Extracurricular activity Seven Wonders of the World. Extracurricular event "new wonders of the world." Course of extracurricular activities

Teacher's opening speech.

Egyptian pyramids.

Pyramids - the majestic tombs of the pharaohs - seem to grow out of the desert sands. The oldest of them, the pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser, is the world's first stone structure of such enormous size (its height is 60 meters). But the Cheops pyramid, which had stood for almost five thousand years, rose to a height of 147 meters. The blocks of this great pyramid were so carefully polished and fitted one to another that it was impossible to insert a knife blade into the gap between them.

Temple of Artemis of Ephesus.

According to legend, the construction of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus lasted 120 years, and all the states of Asia Minor took part in it. The light, elegant marble building aroused admiration and surprise of everyone who happened to see it.

Halicarnassus Mausoleum.

The architects conceived the tomb of King Mausolus as a rectangular building about 66 meters wide, about 77 meters long and 46 meters high. It was decided to place the mausoleum (as similar structures later began to be called after King Mausolus) in the center of Halicarnassus, on one of the widest streets of the city, rising above the market square.

Alexandrian lighthouse.

Not far from the city, on the island of Faros, the world's largest lighthouse was built - a three-story tower about 180 meters high. The third floor was a lantern round shape, it was crowned with a bronze statue of the god of the seas, Poseidon, 7 meters high. The light of the lighthouse burned in the lantern, the light of which was amplified by a system of metal mirrors.

The creator of this miracle was Sostratus of Cnidus. The lighthouse stood until the 14th century. By that time, much destroyed, it still aroused admiration. The remains of the high pedestal have survived to this day, but they are not accessible to archaeologists and architects, since they are built into a powerful medieval fortress.

Hanging Gardens Semiramis.

During the brilliant time of its existence, the city of Babylon was a quadrangle surrounded by high walls with 100 gates, through which the Euphrates River flows diagonally. Babylon, with its beauty and wealth, amazed everyone who happened to visit there.

But more than anything else, they were amazed by the wonderful hanging gardens, laid out at the palace by order of King Nebuchadnezzar for his beloved wife, the Mysian princess Amytis, who yearned for the shady forests of her homeland. The gardens were located on platforms raised on powerful pillars. The tiers of the gardens were made of ledges, they were connected by wide staircases made of white and pink slabs. Facing the cool wind, which usually blew from the northwest, the gardens - their aroma, shade and coolness - in treeless Babylon seemed like a miracle to people. Even after the destruction of Babylon and the Hanging Gardens, the legend about them continued to live.

The Colossus of Rhodes.

Having won in 305 BC. The inhabitants of Rhodes decided to commemorate the victory over the famous commander Demetrius, who was besieging Rhodes, by erecting a giant bronze statue of the sun god Helios, the patron saint of the island. The choice of the Rhodians fell on the sculptor Chares. The work lasted 12 years. Hares erected a statue of unprecedented height - 70 cubits (about 35 meters).

In 220 BC. Rhodes was subjected to devastating earthquake, many people died under the rubble of buildings. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder, who lived in the 1st century AD, having visited the island, wrote that even now, when the Colossus lies on the ground, it evokes surprise and admiration. Not every person can wrap both hands around the statue’s thumb.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia, sculpted by Phidias.

Olympian Zeus, sitting on the throne, his head almost touched the ceiling of the temple. It is believed that the statue rose 17 meters in height. From sparkling gold, the great Greek sculptor Phidias made the clothes of Zeus, the precious crown on his head, the clothes and victory wreath of the goddess Nike, which Zeus held in his hand. He sculpted the torso, head of Zeus and the goddess Nike from ivory, which gave an almost living warmth to the sculptural image

Elena Viktorovna Malaykova
Open educational event for children in the pre-school cognitive development group “Seven Wonders of the World”

An open educational event for children in the pre-school group on cognitive development.

Subject « Seven Wonders of the Ancient World»

Program content:Introduce children with the world cultural and natural heritage humanity. Show and tell children about the great heritage and famous monuments of art and architecture that have come down to us from time immemorial, in different parts of our planet.

Materials: Presentation « Seven wonders of the world»

Methodology.

Educator: I suggest we all go on a journey to all the continents of the planet, across the seas and islands, on a journey where we will learn about wonders of the ancient world.

The teacher turns on the presentation and uses it to tell the children about wonders of the world and demonstrates amazing illustrations of majestic structures created by man and destroyed by time.

Educator: Everyone put on space helmets and our space flight begins. First stop in Ancient Egypt.

Slide Wonders of the world.

Wonders of the world- this is how in ancient times they called unusual creations of human hands, which amazed contemporaries with their beauty, size, and execution technique.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Egyptian pyramids

Only one of the seven has survived to this day. wonders of the world, the most ancient are the Egyptian pyramids. They served as the tombs of the pharaohs-rulers Ancient Egypt.

Each of the huge pyramids has a name.

The Pyramid of Cheops. Some include here all the pyramids of Egypt, some of the great pyramids of Giza, but for the most part only the largest of them, the Pyramid of Cheops, is perceived as a miracle. The pyramid is also considered the oldest miracle on the list - its construction is estimated to be around 2000 BC. Despite its old age, this is the only building out of 7 old ones wonders of the world, which has survived to our times

Educator: We are moving again in time and space. We all love flowers, and the great ruler created unusual gardens that seem to float in the air.

Slide. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Hanging gardens are gardens that grow elevated high above the ground. Created by order of the king of desert Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar II, for his wife, these gardens were supposed to console her and remind her of her distant homeland. The name of Semiramis, the Assyrian queen, appeared here by mistake, but, nevertheless, was firmly entrenched in history.

Educator: Before continuing our space journey, I suggest everyone do some exercise, since we are all in weightlessness and our body needs a discharge.

Get ready to exercise!

Get ready to exercise! Hand up, hand down! (One straight arm up, the other down, change hands with a jerk.) We repeat the exercise, make faster movements. (Hands in front of chest, jerks with arms.) Once, we’ll bend forward, Two, we’ll bend back. And bends to the sides. We will do it. (Bends forward, backward and to the sides.) We will do squats again together. One, two, three, four, five, Who started to lag behind? (Squats.) We'll start walking (Walk in place.) And we'll start the lesson again.

Educator: Everyone has warmed up and let’s move on.

Slide "The Temple of Artemis of Ephesus is real home gods, built on earth" In the ancient large port city of Ephesus, the goddess of fertility Artemis was especially revered. In honor of her, a huge and majestic temple was created here, which was included in the list of 7 ancient wonders of the world.

Educator: Before us is the most important of all the gods of the Ancient World.

"Olympian Zeus" The statue was created for a temple in a large religious center Ancient Greece- Olympia. The giant Zeus struck the sculptor Phidias local residents so much so that they decided that Zeus himself personally posed for the master.

MAUSOLEUM IN HELICARNASUS.

The rich king Mausolus wished to erect a mausoleum-temple in Halicarnassus, incomparable in beauty. The best craftsmen of that time worked on the construction. The work ended only after the death of Mavsol, but this did not prevent him from going down in history forever.

Educator: Before us is the Colossus of Rhodes. Why do you think it stands in the harbor between the two shores?

Children: It serves as a lighthouse for ships.

Colossus of Rhodes In honor of the great victory, the inhabitants of Rhodes decided to build a huge statue of the god Helios. The plan was carried out, but this miracle did not last long, and was soon destroyed by an earthquake.

Educator: I suggest doing one more exercise to warm up.

One two three four five! (We walk in place.) We all know how to count. (Clap our hands.) We also know how to relax. (Jumping in place.) Let's put our hands behind our backs, (Hands behind your back.) Let's raise our heads higher (Raise their heads higher.) And let's breathe easily. (Deep inhalation and exhalation.) Pull yourself up on your toes – As many times, Exactly as many times as there are fingers. (They showed how many fingers there are on their hands.) On your hand. (We rise on our toes 7 times.)

Educator: How many times have we risen on our tiptoes, That’s right and so many wonders of the world. And another miracle awaits us ahead.

PHAROS LIGHTHOUSE For navigation of ships nearby major port In Alexandria, it was decided to build the largest lighthouse at that time. The building immediately eclipsed the walls of Babylon and took a place on the list of seven wonders of the ancient world.

Slide Questions to consolidate acquired knowledge.

Educator:

Question 1: Which of the seven Wonders of the World has it survived to this day?

A) Faros lighthouse

B) Egyptian pyramids

B) Colossus of Rhodes

Question 2: What is the name of the most great pyramid in Egypt?

A) Cheops

B) Djoser

B) Khafre

Question 3: In which city were the Hanging Gardens of Babylon built?

A) in Cairo

B) in Babylon

B) in Alexandria

Question 6: Why are gardens called "hanging".?

A) Grow on trees;

B) Grow in the sky;

C) Grow on terraces at a height of 40 meters from the ground

Question 7: What natural disaster destroyed the Hanging Gardens?

A) Earthquake

B) Flood

B) Tsunami

Question 8: What was Artemis the goddess of?

A) the sun

B) Beauty

B) Fertility, hunting

Seven new wonders. the great Wall of China

Roman Coliseum

Petra in Jordan

Statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro

Machu Picchu in Peru

Chichen Itza in Mexico

Taj Mahal Mausoleum in India

The first great journey into the past has come to an end next time we take a journey through wonders of the world of our time

Publications on the topic:

Summary of direct educational activities on cognitive development in the preparatory school group on the topic: “International.

Summary of educational activities on cognitive development for children of the preparatory school group “Travel with Aibolit”"Travel with Aibolit." Objectives: Educational: -To clarify and consolidate children’s knowledge about transport (land, air, water); let down.

Summary of educational activities for cognitive development in the preparatory school group “Rainbow Fairy Tale” Topic: Rainbow fairy tale Purpose: creating conditions for assimilation and consolidation of the material being studied. Objectives: introduce the number and number 7, method.

Summary of the club hour in the GPD, grades 3-4

You've probably heard more than once about the seven wonders of the world. Can you list them? If yes, then great. But, if you don’t yet know anything about the wonders of the world, don’t be upset, because today we’ll talk about them, and you have a lot of new and interesting things to learn. And first, let's think about why there are seven miracles, and not five or ten... The number “seven” is considered sacred among many peoples. The ancient Greeks counted seven of the most beautiful and grandiose monuments created by human hands, which amazed their contemporaries with their beauty, size and technique.

Listen carefully, remember, at the end of the lesson we will conduct a quiz “Seven Wonders of the World”.

1. Pyramids

(Demonstration of an illustration depicting an Egyptian pyramid.)

The Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the seven wonders that have come down to us, have always been considered the greatest miracle. “Everything in the world is afraid of time, but time is afraid of the pyramids,” said the Arabs who conquered Egypt. What do you know about Egyptian pyramids? (Children's answers.)

The pyramids were of colossal height and took decades to build; thousands of people worked on the construction of these grandiose structures. The pyramid was a symbol of the power of the pharaoh and his authority; it was honored as a deity. The pyramids served as tombs (burial places) of the pharaohs - the rulers of Ancient Egypt. Each of the huge pyramids bears the name of the pharaoh buried in it (for example, the pyramid of Cheops). The pyramids were built on the western bank of the Nile River, on the very border of the fertile river valley and the desert. Why here? Because the Egyptians considered the west a land of death: they thought that in the west the sun dies every evening, setting behind the horizon. Scientists are still arguing about how these buildings were built. huge structures. The very first pyramid - Djoser - has a length of 129 m, a width of 107 m, and a height of 60 m. It was built almost 5 thousand years ago, when people did not yet know wheels and transported huge stone blocks on sleds. The Pyramid of Cheops consists of 2 million 300 thousand stone slabs weighing from 2 to 30 tons. The pyramids took a long time to build, their construction began almost immediately after the pharaoh ascended the throne.

2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Another miracle was the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in the palace of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. The history of the creation of these gardens is interesting. When Nebuchadnezzar II took as his wife the beautiful Semiramis, the daughter of the king mountainous country Media, Semiramis began to yearn for her homeland. After all, noisy and dusty Babylon was completely different from her beautiful homeland. Nebuchadnezzar loved his wife and decided to do everything to dispel her sadness. On his orders, thousands of prisoners captured in the recent war were herded into the city. They began to erect a four-story stone building next to the palace. On each floor they poured a layer of fertile soil and planted flowers and trees. The floors were connected to each other by stairs. A special water-lifting device was made to water the gardens. The entire structure was supported by powerful columns, and from a distance it seemed as if the beautiful gardens were hanging right in the air. That's why they were called the Hanging Gardens. But, unfortunately, this wonder of the world lasted only about two centuries. First, they stopped caring for the gardens, then powerful floods destroyed the foundation of the columns, and the entire structure collapsed. Thus one of the wonders of the world perished. Their only trace is a network of trenches near the capital of Iraq, in sections of which traces of dilapidated masonry are still visible.

3. Temple of Artemis of Ephesus

The most famous of ancient Greek miracles- a giant temple of the goddess of hunting Artemis. It was built in the 6th century. BC e. V trading city Ephesus on west coast Asia Minor. Unusual place was chosen for construction - a swamp. The fact is that in those days earthquakes were quite common, and the architect Hersifron decided that the soft, swampy soil would protect the temple from destruction. And to prevent the swamp from swallowing up the huge building, the pit under it was filled with a mixture of wool and charcoal. The temple amazed with its splendor and enormous size. It was a rectangular building made of stone and wood, the roof of which was supported by two rows of columns, and there were 127 of them in total. The fate of the Temple of Artemis was sad. He died in the fire. It was set on fire by Herostratus, who wanted to become famous at any cost. A new one was built on the site of the burnt temple. But it was subsequently destroyed, and its remains were swallowed up by the swamp.

4. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

About 1800 years ago, another great monument was built in the same place, in Asia Minor - the tomb of King Mausolus (hence the word “mausoleum”) in Halicarnassus. In those distant times, many peoples had the custom of burning their dead. The body of King Mavsol was burned, and the ashes were placed in a special vessel - a funeral urn. We do not know whether his wife Artemisia wanted to perpetuate the memory of her husband and ordered the construction of a magnificent tomb, or mausoleum, which began to be built during the lifetime of the king, who himself took care of how and where he would be buried.

One way or another, the mausoleum was built of brick and lined with white marble inside and out. Its height reached 60 m (the height of a modern 20-story building). The building had an unusual shape: the first floor was a cube 20 m high, where the urn with the ashes of Mausolus rested. On the second floor, in a vault surrounded by a magnificent colonnade, sacrifices took place. And the construction was crowned with a multi-stage pyramid with a statue of Mausolus and Artemisia. The king and his wife were depicted driving a quadriga - four horses harnessed to a chariot.

In 1522, the mausoleum was dismantled by the crusaders, who strengthened their fortress with its slabs. It was within the walls of the fortress and surrounding houses that reliefs from the tomb, statues of Mausolus and his wife Artemisia, were discovered in 1857.

5. Colossus of Rhodes

Off the coast of Asia Minor in the Aegean Sea there is the island of Rhodes. In 304 BC. e. the inhabitants of the island decided to erect a statue of the sun god Helios, their patron, in honor of the victory over the enemy.

The sculptor Hares and his assistants worked for 12 years, and finally an amazing picture was revealed to the inhabitants of the island. On the square at the entrance to the harbor stood a gigantic, about 35 m tall, figure of the Sun God. She was so huge that not every person would have been able to clasp a finger on the giant’s hand. The statue of the god towered over Rhodes and was visible to those floating already from neighboring islands. The fame of the Colossus of Rhodes, and the word “colossus” means “large statue,” quickly spread throughout the Mediterranean. Travelers from different countries. However, 50 years after the creation of the statue, an earthquake occurred. The legs of the statue broke and it fell to the ground, breaking into many pieces.

Parts of the bronze figure of the Sun God lay in the ground for centuries. Later, one of the rulers of those places sold the remaining parts of the statue, which were transported from the country on nine hundred camels. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was melted down, and, as many historians believed, nothing remained of this wonder of the world. However, more recently, submarine archaeologists discovered the right hand of Helios at the bottom of the harbor.

6. Faros Lighthouse

Everyone is familiar with the word “headlight” - a powerful car lamp equipped with a light reflector. But not everyone knows that this word comes from the name of the island of Pharos in the Mediterranean Sea. A lighthouse was built on this island, the light of which was visible at a distance of 60 km. The height of the Faros, or Alexandria, lighthouse, since it was located near Alexandria of Egypt, was 135 m. A fire was constantly burning in the upper part of the lighthouse. Fuel for the fire was delivered to the summit along a gently sloping spiral staircase on donkeys. Probably, the lighthouse used devices to enhance the light (metal mirrors or lenses made of transparent polished stone). The lighthouse was also a fortress in case of siege. A large garrison could fit within its walls, and inside the tower there was a reservoir with drinking water. There were no such buildings in any harbor in the world, so the lighthouse on the island of Faros was called one of the wonders of the world.

The lighthouse was destroyed almost to the ground by a strong earthquake in May 1100. Its debris fell into the sea. Currently, only the base of the lighthouse, built into the medieval fortress, has been preserved.

7. Temple of Zeus

The favorite spectacle of the ancient Greeks was Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia in southern Greece and were dedicated to the supreme Greek god Zeus. The main shrine of Olympia was the Temple of Zeus, built in 456 BC. e. The temple housed a statue of Zeus sitting on a throne. This statue was created by the famous sculptor Phidias. The height of the statue reached 17 m. The figure of Zeus was made of wood, and parts from other materials were attached to this base using bronze and iron nails and special hooks. The face, hands and other parts of the body were made of ivory. Ivory was not chosen by chance, because it is quite close in color to human skin. The hair, beard, cloak and sandals were made of gold, and the eyes were made of precious stones. Zeus, as if alive, sat on the throne. This work of Phidias was considered the embodiment of beauty. Subsequently, the statue of Zeus was transported from Olympia to Constantinople (now the Turkish city of Istanbul), but there was a fire there. All that remained of the magnificent Olympian Zeus were a few charred bone plates and pieces of molten gold.

Our contemporaries know what this work of art looked like from small figurines and images on coins found by archaeologists.

And now a quiz on the topic “Seven Wonders of the World”.

1. Burial place of Egyptian pharaohs. (Pyramid.)

2. A structure built by the Babylonian king for his wife. (Hanging Gardens of Babylon.)

3. What was unusual about the place chosen for the construction of the temple of the ancient Greek goddess Artemis? (It was a swamp.)

4. Who destroyed the Temple of Artemis? (Herostrat.)

5. Why is the statue of Zeus, created by the famous ancient Greek sculptor Phidias, called Olympian Zeus? (This statue was in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.)

6. Why, despite the fact that the statue of Olympian Zeus has not survived to this day, do we know what it looked like? (Since she was depicted on coins and in figurines found by archaeologists at the site of ancient Olympia.)

7. Which modern buildings are associated with the name of the Halicarnassian king Mausolus? (Mausoleums.)

8. What was on top of the structure in which Mausolus was buried? (Statue of Mausolus and his wife Artemisia driving four horses harnessed to a chariot.)

9. The name of a part of a modern car is associated with the name of which island in the Mediterranean Sea? (Pharos Islands.)

10. What other role did the Faros lighthouse serve? (The role of a garrison fortress.)

11.What does the word “colossus” mean? (Large statue.)

12. Where did the statue of the sculptor Chares of the Colossus of Rhodes stand and in whose honor was it built? (This statue was erected in honor of the sun god Helios and was located in the square at the entrance to the harbor of the island of Rhodes in the Aegean Sea.)

Summarizing

Winner's reward ceremony.

SUBJECT. SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD

The purpose of the lesson: 1.Introduce students to the history of the “Seven Wonders of the World”, reveal their uniqueness and significance for the ancient era.

2. Continue developing the skills to work independently with additional literature and analyze it.

3.Continue to develop students’ creative abilities.

4. Foster respect and interest in the cultural diversity of the world, in the history of other peoples.

Progress of the lesson

I Organizational moment

Teacher's story: - Today we have an unusual lesson. We will take a trip to the Seven Wonders of the World.

The first written mention of the “Seven Wonders of the World” is attributed to the Phoenician writer Antipater from Sidon (2nd century BC)

Task for the team: Why did Antipater not take Tower of Babel to the wonders of the world?

Answer: Antipater described in his book only such “miracles” that could still be seen.

Each of the “Seven Wonders of the World” aroused delight and admiration due to its artistic perfection. They combine art and technology in a remarkable way. And only this saved them from oblivion.

You and I will try to travel to an ancient era distant from us and reveal all the secrets of these amazing creations created by human hands.

First competition.

Assignment: Guess what wonder of the world we are talking about. Each team is given its own task. After each hint from the presenter, the number of points is reduced.

* Statement 1:(Hanging Gardens of Babylon)

This wonder of the world was located in one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in the world.

Hints: 1. Scientists still do not know exactly in which part of the city IT was located.

2. IT is named after one queen, but was built for another.

3.Neither the fortress walls nor the 7-step tower of this city could compare with HIM in beauty.

4. To everyone who saw this miracle, it seemed as if IT was hanging in the air

*Statement2: (Temple of Artemis)

This wonder of the world was built twice.

Hints: 1. In the place where IT was located, only a small swampy lake remained.

2. It was decorated with 127 marble columns.

3. IT was both a museum and a repository for the treasures of rich people of that time.

4. IT was located

*Statement3(Zeus statue)

It seemed to everyone who looked at it that IT was alive.

Hints: 1. HIS image is on ancient coins.

2. Many plates of gold and ivory went into its decoration.

3. WITH HIM there was always a winged goddess - Nike.

4. IT depicted the supreme Greek god.

*Statement4(The Pyramid of Cheops)

This miracle of the Ancient World aroused awe and fear among people.

Hints: 1. The highest of the wonders of the world.

2. This wonder of the world has a regular geometric shape.

3. IT has a complex system of labyrinths.

4. IT has survived to this day.

*Statement5(Mausoleum in Halicarnassus)

It's a miracle light-temple king, grandiose and extraordinarily beautiful

Hints: 1. At the foot of the gigantic structure stood, as if alive, marble sculptures of horsemen and figures of sitting and lying lions.

2. The pyramidal roof of the temple was crowned with a quadriga.

3. One Roman poet called this temple “a monument to selfless love.”

4. The temple was built by Greek architects Satyr and Pytheas on the orders of the king and his wife.

* Statement b(Faros lighthouse)

Thanks to this miracle of the world, many human lives were saved.

Hints: 1. From the name of the island where IT was located, the word “headlight” appeared in the Russian language.

2. At the top of this beautiful building there was a huge statue of Poseidon. IT had a complex system of mirrors.

3. During the day IT was more beautiful, but at night it was more necessary for all seafarers arriving in Alexandria.

*Statement7(The Colossus of Rhodes)

This giant statue stood at the entrance to the harbor of a Greek island.

Hints: 1. The creation of the bronze giant lasted about 12 years.

2. This statue was visible from the neighboring islands.

3. IT collapsed during an earthquake.

4. This giant statue of Helios on the island of Rhodes.

Second competition.

Assignment: Name as many concepts as possible related to the name of each wonder of the world. It is advisable to use only nouns. Teams answer verbally, one at a time.

For example: Pyramid-Cheops, treasures, stone slabs. Mausoleum - temple, staircase, columns, mausoleum, frieze.

Third competition

quiz

Fourth competition

Put the puzzle together. Name what is shown in the picture

Fifth competition

test

fan competition

WATCH THE VIDEO “Seven New Wonders of the World”

Summing up the results of each team's competition based on the number of points.

Final words from the teacher.

So our journey has ended, which allowed us to get acquainted with the “Seven Wonders of the World”. We visited a distant ancient world, which allowed us to come into contact with amazing creations of architecture and art. Thanks to the team captains and all the competition participants for the interesting material and active participation in this busy journey.

Developmental event on the theme “7 Wonders of the World”

Hello guys!

Today the topic of our meeting will be very unusual. What else do we call everything unusual? (answers) Yes, unusual is magical, fabulous or... wonderful! Today we will talk about miracles. Have you heard the expression “wonders of the world”? Or maybe you remember how many wonders of the world there are? Of course there are seven of them! After all, seven is a magical, wonderful number in itself. (Presentation splash screen - 1 slide)

(Agnes Voskresenskaya “7 Wonders of the World”)

We were once given an assignment at school

Write a story about the 7 Wonders of the World.

And everyone immediately started talking about different countries,

Palaces, pyramids, gardens to remember.

Beautiful temples, wonderful buildings,

built by people for thousands of years

Huge walls, great knowledge

They left a mark on our history.

The name itself "Seven Wonders of the World" invented by the ancient Greeks in the second century BC. e. That is, now we are in the 21st century, and the seven wonders of the world arose 23 centuries ago, that’s how much older they are than us! The ancient Greeks called the most famous structures and statues in antiquity the “Seven Wonders of the World.” But most of the architecture of antiquity, unfortunately, has not survived to our time: partly it was destroyed by natural disasters, and partly by man himself. So what did ancient people consider the wonders of the world? Maybe some of you know these 7 miracles?

1. Egyptian pyramids(2 slide)

2. Hanging Gardens(3 slide)

3. Zeus Statue(4 slide)

4. Temple of Artemis(5 slide)

5. mausoleum in Halicarnassus(6 slide)

6. The Colossus of Rhodes (7 slide)

7. Alexandrian lighthouse(8 slide)

1. Egyptian pyramids

The pyramids of Egypt are the only ones of the “Seven Wonders of the World” that have survived to this day and continue to delight visitors with their grandeur and beauty. (9 slide)

The pyramids stand in an ancient cemetery in the Egyptian city of Giza, on the banks of the Nile River. Archaeologists believe that it was possible that one of these pyramids, the Great Pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops, took 20 years and a man to build. (10 slide video) And if it were built today, it would be much faster. Using modern technical means, a team of 450 people would have taken about 6 years to build a similar pyramid, and $11.5 billion would have been spent. The Pyramid of Cheops was built from more than 2 million stone blocks, each of which weighed at least 2.5 tons. (11 slide) Workers not only pulled them to the construction site manually, using only ramps and levers, but also adjusted them to each other, without mortar. The blocks were so tightly fitted to each other that it was impossible to insert even a knife blade between them from the outside. Upon completion of the work, the Great Pyramid rose 147 meters (which is equal to the height of almost ten 5-story houses). Base side Great Pyramid reaches 230 meters. She takes more area than nine football fields. (12 slide – video)

Why do you think the pyramids were built? In ancient times, the Egyptians believed that after the death of a person (and especially a pharaoh), his remains should be preserved in the form of a mummy so that the spirit could continue to live after death. For these purposes, the priests turned the body of a deceased person into a mummy. (13 slide) The mummy was placed in a sarcophagus, and clothes, jewelry, and various things that, in their opinion, could be useful for the afterlife, were buried with it. The mummy of Pharaoh Cheops was placed in a burial chamber in the heart of his pyramid . (14 slide)

The Pyramid of Cheops is just one of several majestic structures that can still be seen with your own eyes in Egypt today. And all together these pyramids are the first wonder of the world. (15, 16 slides)

2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Guys, what do you imagine when you hear the phrase “hanging gardens”? (answers) Yes, and I also imagine fruits and flowers, waterfalls, gardens hanging from the walls of the palace, exotic animals... (17 slide) An amazing picture, but even more amazing to know that this wonder of the world may never have existed except in the imagination of Greek poets and historians! It is assumed that the Hanging Gardens were located near the city of Baghdad, in Iraq, and were a pyramid consisting of four tiers - platforms. On them lay a thick carpet of fertile soil, where seeds of various herbs, flowers, shrubs, and trees were planted. The pyramid resembled an ever-blooming green hill. Inside this pyramid there were columns and stairs, as well as special pipes for irrigation. (18 slide – video)

These gardens are also known as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. It's a beautiful name, isn't it? Let's imagine who this Semiramis could be? Of course, such a beautiful name could only belong to the queen! (19 slide) Semiramis was the wife of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, who gave these gardens to his queen.

3. Statue Zeus Olympian

In the 5th century BC. e. The citizens of Olympia decided to build a temple of Zeus, the main ancient god. (20 slide) The construction of the temple took about 10 years, but there was not a single worthy statue of Zeus himself, although one was necessary. And then the sculptor Phidias and his assistants got to work: first of all, they created a wooden frame that was supposed to serve as the backbone of the statue of Zeus. After this, they covered the frame with ivory plates, representing the skin of the god. Then, under heavy security, precious stones and 200 kg of pure gold were brought into the temple at the feet of the statue. According to modern prices, the cost of gold alone, which was used to decorate the statue, was about $8 million. Workers hid the joints so that the completed statue looked like a monolithic figure. (21 slides)

The base of the statue was 6 meters wide and 1 meter high. The height of the entire statue together with the pedestal was, according to various sources, from 12 to 17 meters. ( Show the dimensions using a visual example: Let's imagine: your height is approximately 1.5 meters, which means Zeus was approximately 9 times tall (or using the leader's height as an example). Width of the base - using the example of a hall, etc.) (22 slide) Platforms for spectators were built along the walls so that people, having climbed onto them, could see the face of God. After completion of construction, the statue remained one of the greatest miracles Sveta. (23 slide videos)

3. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

And in the name of the next wonder of the world there is another beautiful female name. Let's imagine some more, who could this Artemis be? She was the Greek goddess of the hunt, (slide 24) mistress of nature, protector of wild animals, also called Diana. Temple of Artemis, i.e. a temple built in honor of this goddess (slide 25) was the most big temple ancient world and was located in the city of Ephesus, on the territory modern Turkey. It consisted of 127 marble columns, each 20 meters high, each of these columns was a gift from one of the Greek kings. (slide 26 – video) The Temple of Artemis was used not only for religious ceremonies. It was both the financial and business center of Ephesus. (slide 27)

The temple was richly decorated with sculpture, paintings and jewelry, but was later destroyed. In the mid-19th century, archaeologists began searching for the city of Ephesus and the Temple of Artemis. After many years of unsuccessful excavations, an English archaeologist finally managed to discover the foundation of the temple under a six-meter thick layer of earth. (slide 28) And at the beginning of the 20th century, the treasures of Artemis were also found: 3,000 valuable pearls, earrings, hairpins, brooches, as well as small coins made of an alloy of gold and silver, the oldest examples of coinage that have reached us. The Ephesian finds of archaeologists are now stored in museums in Turkey. Today, only a few foundation blocks and one restored column remain from the temple at Ephesus.

5. Halicarnassus Mausoleum

Guys, we have all heard the word “mausoleum”, but do we know where it came from? For example, I never knew that the word “mausoleum” is associated with the seven wonders of the world and comes from the name of one ancient king Mausolus. (29 slide) Mausolus was the ruler of Caria, an ancient state in modern Turkey. Mausolus was a rich and powerful king and dreamed of a magnificent monument that would remind the world of his wealth and power long after his death. ( slide 30) And then he began to build a tomb for himself, but died before the work was completed. Then his wife continued the business. The tomb was called Mausoleum, after the king, and this word came to mean any impressive and majestic tomb.

The world's first mausoleum, which became the fifth wonder of the world, amazed with its unusual design. (slide 31) At the base of the building there was a tomb, which was guarded by a number of stone lions. Next stood a structure that resembled a Greek temple, surrounded by columns and statues. At the top of the building was a step pyramid. It was crowned, at a height of 43 meters above the ground, by a sculpture - a chariot drawn by horses, in which the king and queen were riding.

Eighteen centuries later, an earthquake destroyed the Mausoleum to the ground. (slide 32) And the remains of the mausoleum are now kept in the British Museum in London.

6. Colossus of Rhodes

Now, guys, let's remember one more word that we all know. What is the name of something very big and grandiose? (answers) Yes, in Russian there is such a word as “colossal”. And it also came from the name of one of the wonders of the world - the Colossus of Rhodes. Let's find out what it is.

Rhodes, (slide 33) guys, this is an island, ancient people who decided to build a statue of the sun god Helios, whom they revered, because according to legend, Helios himself created the island of Rhodes. This is how the statue of Helios appeared, tall and majestic, so it was called the Colossus, i.e. a colossal, grandiose structure .(slide 34) The production of the grandiose monument required 13 tons of bronze and 18 tons of iron. The colossus also gave birth to a kind of fashion for giant statues. The sparkling god was visible many kilometers from Rhodes, and soon rumors about him spread throughout the ancient world. (slide 35 – video) But half a century later, a strong earthquake that destroyed Rhodes knocked the colossus to the ground. The Rhodians tried to raise the colossus. But nothing came of it. The split colossus lay near Rhodes for a thousand years, until an Arab ruler in need of money sold it to a merchant. The merchant, in order to take the colossus to be melted down, cut it into pieces and loaded 900 camels with bronze.

7. Alexandria Lighthouse

Guys, who can tell me what a lighthouse is and why it is needed? (answers) Correct. So is the Alexandria Lighthouse (slide 36) was built to allow ships to safely pass the reefs on their way to the bay. It was the world's first lighthouse, and it stood for 1,500 years. Of course, there was no electricity or spotlights back then, so Alexandria lighthouse fire was used: at night the sailors were helped to find their way by the reflection of the flames, and during the day by a column of smoke at the lighthouse. The lighthouse was built near the shores of Alexandria in the Mediterranean Sea on the small island of Faros, which is why its second name is the Faros Lighthouse. It took 20 years to build it. (slide 37 - video) The Faros lighthouse consisted of three marble towers, and its total height was 120 meters. To keep the lighthouse burning, (slide 38) a large amount of fuel was required. The wood was brought in carts drawn by horses or mules. From ships it was possible to see this lighthouse at a distance of up to 60 km. But several centuries later the lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake.

Here we are at the end of the journey (slide 39) on the seven wonders of the ancient world. These miracles still amaze and inspire. Therefore, let’s finally listen to a short poem about miracles and once again remember their names.

"Seven Wonders of the World"

Laura Evlakhova

They say in this wide world,

Our solar planet

There were only seven miracles

Praised to the skies:

The pyramids are a miracle

They have survived to us.

Miracle two - Semiramis

It’s as if I’ve grown a garden,

Everyone was happy to walk in it.

(Who planted? There is a dispute.

What if Nebuchadnezzar?)

Miracle three and miracle five

You need to look in Turkey:

Temple for Diana in Ephesus

He was wonderful and interesting.

Well, and the royal wife

She is faithful to her husband Mausolus,

Massive tomb

She ordered it to be built nearby.

Where? The answer for the ancestors is clear:

Built in Halicarnassus.

Wonder of the world where are four?

We missed Greece.

Phidias created Zeus

And he sat on the throne

In a city that is happy about sports -

The birthplace of the Olympics.

Miracle Six - Colossus of Rhodes,

How about seven? – Pharos lighthouse.

Tesen ancient world miracles,

But the interest is eternal!

Geography of miracles,

Praised to the skies

Do you remember, friends?

Iran, Egypt, Turkey,

And, of course, Gre-tsi-ya.

(slide 40 with Black Lightning?)

 

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