People go to relax, to learn something new, but not to receive moral instruction or initiation into any religion. There should be no pressure or aggression in the tone of the conversation. People feel this and then the trip turns into torture, into the imposition of an opinion.

“As a professional historian, I know perfectly well how to captivate an audience with interesting stories on historical topics. For my lectures, I prepared dozens of examples so that the recorded lecture would not be too “dry” and academic, so that the listeners would be interested. Here it is not at all necessary prepare material at the lecture level. It is enough to know the basic facts and spin stories on this topic, fortunately there are more than enough of them.
This is what happens abroad. Besides the fact that the general level of knowledge of guides is an order of magnitude higher than in Moscow travel agencies, no one tries to teach tourists about life, preach to them their religious views and political views. Perhaps this is due to the fact that a slightly different contingent goes on excursions there. Although I can’t say that local routes are driven by people who have never seen anything in their lives or been abroad. But why is the level of “export” guides so much higher than the level of “home-grown” ones?
We rode back without a guide, avoiding a rather boring lecture about his religious views mixed with leavened patriotism. And I don’t envy the part of the group with whom he stayed, despite the fact that they had the opportunity to just walk around this incredible city...."

Tell the story in an interesting, expressive, exciting way:
"...we were taken on an excursion to Lomonosov. The guide spoke so boringly that I wanted to hang myself! It's just torture."
“...during the guide’s story about the defense and surrender of Odessa, the men cried (they actually wiped away their tears)”

If you are going to lead a tour of the temple, you need to obtain permission (blessing) from the priest in advance. If you receive it, do not forget that the story must be told in a relatively quiet voice, without disturbing the believers in the temple. A loud voice is inappropriate in a temple. It is also worth remembering that they do not stand with their backs to the altar or icons. You can stand sideways to them or slightly to the side, forming a triangle with the group.

The story should be interesting, comprehensive and not turn into a dry description of facts. For example, you drive past an enterprise, a TV tower, Mosfilm, botanical garden- tell us what interesting excursions there are, how you can get on them, how to get here.

“Yes, this is the problem with many storytellers and tour guides: they do not always understand that their interlocutors may be interested in the reasons for unusual (illogical) technical solutions, and not just the history of creation.”

"We went on a tour of Minsk on July 25. I liked Minsk very much, but the guide Margarita did not. The tour was not educational, just dry historical facts, dates. Margarita herself was languishing in the heat and constantly complained that she felt bad."

Speak rather slowly and with expression. The pace of speech and its delivery should be such that you want to listen, so that you can remember and comprehend what you heard. Otherwise it might look like this:

"...I was simply dumbfounded. Not only did my brain not have time to digest the information, it simply did not perceive some :-) The guide spoke very quickly, very self-confidently, not always coherently and things that contradict school textbooks (in particular - about the education of St. Petersburg)"

"...the guide, a young girl, a student, spoke very carefully and to the point about the city and the legends of the city. At the end of the excursion there was applause on the bus, the guide and driver were somewhat embarrassed. :) And we didn’t even want to leave them"

Summarize what you saw, summarize what was said. This will help tourists better remember and understand what they saw.

“I was convinced that a guide is still needed, because he structures what he saw and heard.”

If they try to interrupt you with a question in the middle of the story, don’t pay attention. When you finish the story, you can turn to the person and ask him to repeat his question.

If during the story something sudden happens around that distracts people's attention (for example, a wedding procession, dogs, squirrels), it is worth taking a short pause and then continuing.

When building a story, speak from the general to the specific. First, tell us where we are, what surrounds us, and then proceed to describe a specific object. You cannot start the story right away with some story that happened in a certain house. People simply will not understand what kind of house we are talking about, where to look and where they are in general.

Use logical transitions. Don't jump from fact to fact. No one needs a bunch of little information. Fragmentary information is difficult to digest.

When you speak important information, give a link to the sources. Otherwise, your speech may be considered unfounded or fiction.

It is clear that after the three hundredth or thousandth time it is difficult to tell it as if it were the first time. But still, people’s opinions and the emotions they receive about the walk depend on your acting talent and inspiration.

“And most of all I remember the guides, who are included in the ticket price, and I listened to lectures from as many as three. They speak so vividly, with soul and in colors! I even started recording the last, third girl guide on a voice recorder.”

The guide is an organizer, but not a driver of people. If you work in a group all day, it would be appropriate to warn everyone before the start of the trip that at the exits you will first tell interesting things for 5-10 minutes, and then - free time. Because people are often nervous, they look at you - they worry that they won’t have time to take photos and buy souvenirs. It is important to give them time for this. Otherwise it might look like this:

“I’ve been to Kostroma once, on an excursion. I was left with a terrible impression - dog-like cold, although the rest of the boat trip was warm. The excursion was crumpled, the guide was a loud, nervous woman, she commanded a lot, told little.”

Don't keep people in one place for too long. 10 minutes is enough. Then people get distracted, worry that they won’t have time to take a photo, and in cold weather they freeze.

Don't wave your arms senselessly, watch your gestures. With your hand movements you direct the gaze of tourists, helping them not only to look, but also to see.

When interacting with people, do not wear sunglasses that are too dark. People should see your eyes, this is respect. If the sun is very bothersome, a wide-brimmed hat will help.

Depending on the position of the sun, during the story, position people so that the sun does not hit their eyes. If the weather is hot, place the group in the shade; if it is cold, on the contrary, choose a sunny place, sheltered from the wind.

If lunch is planned on the route, do not forget that the guide is the last one to sit down to eat. First, he must check all the tables - how people were seated, whether everyone has enough cutlery, what exactly was served to tourists (compare with the information from the travel agency). If you travel by bus, make sure the driver is also fed. Guides, drivers, managers dine at a separate table from tourists.

Give us the amount of information that people can absorb. There is no need to overload them with unnecessary facts, abstract topics and specific terms. Take small breaks. They are necessary for understanding and assimilation of information.

How much should a tour guide say? For example, the excursion lasts 6 hours. If this is a walk around the city, then the guide says 6 astronomical hours. If outside the city - 6 academic ones, i.e. every 45 minutes he has the right to take a break for 15 minutes. On the way back, the guide, as a rule, does not speak. Tourists are relaxing at this time, some are sleeping, some are sharing their impressions with a neighbor, some are listening to music.

Sometimes on excursions there are people who lack communication. They ask questions they don't need answers to. They need time and attention. If you have the opportunity, give it to them.

If a tourist expresses his point of view on the information provided and tells a lie, do not argue with him. Everyone has the right to make mistakes. Your task is to give knowledge, and to assimilate it is everyone’s personal job. Maybe he will learn it, maybe he won’t, it’s voluntary.

If you had a country bus tour and you are returning back, warn tourists in advance that the bus goes without intermediate stops to the starting point of the excursion. People should be informed about this in advance. Otherwise, when approaching the city by bus, there will be a procession of “walkers” to the driver and everyone will ask him to stop there. Such situations often make drivers nervous. After all sightseeing bus- not a taxi and the driver should not drop off groups of people here and there, slowing down, changing lanes and wasting time. The guide also monitors the travel time. At the end of the excursion, he must document the time the bus stopped when the last tourist left. Otherwise Travel Company will overpay for the duration of the bus transfer.

At the end of the tour, remind tourists that you can answer their questions. And there are usually a lot of questions.

The guide tries to make the walk interesting, filled with reliable information. Moreover, he presents it in such a way that tourists understand and remember a lot. They gain knowledge and the opportunity for further reflection and perhaps independent reading and walking. It's great when the work of one person encourages you to find interesting things in new objects.

At the end of the excursion, be sure to sum up the results - briefly tell where you visited, what you saw. Thank your colleagues for organizing the walk and tourists for their attention. This is usually followed by applause :) Your reward for a job well done.

OUTLINE OF THE MASTER CLASS

“HOW TO PREPARATE AND CONDUCT A TOUR IN THE MUSEUM”

Target: familiarizing teachers with the main aspects of work experience

on organizing and conducting an excursion to the school local history museum.

Master class objectives:

Convey your experience by direct and commented demonstration of the sequence of actions, methods, techniques and forms of pedagogical activity;

Joint development of methodological approaches and techniques for solving the problem;

Create an emotional positive attitude towards business cooperation, stimulate the activity of participants through the inclusion of teachers in work in subgroups;

Reflection of their own professional skills by master class participants.

Equipment: multimedia installation, museum exhibits, texts, documents, handouts.

Plan

Organizational and motivational stage (induction)

Presentation of experience

Creating a problem situation

Simulation (simulated game)

Physical education minute

Advertising

Summarizing

Reflection

Progress of the master class

Organizational and motivational stage

Greetings to the participants of the master class.

Announcement of the topic.

Joint goal setting.

What needs to be done to prepare and conduct a tour of the museum?

I chose a poem as the epigraph for today’s meeting

"Free conversation":
- Shall we talk?- About what?- About various things and other things.- About what is good- And not very good.- You know something.

- But I know something.- Shall we talk?- Let's talk.- Suddenly it will be interesting.

II . Presentation of experience

This is our first lesson, in which we will get acquainted with the local history museum of secondary school No. 1 and its sections. They are on your tables Business Cards museum. During a correspondence excursion to our school local history museum you will get to know it in more detail.

( Presentation about the school local history museum of the State Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1 of Starye Dorogi named after Hero of the Soviet Union F.F. Kulikov" ).

Creating a problem situation

Now it’s time to set the task for our meeting. During your work, we will select guides, researchers, journalists, those without whom it is impossible to imagine the activities of any museum.

Before going on an excursion, I want to treat you and invite you to our museum. (Participants are asked to choose a candy)

Now I’ll ask you to take a seat at the table that matches the color of your section.

We are not in our museum, but you have a unique opportunity to visit it not only virtually through a presentation, but also to actually look at, evaluate and work with exhibits using a mobile museum - the “Museum in a Suitcase”. What do you think can fit in such a small suitcase??

I would like to invite you to learn together how to evaluate a museum exhibit, give it characteristics and talk about it. It’s not for nothing that there is a saying: “Things speak!”

Participants of the master class are invited to work together with the master.

Without studying it completely, it is impossible to judge the subject as a whole. We present to your attention one of the exhibits of our school local history museum - a glyak (vessel). Our task is to describe it and find out where, when, by whom, what it was used for and what material was used to make it. We must apply the information received in order to compose the text of the excursion and conduct it.

Modeling

(Work in groups)

I. There are museum exhibits, documents, and texts on the tables.

Each group needs:

1. Write a story showing the exhibit with explanations (for journalists)

2. Get acquainted with archival documents and draw a conclusion (for researchers)

3. Based on the proposed text, conduct a tour of your section (for guides)

1 group ( Starodorozhchina literary) (books by Starodorozhchina authors: K. Tsvirko, A. Usenya)

2nd group (The People's War was going on) (cap, letters from the front)

3 group (Folk crafts) (belt, pottery bowl)

4 group (Matulya-school) (pen with inkwell, petition to open a school)

5 group (Starodorozhsky region) (book “Old Roads”, stone with a hole (tool) 2-1 thousand BC).

Physical education minute

Advertising

(Presentation of group work of master class participants)

Summarizing

1 . Upon completion of the work, everyone is awarded the title:

guide,

researcher,

journalist.

2. Joint practical work

Emblem of the local history circle. In order to retain memories of visiting various interesting places for a long time, people usually purchase objects depicting some objects of the area where they visited. Together with you we will also assemble the emblem of our educational institution. Assembling a high school emblem from a mosaic

№ 1. Each group has a puzzle piece on the table for a single picture.(Glue on a large Whatman paper).

So I think that after our master class you have an idea of what the work of a museum worker is. After your own attempts to describe the exhibit, compose a story about it and use it during the excursion, you will remember it for a long time.

Reflection

Game "Suitcase of WISHES"

Each participant takes turns: at parting, all group members collect a “suitcase of wishes”, putting in it the exhibits with which they worked. Everyone speaks out and always expresses their admiration positive aspects personality and formulates his wishes.

What did you get from the master class?

Were your hopes met?

Thank you very much for your work.

One thing is undeniable:

Even if you don't go out into the world,

And in the field outside the outskirts, -

While you are following someone,

The road will not be remembered.

But wherever you go

And what a muddy road

The road is the one I was looking for,

Will never be forgotten.

I want you to also pass everything you hear through your heart, then everything will work out for you.

Clay

Tapered at the top, wide, rounded at the bottom

Will satisfy.

Milk storage

Museum of Secondary School No. 1, section: folk crafts Clay

Tapered at the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Will satisfy.

Milk storage

Clay

Will satisfy.

Milk storage

Museum of Secondary School No. 1, section: folk

crafts

Clay

Narrow at the top, wide, rounded at the bottom

Will satisfy.

Milk storage

Clay

Narrow at the top, wide, rounded at the bottom

Will satisfy.

Milk storage

Clay

Narrow, self-woven from colored threads

Will satisfy.

Wearing clothes

Clay

wide rounded shape

Will satisfy.

For food

Glass, metal pen

Pen with handle, square inkwell with pen stand

Will satisfy.

Writing texts

paper

letter

Copy

School opening

Book

"Old Drogi"

paper

Book with illustrations of the city

Will satisfy.

Studying the history of the city

Stone

Stone with a hole inside for a handle

Will satisfy.

Skin processing

Stone tools: To.II– beginningIthousand BC, village of Levki, Starodorozhsky district, during field work of students

Book “Old Roads”: gift from history teacher Stanilevich I.M.

Letter of request to open a school:

Feather with inkwell: To.XIX– beginningXXcentury, gift from students

Pottery bowl: To.XIX– beginningXXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Starye Dorogi

Woven belt: beginningXXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Zaluzhye

Cap:

Letters from the front:

K. Tsvirko:

A. Usenya:

Travel can be called one of the most popular and vibrant hobbies of a person. Many people love to travel to new places, filling their lives with unforgettable travel experiences. Not every resident of Russia can afford a vacation abroad, but he has access to excursions to interesting places in his country. Recently, the number of people wishing to discover amazing corners of the Russian Federation has increased greatly, and this circumstance has served as an impetus for business people to start the excursion business.

Every entrepreneur has questions: how to open a tour agency, how much money should be invested in the business at the start, whether the business will bring profit and where to start this process. It turns out that organizing tourism activities is not difficult, and a person interested in it can easily build such a business and achieve success in it.

Starting a business - planning activities

Before you start organizing any business, you need to make a plan. It will consist of the following points:

Studying market demand and competitors' activities.
Choosing an office for a future bureau.
Selection of necessary documents for business.
Development of excursion routes.
Solving transport issues.
Recruitment.
Advertising campaign.

After collecting, studying and analyzing all the necessary information, the businessman must draw up a business plan for his future enterprise and calculate the approximate costs of opening it.

And now about all this in more detail.

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Studying tourism legislation, preparing documents for business

Having decided to organize a business in the field of tourism, a businessman must study tourism legislation and then prepare the documents necessary to open own business. The main law that defines the principles of state policy in the field of tourism and regulates the rights and obligations of the owners of excursion bureaus and their clients is the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in Russian Federation" dated November 24, 1996, N 132-FZ.

To better imagine future activities, experienced businessmen advise beginners to attend special thematic courses, for example, “Organizing a travel agency from A to Z.” Firms and consulting groups conduct such courses on a monthly basis and even provide their students with ready-made sets of all the documents necessary for the excursion business.

To open a tour desk business person in the Russian Federation you do not need to purchase a license or other special permit. All that is required of him is registration as an individual entrepreneur or legal entity. As the main documents, in addition to the registration certificate, you will need to have independently developed contracts for the provision of services, contracts with transport companies, museums, points Catering, job descriptions for staff, instructions for tourists.

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Market demand, study of competition and development of excursion routes

Any novice entrepreneur understands that his business will be profitable if there is a demand for his services. Therefore, to organize a tour desk in hometown, you need to see whether this city, its surroundings or settlements located at a short distance from it, a large number of attractions and beautiful places. After all, before you start developing routes to Moscow or Suzdal, or other distant cities, you must first try to conduct excursions closer to “home”. There are many amazing places in Russia with rich history and beautiful nature.

If there is already a tour desk in the city, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the offers and routes of competitors. When setting the cost of excursions, you need to focus on the average salary of city residents and think about how much money they can pay for the trip. The main criterion is the availability of the excursion for everyone, and although the price should be made more attractive than that of competitors, it should not be too low.

When developing a route plan, there are several factors to consider. First, you must definitely study the history of your native land, its customs, get acquainted with the biographies of famous fellow countrymen. To do this, you will need to visit the local local history museum, talk with its employees, look through books about your region and chat with old-timers who will be happy to tell you about interesting legends and events of the past.

Secondly, routes should be developed taking into account the age audience. If these are excursions for children, you should definitely introduce elements of entertainment into them, organize playful moments, for example, dress up the guide as a fairy-tale character, come up with a themed competition, etc. Children's excursions should not be drawn out in time, since children quickly lose interest in one thing or another. the same activity.

Thirdly, you need to carefully consider the time spent on each route (from 45 minutes to the whole day), provide stops along the way, and recommend a cafe for lunch. If the excursion takes several days, this requires tourists to spend the night in a hotel and provide them with food.

Fourthly, the plan for visiting city attractions should differ from the plan of competitors; for this purpose, it is advisable to select other monuments for a city tour or, in addition to the main program, include in it “unpromoted” but interesting places, visits to which can be arranged for an additional fee. The more interesting and unusual the excursion, the more people will want to visit it, since “the earth is full of rumors.”

An important circumstance is the implementation of an advertising campaign. In addition to announcements in the media, handouts, booklets in stores, advertising in in social networks It is imperative to create a website on the Internet, thanks to which more people will learn about the agency, see the excursion plan, and become familiar with their program and prices in detail.

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Office for the tour desk and its staff

Business at the initial stage involves minimal expenses Money. Therefore, the organizer of the bureau is at first almost its only employee. In his own apartment, he can receive calls from those who want to go on an excursion or conduct one himself. But over time, having an office becomes a necessity, as does increasing the number of employees. It is better to find office space in a busy place so that it catches the eye of many. A bright sign and a beautiful display window are required. The interior decoration of the office should not be too expensive or extremely “soviet”, but cozy and bright so that the client feels comfortable in it.

The main employee of the bureau is the tour guide. He must be a competent specialist, have a well-trained, pleasant voice, and be attractive. He needs to constantly learn something new about the sights and famous people, adding Interesting Facts in the excursion texts. In addition to tour guides, the company will need an accountant, manager and drivers. The head of the bureau can agree with the transport company to provide a bus for routes on certain days; a larger company has its own transport and drivers.

Create a new interesting excursion- it’s not an easy matter. The planned event should be divided into two equal stages - preparation and conduct of the excursion.

To develop new excursion route you need to decide on the purpose of the excursion, the type (in terms of content - sightseeing, thematic; according to the method of transportation - walking, bus) and objects of display. The text of the excursion, its duration and richness of facts will depend on this. This should not be done by one person, but by a creative group, which should include from three to seven people.

First steps to planning an excursion

When objects are selected, we begin collecting information on each of them and compile the most convenient route transitions (moving, etc.). Now, from a large amount of information on objects, you need to compose a tour text for each of them and a card of the object. Such a card is an indispensable part of a guide’s portfolio; it contains brief information about the object and possibly a photograph of it.

After excursion texts for objects have been written, it is easier to create an interesting and concise excursion text and connect the parts with competent transitions.

After preparing the materials, a methodological development of the excursion is done - this is a document describing the excursion and its main parameters. The manual includes a topic, a map of the route, its length, type of excursion, safety rules, purpose, tasks and time. It also includes a table - a plan for the excursion:

route;
display object;
stop;
time in minutes;
listing of main issues, names of subtopics;
organizational guidelines;
methodological instructions (logical transitions).

After this, the manual must be certified by management; it serves as confirmation of the quality of the excursion.

Tour guide's briefcase

Before conducting a tour, you need to collect a “guide briefcase”. This is the professional name for a set of visual aids to simplify the excursion. These can be reproductions of paintings, photographs of people who are related to this topic, maps depicting enterprises or military operations, geographic Maps, geological samples, product samples, tape recordings and other materials that help inform the excursion.

Material requirements

The criteria for selecting visual material are low: preservation, unusualness, expressiveness, need for display and educational value. These are the main qualities of these criteria. It is very important to have good materials on objects that have not survived to this day or have been greatly modified. This will make the material easier to understand. It is worth considering that reproductions, maps and photographs must be on a cardboard base, the image must be clear with a size of at least 18*24, preferably 24*30 cm.

Now that all the material is ready, let's figure out how to conduct a tour correctly. Typically, each guide has his own technique for conducting an excursion, based on personal experience and observations. But the methodology for conducting an excursion is a whole system of requirements and tasks, methods of telling and showing. All this is necessary to achieve maximum digestibility of the material. A well-developed methodology is a kind of list of rules for a guide when conducting a specific excursion. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that the methods of conducting the excursion should differ slightly depending on the age characteristics of the group and the interest of the excursionists.

For school-age children, it is better not to overload the text with facts; it will be more interesting for them to see visual material and hear interesting legend or history. It is also worth preparing for questions; children receive a lot of them. It is important to be able to hold the attention of schoolchildren. To do this, you need to ask questions: “Do you know?”; “Have you heard about...?”; “Do you like...?” etc. In this case, the guide begins a dialogue with the excursionists, and this way you can hold your attention for quite a long time.

Older generation tourists, as a rule, behave quietly and calmly, and it is quite difficult to understand whether they are interested in the story or not. In the event that these are not professors and scientists, it is advisable not to overload the excursion text big amount dates and numbers. Always allow time for photographing, just five to seven minutes will be enough.

Guide techniques

There are generally accepted methods for conducting excursions, they include techniques of telling and showing. Display techniques allow tourists to pay attention to the most important details, evaluate the general appearance of the object and its combination with the environment. Narrative techniques, in turn, help to recreate a more accurate picture of events in the imagination of tourists. Key words: “Imagine...”, “It’s been... a year...”, etc.

Safety regulations

But in addition to interesting material and a pleasant guide, the event must be safe.

Safety when conducting excursions, especially walking ones, is very important. Basic rules of safety and behavior on the route can be read in methodological development excursions. But the guide is obliged to notify the group about safety precautions immediately before the excursion. Tell us about all the nuances of the route. The most banal phrases about not sticking your head out the window of a bus and jumping while it’s moving must be heard. Since the guide takes responsibility for the group during the excursion, it is his task to talk about safety rules.

What should tourists be warned about?

Particular attention should be paid to road intersections and transitions (rope bridges, caves, tunnels, etc.). If the excursion is conducted outdoors, you should be warned about fire safety rules. It is also necessary to talk about the fact that you should not try mushrooms, touch various insects and animals with your hands, drink water from open reservoirs and walk barefoot.

It is worth taking care of the household items of the local population and the surrounding nature at the excursion site. In addition, persons who have undergone preliminary instruction and medical examination, as well as people who do not have health-related contraindications, should be allowed on excursions.

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