Theoretical foundations for the development of a tourist excursion route. Rules for tourist and excursion services on tram (bus) routes The legendary path from the Varangians to the Greeks

Tourist and excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land Dergachevsky”. Target audience: schoolchildren aged 1417 years Murzakova Daria Sergeevna Route length: 1 km. 4th year student, group 421 (pedestrian) SSU named after. N. G. Chernyshevsky Institute of History and International Transport Relations (bus) - 220 km. from the city of direction “Tourism” Saratov to the river. Dergachi village Scientific supervisor: -220 km. from r. Dergachi village to Saratov associate professor of the department of tourism and cultural heritage Total: 440 km. Institute of History and International Relations SSU named after. N. G. Chernyshevsky Duration of the excursion (including Koroleva Oksana Vladislavovna interactive lesson and picnic) - 3 hours Saratov

Project objectives: 1. Involvement of new tourist sites in the tourism space of the region. 2. Expanding knowledge about the cultural and historical values of the Saratov region, namely the Dergachevsky district. 3. Increasing the tourist attractiveness of the Dergachevsky district. 4. Educational tasks. 5. Drawing attention to the history of the native land from schoolchildren. 6. Introduction of new technologies, namely the use of interactive classes for schoolchildren in a game format. Project goals: To create a unique project guide for schoolchildren to the significant sights of the village of Dergachi, Saratov region, using interactive lessons.

In the village of Dergachi, Saratov region, there are a large number of unique historical and architectural attractions. All of them are “long-livers” of the village. The uniqueness of the architectural heritage of Dergachi and its significance not only for the residents of the Dergachevsky district, but also for the entire Saratov region, lies in the fact that the village has preserved buildings built more than two hundred years ago, which preserve the history of that time. There are not many similar architectural structures left in the Saratov region. Getting to know the architectural and cultural structures on the territory of the Dergachevsky district will allow children to more fully learn the history of their native land, the life and way of life of the people who inhabited the Dergachevsky district

Minimum number of tourists in a group - 30 people Meals - 6000 rubles (for the whole group) Transport services - 10800 rubles Excursion services - 500 rubles Additional expenses per group - 150 rubles (for each excursionist). Total 4500 rubles Total direct expenses - 21800 rubles Profitability (15%) - 3270 rubles Total cost of servicing the group - 25070 rubles. . The cost of the 1st tour package is 726 rubles

The number of tourists and the number of groups is 30 people; 22 groups Total tourists on the route - 520 people Start of service on the route - May 16, 2016 End of service on the route - October 24, 2016

Sightseeing. Object 1: Building of the Dergachevsky Children's Home for Mentally Retarded Children (Lva Tolstoy St., 68)

Object 3: Sculptural composition “1941 -1945.” To the Dergachev soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War" (Maxim Gorky St.)

Practical application of the tourist excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land of Dergachevsky” Before starting to write a tourist excursion project for children and schoolchildren, I asked myself, do Dergachi schoolchildren know the history of their native land and the most significant sights? Based on this, we conducted a sociological survey among schoolchildren aged 11-17 years. The questionnaire contained 6 questions: 1. What is patriotism? 2. Do you consider yourself a patriot? 3. Do you know the history of our village, its name? 4. What do you know about the streets of our village? 5. Do you know the sights of the village? 6. Please indicate your age.

57 people took part in the survey. All of them are schoolchildren of MKOU Secondary School No. 1 district. Dergachi village, Saratov region. Analysis of the data obtained showed that 95% of the schoolchildren surveyed are familiar with the concept of patriotism. 57 out of 57 (100%) of the schoolchildren surveyed consider themselves patriots of their country and native land. To the question “Do you know the history of our village, its name in the past? ", only 45% of schoolchildren gave the correct answer. 67% of schoolchildren are familiar with the sights of the Dergachy district, but 23% of respondents do not know at all about the historical values of the village of Dergachi.

Based on the data obtained, we can conclude that not all schoolchildren are familiar with the history of their native land. Many people don’t even have an idea about the sights of their home village. Having identified the current problem, it was decided to develop a tourist excursion route for children, the main goals of which are to attract attention to the history of their native land from schoolchildren and expand knowledge about the cultural and historical values of the Saratov region, namely the Dergachevsky district

Based on the information from the Dergachevsky Museum of Local Lore, the text of the excursion was compiled based on historical data, facts and legends. The tourist excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land of Dergachevsky” is a unique project-guide for schoolchildren to the significant sights of the village of Dergachi using interactive activities for children.

On November 8, 2014, the implementation of the project “I love you, my land Dergachevsky” took place. There were 23 schoolchildren aged 15-17 years present. The objects of the display were: - the building of the military commissariat of the Dergachevsky and Ozinsky districts; Church of the Archangel Michael; -Dergachevsky local history museum; -Efim Fedorovich Morkov's estate; -house of landowner Koltunov. At the end of the excursion, an interactive lesson was held using outdoor games and an educational quiz, the participants of which could show their knowledge acquired during the excursion.

The basic principles of organizing excursion tourist routes are the following: attractiveness, accessibility, content, functionality, versatility, comfort, awareness.

To attract tourists, there must be something on the route that they would want to see, hear or do. You can attract tourists with anything: historical places, picturesque areas, cultural events and exhibitions, hunting, fishing, festival: and, rare animals, birds and much more. Therefore, special attention when organizing tourist routes You need to pay special attention to thematic excursions.

Availability involves the use of various types of transport on the tourist route: car, bus, train, plane, and for walking routes - an equipped tourist route. Most tourists will prefer those places that are easy, cheap and convenient to get to.

Content a tourist route means the presence of educational elements that promote acquaintance with nature, natural resources and monuments of culture, history, architecture, and so on. The principle of content allows tourists to learn more in a relatively short period of time, enrich themselves with knowledge of many cultures, interesting sights, and stimulate the desire for further exciting travel.

Functionality involves year-round use of the same tourist route, but with a different set of seasonal services. Thus, in the summer, the mountain route largely consists of hikes and excursions through gorges with inspection of mountain lakes, waterfalls, snowfields and glaciers, and easy ascents to panoramic peaks to survey the area. IN winter time the main focus is on alpine skiing.

Multidimensionality tourist route requires the presence of pre-prepared options in the tourist service program. The need for multivariance is determined by the variability of weather and climatic conditions, the variability of the composition of tourists staying on the route (differences in their physical fitness, capabilities and demands).

Comfort. Tourists will give preference to those routes where, in addition to excursions, conditions for housing and food will be created. The absolute minimum is some food and a tent, the optimum is three meals a day, sleeping indoors on a bed, hot water supply. Tourists can stay in a hotel, individual houses, small hotels, boarding houses, trailers, and private houses. In rural areas, motels and campsites may be available for tourists. Restaurants and other eating places can be either indoor or outdoor, large or small, simple or elegant. The most important thing is that the food has good taste, even with a simple menu.

Awareness. A tourist route may meet all the requirements listed above, but there may not be tourists on it, since they have not heard or known anything about it, that is, they were not informed. Awareness of the tourist route is achieved through various means of advertising - in brochures, magazines, newspapers, radio and television, as well as through agents, travel agencies and through tourists who have extensive travel experience. A tourist must know what he will see, what he will do on the route, how he will get there and where to stop before he decides to go along this route (Basics..., 2002).

Classification of tourist routes can be built according to various criteria.

There are different types of routes::

- thematic - with a predominance of excursion services and educational orientation;
- hiking - routes with active modes of transportation;
- physical education and recreation - with a predominance in the program of sports and physical education and recreation activities;
- combined - routes that combine elements of all of the listed routes.

According to seasonality of action routes are divided:

- year-round (out-of-season);
- seasonal - operating during a certain season (ski, water, mountain, etc.).

By route construction routes are divided into:

- linear - with a visit to one or more points (except the initial one) located on the route;
- radial - (stationary) with a visit to one point on the route;
- circular - with the coincidence of the starting and ending points of the route and visiting several points along the route.

By duration routes are:

- multi-day (14-30 days);
- several days (1-3 days) - weekend routes;
- several hours (excursions).

By type of transport on the route:

- the travel company’s own transport;
- rented (chartered) transport from other organizations;
- personal transport of tourists.

By mode of transportation on the route:

- bus;
- motor ships (sea, river);
- aviation;
- railway;
- combined.

A simplified classification of tourist routes is presented in Figure 3.

Figure 3 - Classification of tourist routes

Route development- a complex multi-stage procedure that requires fairly high qualifications and is the main element of tourism service technology. It takes a long time and sometimes takes several months.

The organization and conduct of a tourist route of various types and types includes the following stages: preparatory, route, final (Fig. 4).

Figure 4 - Stages of completing a tourist route

The implementation of a tourist route is preceded by very serious preparation of the leader of the tourist group. At the preparatory stage, he first of all carefully studies the tourist route, the travel program and the conditions of service for the group at each point of the route.

The program of each tourist route must correspond to the purpose of the trip and contain a plan of activities implemented to satisfy the specialized or specific requests and interests of tourists (Kabushkin, 1999).

The organization and conduct of a tourist route must be reflected in the route documentation. The following groups of documents can be distinguished in it.

1. Technological documents for the route, hike, excursion.
2. Documents for the implementation of the tourist route.
3. Documents for servicing a group of tourists on the route.
4. Reporting documents.

Documentary basis tourist travel are:

- technological map of tourist travel;
- information leaflet for the tourist package with a description of the trip.

When organizing an excursion, fill out:

- technological map of the excursion;
- control package of the excursion;
- materials from the "Tour Guide's Portfolio";
- route diagram of the transport excursion route.

Methodology for conducting an excursion tourist route- this is a set of techniques that form the basis of the work of the route leader (tourist group) during a tourist trip. The methodology for conducting a tourist route consists of two parts:

- verbal technique,
- practical methodology (Fig. 5).

Verbal technique involves the use by the leader of a tourist group of methods of oral presentation of travel information on the route, conducting introductory and final conversations with tourists.

Travel information- an important part of the leader’s work with tourists along the route. Materials for travel information should be prepared by employees of the travel company long before the start of the route, well studied by the head of the tourist group, updated or supplemented if necessary. To do this, the leader must have a good knowledge of the route, the history and sights of the country, region, region, district or city through which the route passes, and the objects of display encountered along the way.

Figure 5 - Methodological scheme for conducting a tourist route

On the route the leader uses the following methodological techniques travel information:

Announcement- reception of information that is used by the manager most often along the route. Announcements are made during the preliminary gathering of the group, for example, about the departure time of the train, during the trip - about the places of transport stops, the time and place of operation of various services, and meals for tourists.

Explanation- reception of information, with the help of which tourists’ attention is focused on the features of an object, event, phenomenon, or human activity. The clarification technique should be used when children travel, in cases when the transport schedule changes, etc.

Message- reception of information, with the help of which the essential aspects of phenomena, processes, events related to the route are clarified. Thus, the leader of a tourist group, using this technique, informs tourists about the service program, interesting historical facts, and the features of serving tourists in the host country.

Reference- reception of information, with the help of which there is a concise presentation of factual material about an object or events and facts related to the topic, content of the route. This could be a certificate about excursions not planned on the route, the possibility of visiting museums, theaters, etc. etc.

Conversation- receiving information that is used by the leader when meeting with a tourist group and completing the route. There are introductory and closing conversations.

Introductory conversation The group leader conducts at the beginning of the journey. During the meeting, it is advisable to give a brief description of the route, which should reflect its specifics and main purpose.

You should tell about the sights of the places you stay along the route, memorial complexes and places associated with the lives of wonderful people, inform that before each stop there will be a detailed description of the plan and theme of the excursion, daily routine, social events, the possibility and procedure for organizing additional excursions at the expense of tourists.

The introductory conversation is the first meeting of tourists with the leader of the route, and the mood of the tourists, the authority of the leader of the tour group and the implementation of the route program largely depend on how it is conducted.

At the end of the trip, the route director must conduct final conversation. It should be organized so that tourists have the opportunity to express their impressions of the trip, complaints, wishes and suggestions (Gomilevskaya, 2002)..

The practical methodology allows the leader of the tourist group to purposefully manage the organization of all activities provided for by the route program. It involves the active use of techniques for organizing excursions, conducting social work, leisure activities, accommodation and meals for tourists during travel.

Comprehensive service Tourists on the route are usually carried out by several performers: sending and receiving travel agencies, transport organizations, accommodation and catering establishments, excursion bureaus and leisure organizations.

Methodology of excursion services provides for scheduled excursions included in the price of the tour. And unscheduled ones, carried out additionally at the expense of tourists.

When determining the excursion program in a particular city along the route, it is also necessary to proceed from the schedule of the ship, train, opening hours of museums, and to link the topics of the excursions with the route and its name.

Social work methodology involves a rational combination of it with the daily routine and free time of tourists. The content of the activities must be linked to the main purpose of the trip.

Thus, in the modern understanding, an excursion is a methodically thought-out display of places of interest, historical and cultural monuments, which is based on an analysis of the objects in front of the sightseers, as well as a skillful story about the events associated with it. Through the excursion, knowledge and perception of the surrounding world occurs.

The methodology for drawing up a tourist route, in particular an excursion route, is very complex. Tourists are attracted not just by relaxation, by the presence of picturesque areas, sea, mountains, etc. It is always much more interesting when a trip includes excursions, where you can not only see, but also hear about some of the sights and stories of the area. Therefore, the basic rule of the methodology for conducting a tourist route is to fully satisfy all the needs of the tourist, to provide related services that justify the purpose of his trip and give him pleasure.

The successful implementation of this rule requires employees of tourism organizations to take seriously the preparation of the route and its implementation.

The point is not only to prepare for each tourist route the text of travel information, an agreement for the provision of services to the tourist group, and other documents. The basis for conducting a tourist route should be a methodology that will always allow it to be carried out in an interesting, organized, and responsible manner. Here a lot depends on the leader of the tourist group. The skill of the route manager lies in the ability to connect all the activities of the service program along the route together.

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Time-tested: All-Union routes

Let’s start with those “remnants of the Soviet past.” One of the most interesting of these Russian routes was shortened due to a tragedy that occurred in the early 1970s (on the Fisht glacier). Tourists start in Adygea and finish in Dagomys, near the Black Sea. The 20-day “All-Union Route No. 30” was created back in the early 1930s. It runs through the famous Caucasian Nature Reserve. You will pass through several climatic zones, breathe in clean mountain air, and the landscapes of the subtropics will be imprinted in your memory forever. The only inconvenience (unless, of course, you are afraid of hiking in the mountains) is that you will have to pay a fee for each day you stay in the reserve.

There are several options for passing the All-Union Route No. 77. It runs through the Altai Mountains, the Katun River (rafting along it is very dangerous) and Lake Teletskoye, the pearl of these places. Tourists can visit the Denisova Cave (it was opened not so long ago) and see with their own eyes the Ukok plateau, on which the legendary “Altai Princess” (the mummy of a girl discovered in 1993) was buried. We warn you right away: this tourist route in Russia has always been considered the most difficult, so many people prefer a simplified pedestrian crossing - from the settlement of Edigan to Lake Teletskoye. And still, on this not very long path you will see one of the most beautiful natural areas countries - Altai is magnificent!

Riches of the ancient land: “Rings of Russia”

« Golden ring“Russia” does not need a long introduction - a lot has been said and written about him. Stopping points are ancient cities with many temples, craft centers, museums, and cultural monuments. You will cross the borders of several regions (“The Golden Ring” “embraces” Moscow, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Tver and Yaroslavl region). Every stop is admiration and delight. But even if you are not a fan of ancient architecture, local archaeologists can show you a lot of interesting things. For example, the notorious Vladimir Central was also located on the territory of the Ring. Historians will show you the paths along which prisoners escaped from dungeons. You might even be lucky enough to find a treasure!

In addition to the Golden Ring, there is also the “Silver Ring of Russia”, which runs through the lands that in ancient times were part of Novgorod Rus', the richest principality - now these are the lands around St. Petersburg. The route begins in Veliky Novgorod and ends in Tikhvin. You will see not only Pskov, Pechory (Pushkin’s places with interesting monasteries), but also “pro-Western” Vyborg, Kingisepp and Ivangorod, located on the Estonian border. In the vicinity of St. Petersburg, Finnish and then German troops hid stolen goods from the richest ancient churches and monasteries. So there are plenty of treasure hunters here too.

Are you a romantic and love poetry? You will definitely like the Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga region route, opened 45 years ago. You will visit many settlements - local estates, hotels, former forges and travel palaces still remember the great classic. Alexander Sergeevich visited the Tver province often - he visited his friends in the period from 1811 until his death. You will feel like a character in the poet’s works, taste delicious snacks, get some water in the healing springs, you will visit not only the manor houses, but also two museums of the poet (in Torzhok and Bernovo). The length of the route is approximately 250 km - not very tiring!

The legendary path from the Varangians to the Greeks

The Blue Road route is the only one in our ranking of the most interesting routes in Russia that “wanders” abroad, or rather, it begins there (on the Norwegian coast, in Mo i Rana), and continues in Sweden and Finland. But it finishes here in Karelia. Why did the route get this name? It’s just that its two thousand kilometers are mainly located on the banks of lakes and rivers. This is the same path “from the Varangians to the Greeks”, so popular among our distant ancestors. The former trade “tract”, now a very popular route crosses almost the entire Karelia (from the border with Finland to the Arkhangelsk region). These are very beautiful protected places!

The newest route: the virgin nature of Lake Baikal

Unlike other interesting tourist routes in Russia, this “Great Baikal Trail” is still in its infancy. But several small ecological “trails” have already been opened. When everything is completed, total length The route will be about 1800 km. According to plans, the route will pass through the territories of three national parks and three nature reserves. The idea to develop such a “trail” was born in the 1970s, but almost thirty years passed before enthusiasts began to implement it. Visit this amazing world– Baikal does not need any special compliments or advertising. The fauna and flora of both the lake itself and its shores are largely endemic and simply amazing. What is especially captivating is that there are no factories, sanatoriums or holiday homes near the route; this is a virgin region, not disfigured by civilization.

On the border of Europe and Asia

Are you a seasoned hiker? Then you won’t be scared by the multi-day “Big Ural Ring” route, which passes through populated areas of the Sverdlovsk region and Perm region, including Perm itself, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Solikamsk. The road lies through the middle Urals. But risky travelers take the opportunity and be sure to turn towards Miass, because in its vicinity there is unique monument nature, Lake Turgoyak, one of the largest freshwater bodies of water in the country. It is not for nothing that it is called the “Pearl of the Urals”: the crystal clear water can compete with Lake Baikal. It was in these parts that Pyotr Bazhov was inspired to later write his wonderful tales (several mines for the extraction of semi-precious stones still exist here). It was these lands that Ermak once conquered. And it is here that the memorial sign “Border of Europe and Asia” is located. Stand on it and make a wish!

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