During World War II, ordinary collective farmers gave heroes personalized tanks and planes. First hand. Interview with a pilot of an air group of the Russian Air Force about the problems and prospects of young recruits to the Air Force. Squad commander salary

Civilian and military pilots take to the skies almost every day, and in some cases, their flights can be carried out several times a day. Obviously, it is worth emphasizing that the profession of a pilot, regardless of whether the pilot is the commander of a civilian or military aircraft, is dangerous, and, therefore, the pilot’s salary will probably be high.

Indeed, today qualified pilots are highly valued, because thanks to the actions of experienced aviators, even an out-of-control plane can be landed without unnecessary casualties. And, here, it should be emphasized that the more experience the pilot has, the higher the pilot’s salary will be.

Specific figures for a pilot's salary can vary from minimum to maximum depending on which airline the pilot-in-command works for, as well as on what tasks are assigned to him. If we take the UK, the minimum salary for a pilot here is about 32 thousand dollars per year, while the maximum can exceed 120 thousand dollars. As for the most high salary pilot, then it was recorded in China, where the cargo pilot Boeing aircraft 747-400 receives over 250 thousand dollars per year, which naturally makes such a profession very promising.

Quite often, a pilot's salary depends on what type of aircraft he flies. If this is a small light aircraft, then most likely the pilot will have to rely on a relatively small wages, but if it is a giant like the Airbus A380, then the pilot’s salary will probably be close to the maximum, since operating this complex aircraft requires maximum qualifications.

As for the pilot’s salary in Russia, here it is not as high as we would like, which often leads to a leakage of flight personnel. For example, pilots civil aviation those working for Aeroflot airlines receive about 72 thousand dollars per year. However, qualified specialists are really needed domestic aviation, and therefore a number of air carriers specifically stimulate the work of experienced pilots by offering them wages in the amount of 100-120 thousand dollars per year.

As for military pilots (pilots), on average they earn 110 thousand rubles per month. L A lieutenant who has served 1 year earns on average 40 thousand rubles per month. Officers who have served for 5 years or more can be content with a salary 70-90 thousand rubles per month. But let’s not forget that the State obliged all military pilots provide housing.

Be that as it may, the main thing for any pilot is air vehicle It’s not just money, but a unique opportunity to rise into the sky again and again, towards the endless horizon.

During World War II, ordinary collective farmers gave heroes personalized tanks and planes.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War was forged not only at the front, but also in the rear. “Day and night at the open-hearth furnaces our Motherland did not close its eyes,” these words from the song reflect the true picture of those days. But there was another source of resources for the front - personal contributions from citizens to the Defense Fund for the purchase of military equipment for the Red Army.

The newspaper Pravda dated December 18, 1942 published a message from F. P. Golovaty to I. V. Stalin:

Quote:
Moscow, Kremlin, Comrade Stalin
Dear Joseph Vissarionovich!
When accompanying my two sons to the front, I gave them my father’s order to mercilessly beat the German invaders, and for my part, I promised my children to help them with selfless labor in the rear.
Having learned about your welcoming telegram to the Saratov collective farmers and collective farm women and wanting to help the heroic Red Army quickly destroy the Nazi gangs, I decided to give all my savings to the construction of combat aircraft.
The Soviet government made me a prosperous collective farmer, and now, when the Motherland is in danger, I decided to help it with everything I could. Everything that I earned with my honest labor on the collective farm, I give it to the Red Army Fund. On December 15, I deposited 100 thousand rubles into the State Bank and ordered a combat aircraft as a gift to the defenders of the Motherland. Let my fighting machine smash the German invaders, let it bring death to those who mock our brothers, the innocent Soviet people. Hundreds of squadrons of combat aircraft, built with the personal savings of collective farmers, will help our Red Army quickly clear our sacred land of German invaders.
Collective farmer of the Stakhanovets collective farm, Novo-Pokrovsky district Saratov region Ferapont Golovaty

Pravda newspaper, December 18, 1942:
Quote:
Collective farm "Stakhanovets" Novo-Pokrovsky district, Saratov region
Ferapont Petrovich GOLOVATY
Thank you, Ferapont Petrovich, for your concern for the Red Army and its air force. The Red Army will not forget that you gave all your savings for the construction combat aircraft.
Please accept my regards.
I. STALIN

“Gift to Son” - a step towards immortality
Ilya Andreevich and Maria Filippovna Shirmanov from the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic donated all their savings to the construction of a tank for their only son Andrei, who served in the 162nd Tank Brigade.

The tank with the inscription “Gift to my son,” built at the Ural plant, was handed over to the crew at the beginning of June 1943. The fighter’s parents were present at the rally to mark the handover of the car. They took a photo together on the armor. The photograph shows the worn-out hands of Ilya Andreevich.
Unfortunately, parental love did not save Andrey. Senior sergeant, gunner, Andrei Shirmanov bravely fought on a named tank for almost a year, and heroically died along with the crew in the battle near Chernivtsi.

Everything is for Victory
During the war years, the Defense Fund received from citizens of the USSR over 16 billion rubles, 13 kg of platinum, 131 kg of gold, 9519 kg of silver, 1.8 billion rubles worth of jewelry, over 0.5 billion rubles of deposits in savings banks (in prices in 1941), amounting to over 4.5 billion rubles of government loan bonds. These funds were used to build 2.5 thousand combat aircraft, more than 30 thousand tanks and self-propelled guns, 8 submarines, 16 military boats and many other military equipment.
The Yak-7 "For Victory" fought for their homeland! Wolf Messing, tank “Russian Song” of the Voronezh Russian Folk Choir, heavy tank IS-2 “Vladimir Mayakovsky”, acquired by the artist Yakhontov, KV “Merciless”, built for the Stalin Prize of the famous Kukryniksy, T-34 “Grozny”, built for the State Prize of Alexei Tolstoy... The enemy was smashed by the tanks “Baikal Fisherman” and “Yeisk Collective Farmer”, “Verkhovsky Railwayman” and “Verkhoyansk Hunter”, “Makeevsky Schoolboy” and “Komsomolets Nordvika”, “Malyutka” and “Tanya”. The enemy was beaten by the crews of combat vehicles “Amur Avenger”, “For Radyansk Ukraine”, “Mariupol - Revenge”, “Kramarev Erast Fedorovich”, “Andreev’s Personal Tank”, “Kolyma”, “Collective Farmer”, “Mothers to their Sons”..

"From Lenochka for dad"
At the beginning of 1943, a new Il-2 aircraft arrived at the 237th Attack Aviation Regiment. It was distinguished from other attack aircraft by the unusual inscription on board “From Lenochka for Dad.” This car already had a history, which began with a letter to Stalin. “Dear Joseph Vissarionovich. My dad, Anatoly Vasilyevich Azarenkov, commander of an attack aircraft squadron, died at the front, defending our Motherland, which I love very much. My mother died in Kyiv, I live with my grandmother. She is a pensioner, disabled group 2. When she receives her pension, she gives me toys. I saved money for a Christmas tree and saved up 110 rubles, which I ask you to accept to build an attack aircraft, and transfer it to the 237 regiment, in which my dad served, so that my dad’s comrades will take revenge on the nasty Germans for the death of my dad, for my grandmother, she cries so much and for me."

The author of the appeal was Lena Azarenkova, a student of grade 1-B at Moscow school No. 612. The letter was published in Ogonyok magazine No. 4 for 1943, and children all over the country began to donate their “Christmas tree” and “candy” money for the construction of the aircraft. Together, their small contributions added up to significant sums. From schoolchildren of the Ivanovo region - a million rubles, from students of the Stavropol Territory - 100 thousand. Lena’s wish came true. Having received the plane purchased with the children’s money, the pilots of the 237th attack air regiment wrote to the girl: “Dear Lenochka! We received the aircraft built with the money raised at your initiative into service. We assure you that we, your dad’s fighting friends, will take revenge on the German bandits for his death. We wrote your name on a combat attack aircraft and gave it to your dad’s best friend.”

“I am Ada Zanegina. I am 6 years old. I am writing in print. Hitler kicked me out of the city of Sychevka, Smolensk region. I want to go home. I collected 122 rubles 25 kopecks for the doll. And now I’m giving them to the tank. Dear Uncle Editor! Write to all the children so that they also give their money to the tank. And let's call him “Baby”. When our tank defeats Hitler, we will go home."

And the children responded.

Adik Solodov, 6 years old: “I want to return to Kyiv. I’m contributing the money I collected for the boots - 135 rubles 56 kopecks - to the construction of the Malyutka tank.”

Tamara Loskutova: “Mom wanted to buy me a new coat and saved up 150 rubles. I’m wearing an old coat.”

Tanya Chistyakova: “Dear unknown girl Ada! I’m only five years old, but I’ve already lived without my mother for a year. I really want to go home, and therefore I happily give money to build our tank. Our tank would sooner defeat the enemy.”

Shura Khomenko from Ishim: “They told me about Ada Zanegina’s letter and I contributed all my savings - 100 rubles and handed over 400 rubles in bonds for the construction of the Malyutka tank.” My friend Vitya Tynyanov contributes 20 rubles. Let our dads defeat the Nazis with tanks built with our savings.”

And the children, who had no savings, tried to earn money, as they would say now, through charity events. For example, the children of the kindergarten of the Novo-Uralsky state farm prepared a concert and transferred 20 rubles to a special account in the Omsk branch of the State Bank.

Thus, the entire children's world collected far from a child's amount, which the Omsk authorities transferred to the Defense Fund.

Quote:
I ask you to convey to the preschool children of the city of Omsk, who collected 160,886 rubles for the construction of the Malyutka tank, my warm greetings and gratitude to the Red Army.

Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union I. Stalin.

“Baby” looked exactly like this

Its driver-mechanic was one of the 19 Soviet women tankers, Ekaterina Petlyuk. She herself was short, which served as a source of constant jokes in the unit. However, she fought heroically, which was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War.

The Malyutka tank fought at Stalingrad and witnessed the surrender of Field Marshal Paulus. Before the Kursk Bulge, its combat service ended, and, like all other used armored vehicles, it was sent to be melted down. Ekaterina kept the tank watch as a souvenir (it is now on display in the Museum of the Defense of Stalingrad) and switched to a more advanced, although still small, T-70 vehicle.

Mechanic-driver st. St. Ekaterina Petlyuk

On the Kursk Bulge, as it turned out later, Catherine fought somewhere next to Ada’s father. But, alas, for tanker Alexander Zanegin, the battles near Kursk turned out to be the last.

Ada Zanegina before the war

The history of the “children’s” tank was unearthed by the Omsk “Red Pathfinders” in 1975, and on May 9, 1975, in Omsk, an employee of one of the Odessa registry offices, Ekaterina Alekseevna Petlyuk, first met Ada Zanegina - by that time an ophthalmologist from Elektrostal near Moscow, Adela Aleksandrovna Voronets.

By the way, May Day this year search engines Volgograd region noted a rare success: they raised the T-60 tank - after restoration it will become the sixth preserved in the world and the third in Russia (this is out of six thousand vehicles produced).
_________________
And there is only one warrior in the field, if he is tailored in Russian!

Eagle 25 25-03-2009 13:07

what is the salary of military personnel in the Soviet Army

What is the salary (salary)
did the military in the USSR have?
a pilot (technician, engineer),
allowances OUS, BD, etc. .

How was the other plane?

pilot operator Mi-24 140,-
commander 150,-
senior pilot 155,-
flight navigator 160,-
flight commander 170,-
navigator AE
z.k. on the political side
Deputy Commissar 190,-
Squadron commander 200,-

Sincerely

AWND 25-03-2009 16:26

And for what year? Even in the Soviet Union there was inflation.

Eagle 25 25-03-2009 16:52

70s - 80s

Eagle 25 25-03-2009 16:53

I'm interested in the 50s - 80s.

SeRgek 25-03-2009 18:04

My dad was a right-wing lieutenant in the 80s and received 500 hours

4V4 26-03-2009 13:04

From 50 to 80, the salary has at least doubled. By the numbers.

Eagle 25 26-03-2009 13:25

do you know a few for sure?

Maxim V 26-03-2009 13:37

1968, lieutenant, military unit beyond the Arctic Circle -800 rubles, 1977, major battalion commander 300 rubles, 1981 lieutenant-beginning. political department of the division - 800 rubles. These figures were taken from the party membership card; party contributions were paid from this amount.

Eagle 25 17-04-2009 19:42

How much was financial compensation in monetary terms
for the days when you didn’t eat in the canteen?

Sincerely

KDmitry 19-05-2009 20:07

1986 right-hand IL-76 lieutenant without class - 265 rubles minus eggs, minus fees.

mals1 22-05-2009 12:46

1990 Lieutenant, Su-25 technician: 220 rubles. - minus for eggs and contributions to the Komsomol

Eagle 25 25-05-2009 23:33

KDmitry
lieutenant without class - 265 rub.

lieutenant = 120 rub. position = 145 rub.

what plane?

--------------------
mals1
lieutenant, Su-25 technician: 220 rubles.

Su-25 technician, position 100 rubles. ?!

Eagle 25 26-05-2009 13:54

1986 right-hand IL-76 lieutenant

Il-76 aircraft - not noticed

and how was SHO PKK ShK KK, etc.

Sincerely

Eagle 25 26-05-2009 13:57

and the surcharge for this aircraft

KDmitry 26-05-2009 18:20

Eagle 25 04-06-2009 17:29

Thanks KDmitry!
the IL-76 pilot also had a percentage for military qualifications
pilot 1st class 15%, 2nd class 10%?
and there were surcharges in simple and difficult weather conditions day and night,
flights per minute 0.10 - 0.20 rubles (for flights to SMU during the day
and at night in the PMU)?
or for flights of many hours there is a surcharge in % / money?

Eagle 25 21-06-2009 20:38

the new official salary was from
10/1/1946
10/1/1956
1.6.1966
1.7.1968
1.1.1990

Sincerely

Eagle 25 16-07-2009 16:27

I'm talking about this, what it cost/cost
soldier (financial). how was the history of development.

Eagle 25 31-10-2009 14:38

monetary allowance

4V4 05-11-2009 17:32

In the 70s they changed it a couple of times, and then they introduced 13, though not for everyone.

Eagle 25 28-02-2010 19:24

From 10/1/1946...........10/1/1956......1/7/1968
pilot...... 900 rub.... (+300).....1.200....(+20)...140
Art. pilot... 1,000 rub. ..(+300)...1.300....(+20)...150
com. link... 1,200 rub. ..(+300)...1.500....(+20)...170
com. eska.... 1.500 rub.... (+30?)...1.800.?..(+20?)...210
com. shelf... 2.100 rub.. (+20/30?)..2.300....(+10?)...240
com. div. ....2,600 rub. (?).(+20)....2.800................280

I think since 1956 ? + 10 rub. supersonic and + 10 rub. flapping wing
pilot 1,200 rubles (for MiG) + 100 rubles. supersonic, 1.300, from 1.1.1961 130 rub.

Art. pilot 150 rubles (for MiG-23) + 10 rubles. supersonic and + 10 rub. flapping wing - 170
(1968 - 1989)

from 1.1.1990 in the Air Force DO + 40 - 60 rub.

Eagle 25 20-05-2010 20:05

how long was the position with a contract,
overtime in rubles?

Eagle 25 27-12-2014 11:30

chief of communications of the regiment - 140, division 160?
Assistant Chief of Staff for Special Communications Regiment - 130
Assistant Chief of Staff - I.S.O. Officer - 125?

Voron65 30-12-2014 21:49

quote: 1968, lieutenant, military unit beyond the Arctic Circle -800 rubles,

1980, Severomorsk, major with all the Polar soldiers (chief of service in the ATB) - 600 rubles.
+-

Dog1970 30-12-2014 22:47

quote: Originally posted by Eagle 25:
there's something in the account book
monetary allowance

Pay books were taken away when they were replaced, but Komsomol and party cards can be looked at fairly accurately.

The Wright brothers are considered to be the founders of modern manned aviation (heavier than air). Even the 100th anniversary of aviation was celebrated in 2003 - on the anniversary of their first flight. No one belittles the merits of these engineers.

But still, a manned vehicle heavier than air first took off from the ground two decades earlier. Mozhaisky's aircraft did not receive practical use, and his biography turned out to be short-lived. But he was the first.

An Inventor's Odyssey

Creation Russian plane surrounded big amount historical mysteries, myths, inaccuracies and unresolved questions. Both objective historical realities and the peculiarities of thinking of domestic bureaucrats are to blame for this.

Sailor with a dream of wings

It is clear that the development engineer was not an aircraft designer - in his time there was no such profession. His biography was quite ordinary for a conscientious, poor nobleman. Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky (1825-1890) was a naval officer who rose to the rank of rear admiral. Navy officers often had good engineering training and were able to carry out complex calculations.

In 1850-1855, the young sailor took part in a long voyage to Japan, and even survived a shipwreck there. There is reason to believe that he became the author of the design of the first ship in Japan equipped with a keel.

Then he took part in the Khiva campaign, as a result of which he compiled a description of the Amu Darya and Aral Sea.

Mozhaisky also had the opportunity to serve on the frigate “Gremyashchy”, on which members of the royal family traveled.

The inventor had already served the rank of rear admiral “in civilian life” - he had to leave military service after the defeat in the Crimean War. He held administrative positions first in the Vologda and then in the Podolsk province.

In the latter, he gained a bad reputation, including due to aviation experiments. The peasants considered this “blasphemy.” Alexander Fedorovich also worked at the St. Petersburg Shipping Company, where he well mastered the principles of operation of steam engines.

Objective difficulties

In 1856, a young naval lieutenant became interested in the aerodynamics of bird flight and began to calculate the specific loads on their wings. Later he experimented a lot with kites and studied the properties of screws.

There is evidence that the researcher himself took to the air several times on a kite of his own design.

The results of these studies turned Mozhaisky into the inventor of the world's first aircraft. Although the only “field test” of the sample should have been considered unsuccessful, many of Mozhaisky’s ideas received successful development from other developers.

In his work, the inventor had to deal with serious unfavorable circumstances. In the second half of the century there was no theory of aerodynamics (it existed later). There were no materials that combined strength and lightness (aluminum at that time was classified as a precious metal). The choice of engines was also small - a steam engine, and nothing more.

The idea of creation aircraft with the ability to control and heavier than air has already gained popularity. Proposals on this part were put forward before Mozhaisky, including in Russia. But the design of an ornithopter, that is, a machine that flaps its wings in a bird’s likeness, seemed more attractive then.

Taking into account these objective difficulties, Mozhaisky’s achievements evoke even greater respect.

Problems of a different nature

But there were other obstacles. First of all, building an airplane cost money, and Mozhaisky didn’t have much of it. He was well off, but not rich. He managed to receive money from various state commissions, but not always when he asked for it, and always less than required. It also happened that he was advised to do something else (including ornithopter!)

To a large extent, the first aircraft was built at the expense of the designer himself. This also explains the modest success - Mozhaisky could not afford everything necessary equipment and assistants.

The path to the first flight

The history of the creation of the first aircraft is replete with “blank spots”. It contains many inaccuracies and discrepancies. But there are also facts that have been established precisely. Many of them are related to the circumstances of the inventor’s struggle with bureaucracy.

Overcoming bureaucratic obstacles

In 1872, the aircraft designer completed calculations of lift and drag for various conditions. They were made based on his work with the flight of birds. These studies led him to the idea of an "aircraft", that is, an aircraft close to the modern type, rather than an ornithopter.

In 1876, the inventor approached the War Department with his project for funding. He initially intended to make his creation military - it was planned to install a sight on it for bombing. The war with the Turks (1877-1878) was approaching, and the timing was well chosen. The ministry approved the project, but instead of the requested 19 thousand, only three were allocated.

The aircraft designer continued his work anyway, and 2 years later presented a model of the future aircraft to the commission (of a different composition). He was ready to move on to making a model capable of carrying a person, but this required funds. The commission refused, giving advice about an ornithopter.

Without giving up, the engineer obtained for himself a small sum of 2,500 rubles and the right to travel abroad, which gave him the opportunity to order engines in England based on his own designs. He paid extra for other materials and equipment out of his own pocket. In 1881, everything necessary was purchased. Mozhaisky again asked the Ministry for financial assistance (5 thousand) to carry out the work, but this time the request was “turned down” by the Tsar personally.

Mysteries of flight

But then the mysteries begin. Everyone agrees that a full-fledged model of A.F. Mozhaisky’s aircraft with a person on board was tested. But even the date of this test is in doubt. The official name of the day is July 20.

But for some reason the years vary among different specialists - from 1882 to 1885.

A report dated 1884 talks about previously successful tests of the “model”. Therefore, if you need to give an exact answer to the question of when the airplane was invented, you will have to name the year 1878. Then Mozhaisky received a “privilege” (patent) for his invention. But the design of 1881 was somewhat different from what was announced.

The test results are described differently. According to the most popular version, the world's first plane nevertheless took off from the ground, accelerating on a wooden walkway with a slight slope, and then fell onto the wing due to a pilot error. But there is also an opinion that the takeoff did not take place at all, and the plane crashed during the takeoff run.

No one doubts that the inventor himself did not try to fly.

It’s understandable - he’s not old enough to fly. The first Russian pilot was a mechanic, Mozhaisky’s assistant. It is known that he suffered non-life-threatening injuries in the accident, but it is not certain what his name was. Many historians name the name N. Golubev. But others are sure that there was no person with that name in Mozhaisky’s circle.

Specifications

The world's first aircraft was stored in improper conditions for a long time. After the death of its creator, it was completely dismantled. It has not been used in practical conditions and is specifications reconstructed based on Mozhaisky’s documents and descriptions of eyewitnesses.

Basic indicators

Mozhaisky's aircraft should be classified as a fuselage propeller monoplane. To create it, wood, varnished silk fabric, and wire were used. The engines were made in England. Russia itself has not yet produced enough good cars, and the designer rejected the American model.

According to research by technology historians, the aircraft had the following indicators:

Height – 7.5 m;
Length – 25 m;
Wing area – 329 sq.m;
Wingspan – 23.2 m;
Maximum take-off weight – 1266 kg;
Speed (estimated) – 40 km/h;
Number of screws – 3 (2 on the wings, 1 on the nose);
Number of engines – 2;
The total engine power is 30 hp. (20+10)

The plane had horizontal and vertical controls. During the work, changes were made to the design. So, according to the design, all the screws were supposed to be the same size, but the researchers found that in the final version the front screw was made larger than the other two. The engines were offset and the aircraft received a weighted nose.

The pilot had two control rudders, an inclinometer, an altimeter, and a compass at his disposal.
The creator called his brainchild “Firebird”.

Modern verification

IN Soviet time several prominent specialists in the field of aviation (V.F. Bolkhovitinov, B.N. Yuryev, V.B Shavrov, etc.) conducted research on the Mozhaisky project in order to check the possibility of its implementation.

Scientists have expressed different ideas. Many assumed that with steam engines the plane had no chance of taking off at all. But the main point of view was that it was possible, and even stabilized horizontal flight was possible. But this required additional conditions:

Inclined runway;
Engine afterburner at the start;
Headwind at takeoff.

Most experts agreed that with the available power of the machines, the aircraft had little chance of stable flight.

Obviously, the inventor also understood this. Soon after the tests, he tried to order more powerful engines. Lack of money got in the way.

Real results

Despite the modest results of the Firebird flight, A.F. Mozhaisky’s contribution to the development of aviation is great. Many of his ideas were then applied to more successful designs.

The engineer calculated formulas for aviation: the ratio of drag force and lift force;
In the process of work, Mozhaisky proposed the first attempts to formulate the laws of aerodynamics;
He used push and pull propellers; Nowadays, most propeller-driven aircraft use pulling structures;
The inventor was the first to propose a fuselage type of aircraft, which turned out to be the most promising;
Mozhaisky developed the theory of vertical and horizontal control. He was the first to put forward the idea of ailerons (controlling moving parts of the wings);
The fuselage of the aircraft was made in the shape of a boat, and the inventor himself argued that his creation should float. Thus, the Russian engineer should be considered the father of “flying boats”.

At that time, Mozhaisky’s developments did not receive wide publicity. As a result, balloonists died for a long time due to the lack of control systems (this is how the famous inventor Otto Lilienthal crashed). And the Wright brothers had to “reinvent the wheel” all over again.

They did it under more favorable conditions, which is why they got better results. At the same time, the brothers did not take into account some details that were interesting to Mozhaisky - there were no ailerons in their designs.

In books and films

But later the inventor was given his due. A village in the Vologda region, where he once lived, received his name. The St. Petersburg Military Space Academy bears his name.

Mozhaisky himself and his plane even turned into heroes of cinema and literary works.

In 1950, the poet S. Vasiliev wrote a poem about the testing of the first aircraft and its designer. In the same year, director V.I. Pudovkin depicted the testing scene of Mozhaisky’s aircraft in his film about Zhukovsky.
Modern literature has turned the “Firebird” into a hero of science fiction works.

In 2013, the book “Airplanes over Mukden” (alternative history genre) by the Belarusian writer A.E. Matvienko was published. In it, the fate of the invention was more favorable. And in 2016, the iconic V. Pelevin released “The Lamp of Methuselah,” which also depicts the invention of the first airplane in a fantastic form.

Russia is not the homeland of elephants, and it is not worth attributing all the world’s inventions to Russians. They've actually done enough. Including the invention of the airplane.

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