Position of the largest active volcanoes in the world. Mainland - where there are no volcanoes? In what area are there many of them? The highest and most dangerous volcanoes in the world

Volcanic eruptions are dangerous primarily due to their direct impact - the release of tons of burning lava, under which entire cities can perish. But, in addition to this, side factors such as the suffocating effects of volcanic gases, the threat of tsunamis, isolation from sunlight, distortion of the terrain and local climate changes also pose a danger.

Merapi, Indonesia

Merapi is one of the largest volcanoes on the Indonesian islands. It is also one of the most active: large eruptions occur once every seven to eight years, and small ones - once every two years. At the same time, smoke appears from the top of the volcano almost every day, not allowing local residents to forget about the threat. Merapi is also famous for the fact that in 1006 the entire medieval Javanese-Indian state of Mataram was seriously damaged by his activities. The volcano is especially dangerous because it is located near the large Indonesian city of Yogyakarta, which is home to about 400 thousand people.

Sakurajima, Japan

Sakurajima is in constant volcanic activity since 1955, and the last eruption occurred in early 2009. Until 1914, the volcano was located on a separate island of the same name, but frozen lava flows connected the island to the Osumi Peninsula. Residents of the city of Kagoshima are already accustomed to the restless behavior of the volcano and are constantly ready to take refuge in shelters.

Aso Volcano, Japan

Last time volcanic activity The volcano was registered as recently as 2011. Then the ash cloud spread over an area of ​​more than 100 km. From that time to the present, about 2,500 tremors have been recorded, which indicates the activity of the volcano and its readiness to erupt. Despite the direct danger, about 50 thousand people live in the immediate vicinity, and the crater is popular tourist site for daredevils. In winter, the slopes are covered with snow and people go skiing and sledding in the valley.

Popocatepetl, Mexico

One of the largest volcanoes in Mexico is located literally fifty kilometers from. This is a city with a population of 20 million people who are in constant readiness to evacuate. In addition to Mexico City, the following are located in the neighborhood: big cities, like Puebla and Tlaxcala de Xicotencatl. Popocatepetl also gives them a reason to be nervous: emissions of gas, sulfur, dust and stones occur literally every month. In recent decades, the volcano has erupted in 2000, 2005 and 2012. Many climbers strive to climb to its peak. Popocatepetl is famous for the fact that in 1955 it was conquered by Ernesto Che Guevara.

Etna, Italy

This Sicilian volcano is interesting because it has not only one main wide crater, but also many small craters on the slopes. Etna is constantly active, with small eruptions occurring every few months. This does not prevent the Sicilians from densely populating the slopes of the volcano, since the presence of minerals and trace elements makes the soil very fertile. The last major eruption was in May 2011, and minor emissions of ash and dust occurred in April 2013. By the way, Etna is the most big volcano c: it is two and a half times larger than Vesuvius.

Vesuvius, Italy

Vesuvius is one of the three active volcanoes Italy along with Etna and Stromboli. They are even jokingly called the “hot Italian family.” In 79, the eruption of Vesuvius destroyed the city of Pompeii and all its inhabitants, who were buried under layers of lava, pumice and mud. One of the last major eruptions, in 1944, killed about 60 people and almost completely destroyed the nearby towns of San Sebastiano and Massa. According to scientists, Vesuvius destroyed nearby cities about 80 times! By the way, this volcano has set many records. Firstly, it is the only active volcano on the mainland, secondly, it is the most studied and predictable, and thirdly, the territory of the volcano is a nature reserve and a national park where excursions are held. You can only go up on foot, since the lift and funicular have not yet been restored.

Colima, Mexico

The volcanic mountain consists of two peaks: the already extinct Nevado de Colima, which is covered with snow most of the time, and the active Colima volcano. Colima is particularly active: it has erupted more than 40 times since 1576. A strong eruption occurred in the summer of 2005, when authorities had to evacuate people from nearby villages. Then a column of ash was thrown to a height of about 5 km, spreading a cloud of smoke and dust behind it. Now the volcano is fraught with danger not only for local residents, but also for the whole country.

Mauna Loa, Hawaii, USA

Scientists have been monitoring the volcano since 1912 - there is a volcanological station on its slopes, as well as solar and atmospheric observatories. The height of the volcano reaches 4169 m. The last strong eruption of Mauna Loa destroyed several villages in 1950. Until 2002, the seismic activity of the volcano was low, until an increase was recorded, which indicates the possibility of eruptions in the near future.

Galeras, Colombia

The Galeras volcano is very powerful: its diameter at the base exceeds 20 km, and the width of the crater is about 320 m. The volcano is very dangerous - every few years, due to its activity, the population of the nearby town of Pasto has to be evacuated. The last such evacuation took place in 2010, when about 9 thousand people found themselves in shelters due to the threat of a strong eruption. Thus, the restless Galeras keeps local residents in constant suspense.

Nyiragongo, Republic of Congo

The Nyiragongo volcano is considered the most dangerous in all: it accounts for about half of all cases of volcanic activity recorded on the continent. Since 1882, there have been 34 eruptions. Nyiragongo lava has a special chemical composition, so it is unusually liquid and flowing. The speed of erupted lava can reach 100 km/h. In the main crater of the volcano there is lava lake, the temperature of which heats up to 982 Cº, and bursts reach a height of 7 to 30 m. The last largest eruption occurred in 2002, then 147 people died, 14 thousand buildings were destroyed, and 350 thousand people were left homeless.

It is worth noting that scientists have been studying the activity of volcanoes for many years and modern technology recognizes the beginning of their seismic activity. Many volcanoes have webcams that allow you to monitor what is happening in real time. People living nearby are already accustomed to this behavior of volcanoes and know what to do when an eruption begins, and emergency services have the means to evacuate local residents. So every year the likelihood of casualties from volcanic eruptions becomes less and less.

Earth is a hot planet. Beneath the thin crust is a core of hot magma. In some places, through cracks in the earth's crust, the heat of the earth's core breaks out, bringing lava, gases and ash to the surface. Over time, at the sites of such emissions, huge masses of ejected matter accumulate and special geological forms - volcanoes - are formed.

The largest volcanoes are those that formed particularly large cones, although not necessarily the tallest, and therefore had a particularly large crater or were active for a very long time. Those that continue to act are dangerous for humans. Fortunately, the largest terrestrial volcano, Tamu Massif, discovered in 2013, has long been extinct, otherwise its eruption would have been disastrous for all life on our planet.

Volcanoes are considered active if they are known to have erupted within the last 10 thousand years or have shown signs of volcanic activity, such as emissions of gases and water vapor. The presence of volcanic activity means that a given volcano may begin to erupt again, and therefore requires careful monitoring by volcanologists. There are currently 627 such volcanoes. 4 out of 5 largest volcanoes planets are located in the area Pacific Ocean(these are parts of the “Ring of Fire” of Pacific volcanoes and seismic zones), and 1 in Africa.

It is located in the central part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, has a volume of 480 cubic kilometers and is the largest active volcano in Kamchatka, as well as the second highest ( 3613 m above sea level), after Klyuchevskaya Sopka. The top of the Ichinskaya Sopka is covered with eternal glaciers.

This is the youngest among the largest active volcanoes, its age is estimated at 10-15 thousand years. Its cone has a complex structure: a shield-type base, on top of which is the cone of a younger stratovolcano. Last eruption was recorded in 1740, since then volcanic activity has been weak: small amounts of high-temperature water vapor and volcanic gases are released.

The Galapagos Islands, like the Hawaiian Islands, arose as a result of volcanic activity. The largest volcano is the Sierra Negra (“black mountain”), 580 cubic meters. kilometers is located on the island of Isabela. This is a shield volcano, tall 1,124 m above sea level, and its crater has a diameter 11 km.

The last eruption of Sierra Negra occurred in 2005. Then the volcano released such an amount of gases and ash that the volcanic cloud reached a height of 7 kilometers or more.

Volume – more 3,200 cu.m. kilometers. The second largest volcano on the island of Hawaii. Its highest point is 4,205 m above sea level. But if you count from the foot, which is under water, then its height reaches 10,203 m, which makes Mauna Kea the most high mountain on the ground. (For comparison, Everest has a height of 4,150 m from its base to its summit). Unlike its neighbor Mauna Loa, is a stratovolcano, and its viscous lava has formed steep slopes. The last eruption occurred 4,500 years ago, and since then the state of the volcano has been considered “normal” on the danger scale.

Among the aborigines, “White Mountain” (as the name is translated) was considered sacred. Only the highest leaders had the right to climb to its top. The natives collected fruits and hunted in the dense forests on the slopes of the mountain, and made tools and weapons from volcanic basalt.

The altitude, dry climate and constant wind force make the summit of Mauna Kea one of the best areas on Earth for astronomical observations. Since 1964, 13 telescopes have been installed here. Observations are made at all frequencies, from visible light to radio waves, and Mauna Kea Astronomy Park is one of the largest in the world. However, protests against its location in a unique ecological zone and in a place sacred to indigenous people continue.

Cone volume – 4,800 cubic kilometers. This volcano erupted with thick and viscous lava, which led to the formation of an almost regular steep cone. This type is called a stratovolcano. highest mountain African continent ( 5,895 m above sea level), located in East Africa, between Kenya and northern Tanzania. In Swahili its name means " white mountain": the top of this gigantic two-headed cone, the only one in the equatorial zone of the Earth, is covered eternal ice. Many rivers originate in its glaciers, including the Nile, the greatest river in Africa. In recent decades, they have been melting faster and steadily decreasing.

Europeans discovered this volcano in 1848, since then no activity has been recorded, but Aboriginal legends speak of its eruption about 200 years ago. In 2003, it was discovered that there was molten lava beneath one of its two peaks, with its upper level rising just 400 meters from the surface. Gas emissions, landslides and rock shifts also occur.

The largest active volcano on Earth is located on the island of Hawaii. This volcano is of the shield type: wide, with sloping slopes. Such volcanoes are formed as a result of a long eruption of liquid, flowing lava. The volume of its cone is approximately 75,000 cubic kilometers, of which 84% are under water. Actually, the island itself appeared as a result of eruptions of this and its neighboring volcanoes.

In the Aboriginal language its name means "long mountain". Its mass is so enormous that the earth’s crust at its location bends inward for several kilometers.

Mauna Loa is one of the most active volcanoes. Its last eruption occurred in 1984, and since then it has gradually shown more signs of activity, and another eruption is considered very likely in the foreseeable future.

For ordinary person the difference between “dormant” and “extinct” volcanoes is not obvious. But the differences between them are quite significant, since a “sleeping” volcano can sooner or later awaken, causing a catastrophic eruption. But extinct volcanoes are much more reliable in terms of prospects; they will never explode again, and therefore are completely safe. Tour operators and just amateurs who know about this active tourism I especially loved these volcanoes. Below is a list of just some of the largest of the Earth's much longer list of extinct volcanoes.

1. Ojos del Salado, Chile and Argentina (6887 m)

This mountain is the second highest in South America, and among volcanoes it is the first in height. It is located on the Chilean-Argentine border, and the top went to the Argentines. West of the volcano all the way to the Pacific Ocean stretches the harsh Atacama Desert. In the crater of the volcano, located on the eastern slope of the mountain, at an altitude of 6390 m, there is the highest mountain lake on the planet.
Since in the entire history of observations not a single eruption of Ojos del Salado has been recorded, it was classified as extinct. Although passive volcanic activity was sometimes noticed here. For example, in 1937, 1956 and 1993, weak emissions of steam and sulfur occurred here. In 1937, this peak was conquered by climbers from Poland Jan Szczepanski and Justyn Woizhnys, who during their ascent discovered the remains of sacrificial altars made by the Incas at the top. Like many other mountains, this volcano was also revered by the Indians as a sacred mountain.


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2. Monte Pissis, Argentina (6795 m)

In Argentina, 550 km north of Aconcagua, in the province of La Rioja, there is another extinct volcano - Monte Pissis. Since it lies within the extremely dry Atacama Desert, snow appears only at its peak in winter. The mountain was named in 1885 in honor of the French geologist Pedro José Amadeo Piz, who worked on behalf of the Chilean government. This volcano was first conquered in 1937 by Polish climbers Jan Szczepanski and Stefan Osiecki.

3. Sajama, Bolivia (6542 m)

In Bolivia, in Central Andes is the highest peak of the country, Sahama, which is an extinct stratovolcano. Spread around him national park Sajama is in the southwest of the country, about 20 kilometers from the Chilean border. Humanity does not remember the eruptions of this volcano; there are only scientists’ assumptions that the latter could have happened in the Holocene era. Above 6000 meters, eternal glaciation begins here, and below here and there semi-desert vegetation is found. The first ascent of the mountain took place along the southeast ridge in 1939.

4. Chimborazo, Ecuador (6310 m)

The highest point in Ecuador is the extinct volcano Chimborazo. It is assumed that its last eruption occurred in the 5th-8th centuries. It is curious that the very top of this volcano is the point on the earth’s surface that is farthest from the center of the planet. Until the beginning of the 19th century, people considered Chimborazo to be the highest peak on the planet. At the foot of the volcano is the source of the Guayas River. Its top is covered with eternal ice, in some places it goes down the slope to 4600 m. Melt water from its top is the main source for the local population of the provinces of Chimborazo and Bolivar. In recent decades, due to global warming, the glacier has melted significantly. Until refrigerators began to be widely used here, the local population was actively cutting down ice, which they sold in markets as a means of storing food and cooling rooms in cities, since in summer it is incredibly hot for humans here.


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5. Marmolejo, Argentina and Chile (6109 m)

On the border between the Argentine province of Mendoza and the Chilean metropolitan area is the Marmolejo stratovolcano. To the south is the active, younger volcano San Jose. The Marmolejo caldera is 4 kilometers wide and has been destroyed in the north-west, resulting in a huge landslide.

6. Cerro Nelli, Bolivia (5676 m)

In the Andes, in the Western Cordillera range, there is an extinct volcano, Cerro Nelli, in the Bolivian province of Sud Lipes. The volcano is surrounded by lands that are part of the National Andean Fauna Reserve. E. Avaroa.

7. Zapaleri, Argentina, Bolivia and Chile (5653 m)

Another extinct Andean volcano, Sapaleri is notable for the fact that it is divided into three states: the Argentine province of Jujuy, the Bolivian department of Potosi and the Chilean region of Antofagasta. The Sapaleri volcano has two peaks: northern and southern, and in its crater there is a small lake. The areas around the mountain are protected: from the Bolivian side natural park E. Avaroa, from Chilean - national reserve Los Flamencos, and with Agrentin - the protected area of ​​​​Vilama.

8. Altar, Ecuador (5321 m)

This ancient extinct volcano is located in the Ecuadorian province of Chimborazo. Around it there are 8 more peaks, only slightly inferior in height to it. The Sangay National Park is located around the volcano, the capital Quito is located 170 km to the north, and Riobamba is 20 km to the west of this place. According to ancient Indian evidence, around 1460 the volcano showed activity that lasted about 7 years. Then a new formation appeared on its caldera and collapsed, so that the base of the volcano passed over the old caldera. Although research by volcanologists says that the eruption was more ancient. The body of the mountain is composed of basalts and andesites. Appeared near the volcano small lakes, the water in which has a different color, since basalt rocks contain different types impurities.


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9. Iztaccihuatl, Mexico (5230 m)

The name of this extinct volcano in the Nahuatl language means the following: “istac” - “white”, and “cihuatl” - “woman”, resulting in “white woman”. This mountain is the third highest in Mexico, second only to the volcanoes Orizaba (5636 m) and Popocatepetl (5426 m). Mexicans simply call her Ista. The mountain has 4 peaks at once, the highest of which is Pecho (in Spanish “chest”). The silhouettes of these peaks actually, when viewed from the east or west, resemble the chest, head, feet and knees of the figure of a sleeping woman. And the snow caps on the peaks make it white. And nearby, as if guarding her sleep, stands the Popocatepetl volcano, and at the same time tries to hide her lust, but periodically it breaks out in the form of eruptions. The mountain is located 70 kilometers southeast of the capital, from which you can see its peaks sparkling with snow. Since this mountain was always close to the capitals (first of the Aztec empire, and then of modern Mexico), its image often appeared in works of art. IN modern history This peak was first conquered in 1889, although according to what was done at the top archaeological finds, it became obvious that the Aztecs and even people of earlier civilizations climbed here.

10. Greater Ararat, Türkiye (5165 m)

On the territory of Turkey there is now the Armenian Highlands, in which the cones of the Ararat volcanic massif are located, one of which is the Great Ararat stratovolcano. Its height above the local highlands is 4365 meters. Close to Greater Ararat- just 11 kilometers away is the cone of Little Ararat.

The average person does not see much of a difference between “extinct” and “dormant” volcanoes. In fact, the differences are quite significant, because a conditionally “dormant” volcanic formation can suddenly awaken, and then no one will find it interesting.

Another thing is that they are completely safe, which is actively used by travel companies and amateurs. active rest. What are the main features of extinct volcanoes?

Physics of a volcanic eruption - how it becomes extinct

The eruption occurs due to the presence in the magma not only of water vapor, but also of various gases: hydrogen chloride and fluoride, oxides of sulfur and methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.

In a "sleeping" volcano, the concentration of gases dissolved in the magma corresponds to the level of pressure under which the magma is located at a certain depth. In this way, a state of balance is maintained.

However, due to earthquakes that shift sections of the crust, a decrease in pressure may occur, for example, in the area of ​​the magma chamber. The equilibrium state is disrupted and the gases immediately increase in volume due to the transition to the gaseous state.

The foamed magma begins to move upward, which leads to an even greater drop in pressure, and therefore to an acceleration of the process of gas release from the magma.

Accordingly, the probability of his awakening tends to zero.

List of famous extinct volcanoes in the world

Volcanoes, which pose no threat, are located on all seven continents: North and South America, Asia, Africa, Europe, Antarctica and Australia.

Today there are over two hundred extinct volcanoes in the world. The most typical representatives of this type are presented below.

Rocky

This extinct volcano is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, in the very center of the Sredinny Range. The highest point of the volcano is at 1759 meters above sea level.

According to geologists, the last time Kamenisty was active was about two and a half million years ago. The volcano was formed by lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The volcanic shape in the form of a gentle cone ends not with a crater destroyed due to erosion, but with a steep peak.

Arayat

Located in Luzon - largest island Philippines. The highest point is 1025 meters.

The last eruption most likely occurred about 10 thousand years ago. Despite the erosion that has affected the northern and western parts of the crater, it still remains on top.

Damavand

Located in the Iranian province of Mazandiran and is the largest highest point mountain system Elborz (5620 meters above sea level). The last eruption was recorded around 5350 BC.

Damavand has the shape of a gentle cone and rises one and a half kilometers above Elborz. The volcanic cone arose due to andesite lava, but there are also glaciers on the slopes.

Sajama

Located in Bolivia, in the Central Andes. The highest point above sea level is 6542 meters. Sajama is part of the National Park of the same name, located near the Chilean border.

The exact date of the last activity is not reliably known, but many scientists insist on the era of the Quaternary Holocene period, i.e. about 12 thousand years ago.

Sahama is a classic cone-shaped stratovolcano, composed of hardened lava and its fragments. At an altitude of more than 6000 meters, it is covered with never-melting snow and ice.

Aconcagua

The highest extinct volcano is considered to be located in the same Andes, but on Argentine territory. The peak is located at 6961 meters above sea level.

Aconcagua, it is considered not only a record holder among its peers, but also the highest point of the southern and western hemispheres. For these merits, he was even included in the list of the most high peaks six parts of the world "Seven Peaks".

Aconcagua is also one of the oldest volcanic formations on the planet.

The exact date is unknown, but many scientists conclude that it arose approximately 150 million years ago.

Excursions to extinct volcanoes

A traditional excursion lasts 1-2 days and involves either climbing to the peaks by helicopter or climbing on foot.

Some volcanoes are even equipped with special areas where tourists can take a break and enjoy the natural views from great heights.

Extinct volcanoes- this is not only a living reminder of the great power of nature.

Thanks to their large number anywhere in the world, anyone can organize an appropriate trip and get an unforgettable experience.

10 largest and most dangerous volcanoes on Earth.

A volcano is a geological formation that arose due to the movement of tectonic plates, their collision and the formation of faults. As a result of collisions between tectonic plates, faults form and magma comes to the surface of the Earth. As a rule, volcanoes are a mountain, at the end of which there is a crater, which is where lava comes out.


Volcanoes are divided into:


- active;
- sleeping;
- extinct;

Active volcanoes are those that erupted in the near future (approximately 12,000 years)
Dormant volcanoes are volcanoes that have not erupted in the near future, but their eruption is practically possible.
Extinct volcanoes include those that have not erupted in the near historical future, but the top has the shape of a crater, but such volcanoes are unlikely to erupt.

List of the 10 most dangerous volcanoes on the planet:

1. (Hawaiian Islands, USA)



Located in the islands of Hawaii, it is one of the five volcanoes that make up the islands of Hawaii. It is the largest volcano in the world in terms of volume. It contains more than 32 cubic kilometers of magma.
The volcano was formed about 700,000 years ago.
The volcano's last eruption occurred in March 1984, and it lasted for more than 24 days, causing enormous damage to people and the surrounding area.

2. Taal Volcano (Philippines)




The volcano is located on the island of Luzon, belonging to Philippine Islands. The crater of the volcano rises 350 meters above the surface of Lake Taal and is located almost in the center of the lake.

The peculiarity of this volcano is that it is located in the crater of a very old extinct mega volcano, now this crater is filled with lake water.
In 1911, the most powerful eruption of this volcano occurred - then 1335 people died, within 10 minutes all life around the volcano died at a distance of 10 km.
The last eruption of this volcano was observed in 1965, which resulted in 200 casualties.

3. Volcano Merapi (Java Island)




The name of the volcano is literally Mountain of Fire. The volcano has been erupting systematically for the last 10,000 years. The volcano is located near the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the city's population is several thousand people.
It was the most active volcano among the 130 volcanoes in Indonesia. The eruption of this volcano was believed to have led to the decline of the Hindu Kingdom of Matarama. The peculiarity and horror of this volcano is the speed of spread of magma, which is more than 150 km/hour. The volcano's last eruption occurred in 2006 and claimed 130 lives and made more than 300,000 people homeless.

4. Volcano Santa Maria (Guatemala)


This is one of the most active volcanoes of the 20th century.
It is located at a distance of 130 kilometers from the city of Guatemala, and is located in the so-called Pacific. Ring of Fire. The Santa Maria crater was formed after its eruption in 1902. About 6,000 people died then. The last eruption occurred in March 2011.

5. Ulawun Volcano (Papua - New Guinea)


The Ulawun volcano, located in the New Guinea region, began erupting at the beginning of the 18th century. Since then, eruptions have been recorded 22 times.
In 1980, the largest volcanic eruption occurred. The ejected ash covered an area of ​​more than 20 square kilometers.
Now this volcano is the highest peak in the region.
The last volcanic eruption occurred in 2010.

6. Galeras Volcano (Colombia)




The Galeras Volcano is located near the border of Ecuador in Colombia. One of the most active volcanoes in Colombia, it has erupted systematically over the past 1000 years.
The first documented volcanic eruption occurred in 1580. This volcano is considered the most dangerous because of its sudden eruptions. Along the eastern slope of the volcano is the city of Paphos (Pasto). Paphos is home to 450,000 people.
In 1993, six seismologists and three tourists died during a volcanic eruption.
Since then, the volcano has erupted every year, claiming thousands of lives and making many people homeless. The last volcanic eruption occurred in January 2010.

7. Sakurajima Volcano (Japan)




Until 1914, this volcanic mountain was located on separate island in close proximity to Kyushu. After the volcano erupted in 1914, a lava flow connected the mountain to the Ozumi Peninsula (Japan). The volcano was named Vesuvius of the East.
He serves as a threat to the 700,000 people of Kagoshima City.
Since 1955, eruptions have occurred every year.
The government even built a refugee camp for the people of Kagoshima so they could find shelter during the volcanic eruption.
The last eruption of the volcano occurred on August 18, 2013.


8. Nyiragongo (DR Congo)




It is one of the most active, active volcanoes in the African region. The volcano is located in Democratic Republic Congo. The volcano has been monitored since 1882. Since the start of observations, 34 eruptions have been recorded.
A crater in the mountain serves as a holder for magma fluid. In 1977, a major eruption occurred, neighboring villages were burned by streams of hot lava. The average speed of the lava flow was 60 kilometers per hour. Hundreds of people died. The most recent eruption occurred in 2002, leaving 120,000 people homeless.



This volcano is a caldera, a formation of a pronounced round shape with a flat bottom.
The volcano is located in Yellow national park U.S.A.
This volcano has not erupted for 640,000 years.
The question arises: How can it be an active volcano?
There are claims that 640,000 years ago, this super volcano erupted.
This eruption changed the terrain and covered half of the United States in ash.
According to various estimates, the volcanic eruption cycle is 700,000 - 600,000 years. Scientists expect this volcano to erupt at any time.
This volcano could destroy life on Earth.

 

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