Heraklion city - walking route. Individual shapes, new solutions

“...you need to read not in order to understand others, but in order to understand yourself.” Emil Michel Cioran. Where did it all come from? Why does it look like this? And where is my place in the world? Ancient tales answer philosophical questions.

The Christmas Fairy of Strasbourg (Alsatian Tale)

Once upon a time, on the banks of the Rhine River, not far from the city of Strasbourg, a count lived in an old castle. He was young and very handsome, but not married. And no matter how many girls were wooed for him, he didn’t like any of them. That's why people gave him the nickname Stone Heart.

The Count loved hunting very much. One Christmas Eve, he invited his friends to go hunting in the forests surrounding his castle. A cavalcade of horsemen pursued large game for a long time. The hunters were so carried away that they drove into a deep thicket, and the count did not notice how he broke away from the others and found himself at a seething stream with clear water. People called this stream the Magic Well, but the count did not know where this name came from. He dismounted and approached the water.

Having lowered his hand into the foaming stream, Stone Heart was incredibly surprised: the water turned out to be warm and delightfully gentle, despite the frosty December weather. The Count decided to wash his hands. As he plunged them deeper, he felt as if a glow flowed through his fingers. Suddenly it seemed to him that someone’s small, gentle palm touched his right hand and - ah! — she deftly pulled it off her ring finger Golden ring... The young man took his hand out of the water and saw that the ring, which he had never parted with, had really disappeared!

Upset and puzzled, the count mounted his horse and rode home, intending to send his servants to bail out the ill-fated “well” in the morning.

Returning to the castle, the count retired to his chambers. He fell onto the bed in what he was wearing, but could not fall asleep. The strangeness of the adventure did not let Stone Heart go; with excitement, again and again, he mentally plunged his hands into the gentle water and felt the touch of small soft fingers.

Suddenly, from the courtyard, the hoarse barking of guard dogs was heard, the creaking of the drawbridge, as if it had been lowered, and then the sound of many small feet on the stone stairs was heard... And now an indistinct noise and the rustle of light footsteps filled the living room, from which only the door separated Stone Heart’s bedroom ...

As soon as the count jumped out of bed, a charming melody sounded and the door swung open. Running into the living room, the owner of the castle found himself surrounded by countless fairy-tale creatures in bright sparkling clothes. They did not pay any attention to the Stone Heart - they simply danced, laughed and sang to the mysterious sounds of music.

In the center of the hall there was such a luxurious Christmas tree, the likes of which the Count had never seen. Diamond stars, pearl necklaces, gold bracelets, brooches with rubies and sapphires, silk ribbons embroidered with small mother-of-pearl beads, and daggers in gold sheaths studded with the rarest precious stones sparkled on its lush branches. The whole tree shone, sparkled and seemed to tremble...

The Count froze in a daze, looking at these miracles, but then the fairies stopped dancing and parted to make way for a lady of dazzling beauty, who was slowly approaching the Count.

A golden, richly decorated diadem shone on her head. Long raven locks flowed over her shoulders and over her voluminous robe of pink satin and cream velvet. The beautiful stranger held a box studded with diamonds in her miniature white hands. Handing it to the count, the guest said in a seductive voice:

— Dear Count, I came to you on a return Christmas visit. I, the Fairy Queen, have brought you what you accidentally dropped in the Magic Well.

The “heart of stone” trembled and beat violently. Having accepted the box from the Fairy’s hands, the Count impatiently opened it and saw his beloved lost ring.

Fascinated by what was happening, the Count could not control himself and pressed the Fairy Queen to his chest. She, moving away a little, took his hand and carried him into the labyrinth of a magical dance. Magical music floated through the hall, numerous fairies whirled and twirled around the Count and the Queen, until finally they gradually turned into a multi-colored haze and dissolved completely, leaving the owner of the castle alone with his beautiful guest.

The heart stone was split. The young man, whose coldness had never before been shaken by any maiden in the land, fell on his knees before the Fairy Queen and began to beg her to become his wife. He confessed his love for a long time and passionately, and finally the beauty answered “yes.” But with one condition: the husband should never utter the word “death” in her presence. The Count promised ardently.

The next day the lovers got married. The wedding was magnificent and grandiose, it was talked about for a long time in the surrounding villages and villages. But even longer, the happy husband and wife lived in love and joy.

Many years have passed. And then one day the count decided to hunt in the forests around the castle with his wife. At the appointed hour, the saddled and bridled horses impatiently beat their hooves at the door, the company of friends languished in anticipation, and the count, every now and then glancing at the mantel clock, walked around the hall from side to side. His wife lingered in her room, and the count became more and more irritated. When finally the Fairy Queen, luxuriously dressed and smiling, appeared at the door, the Count could not contain his anger:

- Darling, we’re only sending you for death!!!

As soon as the fatal word was spoken, the Fairy let out a wild cry and disappeared in an instant. In vain did the count, overcome with grief and repentance, call for his beautiful wife, and in vain searched for her in the castle, in the surrounding forests and at the Magic Well. He did not find any traces, except for one sign - the imprint of a gentle hand on a stone arch above the castle gate...

Years passed, but the Fairy Queen never returned. No one called the Count Stone Heart anymore, because his heart was broken. He continued to grieve and wait for her. Every Christmas Eve, the unfortunate count decorated the Christmas tree in the living room, where he first met his sorceress. So he hoped to return his beloved. It was all in vain.

He never uttered the word “death” again, but the time came and the count died. The castle gradually turned into ruins. However, to this day, in the stone arch above the massive gate, a deep imprint of a small, gentle hand is visible. And the good people of Strasbourg decorate the Christmas tree every Christmas Eve, just as the late count did.

www.vokrugsveta.ru/article/241427/

The Vistula River flows through the entire city without granite. According to one legend, a little mermaid lived in this river. In Warsaw, in the center of the Market Square, a monument to the Siren, the symbol of Warsaw, was erected. It is located in the very center of the old city. A beautiful legend is associated with the emblem of the Polish capital of Warsaw - the Siren, a half-woman, half-fish with a sword and shield in her hands. This little mermaid is depicted on the coat of arms of Warsaw. She embodies eternal youth, beauty and femininity combined with the heroic traditions of Warsaw. This is a female figure with a fish tail, looking to the left, with a curved sword raised upward and a round shield.

A long time ago, two mermaid sisters lived in the Baltic Sea. One day they decided to see the world. One sister sailed west, towards Denmark. Her further fate is known to everyone. In the port of Copenhagen you can see a sad little mermaid sitting on a stone. Another sister swam past the seaside Gdansk into the Vistula and swam along it. In the area of ​​today's Warsaw (then it was a small village), fishermen caught a mermaid and wanted to eat it. But when the Siren sang, the fishermen were charmed by her voice, and they released the mermaid. Struck by the beauty of the banks of the Vistula and kindness local residents, Sirena stayed to live here. Every day the sea maiden sang her wonderful songs for the local fishermen.

They also say that she swam out of the river and predicted to the fisherman Varsa and his wife Sava that they would build a city on this place. It is believed that the name of the city, Warsaw, came from these characters.

One day, a rich and incredibly greedy merchant, deciding to make money from the magical singing of the little mermaid, caught her and put her in a cage. But, having learned about this, all the surrounding people, fishermen and farmers, came to the aid of the mermaid, who had already become their favorite. Finding herself free again, Sirena vowed to protect and protect Warsaw and all its inhabitants from any troubles and misfortunes. Since then, grateful Warsaw residents have depicted the warlike half-woman, half-fish on their coat of arms. And in the very center market square There is a bronze monument in the Old City.

There is another legend about Warsaw. A long time ago, a king named Kazimierz went hunting and got lost in pursuit of the beast. Fortunately, I finally saw a forester’s hut standing on a hillock. The owner sheltered the king, and when he rested, he noticed two babies - the children of a forester. In gratitude, he decided to give them names: he named the girl Savoy and the boy Var (or Vars). And, of course, he made the owner rich. When Var and Sava grew up, a rich estate was built on the site of the hut. Soon a village appeared around her, and then a city. It was called Warsaw, and then Warsaw.




Once upon a time in a fairy tale, once upon a time, there was a fortress here and princes lived. During the raids of the robbers, guns thundered, swords rang and huts burned. Warriors in chain mail fought to the death...

This place bore a proud and beautiful name - Starodub. The fortress city guarded the waterway to ancient Vladimir. Starodub was the capital of the principality, the most important centers of which were the villages of Aleksino, Mugreevo, Osipovo, Palekh, Petrovskoye, Rozhdestvenskoye (future Kovrovo), Vasilyevskoye (Shapkino), Troitskoye and Falalevo (future village of Fedotovo, now part of the village of Melekhovo). Starodub was ravaged more than once by robbers and nomads, but the heroic city was rebuilt again. But during the Great Troubles, it was nevertheless burned by a punitive detachment.

But you can still see three hills on the banks of the Klyazma River. They are called “Egoriy”, “Gorodishche”, and the latter is called “Teremishch”. The hills are separated by deep ravines called Prosny and Korovy or, simply put, Korovkin.

On the first weekend of April, we went to the place that preserves the memory of the disappeared city. This is the village of Klyazminsky Gorodok, Kovrov district, the center of the Klyazminsky rural settlement, which, according to the old calculation, is located 14 versts from Kovrov.

By the way, it is more correct to call “our” Starodub Starodub-on-Klyazma, since its waking and no less ancient “namesake”, Starodub Seversky, is located in the Bryansk region. It withstood the raids of the Mongol-Tatars and Polish-Lithuanian forces, participated in the Northern War, and during the Great Patriotic War it was captured by the Nazis.

But let's return to the Kovrovsky district. This day turned out to be cloudy. We are greeted by the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was built in the 1790s by the landowner Prince P. A. Volkonsky and was consecrated in 1803. IN Soviet time

was closed: served as a bakery, warehouse, and then abandoned. In 1992 it was repaired and “returned to the believers.” Now it is a functioning temple.

There is almost no one on the rural streets. Either it’s always like this here, or they were still sleeping on Sunday morning. Sometimes dogs bark from behind the fences: judging by the intonation, some dogs are friendly, others not so much. But we met the most curious dog... on a tree. It’s good that this meeting did not happen in the dark. A scary plush animal with a torn bloody paw and a protruding tongue inspires fear. The next “wood” find is also not related to rich history

We meet another interesting car, already a real one, not far from the church. This is a rarity! The body of the retro car has been mercilessly battered by time: there are no windows, as it seems, and no engine. The cabin is a mess. The car is not running and has probably been deregistered, but for a couple of seconds you have the feeling that this “old lady” is alive. She doesn’t look like the formidable King’s Christina, but is more reminiscent of the charming Herbie from Crazy Races.

The transport theme is continued by this cute... tractor.

But let's go back to older times. A long time ago, on the first “mountain”, when Yuri Dolgoruky visited the ancient city, a wooden church was erected in honor of St. George the Victorious. The foundation of the temple survived until the early 60s of the last century. On the hill they traded livestock, fish and grain.

On the hill “fortified settlement” (from the words “to fence, to fence”) there was a fortified part ancient city, surrounded on all four sides by an earthen rampart and bounded on one side by a river and on the other by deep ditches.

Along all the ramparts there was a powerful log fence with towers, and at all the gates there were folding bridges.

And at the beginning of the twentieth century, local merchant Fyodor Noskov bought the “fortification” from the peasants land and began building a paper-weaving factory at its foot.

As a result, the “cultural” layer suffered greatly ancient monument, since clay for making bricks was mined here, in addition, part of the ramparts on the river side was torn down during the development of limestone.

During the Soviet period, the factory constantly expanded its area, and the “city” suffered from this. In 1996, the weaving enterprise ceased to exist, leaving only ruins.

We found these ruins. It wasn't exactly dangerous, but it was risky. A lot of snow fell that night and it was unclear whether there was literally ground under our feet everywhere.

The “remains” of a merchant’s factory look eerie, epic and even gothic. But because of them, the edges of the rampart are constantly crumbling and the archaeological monument, despite the fact that it is under state protection, is in a deplorable state.

On the third hill, according to legend, there was a princely tower, which was distinguished by its unprecedented height and from it one could see the towers of Suzdal. Now in the village there is only such a “high-rise”:

There is an old store.

And in 2002, the entire Kovrovsky district solemnly celebrated the 850th anniversary of the founding of the city of Starodub on Klyazma. By this historical date, an impressive white stone stele with the symbols of the Starodub principality was installed in the center of the Klyazminsky town. Its author was a young sculptor, a graduate of the Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture from Kovrov. Pavel Belan.

There is also a memorial dedicated to the participants of the Great Patriotic War who died in battles for their Motherland.

Starodub, Klyazma town is the place where the history of the Kovrov district began. We have something to be proud of.

Prepared using data from the portals kraeved-museum.ru and historykr.edusite.ru

Photographer Alexey Golubev

The small town of Krasnoturinsk, Sverdlovsk Region, became famous throughout Russia for its single unfinished dangerous building of the Treasury Department, in which the punks set up a hangout and a “public toilet.” And in this case, what can we say about Stary Oskol, where long-term construction projects for every taste and time frame are visible and invisible. There are long-term construction projects, promising and unpromising, famous and forgotten... Which one should we start with?

We suggest starting with something optimistic—promising.

There is a promising long-term construction site adjacent to the regional police department. Recently, in a local newspaper, this box was noticed by a resident of Stary Oskol, who is worried about the same thing as the prosecutor’s office of Krasnoturinsk with a population of 60,000: he is afraid that an unfinished building in the very center of the city will become an attractive place for criminal elements. Or maybe it already has?..

We called this “object” promising because the newspaper was encouraging that the long-term construction project had found a buyer who intends to complete the building next spring. Agree - the prospect...

Now it’s logical to move on to the unpromising.

It is located behind the Yuzhny microdistrict. A long time ago, piles were driven here for a school, and then... they were abandoned for the school and for construction as such. This long-term construction is away from human eyes, and therefore they don’t seem to know about it. That's why it has long been overgrown with its former self...

The new long-term construction is the Church of St. George the Victorious, which is under construction in the Park of Military Glory, next to the monument to the heavenly patron of Stary Oskol - the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky.

Although, perhaps, the construction of the temple will not turn into a long-term construction. They say that they are going to build the church using the old technology, that is, they will let each element of the building stand so that it receives the necessary “shrinkage”, in which case the temple will last for centuries. Well, let's see and see the progress...

There is a sad long-term construction...

The construction of the "Europe" shopping center in the Cosmos microdistrict did not even begin, and essentially stopped right there. Now the construction site is marked by a huge pit, fenced with a solid fence. And the long-term construction is sad because of its history. Firstly, while dismantling the previous long-term construction to clear the site for “Europe”, a builder died. Secondly, while the owners of "Europe" are dressing up their construction site, another one has long been built across the road shopping mall- "Carousel". And now it’s not entirely clear why we need another shopping center nearby?..

And it’s not clear what to call the next one—either mysterious, or “laundering”?

Today, few people remember exactly when and why they began to build a building next to the city dental clinic in the Olminsky microdistrict. Now STI MISiS is going to complete it “for itself.” This building was dismantled several times, then they began to complete it again... Once, while driving past a long-term construction site in a taxi, I heard a taxi driver “thinking out loud”: “the money is being laundered here, or something - they are either building it or dismantling it...”

Most famous long-term construction- a children's multidisciplinary hospital, people often remember him and talk about him a lot...

Heracleion is the most Big City Crete, which is the administrative center of the island, its main gate! In ancient times it was beautiful and picturesque, but unfortunately it suffered quite a bit during World War II. After the end of the war, a very chaotic and accelerated development of the city began, so the city lost its former charm.

The city is definitely worth a visit, because there are priceless archaeological reserves of the Minoan culture, located a short distance from the city, rich Archaeological Museum and many monuments, restored and preserved in excellent condition.

A long time ago, this seaside town, in those years - Heraclea, was the sea harbor of Knossos. The city was captured by pirates in the 7th century, for security reasons, they surrounded it with a majestic fortress wall and dug a huge moat (khandak - a fortress with a moat) along the walls of the city. Since then, the city began to be called Khandak, and for a full century and a half it was the center of the slave trade and the base pirate ships, which caused a lot of concern to the Byzantine Empire. Fortunately, in 961, the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros Phocas recaptured Crete from the Arabs. Thus began the second Byzantine rule in the history of Crete, which lasted until 1204. The city was then given to the Crusaders, and later to the Venetians, who established a system of government on the island similar to that of Venice. It was during the Venetian period that the Cretan Renaissance flourished in Handaka.

In 1621, after a long siege, the city was captured by the Turks, who renamed the city Megalo Kastro (Great Fortress). And only in 1923 the city regained its ancient name Herakleion.

Walk around the city. Ancient Venetian walls surrounding Old city, are in excellent condition. The walls are one of the most significant landmarks of Heracleion. The construction of these majestic walls began in 1462 due to the Turkish threat and lasted for a hundred years. Inside the surrounded area there were many churches, the Morosini fountain, the central square of St. Mark, etc. The length of the walls was three kilometers, and exceeded in area all the fortresses in Greece. The walls had seven bastions (Sabionara, Vituri, Jesus, Martinengo, Bethlehem, Pantocrator and St. Andrew) and four gates (Mola, St. George, Pantocrator or Chania Gate and Jesus Gate). Unfortunately, after the Turkish siege in 1669, the walls were reconstructed and the churches converted into mosques.

Kules. Two-story stone structure, the majestic seaside fortress of Cules (1), called Rocca al Mare by the Venetians, was built even before the new walls, and was quite badly damaged by an earthquake in 1303. You can visit this unique fortress by becoming a participant in an exhibition or various cultural events.

Directly opposite Cules, in the Venetian port, you can admire the grandiose domed structures (2). Shipyards that were once shipyards for the construction and repair of warships.

Walking to the western edge of Kalokerinu Street, at the Pantocrator Bastion, you can see the Chania Gate or Pantocrator Gate (3). They are located on the very northwestern edge of the fortress walls. The Chania Gate is named after the road that runs here from Heracleion to Chania and to western part Krita. The interior of the structure includes a gate, a cornice and a parapet with two slabs, one of which depicts the winged lion of St. Mark, and the other a bust of Pantocrator (Pantocrator) with the inscription OMNIPOTENS. The building has two arched passages, one leading outside the city, and the second to the bastion platform (Piazza bassa).

If you want to see and admire the panorama of the city, then climb the Martinegro Bastion (4). Bastion Martinegro. The tomb of the great Cretan writer Nikos Kazandakis which rises in the highest part of the fortress walls, on the southern top of the fortifications. There is also a modern sports center, a children's play area and the grave of the great Cretan writer Nikos Kazantzakis, on the tombstone of which is engraved the inscription: “I hope for nothing, fear nothing, I am free.”

Loggia. If you want to know where the Venetian aristocrats met, then be sure to go to the Loggia, which was in Handaka already in 1269. In those years there was also a second Loggia, which was located directly opposite the current one, but, unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1541. The most grandiose structure of the era of Venetian rule throughout the island of Crete is the fourth Loggia (5), erected in 1628 by F. Morosini himself. The rectangular building consists of two floors, the facades are decorated with 7 semicircular arches on the wide side and two on the narrow side. Between the arches there are columns of the Dorian order on the first floor and the Ionian order on the second. At the very beginning of the 20th century, the Loggia was in a dilapidated, dilapidated state. To great joy, on the initiative of D. Gerol and the drawings of F. Bershe, it was reconstructed.

Just behind the Loggia, in the building of the 17th century Venetian arsenal, is located the City Hall (Armeria) (6). St. Mark's Cathedral. In 1941, the arsenal was destroyed and then rebuilt into the City Hall. It was during the reconstruction process that a decision was made to embed a relief from the Sagredo Fountain into the wall of the building located under the arch. The Fountain itself, which bore the name of the Cretan Doge Giovanni Sagredo, was built next to the Loggia in 1602-1604 for the needs of the people.

Of course, in a city built on the model of Venice, the church of the patron saint of Venice, St. Mark, certainly had to be built. Thus, in 1239, a three-aisled basilica was erected, St. Mark's Basilica (7), with a wooden roof, a columned portico and a belfry on the southwest corner. The church belonged to the doge, and was destroyed several times by earthquakes. Unfortunately, when the city was under the Turks, the church was converted into a mosque, and a minaret was built instead of a belfry.

Cathedral of St. Titus (8). The Cathedral of St. Titus is interesting because, during the destructive years of the Arab conquest, the center of the Cretan metropolis, dedicated to St. Titus, was moved from the destroyed Gortyna to Handak. The Cathedral of St. Titus was built in 961; it houses the Venerable Head of the Apostle Titus and the miraculous icon of the Virgin Mary Mesopanthissa. During its existence, the Cathedral suffered terrible destruction due to earthquakes and fires. The cathedral was completely restored in the twenties of the 20th century.

Walking along the street of 1866, on its southern edge, you will see Cornaro Square (9). Cornaro Square, where there is a sculptural composition depicting Erotokritos on horseback and Arethusa.

In the northern part of the square there is the Bembo fountain (10), built in 1552-1554. Its facade is decorated with columns and semi-columns, which were made according to Renaissance architecture, with the coats of arms of its creator, the doge and dignitaries. And above the stream itself there is a headless statue from Roman times brought from Ierapetra.

Once you reach Piazza Venizelos (11), you will discover the delightful Morosini Fountain (12). Once upon a time, the governor general of Crete, Francesco Morosini, decided to supply the city's residents with water. Yes, very short term, a pipeline was created to deliver water to the city. Around the same time, in 1628, a fountain was erected. The subjects of the reliefs on the fountain bowls are taken from ancient Greek mythology. The fountain consists of several bowls arranged in a circle, and in the very center there is a raised platform on which 4 lions sit and support the central, main bowl on their shoulders. LINDALI Square. It is in this bowl that water accumulates and flows out of the open mouths of lions. There is an assumption that previously part of the fountain was a full-length statue of Poseidon. Obviously, the statue was damaged during the earthquake, or it was destroyed by the Turkish invaders.

If you go north from Piazza Venezelos, you will come to Piazza dei Signori (13). Around the square there were palazzos in which members of the administration lived at that time.

If you go northeast from the Cathedral of St. Mina, you can see the two-nave Church of St. Catherine (14). The Church of St. Catherine, built in 1555, which is the courtyard of the Sinai Monastery. A little further north is the Chapel of the Ten Saints. At that time, in the courtyard of the Sinai Monastery there was a school where education was conducted the highest level. Such outstanding scientists as Meletius Pigas and Cyril Loukaris graduated from this school. Of course, during the years of Turkish rule, the church was converted into a mosque. Today the church houses the Museum of Ecclesiastical and Byzantine Art (15), where you can see unique icons from the Cretan Renaissance.

It is interesting to visit one of the majestic cathedrals in all of Greece - Cathedral St. Mina (16). The Cathedral of St. Mina, which is a cross-domed church and has two high belfries. The foundation of the cathedral was laid in 1866, and construction, delayed due to the Cretan uprising, began in 1883. The construction of the cathedral was carried out under the leadership of the architect Afanasy Musis. The area of ​​the cathedral is 1350 sq.m. In the cathedral, the right nave is dedicated to Saint Titus, and the left to the ten saints.

Opposite the Dermatas Gate, behind primary school Bodosakio, the Priuli Fountain is located. The fountain was built by the Proveditor General of Crete, Antonio Priuli, in 1666. The fountain consists of four Corinthian semi-columns with a pediment. Between the semi-columns there are two semicircular niches, and in the center there is a rectangular niche.

If the city has captivated you, be sure to visit the Archaeological Museum of Heracleion (17), the most important museum in Crete. The collection for the museum began to be collected back in 1878.

The archaeological collection was first located in the Church of St. Mina, in the Turkish barracks, in Loggia. Then they decided to build a building, which was chosen in the area of ​​the Junkiara mosque. The museum plan was developed by the legendary architects Depfeld and Kavvadias. Thus, in 1912, construction of the first wing of the museum was completed. Many years later, in 1951, construction of a new Museum began, as the old building was damaged by an earthquake and was demolished. Construction was completed in 1964. The museum's exhibits represent the entire territory of Crete, from the Neolithic to the Roman era. The unique Minoan collection brought fame to the museum, of course. The most valuable exhibits of the museum are located on two floors in 20 rooms.

On the seaside street of the city, in the neoclassical building of Andreas and Maria Kalokerinos, is the Cretan Historical Museum(18), which was founded in 1952. The museum's collection includes objects from the early Christian, Byzantine, Venetian and Turkish eras, as well as folk culture Krita.

After the educational route, you can sit down in a cozy cafe and taste great aromatic coffee or a glass of fine Cretan wine.

The next day, you can visit the city for shopping. There are many famous brand stores in Heraklion. The route starts from the square of the Astoria Hotel - any taxi knows where this place is.

 

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