Brief description of the cities of the golden ring. Golden Ring of Russia, cities of the Golden Ring of Russia, brief description of the Golden Ring of Russia. Cruise by boat

Length 686 km, basin area 42.5 thousand km². The average water flow 185 km from the mouth, near the city of Kovrov, is 147 m³/s.

The food is predominantly snowy. It freezes in November and opens in the first half of April.

The river originates within the Moscow Upland, near Solnechnogorsk.

From the source it flows to the southeast, through the territory of the Khimki urban district, and then along the border of the Molzhaninovsky district of Moscow, where near the village of Cherkizovo it turns sharply to the east.

The banks in the upper reaches of the Klyazma are high and the valley is narrow. At the confluence with the Klyazma Reservoir, the width of the river reaches 12 m.

Then it flows through the Klyazminskoye and Pirogovskoye reservoirs. Below the named reservoirs, the flow of the Klyazma is regulated, its width at the Klyazma platform railway Moscow-Yaroslavl - about 20 m. Flows mainly along the Meshcherskaya lowland. Within Meshchera, the right bank of the river is significantly lower than the left.

Below the mouth of the Teza, along the low left bank, the Balakhninskaya lowland begins, on the right - a steep bank (up to 90 meters), belonging to the Gorokhovetsky spur of the Tsninsky shaft. The width in Noginsk is 50 m, in Vladimir - 130 m.

In some places Klyazma has a width exceeding 200 m. The maximum depth is 8 m, the predominant depth is shallow (1-2 m). In some places the river cuts through limestone strata. The bottom is clayey, sandy in places.

On the left bank between Kovrov and the mouth of the Teza is the State nature reserve“Klyazminsky” (until 1978 there were 2 beaver-muskrat reserves here local significance: Yuzhsky in Ivanovo and Kovrovsky in the Vladimir region).

Tributaries

The largest tributaries: on the left - Ucha, Vorya, Chernogolovka, Sherna, Kirzhach, Peksha, Koloksha, Nerl, Uvod, Teza and Lukh; on the right are Polya, Sudogda and Suvoroshch (all of them, with the exception of Teza, are non-navigable).

Story

People have long settled on the banks of the river and the entire basin. Archaeologists have excavated sites ancient man the Paleolithic era - the famous Sungir, the Mesolithic - for example, near the village of Saurovo near Pavlovsky Posad), many Neolithic (including near the village.

Bolshoye Bunkovo, Noginsk region - sites of the Lyalovo and Fatyanovo cultures), settlements of the Dyakovo culture.

In later times, the banks were inhabited by Finno-Ugric Meshchera, Merya and Muroma (the languages ​​of these tribes gave modern names to many tributaries of the river), and the first Slavic burial mounds in these places were found.

The development of the entire northeast of Rus', starting with the Vladimir-Suzdal principality (XII century), is associated with the river and its tributaries.

At this time, the river and its tributaries were used for navigation along its entire length, which made it possible to spread its influence far, and the Klyazma-Skhodnya-Moscow trade route, which was used even before the Slavic settlement, developed an economic basis.

Since the development of crafts (17th century), the river has concentrated many paper, ceramic and especially textile industries, first handicrafts, and later factories.

In 1937, the upper reaches of the Klyazma were cut off by the Moscow Canal, the flow below the reservoirs through the Akulovskaya and Pirogovskaya dams, simultaneously generating electricity, began to be regulated and fed by waters upper Volga and rivers in the north of the Moscow region.

In 1940, within the framework of the Gulag system, the construction of two hydroelectric power stations (near Vladimir and Kovrov) was planned and mothballed due to the outbreak of war.

In the 70s, the Eastern Shipping Canal project was considered.

River today

On the river there are such big cities, like Dolgoprudny, Shchelkovo, Korolev, Losino-Petrovsky, Noginsk, Pavlovsky Posad, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Sobinka, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets.

The river provides water to both numerous industries and residents large settlements in the middle and lower reaches.

Navigable for 302 km from the mouth to Vladimir, but in last years guaranteed depths are not supported.

River port in Vyazniki, shipyard in Gorokhovets.

Ecology, fauna, vegetation

Along the entire current from the city of Shchelkovo to the deep tributaries of the Vladimir region. The river waters are unsuitable for eating, swimming and fishing.

The Klyazma is heavily polluted in its upper reaches, but is still quite rich in fish (bream, ide, podust, asp, perch, pike, roach, ruff, burbot, gudgeon, bleak, chub).

Nowadays, catfish and sterlet, for which the river was famous in the 19th century, are almost never found in Klyazma.

Coastal vegetation is represented by various types of willows and sedges, chastis, reeds, cattails, stinging nettles, forest geraniums, succession of tripartite, aquatic vegetation - duckweed, water lilies, egg capsules, elodea, hornwort, and various types of pondweed.

The river is available for kayaking from May to September.

The Golden Ring of Russia is a famous a tourist route more than 1000 kilometers long, which passes through the ancient cities of Vladimir-Suzdal and Moscow Rus'. The route includes about 20 cities in the Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, Yaroslavl and Tver regions. Historical and architectural monuments of the 12th-18th centuries are concentrated here, which constitute a treasury of Russian culture. These unique sights are protected by the Russian state and UNESCO. The term “Golden Ring” was attached to this tourist route in the 60s of the last century. Then journalist Yuri Bychkov wrote on the pages of the newspaper Soviet Russia a series of essays about eight cities northeast of Moscow, distinguished by their rich cultural and historical heritage. Today this phrase, first used in 1967, is widely known in Russia and abroad. The Golden Ring includes eight main cities: Sergiev Posad, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov Veliky, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Suzdal and Vladimir.

The idea to “ring” ancient Russian cities belongs to the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments. In 1974, the first guidebook “Around the Golden Ring of Russia” was published.

In order to commit complete trip along the route, it will take almost a month. Therefore, it is better to travel around ancient Russian cities on small tourist routes that take 2-3 days. Moscow will serve as your starting point. The most convenient way, of course, is to travel by own car. Then you will not be tied to a tourist group and will be able to visit those cities and towns along the way that are not included in the traditional route. We assure you that these places are no less attractive for tourists. In addition, this way you can fully enjoy the beauty of the Golden Ring.

Travelers are amazed by the very atmosphere of Russian provincial cities, the lack of fuss and the regularity of life. Wonderful nature pacifies with its discreet beauty. Particularly attractive scenic spots Volga coast, Kotorosl River, Lake Pleshcheevo, Lake Nero. Nature central Russia attractive at any time of the year. There is plenty of space on the banks of rivers and lakes for walks and picnics. All stages of the development of ancient Russian architecture are represented in cities and villages: majestic white-stone churches of the 12th-13th centuries, tent-roofed buildings of the 16th century, buildings of the 17th century, creations of architectural and painting schools of Rostov, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vladimir.

Numerous historical monuments - fortresses, monasteries and temples, testify to the great importance of each of the cities of the Golden Ring in the ancient and royal periods of history. Each city has its own unique style of ancient architecture. A myriad of Orthodox monasteries, shrines and temples located in this region, attracts big number pilgrims. And Suzdal and Rostov the Great are real museums under open air. In Suzdal, for example, there are practically no cars. On the streets of the city you will meet mainly pedestrians and horse-drawn carriages. This is a reserve of old, pre-Petrine Rus' with the Kremlin, Pokrovsky and Spaso-Evfimievsky monasteries included in the List World Heritage UNESCO, Museum of Wooden Architecture.

In addition to architecture and holy places, during your trip you can get acquainted with the folk crafts of the Russian people. Museums in many cities contain examples of ancient artistic crafts: wood and bone carvings, products of skilled lacemakers and jewelers, lacquer miniatures and enamel painting (enamel) and much more.

Recently, the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia have been intensively developing travel business, so in almost any city you can find excursion service, an acceptable hotel, cafe or restaurant. They say that the best way to understand and experience great Russia, to feel the real Russian soul, is to drive through historical places Golden Ring, see historical monuments with your own eyes, enjoy ancient architecture, art and painting, see ancient icons of ancient Russian masters.

The cities of the Golden Ring of Russia are Rostov Veliky, Sergiev Posad, Yaroslavl, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Ivanovo, Suzdal, Kostroma and, of course, Vladimir. All these cities managed to preserve historical exhibits of Russian culture.

Every person should definitely visit all these great places, see the monuments of Russian history and feel this inspiring atmosphere. Further in the article there will be a basic description of the cities of the Golden Ring and their attractions, which are no less interesting than.

Rostov

This city is the richest in terms of historical values ​​among all the eight cities of the golden ring. It contains important cultural monuments not only Russian, but also European history.


The most popular attractions and cultural and architectural monuments are the Rostov Kremlin, the ensemble of the Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery, the Rostov Bells and the Avraamiev Epiphany Monastery.

Cities of the Golden Ring of Russia – Sergiev Posad

Historically important buildings of Russian culture were not even erected in the 18th century, but were built throughout the 14th-17th centuries. That is, the Trinity Cathedral and the Lavra ensemble built around it are one of the oldest historical buildings in Russia.


It is also worth visiting such sights of Sergiev Posad as the Assumption Cathedral and the Spiritual Church.

Cities of the Golden Ring of Russia - Yaroslavl

It is the oldest of the cities that were built on the banks of the great Russian river Volga. The main and oldest attraction of this place is called the Spassky Monastery, namely the Transfiguration Cathedral.



It was erected at the beginning of the 15th century. Also an important monument of ancient Russian culture is the Church of the Prophet Elijah.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

This city is one of best places for creative people, as it is located on the shore beautiful lake Pleshcheyevo. The city is very rich in various monasteries, for example: Nikolsky, Feodorovsky, Sretensky Novodevichy, Nikitsky and Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery.


Diversity is also represented in the form of many museums of architecture, artistic activity and economic culture Ancient Rus'.

Ivanovo

This city, like no other, reflects the revolutionary history of Russia. The number of monuments is amazing, as their number is second only to the capital and St. Petersburg. Ivanovo is also famous for its developed textile infrastructure.


The oldest sights of the city are the Shchudrovskaya tent, erected in the 17th century, and the Assumption Church, made not of stone, but of wood, built at the end of the same century, but, unfortunately, it burned down in 2015.

Cities of the Golden Ring of Russia - Suzdal

The peculiarity and highlight of this city, undoubtedly, is architectural complex Suzdal Kremlin. It is believed that the Kremlin itself was built in the 10th century and is called the most the oldest building cities.


The Kremlin ensemble consists of such landmarks as St. Nicholas Church, Bishops' Chambers and the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin.

Kostroma

The city preserves the memory of the reign of Catherine II, in the form of a construction plan approved by the empress. The main attractions of Kostroma are the ensembles of the famous Ipatievsky monastery and Susaninskaya Square.



The first complex includes the chambers of the Romanovs themselves, as well as the Trinity Cathedral, the Belfry, the Bishops' and Brothers' buildings, the walls and turrets of the Old City. By the way, here all year round you can visit the Terem and the Snow Maiden’s Residence, which all the children are delighted with.

Cities of the Golden Ring of Russia - Vladimir

Undoubtedly, this city can be called holy. Since the number of white stone structures is quite large. The main attractions of Vladimir are the Golden Gate and the Assumption Cathedral. And also the no less important white stone Dmitrievsky Cathedral.



The cities of the Golden Ring of Russia reflect the culture and spirit of Ancient Rus'. To appreciate and feel the greatness of Russian history, you need to personally visit each of these eight cities.

For many years this route has been one of the most attractive not only for foreigners who decide to visit this huge country, but also for Russians who want to get to know the history and culture of their homeland better. Which cities are included in the Golden Ring of Russia? Where did this term come from? What are its main attractions? We will tell you further in order.

How did the term “Golden Ring” come about?

The author of this term 50 years ago was the Soviet journalist Yuri Bychkov. One day he decided to visit those cities of Russia in which, as he considered, the most significant sights of the country, both cultural and historical, were preserved. The journalist’s journey began from Moscow to Zagorsk, which is now called Sergiev Posad, and continued in Pereslavl-Zalessky, then in Rostov the Great, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo and Suzdal. And the last point of the route before returning to Moscow was the city of Vladimir.

Returning home, Bychkov created a series of essays about these places with a rich cultural and historical heritage, published in 1967, to which he gave the name “Golden Ring”. He named his route that way for a reason: if you connect these cities with lines on the map, you will get a solid loop, reminiscent of a ring. Bychkov’s essays attracted the attention of the authorities, who took advantage of the journalist’s experience and laid out a tourist route through the cities described, giving it this apt name. And, I must say, the idea turned out to be very successful: a ticket to the Golden Ring tour in those years was very difficult to get - this circular route turned out to be so popular both among Soviet citizens and among foreign tourists.

So, to summarize: as we have already found out, the Golden Ring of Russia includes the following 8 cities:

This is a classic version of the circular route, the so-called Small Golden Ring of Russia. Small because subsequently, in order to expand tour operator activities and increase tourism income, other cities of the ancient Vladimir-Suzdal principality began to be included in this route, for example, Bogolyubovo, Martynovo, Alexandrov, Uglich, Tver, Myshkin and others. The extended route was called the Great Golden Ring of Russia. Travel agencies offer different routes with a different set of cities, and there are about 20 of them in total. Moreover, the addition of cities continues to this day: in 2016, the idea was approved to include the city of Kaluga in the Great Golden Ring of Russia.

Let's now walk through the cities of the classic Golden Ring of Russia and their main attractions, which everyone should definitely see.

Sergiev Posad

You can get to Sergiev Posad from Moscow in just an hour and a half, and to see the main attractions, one day is enough: the city cannot be called large, its population is just over one hundred thousand people, but in the 15th century it was the cultural and political center State of Moscow.

Here you should definitely look at the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, around which the town itself was subsequently built. It is connected with many historical figures: it was founded by Sergius of Radonezh, Ivan the Terrible was baptized in it, and it also served as a refuge for Peter I, who was hiding in the monastery during the Streletsky revolt.

In addition to the Lavra, it will be interesting to look at Krasnogorskaya Square located opposite it with colorful shopping arcades decorated in the “Russian” style, and also visit the Toy Museum.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

And here is the birthplace of Alexander Nevsky himself and the city where one of the first white-stone churches in Rus' appeared - the Transfiguration Cathedral of the 12th century. And it’s not for nothing that the city’s coat of arms depicts two vendace, because Pereslavl stands on the shores of Lake Pleshcheevo, where this remarkable fish was caught right for the royal table.

A visit to the local Steam Locomotive Museum will also be an interesting experience, and those who want to see a monument to the pagan culture of Rus' should go not far outside the city and visit the Blue Stone, shrouded in ancient secrets and legends.

Rostov Veliky

We have finally reached the most popular destination that the Small Golden Ring of Russia can boast of - Rostov the Great, one of the oldest cities in Russia and an important cultural and historical center, on the territory of which there are more than 300 cultural monuments. But, despite the name, this city is very small, with a population of only 30 thousand people.

A must-see is the Rostov Kremlin, which is distinguished by its decorative appearance among other similar buildings in the country. By the way, it was here that some scenes from the popular Soviet film “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession” were filmed. There are really a lot of monasteries here: among them are Spaso-Yakovlevsky, Abrahamievo-Epiphany and Borisoglebsky, but besides them you can be distracted by the famous museum of Rostov enamel.

Yaroslavl

Distinguished by as many as 140 cultural attractions ancient city Yaroslavl, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There really are a lot of churches here! In particular, we suggest taking a look at the Spaso-Preobrazhensky and Tolgsky monasteries - on the territory of the latter you can also look at the beautiful cedar forest, where 193 cedars grow.

The chapel of Our Lady of Kazan and the Church of John the Baptist, founded in the 17th century and also the largest in the city, also attract attention. Here you can also visit the Museum of Music and Time and the Einstein Museum.

Kostroma

Next, the Golden Ring of Russia leads us to Kostroma. It stands on the banks of the Volga, so historically its entire layout was built in relation to the river, representing a radial grid of streets - Catherine II herself decided to make the city resemble a fan. During its existence, Kostroma experienced many events, including two fires - one was set by the Rostov prince Konstantin, the other by the troops of the Mongol-Tatars.

Now the main attraction of the city is the Ipatiev Monastery - a key historical monument, which includes the Trinity Cathedral, the Belfry, the Romanov Chambers, as well as the Bishops' and Fraternal Corps. Don’t forget to look at the monument to Ivan Susanin, the savior of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich.

Ivanovo

If other cities of the Golden Ring of Russia may be unfamiliar to you, then you have probably heard about Ivanovo - in the sense that it is generally called the “city of brides”. This statement dates back to ancient times, when light industry, in particular textile, developed in the city, where mostly women worked, and was aggravated by the Great Patriotic War, when the male population decreased significantly.

But the city itself also has other distinctive features and attractions: visit the Vvedensky Monastery, museums of industry and art, as well as the museum of the famous Ivanovo chintz. The Horseshoe House, the Ship House, as well as the Shchudrovskaya Tent - a workshop and one of the oldest stone buildings - will attract attention.

Suzdal

Next we move on to the city of Suzdal with a population of 10 thousand people, standing on the Kamenka River. Archaeological research has shown that it began to be built back in the 10th century - and even now it looks like a real ancient Russian city, so it will leave an impression on itself for a long time. Although it is considered provincial, it is not lacking in charm and beauty.

Arriving in Suzdal, you can’t help but look at the Suzdal Kremlin, which is about a thousand years old. And there is no need to even talk about the lack of monasteries here - there are a ton of them here: Pokrovsky, Aleksandrovsky, Vasilievsky, etc. Be sure to stroll through the shopping arcades to look at such traditional things as a kokoshnik, an embroidered tablecloth and a Russian shirt.

Vladimir

And the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia end with the popular tourist center- Vladimir with a huge cultural heritage- there are more than 200 historical monuments protected by the state. During your trip, we recommend that you definitely take a look at such sights as the Assumption Cathedral with frescoes by Andrei Rublev, Dmitrievsky Cathedral with unique bas-reliefs and decorative carvings, as well as local triumphal arch- the fortress Golden Gate, and the house-museum of the Stoletov merchants.

Find out more about the Great Golden Ring of Russia, its secrets and various Interesting Facts you can by watching this video:

 

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