The largest volcanoes in the world. Large volcanoes of Russia

Volcanoes are cone-shaped or dome-shaped geological formations that appear on the site of earth faults in a zone of seismic activity, through which lava, ash, gas, steam, and various rocks of loose origin erupt to the surface. There are about a thousand volcanoes on our planet, a quarter of them are underwater.

The highest (by the way, dormant and has not erupted for the last 2 million years) is located in the territory South America, on the border of Chile and Argentina - Ojos del Salado (“salty tears”), its height is 6890 meters above sea level, but Russia is not far behind in this regard, a huge accumulation is known on its territory (there are about 129 of them in Kamchatka, 30 of which are active) active and dormant volcanoes, not inferior to their foreign “brothers” either in beauty or in unstable, explosive “temper”.

Together they form a single volcanic belt stretching throughout east coast Kamchatka. Volcanoes are also common in the Caucasus and the coast of the Black and Azov seas, in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, on the territory of the Siberian trap provinces and on Sakhalin.

The largest volcanoes in Russia

(Altitude more than 3000m)

The most famous Russian volcanoes: Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Koryakskaya Sopka, Kronotskaya Sopka, Avachinskaya Sopka, Ichinskaya Sopka, Karymskaya Sopka, Kamen, Ushkovsky, Tolbachik, Shishel, Shiveluch, Zimina Volcano. By the way, the hills on the territory of Transbaikalia and Far East called hills and mountains with a rounded top, in Kamchatka and Kuril Islands That's what volcanoes are called.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka (5000m)

An active stratovolcano (they contain alternating layers of hardened lava and loose rocks) rocks) in the east of Kamchatka - Klyuchevskaya Sopka, has a height of about 5000 meters, this is one of the 12 cones that make up the Klyuchevskaya volcanoes group, they are located 60 km from the coast of the Barents Sea. This is the highest active volcano in Russia and throughout Eurasia. Its shape is a regular cone with a crater diameter of more than 1 km, above which a column of smoke is constantly noticeable and fiery flashes are visible, it is composed of cooled volcanic lava (basaltic and andesite), the upper part is made of loose rocks, the top is covered with glaciers, nearby, in in the village of Klyuchi, there is a volcanological research station. Over more than 300 years of continuous observations, about 50 eruptions were recorded, the most powerful ones being noted in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Stone (4585m)

The extinct ancient stratovolcano Kamen, 4585 m high, is located south of Klyuchevskaya Sopka, between it and the Bezymianny volcano, forming a kind of trio of “friends” visible from everywhere. The structure of this volcano, in contrast to the strict cone-shaped forms of Klyuchevskaya Sopka, is characterized by asymmetry: on its eastern side a sharp four-kilometer cliff is noticeable, like a giant castle soaring to the skies; at the foot, large fragments and blocks of a once monolithic cone-shaped volcano are scattered, their sizes reaching diameter 5-10 meters. Its peak is difficult to access; mountaineering ascents are organized on the western side.

Ushkovsky (3943m)

The active stratovolcano Ushkovsky with a height of 3943 meters has another name - the Far Ploskaya Sopka, is located in the center of Kamchatka, west of the Klyuchevskaya Sopka and belongs to the northern component of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes, as well as mountain system Eastern Ridge, part of the Eastern Volcanic Belt. Together with the nearby volcano called Krestovsky or Near Ploskaya Sopka they form a single volcanic massif. Its shape is an elliptical truncated cone, the top in the form of a caldera (circus-shaped basin) has a diameter of about 5 km and a round shape filled with ice and firn. The last eruptions were at the end of the 19th century (1890).

Tolbachik (3682m)

Tolbachik volcano (3682 m) has a Hawaiian type of eruption (it is characterized by outpourings of liquid basaltic lava, with the formation of lava lakes and flows spreading over many kilometers), it is also part of the southwestern part of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. At a distance of 50-70 km from it there are five settlements(the villages of Klyuchi, Mayskoye, Kozyrevsk, Lazo, Atlasovo with a population of about 8 thousand people living there). It consists of the highest cone called Ostry Tolbachik, a smaller active cone - Flat Tolbachik, and a flat dome. The diameter of the crater is 2 km, the largest of all known eruptions is the Great Tolbachik fissure eruption of 1975, which resulted in the formation of new cinder cones, lava fields and a collapse caldera in place of the crater at the summit.

Ichinskaya Sopka (3621m)

The active stratovolcano Ichinskaya Sopka (3621 meters) in the very center of Kamchatka looks like three cones completely covered with glaciers. One of these cones is an active volcano, which is the second highest peak of the Sredinny Range. The volcano has a complex structure, is in a state of weak fumoral activity (periodic release of hot gases from small cracks and faults), the last eruption was in the 40s of the 18th century.

Kronotskaya Sopka (3528m)

The active (very rare) starovolcano Kronotskaya Sopka (3528 m) is located in the east of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Its top has the appearance of a ribbed cone of regular shape covered with glaciers; at the foot of it grows rare woody vegetation in the form of dwarf cedar and stone birch. Here is one of the most beautiful and scenic spots in the nature of the peninsula, not far from the volcano - Kronotskoye Lake (on the western slope) and the Valley of Geysers (a unique geyser field with numerous outlets of geysers, hot springs, mud pots, thermal areas, waterfalls and lakes).

Koryakskaya Sopka (3456m)

Koryakskaya Sopka (3456 m, until the 19th century it was called Strelochnaya Sopka) is an active stratovolcano belonging to the Avachinsko-Koryaks group of volcanoes, only 35 km from it to the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Its top is a regular truncated ribbed cone, consisting of basalt and andesite scoria, ash and lava; traces of lava flows can be seen in the valleys. The top is located in the zone of glacial deposits, the foot is in thickets of dwarf cedar and stone birch. The last eruptions were at the end of the 50s of the last century.

Zimina Volcano (3119m)

The extinct Zimina Volcano (3119 m) is a complex of stratovolcanoes belonging to the southeastern part of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. Consists of the Bolshoy Zimina volcano ( West Side) and Malaya Zimina or Mountain Tooth ( East End), the highest point in the massif is Oval Zimina. At the top there is a kelder open to the north; the slopes below are composed of pyroclastic rock deposits interspersed with lava.

The word “volcano” comes from the name of the Roman god of fire, Vulcan. In ancient times, volcanoes were called the forges of this god. A volcanic eruption was a sign that the god Vulcan was forging a new weapon.

Today, more than 600 volcanoes are active - most of them are concentrated at the junction of plates - in Kamchatka, in Central America, Chile.
No matter how volcanoes attract the eye, it is necessary not to forget about the immediate danger posed by them. Settlements that are located near the volcano are always prepared for the fact that the eruption may be too strong, and the consequences are unpredictable.

Cotopaxi, Ecuador

Cotopaxi is a volcano located in the Andes. It is the highest active volcano in the world (5897 m) and the second highest peak in Ecuador. Cotopaxi is distinguished by a riot of greenery at its foot and graceful craters. It is also considered one of the most dangerous active volcanoes. There have been more than 50 eruptions since 1738. Its eruptions have caused destruction neighboring city Lakatunga. The volcano has been relatively inactive since 1904. This is what makes Cotopaxi the most popular among climbers, cyclists and tourists.

Popocatepetl, Mexico


Popocatepetl (also called Popo and Don Goyo) is an active volcano in Mexico. It reaches an altitude of 5426 m and is the second highest on top level in the country. Popocatepetl gets its name from the Nahuatl words “popōca” (smoke) and tepētl (“mountain”), which means “Smoking Mountain” and fully lives up to its name. Until the nineties, Popo was a favorite holiday destination - a snowboard center. In 1947, it began a new cycle of activity with a major eruption. Currently, scientists are carefully studying it. Residents of neighboring towns admire the snowy white Mount Popocatépetl for most of the year.

Etna in Sicily


Etna (meaning “mountain of fire” in Arabic) is the highest and most active volcano in Europe (3326 m). More than 200 of its eruptions have been recorded. Interestingly, Etna varies in height from eruption to eruption. For example, it is currently 21.6 m lower than in 1865. Approximately every 150 years, Etna destroys one of the neighboring villages, but despite this, the surrounding areas are densely populated. The fact is that volcanic ash makes the soil fertile. According to latest research Currently, the danger of a massive eruption of Etna is growing. Due to its constant activity, Etna was chosen as the 'Volcano of the Decade' by the UN.

Fujiyama, Japan


Fuji is an active volcano and the most high peak Japan (3776 m). Its last eruption dates back to 1707 and 1708. Fuji is distinguished by its almost perfectly symmetrical cone, clearly visible from Tokyo in clear weather, which is one of the symbols of Japan.

Llaima, Chile


Llayma is the largest and most active volcano in Chile at 3125 m. The name “Llayma” from the Araucanian language (the language of the Mapuche Indians) means “bloody veins” - they resemble streams of hot lava flowing from the volcano. Major eruptions date back to 1994, 2008 and 2009. Eruptions in 2008 forced the evacuation of people from nearby settlements. The ash column of the eruption came to the east and reached Atlantic Ocean in 4 days.

Gunung Merapi, Indonesia


Gurung Merapi (i.e. Mountain of Fire) is an active conical volcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta province of Indonesia. Its height is 2914 m. Merapi is the most active volcano in Indonesia with regular major eruptions every 7 years, and minor ones every 2 years. One of the most destructive eruptions was recorded in 1673, when several cities and many villages at the foot of the volcano were destroyed. In the 19th century, 9 eruptions were recorded, in the first half of the 20th century - 13. Despite the peaceful phases of inactivity, smoke from the top can be observed almost every day. He always reminds residents of the danger.

Piton de la Fournaise, Mascarene Islands Indian Ocean


Piton de la Fournaise is a shield of an active volcano on the Reunion Islands in the Indian Ocean at 2631 m in height. It is currently known as the most active volcano in the world. Since the 17th century, more than 150 volcanic eruptions have been recorded. One of its most recent eruptions lasted almost six months from August 2006 to January 2007. The next eruptions were observed in February 2007, September 2008, and the most recent from January 1 to January 12, 2010. Piton de la Fournaise can be reached via a paved road and this makes it popular among tourists.

Redoubt, Alaska


It is a stratovolcano with a crater located at an altitude of 2700 m. Its most active eruptions in the 20th century date back to 1902, 1966 and 1989. The last eruption in 2009 saw six explosions that sent a plume of ash more than 9 miles into the air. It was the largest volcanic eruption in almost 20 years.

Ruapehu, New Zealand


Ruapehu is an active volcano in New Zealand, height 2797 m. It is considered one of the most active volcano in the world and the largest active volcano in New Zealand. Ruapehu gets its name from the Maori language, in which the word means “explosion abyss”. Last eruption dated September 25, 2007, . Despite the fact that the eruption began, like all previous ones, suddenly, it is often visited by tourists.

Semeru, Java Island


Seven most high mountain on the island of Java and the most active. The height of Semeru is 3676 m. In the crater of the volcano there is a lava lake. Since 1818, there have been about 55 eruptions (10 of which resulted in deaths). The volcano has been continuously active since 1967, spewing plumes of smoke, ash and pyroclastic material at 30-50 minute intervals. Semeru eruptions currently occur mainly in the southern crater of the volcano.


Interesting things on the web

August 18, 2016

Volcanic eruptions have always given rise to catastrophic associations in people's minds...

Boiling hot lava, vast clouds of volcanic ash eclipsing the Sun, dying people and entire cities are the subject of many paintings, books and films. Nowadays, volcanoes with a “bad reputation” that continue to erupt are popular among tourists, thrills. We will tell you about the five most famous active volcanoes on Earth.

Vesuvius

On the conscience of this relatively low (1300 meters above sea level) volcano on the shores of the picturesque Gulf of Naples- two destroyed ancient Roman cities, Pompeii and Herculaneum.



Vesuvius has erupted several times in Italian memory, most recently in 1944. Eruptions were always accompanied by destruction and casualties; in 1805, the city of Naples was even destroyed. However, the area around the volcano is densely populated - volcanic ash fertilizes the ground.

Krakatoa

The only known volcano that managed to be reborn after it destroyed itself. In 1883, the most destructive eruption in the history of mankind occurred at the Krakatoa volcano, located on island of the same name between Java and Sumatra.



The tsunami wave washed away 295 Indonesian cities and villages into the sea, killing 35 thousand people. Both the island of Krakatoa and the volcano itself were destroyed. However, in 1927, the volcano broke through the ocean and declared itself with a new eruption. The new volcano was named Anak Krakatau, and it is believed that it has a serious impact on the climate of the entire Earth. The last activity of the Krakatoa volcano was observed in 2014.

Fujiyama



The Japanese have a peculiar attitude towards Fuji; they do not experience mortal horror, rather the opposite. Followers of the Shinto religion consider Fuji a shrine, a symbol of the immortality of the soul, and even built a temple on its top, next to the post office and meteorological station. Fuji, along with tourists from all over the world, is visited annually by thousands of Shinto pilgrims.

Hekla



Since then, about three dozen significant eruptions have occurred. All are completely different from one another and unpredictable. Some are short, a few days, others can last for months. And the eruption, which began in March 1947, ended only in April 1948. Icelanders believe that the longer the volcano’s “hibernation” lasts, the more catastrophic the consequences of the earthquake will be.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Outside the Caucasus, Klyuchevskaya Sopka is the highest mountain in Russia (4800 meters). And the highest active volcano on the Eurasian continent. Klyuchevskaya Sopka is the most active of Kamchatka's 29 active volcanoes; the last eruption occurred in 2013.



Despite the restless and unpredictable nature of the volcano, climbers and mountain tourists often climb Klyuchevskaya Sopka. The volcano also attracts tourists with an amazing natural phenomenon - lenticular clouds. Large white clouds hover over the crater of Klyuchevskaya Sopka and remain motionless even in very strong winds.

Volcanoes- geological formations on the surface of the earth's crust through which magma emerges. The name comes from the Roman god of fire - Vulcan. Today there are more than 1,000 active volcanoes on the planet. Next we will introduce you to the classification of volcanoes, tell you where most of them are located and which are considered the highest and most famous.

Volcanoes: interesting facts

There is a large classification of volcanoes. So that's it volcanoes of the world are divided into 3 types:
By type (shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, cinder cones, domes);
By location (sub-deer, terrestrial, underwater);
By activity (extinct, dormant, active).

Each volcano consists of the following parts:
Main crater;
Side crater;
Vent.


Some volcanoes do not emit lava. There are also mud volcanoes, geysers also belong to post-volcanic formations.

Where are the volcanoes of the world?

Most volcanoes are located in the Andes, Indonesia, Iceland, Hawaii and Kamchatka. However, they are not located randomly, but in strictly defined zones:
Most of the volcanoes are located in an area called the Pacific Volcanic Ring of Fire: in the Andes, Cordillera, Kamchatka, as well as the Philippines and New Zealand. Almost everything is located here active volcanoes of the terrestrial world - 328 out of 540.
Another location zone is the Mediterranean Fold Belt, which includes the Mediterranean Sea (Santorini, Etna, Vesuvius) and extends to Indonesia, where almost all the powerful eruptions of the world took place: Tambora in 1815 and Krakatoa in 1883.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, forming entire volcanic islands. Vivid examples: Canary Islands, Iceland.

Active volcanoes of the world

Most of the active volcanoes are located in the above zones. Volcanoes often erupt in Iceland, and the tallest volcano in Europe, Etna, periodically reminds itself. Others that are especially widely known:
Popocatepetl, located near Mexico City;
Vesuvius;
Mauna Loa;
Nyiragongo (DR Congo), famous for its huge lake boiling lava located in the crater.

Extinct volcanoes of the world

Volcanoes often end active eruptions. Some of them are considered extinct, others are considered dormant. Extinct volcanoes of the world located throughout the planet, including in the Andes, where the highest volcano in the world is located - (6893 meters), as well as the mountain of volcanic origin Aconcagua ( main peak South America).

Often extinct volcanoes used as observatories, for example, Mauna Kea on Hawaiian Islands, in the crater of which 13 telescopes are installed. By the way, it is Mauna Kea that is recognized as the highest volcano in general; if you count the underwater part, its height is 10,205 meters.

The most famous volcanoes in the world

Everyone has heard stories about terrible eruptions that destroyed entire cities and destroyed islands. Here we will talk about:
Vesuvius, this one small volcano in Italy (1281 m) destroyed the city of Pompeii. This moment is even captured in Bryullov’s painting “The Last Day of Pompeii.”
Etna – highest volcano in Europe, which periodically erupts. The last eruption took place in May 2015.
Krakatoa is a volcano in Indonesia, the eruption of which in 1883 was equivalent to an explosion of 10,000 atomic bombs. Now in its place stands new volcano- Anak-Krakatoa.
Tambora. In 1815, the most powerful eruption of our time took place, which resulted in a volcanic winter (air pollution with ash), and 1816 became a year without summer.
Santorini, which destroyed the Minoan civilization and destroyed the whole island in the Mediterranean Sea.
Mont Pelée in Martinique, which destroyed the port of Saint-Pierre in a matter of minutes. 36,000 people died
The Yellowstone Caldera is a potential supervolcano whose eruption could change the map of the world.
Kilimanjaro – highest point Africa.

An interactive map of active (active) volcanoes allows you to see the extent volcanic activity, the danger of eruptions, and the probability of eruptions online. The map is designed to help travelers and researchers who are going to visit a particular region of the world. Plan your expeditions taking into account existing threats and disasters.

The map is fully clickable, you can zoom in, zoom out, and select regions of interest on the planet. Clicking on the triangle displays information in English (in addition to the already existing mug service – ). Information is provided to English language, heights are in meters and feet

All dormant, awakening and active volcanoes are divided on the map into 4 threat categories:

1. Green triangle- there are no threats.
2. Yellow triangle– threat of increased activity.
3. Orange triangle– high activity. There is a possibility of an eruption.
4. Red triangle– an eruption with the release of ash, gases, magma.

Active volcano - news on the map

(To zoom in or out on the map, scroll the mouse wheel while holding down the CTRL key)
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How to survive a volcanic eruption

(Detailed article in our section “Survival” > “Survival in various disasters” > “How to survive natural disasters” > in the article.

Extinct supervolcanoes of the planet

Map of mantle hotspots

Tectonic plate map

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