Hotels. Variety of architectural solutions for modern hotel complexes Architectural design of a hotel

Today, with what's going on rapid development tourism, special attention is paid to the development of the hotel business. The importance of a hotel or hotel complex in modern tourism infrastructure can hardly be overestimated. And this is no coincidence, since for travelers of our days, a hotel should temporarily become a cozy and comfortable home, where they will want to return again.

Many specialists are working on solving this issue and not last place This involves the work of an architect, who at the project stage lays the foundations for the hotel’s image. The architecture of a hotel or hotel complex includes both the external appearance of the buildings, their internal layout, as well as the landscape organization of the territory and the interior decoration of the premises. Each component is important, but only together, combining into one harmonious whole, they become a complete artistic image that corresponds to the general idea of the hotel. At the same time, the architectural appearance becomes the visual factor that makes the very first and strongest impression on a person.

And today, almost all modern architectural trends and trends are reflected in the architecture of hotels. Being a complex and complex object in its purpose, combining social and entertainment functions along with housing, the hotel allows the architect to realize all creative ideas and create an expressive and memorable image. To achieve this, architects often use planning techniques and building materials that are traditional for a given area. In combination with unexpected innovative ideas, the architects manage to create an attractive and memorable image of the hotel complex for tourists. Taking into account the different approaches to the architectural design of hotels, they can be divided into several groups - modern hotel complexes, hotels located in historical buildings and exotic hotels.

Modern high-rise hotels

The architectural appearance of such hotels usually does not have a national coloring - it is, first of all, a visual image modern architecture, amazing boldness of forms and technical solutions. The architecture is extremely functional and modern, using the latest achievements in construction technologies, modern designs and building materials. The latest engineering equipment - power and water supply, ventilation and heating systems allow you to create your own microclimate, an environment comfortable for people, inside the hotel complex.

Possessing autonomy, such complexes enable a person to realize his needs for entertainment and relaxation without going beyond his boundaries. In addition, such hotels have all the conditions for the successful holding of various business events - conventions, conferences, etc.

These hotels include the seven-star Burj al-Arab Hotel. This is the most large building in the Middle East, taller than the Eiffel Tower. The hotel is built in the shape of a yacht sail. He stands on a triangular artificial island 280 m from the coast of Jumeirah. The building has steel diagonal bracing along the outer sides of the walls and is mounted on concrete piles that extend into the seabed. Total area its premises are 111 thousand 480 m2, and the height of the building is 321 m. The hotel is equipped with the fastest elevators in the world. Their average speed is seven meters per second. On the very top floor there is a restaurant with fantastic views of the sea and coastline. The luxury hotel accommodates two hundred two-level rooms. The area of the smallest single room is 169 m2. The most exquisite materials were used to decorate the hotel's interiors: marble, precious woods, natural stone, leather, and even precious metals - more than 8 thousand m2 of the hotel is decorated with pure gold of the highest standard.

The designers took care not only of the beauty of the facade and interior decoration, but also of the convenience of the staff, who provide guests with truly impeccable service. Each floor has its own reception desk and butler service is provided to each guest. The hotel has 6 chic restaurants, one of which is underwater.

Today, modern hotel complexes are closely connected with the entertainment industry. This trend can be seen in hotels located within theme parks such as Disneyland. Under these conditions, the hotel is so consistent with the surrounding fairy-tale reality that it becomes a kind of decoration, against which guests receive an amazing feeling of a living illusion. The architecture of the hotels in the world gambling center of Las Vegas is characterized by the fact that they are based on the sights of various countries.

For example, the Paris - Las Vegas hotel is France on the American continent, and the New York - New York hotel consists of many Manhattan skyscrapers, in front of which a small copy of the Statue of Liberty is installed. Las Vegas also has its own little Venice - the Venice Hotel, which gives guests the opportunity to visit Venice, the most romantic city in Italy, without leaving the States. The Doge's Palace, the Bridge of Sighs and other Venetian landmarks have been recreated in the hotel complex with the highest authenticity. The construction of this hotel cost $4.2 billion.

The entertainment industry's entry into new level was marked by the opening of the Bellagio hotel-casino, which is a real art museum, for which paintings by famous artists were specially purchased: Van Gogh, Monet, Degas, Picasso and other celebrities.

Hotel construction in Las Vegas continues. Thus, D. Trump, an American billionaire, announced his intention to build the tallest hotel on the territory of the famous Street quarter in Las Vegas. The hotel will be similar to the Trump International Hotel and Tower building in New York. Construction of the 64-story hotel, consisting of 1,000 rooms and 50 luxury apartments, is scheduled to begin in 2005. Its cost is estimated at 300 million dollars. Construction duration may be 18-24 months. The 197 m tall hotel will be taller than the 187 m Wynn Las Vegas hotel, which will be completed in April 2005. Moreover, its cost is estimated at $2.6 billion. The Palazzo hotel, 196 m high, is being built next to it, the construction of which will cost $1.6 billion. It is planned that it will be put into operation in 2007.

New life for old hotels

The trend of preserving and restoring old hotels can be seen almost all over the world. This is especially noticeable in Europe, where many genuine architectural monuments have been preserved. In the architecture of hotels, the most noticeable trend is to respect history, and old buildings acquire new life. IN European capitals And historical cities with the rich cultural traditions such hotels are usually located in close proximity to other historical sites.

The most fashionable of them are located in ancient buildings of architectural and historical value in the existing urban area. Many hotels have been around for a long time, have their own history and traditions, and are proud of their famous guests. The level of comfort in them is at the highest level, since during the process of reconstruction and renovation they were equipped with all modern engineering equipment. At the same time, the external appearance of the building and the interior underwent restoration, they were returned to their original appearance, and the authentic atmosphere of a bygone era was recreated. The interiors and all the decoration of such hotels are made in the style and traditions of a certain historical period. Such hotels have become world famous.

For example, the Parisian Hotel Meurice is considered the most prestigious hotel in France and is part of the famous Dorchester Group, which includes the most fashionable hotels in the world. Over the 183 years of its existence, the hotel was reconstructed three times (in 1907, 1947 and 2000). The architect and designer who carried out the reconstruction project were well aware that Meurice was not just the oldest hotel in Paris - it was part of its history. In Paris, which is called the living room for the whole world, there are a large number of hotels located in renovated old buildings. These are the Hotel Saints-Peres, a charming and noble old mansion with completely restored interiors, and the Hotel Lotti, first opened in 1910, where rooms are decorated in the styles of Louis XV and Louis XVI.

Built in 1889, the Lancaster Hotel was completely renovated in 1996 and still perfectly exemplifies the “art of living French” during the Second Empire. In the very center of Paris is the great and unique Ritz. The preservation of historical buildings is also at the heart of the urban planning policies of other Western countries. In Zurich (Switzerland), which, while remaining one of the largest business centers in the world, combines the sophistication of antiquity and the elegant simplicity of a modern cultural center, is the Dolder Grant Hotel. Located on a high hill in an ancient city park, it was built about a hundred years ago in the Art Nouveau style (French L "Art Nouveau - new art). The appearance of the hotel matches the surrounding landscape and resembles a castle.

The trend of old buildings finding new life and a new destiny has led to the fact that real castles, which time has spared, have become strongholds of hospitality today.

For example, the medieval castle Amberley Castle, which has been rising among the majestic hills and vast lakes of West Sussex for almost nine centuries, 120 km from London, amazes with its delightful atmosphere of privacy and serene peace. The hotel has just nineteen individually decorated apartments with antique furniture and luxurious fabrics, providing all modern amenities.

Recently, another approach to the architectural design of hotels located in historical buildings has become increasingly widespread. Taking care of the appearance and facades, the architect reserves the right to create an interior that is completely new in style and spirit. So, located in the heart of London near Trafalgar Square The five-star One Aldwych hotel strikes with a sharp contrast - a turn-of-the-century building and an ultra-modern interior.

Exotic hotel business

The architecture of hotels in this group depends on those design features that affect the safety of residents. For example, to equip the underwater hotel "Jules" Undersea Lodge, two oceanographers Jan Koblik and Neil Money converted their underwater laboratory, located at a depth of 21 m underwater in the Emerald Lagoon in Florida. The hotel is designed for 6 guests, equipped with a shower, kitchen, living room, even a telephone, living area - 600 m2.

You can only enter Jules" Undersea Lodge with scuba gear; the "entrance hall" is located on land and resembles a descent into a swimming pool. Guests enter the hotel through the so-called wet room, where they can change into regular clothes and take a shower. At the hotel, visitors get by without breathing apparatus, since the sealed room is filled with air. Control to maintain normal conditions in the hotel is carried out at a station located on the surface in the Emerald Lagoon. The station is connected to the hotel by a cable through which air, water and electricity are supplied to the hotel. that "Jules" Undersea Lodge" is the world's first underwater hotel. The creators of the underwater hotel initially had plans to build a network of similar facilities. But on at the moment, they are in no hurry to develop this idea.

Hotels located in trees are also popular. The peculiarity of the Ariau Jungle Tower hotel complex is precisely that it is located in the trees. The hotel is located at the confluence of the Rio Negro and the Amazon, 55 km from the capital of the Amazon - Manaus.. And this is not just the eccentricity of the architects. There were several reasons for raising the rooms to a height of 50 m. Firstly, in a particularly unfavorable season, the water level here rises by 20-25 m. In addition, in the Amazon there are a lot of all kinds of living creatures that are not averse to feasting on unwary European tourists, for example, cute piranha fish. But despite this, Ariau Jungle Tower is very popular among the world elite. At one time, Bill Clinton, the presidents of all Latin American countries and German President Roman Herzog visited here. VIP guests took part in the conference, which is held here very often. Despite the “minor” inconveniences, the hotel is so captivating with its exotic beauty that there is simply no end to the guests.

Newlyweds book for honeymoon tower “Tarzan in Love”, located at an altitude of 60 m. Who is cooler occupies apartments in the “Imperial Tower”. And for ordinary guests, the whole range of usual services - rooms with baths and air conditioning, guides who speak several languages, and, of course, two swimming pools, at a height of four meters above the ground.

Hotels in trees are not uncommon today. There are similar “suspended hotels” in other regions of the world. For example, in Turkey, the “tree” hotel “Kadir's tree houses” has been operating for more than 17 years. It has 300 beds and consists of a couple of dozen cobblestone huts built right on the branches of giant trees.

IN recent years Work is actively underway to create space hotels. On May 25, 2002, an agreement in principle was reached between Russian company Atlas Aerospace and the international corporation Mircorp on the creation of an orbital hotel for tourists. Of course, there are serious disagreements between them about what the world's first space hotel should be. Mircorp offers the traditional option hitherto used in the world, that is, a universal station. From the point of view of Atlas Aerospace, in addition to the high cost, such a station has a significant drawback - high costs during operation and maintenance during periods of forced downtime. It was for these reasons that the Mir station was flooded.

Atlas Aerospace proposes to use a fundamentally new approach - modular construction, in which individual parts of the station are highly specialized, inexpensive, and can be launched into orbit and sunk autonomously, if necessary. A flexible approach allows you to build a ship from modules for a specific task. At the same time, it is planned to significantly change the internal design of the space module, adapt it to more comfortable living, and increase the volume of living space. The hotel's life support system will be powered by the engines of the ship delivering tourists into orbit. Thus, when the crew is not on board, it is just a blank, whose stay in space costs nothing to its owners on Earth.

According to the partners’ calculations, the initial price of the project (the main connections that ensure the functioning of the hotel in the simultaneous mode of receiving two tourists) is $100 million. Even for an earthly hotel this is very little, but for space it is not money at all, because the launch of one “shuttle” costs $500 million The visiting station, as the partners prefer to call it, will have two chairs. The cost of each ticket with regular launches can drop to $10-15 million. In addition to tourism, the visiting station has a second promising purpose - a platform for alternative scientific programs. There are other areas of activity, for example, the possibility of space access for countries that are not currently members of the ISS space club. And finally, the hotel can become a unique location for various filming. Experts admit that despite the different approaches, this is the first large joint project in the history of commercial space exploration involving two companies.

The stage when each private company sought to enter orbit alone has passed. Time has shown that in order to implement space programs, cooperation between the financial and technical capabilities of former competitors is simply necessary. The general contractor of the joint project is NPO Energia. Instead of conclusion B modern world exists huge amount hotels. They differ in purpose, capacity, number of floors, type of structures, level of comfort, location and other characteristics.

All these signs, in turn, influence the architectural and planning solution, and therefore the image of the hotel. After all, today a hotel has ceased to be just a place for temporary overnight accommodation. A high level of comfort is no longer enough. To succeed in competition, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of the modern market. Simply entertaining guests and ensuring their comfort is now too little, you also need to surprise, and maybe even stun.

In Russia and the CIS, interesting hotel projects are rare - for all obvious reasons. However, there are several hotels. Our selection includes ten Russian designer hotels, two in Georgia and one each in Azerbaijan and Ukraine, with accommodation costs ranging from 2,350 to 30,000 rubles per night.

Barvikha Hotel&SPA

Where: Russia, Barvikha, Rublevo-Uspenskoe highway, 114/3
When open: end 2008
Architecture/design: Antonio Citterio, Ekaterina Rutkovskaya
How much does it cost per night: on booking.com - from RUB 30,000. for a double room (breakfast included)

The hotel building would fit well into the Eskpo exhibition town, which, as you know, is always designed by the very best architects. At the same time, it fits perfectly into the surrounding landscape - and here we mean not only the most expensive village in Russia, Luxury Village, where the hotel is located, but also the Moscow region pine forests: the hotel’s wood-trimmed facades become, as it were, a continuation of them. The interior is also dominated by natural materials (wood, marble, linen) and colors (chocolate, vanilla, sand), and the furniture, made by B&B Italia according to designs by Antonio Citterio specifically for the hotel, does not scream about its exclusivity, but is organically included in the space. // barvikhahotel.com

11 Mirrors

Where: Ukraine, Kyiv, st. Bohdana Khmelnitsky, 34A
When open: November 2012
Architecture/design: Anatoly Kirik and Marina Leo
How much does it cost per night: on booking.com - from 18,426 rubles. for a double room (breakfast included)

In working on the project of this hotel, its owner Vladimir Klitschko became for the designers Anatoly Kirik and Marina Leo what Stalin was for Iofan: an ideologist and, in fact, a co-author. Which speaks only in favor of the boxer: the hotel became the only one in the CIS to be included in the international association Design Hotels. In addition, in 2012 it received the International Hotel Award in the category “Best Small Hotel”. The narrow eleven-story building with a granite facade combines modern design and 19th century architecture century. The hotel's interior is dominated by mirrors and glass - which means air and lightness, which are always in short supply in large capitals. // 11mirrors-hotel.com

Rooms Hotel Kazbegi

Where: Georgia, Stepantsminda, st. Vakhtanga Gorgasali, 1
When open: summer 2012
Architecture/design:
How much does it cost per night: on booking.com - from 8469 rub. for a double room (breakfast included)

From the village of Stepantsminda (until 2007 - Kazbegi) climbs to the second highest point Caucasus Mountain Kazbek, which rises in all its glory above the village. Nata Dzhanberidze and Keti Toloraya from the Rooms bureau came up with a convincing reason not to leave the village. The mountains, which enter the hotel space through the panoramic windows of all rooms and design it, certainly attract all the attention of hotel guests. The interior, as it were, only frames this grandiose picture: natural wood, stones, light and air, home comfort that does not contradict modern laconicism - if there is a place more in tune with Kazbek, it is only a tent under its peak. //roomshotel.ge

This panorama deserves special attention.

W St.Petersburg

Where:Russia, St. Petersburg, Voznesensky prospect, 6
When open: June 2011
Architecture/design: Vladimir Grigoriev / Antonio Citterio
How much does it cost per night:on booking.com - from RUB 14,160. for a double room (breakfast not included)

Hotels of the W chain have some constant, which does not change from city to city (for example, a branded W-bed), and a variable, which expresses the author's style of designers and architects. In this case, Italian designer Antonio Citterio also had the task of fitting the hotel into the culturally and historically rich urban context. Citterio coped with the task brilliantly - in places literally: the color scheme is dominated by chrome and gold. The restrained beauty, straight lines and open spaces characteristic of St. Petersburg shape the interiors of the W Hotel, into which the St. Isaac's Dome and other views of the city penetrate as the most important feature through huge windows. // wstpetersburg.ru

JW Marriott Absheron Baku Hotel

Where: Azerbaijan, Baku, Azadlig Square, 674
When open: December 2012
Architecture/design: ReardonSmith Architects
How much does it cost per night: on booking.com - from RUB 10,007. for a double room with a single bed and from 12,508 rubles. for a double room with a double bed (breakfast not included)

It cannot be said that the architectural design of the hotel is striking in its novelty and boldness, but perhaps this is exactly what a lifetime monument to a successful resource-based economy should look like: glass, symmetry and elevation above the city. The specialists of the British firm ReardonSmith, obviously, acted within the framework of the order - and settled into this Procrustean bed with all possible elegance. And although the rooms in the JW Marriott Absheron are quite standard for a five-star hotel, without any interior revelations, in the lobby and other public spaces the designer managed to solve a very difficult task. Namely, to pronounce the word luxury so that it does not sound abusive. //marriott.com

Grand-Hotel & Spa Rodina

Where: Russia, Sochi, st. Vinogradnaya, 33
When open: July 2006
Architecture/design: Mateo Thun, Domus Aurea Design Interiors Group
How much does it cost per night: on booking.com -from 23,200 rub. for a double room (breakfast included)

A striking example of an acute, and therefore spectacular, discrepancy between form and content: minimalism in the packaging of Stalinist architecture. The living quarters were designed by the court decorators of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands - Suzanne Loggier and Patrick Brugman from Domus Aurea Design Interiors Group. They designed every detail of the interior of all forty hotel rooms specifically for Rodina. There is, however, a semantic connection between the outside and the inside - public spaces with marble floors and crystal chandeliers, designed by the Italian Mateo Thun, build a bridge from Stalinist neoclassicism to modern ideas about beauty and comfort. // grandhotelrodina.ru

Rooms Hotel Tbilisi

Where: Georgia, Tbilisi, st. Kostava, 14
When open: October 2014
Architecture/design: Nata Dzhanberidze and Keti Toloraya (Rooms design bureau)
How much does it cost per night: on booking.com - from RUB 19,395. for a double room (breakfast not included)

The second hotel of the chain, named after the design studio Rooms, which was responsible for the design of both hotels. Rooms Hotel Tbilisi is located in the very center of the Georgian capital in the building of the former Samshoblo printing house. Thanks to the efforts of Nata Dzhanberidze and Keti Toloraya, the concrete ruins acquired a loft-bohemian chic. The key components of interior decoration are wood and leather. Plus, each room (141 in total) is decorated with handmade wallpaper, including silk-screened patterns. There are many vintage items placed in the halls and rooms - they add atmosphere to the hotel. //roomshotels.com

DoubleTree by Hilton Moscow - Marina

Where: Russia, Moscow, Leningradskoe highway 39, building 1
When open: October 2014
Architecture/design: ADM bureau, Frontarchitecture architectural bureau together with Martin Hulbert Design
How much does it cost per night: on the hotel website - from 12,000 rubles. for a room with two single beds and from 13,500 rubles. for a double room with one large bed (breakfast not included)

Situated on the banks of the Moscow River, the hotel was designed by ADM to the strict standards of the Hilton brand, in practice meaning extremely simple forms and straight corridors. The architectural studio Frontarchitecture was responsible for the interior design. The interiors are made in warm colors and furnished with furniture made from natural materials. // hilton.ru

Mriya Resort & Spa

Where: Russia, Crimea, Yalta, p. Opolznevoye, General Ostryakov Street, 9
When open: August 2014
Architecture/design: Norman Foster
How much does it cost per night: on booking.com - from RUB 7,099. for a double room (breakfast included)

This year-round resort, which includes a five-star hotel (408 rooms and 14 villas), medical and spa centers, was designed by the famous Norman Foster, the author of Wembley Stadium and the Millennium Bridge in London. In September 2016, the complex, shaped like either an elegant flower or an alien ship, was recognized as the best in Europe according to the World Travel Awards - an analogue of the Oscars for tourism industry. // mriya.me

Boutique Hotel "Rodniki"

Where: Russia, Vladimir region, Alexandrov, 80 km from MKAD
When open: February 2013
Architecture/design: Mikhail and Dmitry Ganevich from the Atrium architectural bureau
How much does it cost per night: on booking.com - from 21,000 rub. for a suite with a bedroom and living room and a terrace overlooking the forest (breakfast included)

The complex, consisting of 6 cottages (2 rooms in each), a spa center and a restaurant, contrary to stereotypes about a Russian country hotel, does not look like either a hut or an estate. The asymmetrical buildings made of concrete and glass with sloping roofs are made in a modern style. The interior decoration uses mainly stone, wood and shingles. Each room is equipped with heated floors, a fireplace, a dressing room and a terrace with a garden. The hotel also has a complex with a Finnish sauna and a Japanese furako sauna. // rodniki-hotel.ru

The architecture of the capital's buildings makes it possible to determine with an accuracy of up to a decade when and under which ruler they were erected. Not all residential buildings built in the last century have survived to this day. The same cannot be said about hotels. In this material we will look at five “hotel heroes” in various categories, whose “life path” can tell about political and historical milestones in the development of the city of Moscow.

Five stars - Moscow Hotel

The Moscow Hotel, occupying an entire block, was one of the first hotels built in Soviet Moscow. The massive building plays a dominant role in shaping the area immediately adjacent to the Kremlin. "Moscow" is distinguished by complex architectural plasticity, designed to harmonize the structure with the neighboring Kremlin and building Historical Museum. Construction of the hotel took place from 1933 to 1935 according to the design of architects L. Savelyev, O. Stapran and A. Shchusev.

Okhotny Ryad, considered one of the most unsanitary areas of the city at the beginning of the 20th century, became the first Moscow district to undergo radical reconstruction in the 1920s. Which is not surprising: after all, there were numerous shops and taverns there. The Soviet authorities decided to “clean up” the city center and build something monumental in place of the shopping arcades. In 1922, they planned to build the Palace of Labor here. The representative competition for the best project did not lead to realized results. Due to financial difficulties, construction was postponed. However, work on the reconstruction of the building began: in the same year, the Alexander Nevsky Chapel on Manezhnaya Square was demolished; in 1924, mass demolition of retail shops in the southern part of Okhotny Ryad began (mostly wooden buildings). In 1930, the Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church was demolished, and all market trade was moved to Tsvetnoy Boulevard.

The initial project of the Mossovet hotel (project name), completed in the late 1920s by young architects O. Stapran and L. Savelyev, was decided in the spirit of constructivism and was in obvious contradiction with the established historical appearance of the area. The severe asceticism of the massive building did not fit in with the ensemble of the Kremlin, the development of Okhotny Ryad, Tverskaya and Mokhovaya streets.

Savelyev's option

Alexey Shchusev was invited as a co-author, called upon to correct the “mistakes” of the project. By that time, the frame box of the building was already being completed, and it was not possible to make significant changes. However, Shchusev, with great ingenuity and tact, made changes to the project, adding laconic decor in the spirit of neoclassicism, without violating the constructivist basis of the building design.

General plan (Shchusev)

The result was a strict and monumental eight-column portico six stories high with an open terrace, spacious loggias-arcades in the center of the main facade, and numerous balconies. The corners of the building were accented with turrets. The building itself has acquired greater plasticity thanks to a more pronounced division of the main facade.

The architects made 18 sets of furniture from different types of trees especially for the hotel. And on December 20, 1935, the first visitors were able to see all the luxury of the first Soviet hotel.

Room plan

They say that some citizens who were awarded a trip to “Moscow” were so afraid of dirtying the interior of their rooms that they slept right on the floor. In addition to workers and collective farmers, among the guests were Alexei Stakhanov, Valery Chkalov, Demyan Bedny, Georgy Zhukov, Lyudmila Tselikovskaya, Mikhail Zharov, Arkady Raikin, Yuri Gagarin, Boris Yeltsin, and the last “star” resident was Robert De Niro.

At the same time, Shchusev completed sketches of the second stage of the hotel, but it did not come to the construction of new buildings. The 10-story building facing Revolution Square (facing the Lenin Museum building) and the 6-story building facing Teatralnaya Square began to be built only in 1968. To implement the project, it was necessary to demolish a number of buildings adjacent to Moskva from the east, including the old Grand Hotel. Architects A. Boretsky, D. Solopov and I. Rozhkin generally took into account the compositional ideas laid down by their predecessors. The second stage of the hotel was put into operation in 1977, on the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution; Thus, the buildings of the Moscow Hotel occupied an entire block. However, the decor of the new buildings turned out to be drier in design; The 6-story building was generally designed in the spirit of an ordinary concrete box, which, according to some experts, introduced a sharp dissonance into the ensemble of Theater Square.

Drinkers have probably noticed the façade not only in old Soviet films, but also on the vodka label. According to legend, state security analysts came up with the idea of placing the building there. It was believed that such vodka was consumed by bosses and creative individuals, and accordingly, according to the security officers, they would someday stay in a hotel, which they often see on their table. And there you can listen to them and draw conclusions.

In 1942, the national poet of Belarus, Yanka Kupala, died in Moscow. He slipped on a marble staircase and fell down a flight of stairs from the 10th floor. The police considered it an accident, although there were rumors among the people that the NKVD had a hand in this death. And when the hotel began to be dismantled in 2003, there were rumors that Beria’s secret bunker had been found on the sixth floor: its walls were one and a half meters thick, so the builders had to work hard to dismantle this shelter. Under the building, explosives were discovered, which were planted at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War to blow up the hotel if the Germans got to it.

But then there was no need to destroy the hotel. This began to be done 60 years later, when the building was declared unsafe. The last guests received as a bonus a voucher to stay in a new hotel for a week. The authorities promised that it would be possible to use the gift as early as 2010.

Hotel "Moscow" on a USSR postage stamp, 1946 The building of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (left) and a fragment of the Hotel "Moscow" on a USSR postage stamp issued for the 800th anniversary of Moscow

There is a legend that J.V. Stalin personally approved the final project of the hotel presented by Shchusev, and it was this circumstance that became the reason for the noticeable asymmetry of the main facade of the building. The architect prepared a project of the main facade with two design options for approval. Both options were combined in one drawing and separated by an axis of symmetry: on the right side of the drawing a more strict version was depicted, on the left side - a variant with a large number decorative details. Stalin put his signature in the middle: none of the designers dared to clarify what exactly Joseph Vissarionovich had in mind, and Shchusev implemented both design options in one façade, in literal accordance with the approved drawing. Allegedly for this reason, the risalits of the main facade differ from each other. This is nothing more than a beautiful legend. Stalin did not sign the projects. In fact, everything turned out to be much more prosaic: the signature under one of the variants of the facade, divided by an axis of symmetry, was put by Shchusev. Next, the drawings were sent to the builders, who did everything as in the picture. At that time, parallel to the construction of the building, scaffolding was erected, which hid the error until it was dismantled.

The total area of the complex will be 183,000 sq. m. m. The project of a new building on the site of a destroyed hotel was developed by the architect of the State Unitary Enterprise Mosproekt-2 named after. M.V. Posokhin” by V.V. Kolosnitsyn. The customer for the reconstruction is JSC Dekmos.

Four stars - Cosmos Hotel

The Cosmos hotel complex was built to serve the XXII Summer Olympic Games, held in Moscow in 1980.

Hotel "Cosmos". 1980s

The architecture and design of the building with a view of VDNH and the monument to the “Conquerors of Space” were developed jointly by a team of Soviet and French architects (V. Andreev, T. Zaikin, V. Steyskal - Mosproekt-1; O. Kakub, P. Zhugle, S. Epstein - France).

Hotel included: 1718 standard rooms for 2 beds, 53 two-room suites, 6 four-room suites and about 3,600 places in the hotel catering network.

When planning the premises, we had to strictly adhere to Soviet standards, which were not only very different from Western ones, but were also much stricter. The construction of the building was carried out by the French company Sefri.

The official opening of the hotel took place on July 18, 1979. It was attended by many prominent political figures, businessmen, and pop stars. Special guest singer Joe Dassin sang.

“Cosmos,” unlike the similar “Zarya” and “Tourist,” is a twenty-five-story building resembling the shape of a horseshoe.

During the Olympic Games, the hotel housed the Olympic press center. The hotel also hosted many other public events: the Festival of Youth and Students, TV shows “Morning Star”, “Song of the Year”, the “Crystal Boat” competition, and in 2004 the Cosmos Hotel hosted the “People’s Artist-2” project. Among the hotel guests were such famous personalities as: Joe Dassin, Alla Pugacheva, Garry Kasparov and others famous people.

“Cosmos” also became famous for the fact that Tõnis Mägi performed the song “Olympics 80” at the main entrance to the hotel.

And in the film “Day Watch” the hotel was the headquarters of the dark forces. Some of the filming took place in the hotel.

However, despite the fact that the hotel developers claimed that there was no doubt about the safety of the facility, in 2010, an employee of a cleaning company who was monitoring the cleanliness of the hotel hair salon was boiled alive in an elevator shaft. The tragedy occurred when she was taking the elevator down to the ground floor with bags of garbage. When the elevator doors opened, the main heating pipe suddenly burst. The temperature of the liquid (water with the addition of special additives) in the tanks at the time of the accident was about 130 degrees. A powerful stream of boiling water doused the unfortunate woman. The woman died on the spot. The accident on the heating main occurred as a result of a valve failure.

Currently, Russian and Russian tourists stay at the Cosmos Hotel. foreign tourists and business people, participants in exhibitions held at the All-Russian Exhibition Center, anyone who finds the hotel’s location convenient.

Three stars - Izmailovo Hotel

The history of the Izmailovo Hotel is closely connected with the history of the city of Moscow. In 1980, Moscow was chosen as the center for the Olympic Games. The city expected a large influx of foreign athletes, fans and reporters, attracted by the spectacular games and competitions of the central sporting event of the year.

It was decided to build a hotel in the greenest district of Moscow - Izmailovo.

A large team worked on the project for the construction of the Izmailovo hotel: architects D. Burdin and Yu. Rabaev, engineer E. Skorodumov, famous sculptor Z. Tsereteli and many others.

As a result, a decent architectural monument, for the work on which the authors were awarded a state prize.

Despite the fact that participation in the 1980 Olympic Games was boycotted by the majority of capitalist states, many guests and participants gathered.

According to the creators' idea, the hotel and tourist complex was supposed to be connected with the Olympic Games at all levels: both in spatial embodiment and in color design. The Olympic rings, symbols of the continents of the Earth, were taken as a basis. That is why the Izmailovo Hotel is a complex of five high-rise buildings of 30 floors each, two of which are connected at the ends. And the names of the buildings were given according to the letters of the Greek alphabet: Alpha, Beta, Vega, Gamma-Delta. The buildings of the complex were located around the square on which the concert hall was built.

The people called them in the Russian manner - “ABVGD-ykoy”. All 5 buildings could simultaneously accommodate up to 10 thousand people, which was recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. Of course, during the construction of such a facility of international importance, the advanced technologies of that time were initially used; the interior of the hotel and equipment met international standards of safety and service.

Thus, the hotel heat supply system is not inferior in power to three district boiler houses. During the construction of Izmailovo, innovative developments of Soviet scientists were also used: a system for automatic registration of numbers, mechanical dust and smoke removal. The developers also introduced a fundamentally new ventilation and air conditioning system and sprinkler fire extinguishing system.

After the Olympic Games, Izmailovo was transferred to the USSR hotel department and the buildings were opened to accommodate ordinary citizens and guests of the capital. Later, the hotel complex hosted more participants in mass and all-Union international events - the Goodwill Games, the Festival of Youth and Students, and the Spartakiads of the Peoples of the USSR. According to the Soviet classification of service level, Izmailovo corresponded to the level of Intourservice.

After the collapse of the USSR, a period of reforms began, and the Izmailovo hotel complex did not escape the problems of that time: centralized management of the hotel complex and budget funding ceased. It should be noted that the management of the Izmailovo hotel did not make the worst decision - the enterprise was corporatized and put up for a privatization loans-for-shares auction, not in its entirety, but in parts. This move allowed potential buyers to more profitably privatize hotel buildings in parts. Thus, in the structure of the hotel business in the 90s, Izmailovo began to be positioned as 5 independent hotel enterprises. This is a separation between commercial and economic activity exists even now, but Muscovites still perceive their favorite ABVGDeika as a single hotel complex.

Currently, all buildings of the Izmailovo hotel and tourist complex correspond to a three-star level of service according to international certification.

Two stars - hotel "Slavyanka"

Hotel “Slavyanka” is also a hotel “with history”. This year she turned 77 years old, most of which she was known as the hotel of the Central House of the Soviet Army (CDSA), becoming “Slavyanka” only in 1995.

It was built on the site of the demolished Church of St. John the Warrior on Bozhedomka. The place itself was associated with the army.

At the Slavyanka Hotel in different times Many famous military leaders stayed, in particular A.I. Pokryshkin, I.N. Kozhedub. During the Great Patriotic War, the most distinguished front-line soldiers were housed here, who came to the capital to receive government awards and underwent rehabilitation after treatment in hospitals. At this time in the history of the hotel there were moments when there were cots even in the corridors. Future generals and marshals of our army spent many nights there. French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen regiment also lived here.

Comrades could find lost fellow soldiers. The heroes of the defense of the Brest Fortress often held meetings there. There is a lot of evidence of chance meetings between veterans who thought they would never see each other again.

The current management of Slavyanka would like to have a corner of the hotel’s history, but so far cannot find many important documents. For more than 60 years, the hotel was a structural unit of the Central House of the Soviet Army, but there is not a word about it in the documents. Only orders for personnel have been preserved.

Muscovites and guests of the capital who pass by the gray seven-story building, at the entrance to which there are sculptures of a pilot and a tankman in the uniform of the 30s of the last century, believe that the inside of the military hotel has not changed much since its opening.

The management of “Slavyanka” was even approached by the film crews of the historical film with a request to film in the old interiors. Imagine the director’s surprise when it turned out that there was virtually nothing left of the hostel hotel as it had been for many years, of the old pre-war and post-war situation. Perhaps only the sculptures at the entrance, which have become a striking attraction of “Slavyanka” and near which both domestic guests and foreigners love to take pictures.

And today in Slavyanka every guest is welcome, but special treatment here, of course, is for military personnel and members of their families. It offers visitors 305 comfortable rooms of various categories. The Slavyanka Hotel has a convenient location: in the city center, near the Russian Army Theater and the Olimpiysky sports complex. At the same time, prices for accommodation are affordable for many.

Congress hotel - “Iris Congress Hotel”

For many decades, the name of Svyatoslav Fedorov has been associated with the concept of progress in medicine. In the sixties, he began to solve the most complex problem in medical and social aspects - replacing the clouded lens with an artificial one. And in the late seventies he offered the world another innovative technology - relieving patients of myopia using incisions (“notches”) on the cornea.

After multifaceted experimental studies, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich carried out the first successful implantation of an intraocular lens in the USSR, thereby opening a new direction in science. The following decades proved the promise of his chosen scientific direction. Only in Russia S.N. Fedorov and his students performed about 1.5 million such operations.

However, few people know that Svyatoslav Fedorov was involved in the opening of the first world-class chain hotel in the USSR.

In 1989, he decided to build a luxury hotel at the Eye Microsurgery MNTK for wealthy foreign clients who came to Moscow to undergo eye surgery. The French company Bouygues was invited to design and build the hotel.

The Iris project was the first for the company in Russia. Subsequently, Bouygues had many successful projects in the Russian Federation - construction shopping centers "Atrium" and "Mega Belaya Dacha", as well as the reconstruction of the Main building of Moscow State University in Moscow, the building Hyatt Hotel in Yekaterinburg, etc.

Fedorov assumed that foreign citizens They will be more willing to come to the USSR if they are offered all the conditions for living at the highest level.

The architecture of the hotel was unique for Russia. Many people associated the external cladding of the hotel with coastal hotels in world resorts.

In addition, for the first time, the hotel featured a huge atrium, with a dome shaped like the iris of the eye. And the hotel itself was shaped like a human eye.

The French chain Accor was involved in managing the hotel. This was one of the first foreign operators in the nascent Russian market. The French managed the hotel under the luxury brand Pullman Iris 5*, which opened its doors to its first guests in early 1991.

Some associated the name of the object with the Latin word “iris,” which means the iris of the eye, while others deciphered it as the capital letters of the names of Fedorov’s wife, Irena, and himself, Slava.

In 1993 management company replaced the hotel brand with a more democratic one - Sofitel Iris 5*.

During times of shortage, many citizens came to Iris to get acquainted with French cuisine, since the Champs-Elysees restaurant functioned on the ground floor, where one could enjoy oysters and Beaujolais.

However, after the collapse of the USSR and the successes of Japanese doctors in the field of ophthalmology, Fedorov’s plans collapsed like a house of cards. Iris never saw the influx of wealthy guests with low vision. And in 1998, the Accor chain left the project, and the hotel, the construction of which was carried out with loan funds, went under the hammer after the tragic death of Fedorov.

However, with the development of the hotel business in Russia, it became clear that a hotel whose location is far from the city center (Korovinskoe highway, building 10) cannot in any way be called “five-star”. The hotel is changing owners, who are transforming the management system, trying to find Iris's niche in the market. The hotel was renamed the Iris Congress Hotel.

The focus on conferences and events has been the hotel's economic savior. Positioning from this perspective allowed us to double the facility’s revenue. The new owner Amtel Properties, which appeared in the mid-2000s, increases its emphasis on the provision of congress services.

And the fact that there is a registry office next to the hotel has provided the Iris Congress Hotel with orders for weddings and other celebrations for years to come. Because in terms of quality and services provided, few hotels in the capital can compete with Iris.

An interesting fact is that Fedorov planned to build an operating room in one of the hotel halls. And according to legend, he managed to carry out several successful operations in it.

Over the course of 20 years, its guests included famous people: prominent politicians, scientists, musical groups, domestic and foreign pop stars, famous coaches and athletes - participants in the Formula 1 race, famous football, basketball and hockey teams.

And now the hotel retains its individuality and history. Thus, the unique architecture and interiors attract the attention of not only guests, but also filmmakers - feature films and TV series are regularly filmed within the hotel’s walls.

The hotel has 201 rooms, including 20 two-room suites and one presidential suite. Iris also includes: a fitness center, 12 conference rooms and meeting rooms, a multifunctional transformable hall with a stage, a business center, parking and several lawns for barbecue.

Anastasia Kremenchuk

In the old days, on the corner of Mokhovaya and Tverskaya streets, there were stone flour shops; in the mid-1890s, the Balaklava tavern was located here. A few years later, ownership passed to the Varvara joint-stock company of homeowners, which in 1900 began construction of a first-class hotel designed by the architect Alexander Vasilyevich Ivanov, an architect who by that time was already well known in Moscow, who built the office building of the Morozov Tver Manufactory Partnership on Varvarka and the house of the insurance company "Russia" on Lubyanka Square. The hotel, called “National”, received its first guests in 1903.

The facades of the building were made in a mixture of styles, combining neo-Renaissance with neoclassicism and Art Nouveau details, which gives them the impression of stylistic uncertainty, but at the same time imparts individual character. The architect used natural stone and ceramic tiles, stucco molding and smooth plaster in the decoration. The corner attic was decorated with a majolica panel “Apollo and the Muses”, made at the Moscow Butyrka ceramic factory of S. I. Mamontov “Abramtsevo” by artists S. V. Chekhonin and A. Ya. Golovin. Soon after the revolution, it was replaced by another panel, on an industrial theme, made according to the sketches of F. I. Rerberg, all at the same Abramtsevo plant.

The interiors amazed with their luxury and splendor: marble staircases, mosaic floors, huge stained glass windows, figures of Atlanteans near the entrance to the elevators, painted ceilings. Furniture in the rooms is made to special order from precious wood. A whole range of modern technical innovations: electric elevators, telephones, a steam heating system manufactured at the San Galli foundry. Many rooms were equipped with bathrooms and water closets.

Hotel accommodation was not cheap (up to 25 rubles per day ) , but there was no end to the number of guests - rich industrialists, merchants, and foreign diplomats willingly stayed here. In 1913, Nicholas II’s uncle, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, lived in “National”. Prominent figures of Russian culture also did not shy away from the luxurious hotel - Ivan Bunin, Anna Pavlova, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov lived here at different times.

The fate of the hotel changed greatly after 1917. During the October battles, the building was damaged by artillery shelling. And immediately after the transfer of the capital from Petrograd to Moscow, members of the Soviet government settled here for some time before moving to the Kremlin in a “modest” bourgeois environment: Lenin, Sverdlov, Trotsky, Dzerzhinsky. For many years, the hotel became the “1st House of Soviets” - a hostel for functionaries of the new government. Its hotel status was returned only in the early 1930s. At the same time, its name was finally fixed - “National” (before the revolution, both names were used), apparently more in line with the spirit of the times. The building underwent a major renovation. At the same time, its appearance was partially changed: the lower floors were repainted to resemble granite, and oak window frames were replaced with aluminum ones. The hotel furnishings were replenished with furniture from the Anichkov and Tsarskoye Selo palaces.

In 1974, the ceilings of two halls on the second floor were decorated with painted lampshades made by the artist I. V. Nikolaev in the classic style of ceiling painting of the school of old masters, but at the same time with elements of the newer decorative school of V. A. Favorsky. In the details and ornaments of the lampshades, features of the World of Art aesthetics are noticeable, which emphasizes the connection with the works of famous artists of the Benois-Lancer family, from which the author himself comes.

In the same 1974, “National” was included in the list of state-protected historical and cultural monuments.

Speaking about the hotel, one cannot fail to mention the famous hotel restaurant - for many years it was a favorite place for a pleasant pastime among the intelligentsia and Soviet bohemia.

Despite repeated renovations that were carried out in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, attempts to modernize the hotel, it fell into disrepair. And at the end of the 1980s, its comprehensive reconstruction and restoration began. Based on the results of the competition, the general contractor was chosen - the Austrian company Rogner, and the authors of the restoration project were architects from Austria V. Hoffelner and E. Survillo. On the Russian side, specialists from the Moscow department for the design of public buildings and structures, Mosproekt-2, took part in the restoration of the National. All work was completed in 1995, and the renovated hotel again opened its doors to its guests. And in her lifetime she has seen a lot of them, including famous ones. Presidents have also stayed here different countries, and members of royal families, and famous cultural figures from all over the world.

The architecture of a hotel or hotel complex is a complex and multifaceted concept, which includes the external appearance of buildings, their internal layout, landscape organization of the territory and interior decoration of the premises.

Architectural structures, like other phenomena of modern artistic culture, are difficult to force into the strict framework of any style or direction. They are often on the edge, representing a complex combination of various traditional and innovative architectural techniques. Therefore, it seems logical to conditionally divide the motley variety of modern hotels into groups according to the principles of their location and method of construction. Each group has some common characteristics architectural features. Modern multi-storey hotels are complexes with a very high level of comfort, offer a wide range of services, have developed infrastructure. Often such hotels are part of world-famous international chains - Sheraton, Hilton, etc. A variety of restaurants and bars, conference rooms, shops, underground parking, outdoor and indoor swimming pools and fitness centers, as well as equipped with all modern means of communication business centers make them attractive both for tourists and for people traveling for purely business purposes. The architecture of such hotels is extremely functional and modern, using the latest achievements in construction technologies, modern designs and building materials.

In Europe, where many authentic architectural monuments have been preserved, where cultural and historical traditions are strong, the architecture of hotels clearly shows a tendency to respect history, when old buildings find new life. In capitals and historical cities with rich cultural traditions, such hotels are usually located in close proximity to numerous attractions. The most fashionable of them are located in ancient buildings of architectural and historical value in the existing urban area. Many hotels have existed for a long time, have their own history and traditions, and are proud of their famous guests. The level of comfort in them is at the highest level, since during the process of reconstruction and renovation they were equipped with all modern engineering equipment. At the same time, the external appearance of the building and the interior underwent restoration, they were returned to their original appearance, and the authentic atmosphere of a bygone era was recreated. The interiors and all the decoration of such hotels are made in the style and traditions of a certain historical period.

Expensive materials are used in finishing; these can be oak panels for cladding walls and ceilings, tapestries and tapestries, type-setting parquet, marble, bronze and gilding are widely used. The interiors are replete with authentic restored details and antique furniture, striking in luxury and giving the impression of being completely in keeping with a particular era. It can be Baroque or Empire, Rococo or Art Nouveau. The trend of old buildings finding a new life and a new destiny has led to the fact that impregnable castles, which time has spared, have today become strongholds of hospitality. Medieval castle Amberley Castle has been standing among the majestic hills and vast lakes of West Sussex for almost nine centuries, one hundred and twenty kilometers from London. It amazes with its delightful atmosphere of privacy and serene peace, in which the unique flair of antiquity and the highest level of comfort inherent in a world-class country hotel coexist. In total, the hotel has nineteen individually decorated apartments with antique furniture and luxurious fabrics, which have all modern amenities, with televisions, video players, telephones and other equipment delicately camouflaged in a historical setting.

Recently, a slightly different approach to the architectural design of hotels located in historical buildings has become increasingly widespread. Taking care of the appearance and facades, the architect reserves the right to create an interior that is completely new in style and spirit. Thus, located in the very center of London near Trafalgar Square, the five-star One Aldwych hotel strikes with a sharp contrast: a turn-of-the-century building and an ultra-modern interior. The high pace of everyday life and the poor environmental situation in modern megacities force people to turn their faces to nature and draw vitality from it. The advantages of a quiet and measured provincial life, tranquility and privacy in the lap of nature, national flavor and the peculiarities of local cuisine make “agritourism” more and more attractive. Hotels offering such holidays are usually located in rural areas in buildings of traditional architecture. Hotel Borgo in Tuscany, Italy is located in an ancient building, typical of Mediterranean architecture, on a wine estate in the province of Chianti. Today, just like centuries ago, delicious wine and fresh olive oil are produced here. Vast vineyards and picturesque olive groves lie around, and the peaceful atmosphere of patriarchal Italy reigns.

National flavor is one of the main features characteristic of the architecture of country hotels intended for recreation. Use in architectural appearance techniques, details and materials traditional for a given area allows the building to harmoniously fit into the environment and optimally adapt to natural and climatic conditions. In addition, the national flavor, present both in the architectural appearance and in the interior design, is an important emotional and aesthetic factor that influences the formation of a positive image of hotels.

To give the guest pleasure, to make his stay at the hotel pleasant and not boring, to entertain and surprise him, to capture his imagination and remain in his memory for a long time is a peak that not all hotels manage to achieve. It submits only to those who firmly know the formula for success: an expressive architectural form must be filled with the content of high-quality service.

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