Capital in two words. Capital cities of European states in alphabetical order

Geography is a fascinating subject that is easy for many at school. But for some people it can be difficult, especially in remembering geographical names. Do not despair. You just need to want it.

This article is intended for persons over 18 years of age

Have you already turned 18?

So as not to forget

Why study capitals?

The world is becoming more open, borders are being erased and distances are being shortened. Therefore, knowledge of countries and the names of their capitals goes from being a brilliant erudition to a vital necessity. Today, not understanding this issue means becoming a modern Mitrofanushka, who argued that geography is not needed, because there are cab drivers.

If you know the states and main cities, you will be able to:

easily solve crossword puzzles;
surprise the company with your knowledge by offering a game or competition;
easy to navigate the world of news;
get excellent grades in geography;
do not “blink” your eyes at the travel agency, and when your friend talks about a fun vacation.

And just be a modern, knowledgeable person.

How to quickly learn capitals?

There are several ways to quickly remember the countries of the world and their capitals. Some are more suitable for individual training, others will be effective if you team up with friends. We will tell you about the most popular, interesting and simple techniques.

c"> Engaging visual memory

If you have a good visual memory, use it to learn all the capitals and countries. To do this you will need:

geographical atlas;
contour maps;
colored pencils and pen.

Subscribe to contour map the name of the state and its center, and then carefully color over this territory with a colored pencil. Not only the names will remain in your memory, but even the outline of the border by association with the selected color. You can also finish drawing the national flag, it will also be fixed in your memory.

Do not try to quickly get around the whole Earth. Psychologists say that a person cannot remember more than nine positions at a time. Therefore, first select nine countries of the world on different continents, the next day add one neighbor to each independent territory and thus move forward. This method is also good because you will remember the relative positions of the states and forever learn that Austria lies between Germany and Italy, and Kenya is north of Tanzania.

d"> In a playful way

Now we’ll tell you how to learn the capitals of Europe and other continents while playing.

The simplest method involves the following steps.

Prepare pieces of cardboard.
Write the country on one side and its capital on the other side.
For each continent, choose a different background or font color.
Place the cards in a box or envelope.
As you take them out one by one, try to remember what is written on the back.

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This is a fun game to play with a group. The rules can be complicated: the one who answered incorrectly must tell something interesting about this state. If his knowledge is not enough, another player can replace his partner, earning additional points. A funny or interesting fact about the state will be remembered by you along with the geographical names.

There is another version of this game that will help you easily learn all the capitals. Prepare two sets of cards. On some, write the names of countries, on others, their main cities. Divide the prepared game cards into two groups. Taking out a card from the first group, look for a pair for it in the second.

In a similar way, you can play with a friend or a group of up to 5 people. In this case, the presenter selects a card from one box, then from another, and the players find pairs orally. Award points for each correct answer. The one who gives the most correct answers will win.

Mnemonics and associations

Associative thinking is one of the main advantages of a person. How to learn, for example, republics and their capitals quickly and easily? Several methods can be suggested:

break the list into several parts and for each part, compose a song or choose the motive of a famous hit;
for each pair, come up with or find a poem, a little rhyme, or a saying;
apply the mnemonic method.

You can find nursery rhymes that will help you learn the main European cities. For example, this one: “Ships of tall Norwegians are sailing to the city of Oslo.” If you can write poetry, try to come up with similar short couplets yourself. After such an exercise, you will never forget the capitals of the world.

A good trick is to choose words that rhyme and sound similar. Take Gabon and Liberville. Remember: Gabon - trombone Liberville - vaudeville. Can't rhyme? Then find a similar-sounding phrase: the country of Mali, the city of Bamako - a small shoe.

Mnemonics, as a way to quickly and permanently remember something, has been known since ancient times. It was also used by ancient Greek speakers so as not to forget a prepared speech. This method is based on phonetic associations.

Come up with a picture that is associated with a specific title. For example, you want to remember that the center of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Sarajevo. The word "Bosnia" is associated with the word "boss", "Herzegovina" - "duke", and "Sarajevo" - "barn". Now imagine a dilapidated barn in which a fat boss in an expensive suit and an arrogant aristocrat live. The brighter the picture you create in your imagination, the more reliable the association will be.

If you know how to draw, you will learn all the countries and all the capitals even faster. Draw pictures - illustrations of your associations. Just make them colorful and bright - it’s better absorbed.

Magic table

It has long been noted that information in table form is easier to remember. Make a table with the following columns:

a country;
capital;
interesting fact.

You can easily find on the Internet and encyclopedia entertaining story or an interesting event related to this country. For example, the legend about the founding of the city or the history of its name. Enter in the column " Interesting fact» a summary of this information.

Here's a simple example. Asuncion is the capital of Paraguay, it has a very long name in Spanish: “the city of the Assumption of our Lady St. Mary the Virgin.” In everyday life this is extremely inconvenient. Therefore, from the seven words, over time, only the ending remained - Asuncion, which means “dormition”. It is enough to write this word in a table so that the name of the metropolis is firmly ingrained in memory.

Almighty Internet

On the World Wide Web you can find many games and quizzes on this topic. Download the appropriate application to your smartphone and train at any time. free time. There are such programs for desktop computers.

Here are a few resources to choose from:

newtonew.com;
igames.com.ua;
online.seterra.com;
geo.koltyrin.ru.

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You can find many others, as new samples appear every day. Also on YouTube you will definitely find funny videos and cartoons, videos and trainings just for this purpose.

So as not to forget

Our brain is designed in such a way that unclaimed information is forgotten over time. If you do not want to forget what you have memorized so diligently, you need to periodically repeat the material. To do this, it is better to use a different method than you used to teach. Suppose you have learned all the states using mnemonics. Repeat using a computer program or game cards.

The exciting game “Gallop across Europe” will help you. Use the same two sets of cards, choosing one from each box. Let's say we got enough of Spain and Minsk. All participants in the game, without looking at the map, must write a route from the capital city of Spain to main city Belarus. Indicate the country you need to travel through and its central city. Then check the routes on the map. The one who makes the shortest and most correct path wins.

Find a site on the Internet where you can take the appropriate test. Ask friends or family to give you an exam. Put in a little effort and everything will work out!

Knowing geography is not only interesting, but also necessary. Every person dreams of traveling, and for the dream to come true, you need to start with the fact that you will know the name (heart) of the capital of a particular state. Below is a list of capitals of countries around the world. In this article you will learn not only what countries there are in the world, but their capitals.

Let's start with the European part of the earth.

Europe- part of the world in the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth, washed by the seas of the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, has an area of about 10 million km? and a population of approximately 742.5 million.

State Capital

Netherlands Amsterdam

Capital and The largest city Netherlands. It has been the capital of the kingdom since 1814. Located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country at the mouth of the Amstel and IJ rivers. Amsterdam is connected by the Noordsee Canal to the North Sea.

Andorra Andorra la Vella

The capital and largest city of Andorra, one of the seven parishes into which the country is divided. Population: 22,615 people Area: 12 km?.

Greece Athens

Capital of Greece. It is located in the historical region of Attica and is the economic, cultural and administrative center of the country. The city is named after the goddess of war and wisdom, Athena, who was the patron saint of the ancient polis. Athens has rich history; During the classical period, the city-state reached the pinnacle of its development, defining many trends in the development of later European culture. Thus, the names of the philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who laid the foundations of European philosophy, and the tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, who stood at the origins of drama, are associated with the city; political system ancient Athens was a democracy.

Serbia Belgrade

The capital and largest city of Serbia. One of the most ancient cities in Europe. The first settlements on its territory date back to the time of the existence of the archaeological culture of Vinca.

Germany Berlin

The capital and largest city of Germany, the second most populous and fifth largest city in the European Union. It is one of the 16 states within the Federal Republic of Germany.

Switzerland Bern

A city of federal significance, the actual capital of Switzerland. The capital of the German-speaking canton of Bern and the administrative center of the Bern-Mittelland district. Located in the central part of the country north of the Alps, in the valley of the Aare River.

Slovakia Bratislava

A city in Central Europe, the capital of Slovakia, and from 1541 to 1684 the capital of Hungary. The population of the city is about 460 thousand people, the agglomeration is about 700 thousand people. The area of the city is 368 km?.

Belgium Brussels

Capital of Belgium and the Brussels-Capital Region. Brussels houses the institutions of the French and Flemish Communities and Flanders, the headquarters of the European Union, the NATO office, and the secretariat of the Benelux countries.

Hungary Budapest

The capital of Hungary and the largest city in the country. In terms of population, amounting to 1.745 million inhabitants in January 2014, Budapest ranks eighth in the European Union. The city was formed in 1873 as a result of the merger of several Hungarian cities: Pest, located on the eastern side of the Danube River, Buda and Óbuda, occupying the western bank of the Danube.

Romania Bucharest

The capital of Romania, the most important economic and cultural center of the country. More than 1.8 million people live in Bucharest and its suburbs. It is one of the most populous cities in the world Balkan Peninsula.

Liechtenstein Vaduz

Capital of the Principality of Liechtenstein and seat of the national parliament. The city, located in the upper reaches of the Rhine, is home to over 5,400 inhabitants, most of whom are Catholics. Cathedral The city is the seat of the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church. Area – 17.316 km?. The official code is 7001. The postal code is 9490.

Malta Valletta

The capital of the Republic of Malta, the economic and political center of the state. Named in honor of the knight, naval commander, Master of the Order of St. John Jean Parisot de la Valletta, who founded and defended the city from the Turks. The city of Valletta itself has a population of 5,719 people, while almost 394 thousand people live in the suburbs.

Poland Warsaw

The capital and largest city in Poland by population and territory. The city became the de facto capital in 1596, when after the fire at Wawel Castle in Krakow, King Sigismund III moved his residence here, while the capital status of the city was confirmed only in the Constitution of 1791.

Vatican Vatican

A dwarf enclave state within the territory of Rome, associated with Italy. The status of the Vatican in international law is an auxiliary sovereign territory of the Holy See, the seat of the highest spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.

Austria Vienna

The federal capital of Austria and at the same time one of the nine federal states of Austria, located inside another state, Lower Austria. Located in the eastern part of the country. Vienna has a population of 1.87 million; together with the suburbs - about 2.6 million; Thus, Vienna is the largest city in Austria by population, ranking seventh among the largest cities in the European Union and second among German-speaking cities after Berlin. The cultural, economic and political center of Austria.

Lithuania Vilnius

The capital and largest city of Lithuania. The municipal entity is formed by the Vilnius City Government. Population - 622,543 people, or 18% of the country's population; the second largest city in the Baltic countries.

Donetsk People's Republic Donetsk

A city in the Donetsk region of Ukraine, located in the east of the country, on the Kalmius River. Since April 2014, it has been controlled by the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and is considered by it as the capital.

Ireland Dublin

City-county in Ireland, the capital of the country. Located in the administrative county of Dublin. Located where the River Liffey flows into Dublin Bay and the Irish Sea. Most Big city on the island of Ireland and in the republic, occupying almost 115 km?. The country's main port on the Irish Sea. The main center of political, economic and cultural life countries. Population – 506.2 thousand people, with suburbs – about 1.8 million.

Croatia Zagreb

The capital and largest city of Croatia. Population – 790,017 people, area – 641.29 km². The city is located on the Sava River, a tributary of the Danube, at 45.815° north latitude and 15.98306° east longitude, at an altitude of 104 meters above sea level next to mountain range Medvednitsa. Zagreb is over 900 years old

Ukraine, Kyiv

The capital and largest city of Ukraine, Hero City. Located on the Dnieper River, the center of the Kyiv agglomeration. A separate administrative-territorial unit of Ukraine; cultural, political, socio-economic, transport, scientific and religious center countries. In addition, Kyiv is the administrative center of the Kyiv region and the Kiev-Svyatoshinsky district of the Kyiv region, although it is not part of them, having a special legal status. Located in the north-central part of Ukraine. Kyiv is the seventh most populous city in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow, London, St. Petersburg, Berlin and Madrid.

Moldova Chisinau

The capital and largest city of Moldova. An economic and cultural center located in the center of the country on the Byk River. Chisinau has a special status in administrative division Moldova - it is a municipality. In addition to the city of Chisinau itself, the municipality of the same name includes six surrounding cities and twenty-five settlements, united into thirteen communes.

Denmark Copenhagen

The capital and largest city of Denmark. Located on the islands of Zealand, Slotsholmen and Amager. Population historical city is just over 0.5 million people, with suburbs - more than 1 million inhabitants. Part of the city - self-proclaimed Free city Christiania is partially self-governing.

Portugal Lisbon

The capital, largest city and main port of Portugal. Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world and oldest city Western Europe, centuries older than modern European capitals like London, Paris.

Great Britain, London

The capital and largest city of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Administratively, it forms the Greater London region of England, divided into 33 self-governing territories. With a population of 8.6 million, it is the third largest city in Europe. It forms the Greater London agglomeration and the wider metropolitan area. Located in the southeast of the island of Great Britain, on a plain at the mouth of the Thames, near the North Sea. The main political, economic and cultural center of the United Kingdom.

Lugansk People's Republic Lugansk

A city of regional subordination of the Lugansk region of Ukraine, located in the east of the country, on the Lugan River. Since April 2014, it has been controlled by the self-proclaimed Lugansk People's Republic and is considered by it as the capital.

Slovenia Ljubljana

City, capital of Slovenia. Forms the urban community of Ljubljana, divided into seventeen districts. Population – 258.9 thousand people, or 13% of the country’s population. Over 500 thousand people live within the agglomeration.

Luxembourg Luxembourg

State in Western Europe. It borders with Belgium in the north, France in the west and south, Germany in the east, and has no access to the sea. The name comes from the Old High German “lucilinburch” - “small city”. total area Luxembourg is 2,586.4 km², making it one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe. The population as of January 1, 2016 is 576,249 people.

Spain Madrid

The capital and largest city of Spain, as well as the administrative center of the province and autonomous community of the same name. The municipality is part of the Area Metropolitana district. The largest economic, political and cultural center of the country. The city's population is 3.165 million inhabitants.

Belarus Minsk

The capital of Belarus, the administrative center of the Minsk region and the Minsk region, which it is not part of, since it is an independent administrative-territorial unit with a special status, Hero City. Largest transport node, political, economic, cultural and science Center countries. It is the core of the Minsk agglomeration. The headquarters of the CIS is located in Minsk. The tenth most populous city in Europe, the third in the EAEU. The city is located near the geographical center of the country and stands on the Svisloch River. The area is 348.84 km², the population is 1974.8 thousand people, excluding the suburbs.

Monaco Monaco

A dwarf state associated with France, located in southern Europe on the shores of the Ligurian Sea; on land it borders with France. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world. The Principality is widely known for its casino in Monte Carlo and the stage of the Formula 1 championship, the Monaco Grand Prix, held here.

Russia Moscow

Capital Russian Federation, a city of federal significance, the administrative center of the Central Federal District and the center of the Moscow Region, which it is not part of. The largest city in Russia and its subject by population - 12,380,664 people, the most populated of the cities located entirely in Europe, one of the top ten cities in the world in terms of population. Center of the Moscow urban agglomeration.

Norway Oslo

The capital and largest city of Norway. Until 1624, according to the map of A. Ortelius of 1539, the Viking capital was called Vikia, from 1624 to 1877 it was called Christiania, from 1877 to 1925 - Christiania.

France Paris

City, capital of France; administrative center of the Ile-de-France region. Forms a commune and department, divided into 20 districts.

Montenegro Podgorica

City, capital of Montenegro. The administrative center of the metropolitan community of Podgorica, consisting of two urban communities: Zeta (central city - Golubovtsi) and Tuzi).

Czech Republic, Prague

City and capital Czech Republic, the administrative center of the Central Bohemian Region and its two regions: Prague-East and Prague-West. Forms an independent administrative-territorial unit of the country. Population: 1.2 million people, the fourteenth largest city in the European Union.

Republic of Kosovo Pristina

A city on the Balkan Peninsula, since 2008 it has been the capital of the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. The population is 198,000 inhabitants, predominantly Albanian. According to the position of Serbia and the states that do not recognize the independence of Kosovo, the capital of the autonomous province of Kosovo and Metohija.

Iceland Reykjavik

The capital and largest city and community of Iceland. The population is 118,814 inhabitants, and including satellite cities - about 202,000, which is about 63% of the total population of the country. It is the world's northernmost capital city.

Latvia, Riga

The capital of Latvia and the largest city in the Baltic states with a population of 639,630 people. The political, economic and cultural center of the country. It is located on both banks of the Daugava River, near its confluence with the Gulf of Riga.

Italy Rome

The city, the capital of Italy since 1870, is the administrative center of the province of Rome and the region of Lazio. Located on the Tiber River. Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world, ancient capital Roman Empire.

San Marino San Marino

One of the smallest states in the world. Is in Southern Europe, surrounded on all sides by Italian territory. Within its current borders, San Marino is the oldest state in Europe. The name comes from the name of the Christian saint, who, according to legend, founded the state.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo

The city, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its part - the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Administrative center of Sarajevo Canton. It forms the municipal entity “city of Sarajevo”, divided into four self-governing districts.

Macedonia Skopje

City, capital of the Republic of Macedonia. It forms an independent administrative unit of the country consisting of ten communities, the population of which is about 670 thousand people. Situated on far north Macedonia, near the border with Kosovo, on the banks of the big river Macedonia Vardara, in a valley surrounded by mountains.

Bulgaria Sofia

The capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The administrative center of the urban region of Sofia and its only community Stolichna. Population – 1.43 million people.

Sweden Stockholm

The capital and largest city of Sweden. Located on the channels connecting Lake Mälaren with the Baltic Sea. Since the thirteenth century it has been a major economic center of the country.

Estonia Tallinn

Capital of the Republic of Estonia, major passenger and freight sea port. Political, scientific, economic and cultural center of Estonia.

Albania Tirana

The capital and largest city of Albania, the main political, economic and cultural center of the country. The city forms an independent administrative unit and is also the administrative center of the region and district of Tirana. Area – 30 km?.

Transnistrian Moldavian Republic Tiraspol

A city in southeastern Europe on the left bank of the Dniester, the capital of the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldavian Republic; the second most populous city located within the official borders of Moldova, and the largest in Transnistria.

Finland Helsinki

The capital and largest city of Finland, the administrative center of the province of Uusimaa. Located in the south of the country, on the coast Gulf of Finland Baltic Sea. Population – 630,225 people. Foreign citizens make up about 10% of the city's population.

Asia – Asia is the largest part of the world, both in terms of territory and population. Together with Europe, it forms the continent of Eurasia. Area - about 43.4 million km?. Population - 4.2 billion people.

UAE Abu Dhabi

the capital and second most populous city in the UAE, located in the emirate of the same name. Located on an island in Persian Gulf a quarter of a kilometer from the mainland, with which it is connected by three road bridges

Jordan Amman

The capital and largest city of Jordan. In ancient times it was called Rabbath-Ammon, in the Hellenistic-Roman era - Philadelphia. In the 7th-9th centuries it was part of the Arab Caliphate. From 1516 until the end of the First World War - as part of the Ottoman Empire.

Türkiye Ankara

Capital of the Turkish Republic. The city's population is more than 4.9 million people. It is the second most populous city in the country after Istanbul.

Kazakhstan, Astana

The capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan since June 10, 1998. Akmolinsk received city status on September 26, 1862. The population of Astana as of May 1, 2016 was 880,191 people, which was the third highest in Kazakhstan after Almaty and Shymkent. On July 4, 2016, it was announced that the millionth resident was born in Astana. The official statistical agency of Kazakhstan, KazStat, has not confirmed this date for reaching the population size, despite the fact that KazStat, according to its leaders, has changed the methodology for estimating population numbers, which has led to a statistical increase in population estimates...

Turkmenistan Ashgabat

The capital of Turkmenistan, the largest administrative, political, industrial, scientific and cultural center of the state. Ashgabat is a separate administrative-territorial unit of Turkmenistan - a city with the rights of a velayat.

Iraq Baghdad

The capital of Iraq, the administrative center of Baghdad governorate. With a population of over 9 million people, the city is one of the largest cities in the Middle East. Baghdad is the political, economic and cultural center of Iraq.

Azerbaijan, Baku

The capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the largest industrial, economic and scientific-technical center of Transcaucasia, as well as the most major port on the Caspian Sea and the largest city in the Caucasus. Modern Baku has developed as a territory united under a single administrative control with a population of 2,181.8 thousand inhabitants, which includes 1 city with a population of 1,217.3 thousand people; as well as 59 urban-type settlements with a total population of 964.5 thousand people.

Thailand Bangkok

The capital and largest city of Thailand with a population of 5.6 million people. The name given at the founding was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest city name in the world. The city spreads over east coast Chao Phraya River near its confluence with the Gulf of Thailand.

Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan

The capital and largest city of the Sultanate of Brunei. The administrative center of Brunei-Muara district.

Lebanon Beirut

The capital and largest city of Lebanon. Estimates of the city's population vary from 300 thousand to 2 million people. This is due to the fact that there has been no population census in Beirut since 1932. Situated on a peninsula in the middle of the Lebanese Mediterranean coast, it is the country's largest and main seaport. The Beirut region consists of the capital city and its suburbs. The first mention of this metropolis can be found in the ancient Egyptian Tell el-Amarna archive, dating back to the 15th century BC. The city has been inhabited continuously since then.

Kyrgyzstan Bishkek

The capital of Kyrgyzstan and the largest city in the country. It constitutes a special administrative unit and is a city of republican subordination. Old names - Pishpek, Frunze.

Laos Vientiane

The capital and largest city of Laos, located on the Mekong River near the border with Thailand, the country's largest economic center. Population: 797,130 people. In December 2009, Vientiane hosted the 25th Games South-East Asia.

Bangladesh Dhaka

The capital and largest city of Bangladesh. Located in the Ganges delta, on the left bank of the Buriganga. Dhaka was the capital of Bengal in 1608-1717, the capital of Bangladesh since 1971. The population of the city is 9,724,976 inhabitants, with its suburbs - 16.6 million people.

Syria Damascus

The capital and second largest city in Syria. Located in southwestern Syria near the eastern foothills of the East Lebanon mountain range on the Eastern Plateau in the lower reaches of the Barada River, where it divides into seven branches. Damascus is geographically located in the subtropical zone; however, despite the proximity of the Mediterranean Sea, the city's climate is hot and arid.

India Delhi (New Delhi)

The official capital of India, Delhi region. Covering an area of 42.7 km?, New Delhi is located in the Delhi metropolis and is the seat of the Government of India and the Government of Delhi.

Indonesia Jakarta

Special Capital Region, the capital and largest city of Indonesia. It is located on the northwest coast of the island of Java at the confluence of the Ciliwung River into the Java Sea. Area – 664 km?.

East Timor Dili

The capital and largest city of East Timor. Located on the northern coast of the island of Timor, the easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Dili is the main port and commercial center of East Timor, its population is 193,563. It is home to the airport in Comoro, named after the national hero of East Timor, Nicolau Lobato. The city is also the capital of the administrative region of Dili, which includes surrounding areas.

Qatar Doha

The capital and largest city of the Arab state of Qatar, located off the coast of the Persian Gulf. Administrative center of the municipality of Ed-Doha. In May 2015, Doha was officially selected as one of the "Seven New Wonder Cities", along with the cities of Beirut, Vigan, Durban, Havana, Kuala Lumpur and La Paz.

Tajikistan Dushanbe

The capital of Tajikistan, a city of republican significance, the largest scientific, cultural, political, economic, industrial and administrative center of the country. The country's highest government bodies are located in Dushanbe, including the residence of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Presidential Palace.

Armenia Yerevan

The capital and largest city of Armenia in terms of population and area, one of the oldest cities in the world. In Russian transcription until 1936 it was known as Erivan. Located on the left bank of the Ararat Valley. The population is 1.068 million people. The area of the city is 223 km?. Yerevan is a political, economic, cultural and scientific center, as well as the most important transport hub of the country. The city is served by 2 airports, a metro, and a railway station.

Israel Jerusalem

The official capital of Israel, a city in the Middle East. Located on a plateau in the Judean Mountains on the watershed between the Mediterranean and Dead Seas, at an altitude of 650-840 m above sea level; The climate is Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The city is sacred to three largest Abrahamic religions - Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Populated by representatives of many national, ethnic and religious denominations; The population of Jerusalem is residents.

Pakistan Islamabad

Capital Islamic Republic Pakistan. The cultural, political and economic center of the country.

Afghanistan Kabul

The capital and largest city of Afghanistan. It stands on the Kabul River. Located at an altitude of 1800 meters above sea level. The highway connects with the cities of Ghazni, Kandahar, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif. Ammunition, fabric, furniture, and sugar are produced in Kabul.

Nepal Kathmandu

The capital and largest city of Nepal, its historical, economic, political and cultural center. The city's population is more than 1 million people. mountain valley Kathmandu, about 1300 m high, - historical region Nepal, famous for the Newar cities of Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Panauti and numerous monasteries, temple centers and cultural monuments.

Malaysia Kuala Lumpur

Capital of Malaysia. The population as of 2009 is 1,809,699 people. (Kuala Lumpur translated: “dirty mouth”).

Maldives Male

Capital Republic of Maldives, as well as the largest locality archipelago. It is one of the most densely populated cities in the world. The area of Male is 5.8 km². The population estimate published in September 2014 is 133,019.

Bahrain Manama

The capital and main economic center of the Kingdom of Bahrain. About 157 thousand people live in the city. It is located on the northeastern coast of the island of Bahrain in the Persian Gulf - where it almost comes close to the island of Muharraq, in the capital governorate.

Philippines Manila

The capital of the Philippines, one of the 16 cities that form the Capital Region of the country. It borders the cities of Navotas and Caloocan, Quezon City, San Juan and Mandaluyong, Makati and Pasay. In the west it is washed by the waters of Manila Bay. With a population of 1,660,714 according to the 2007 census, Manila is the second largest city in the country after Quezon. With an area of only 38.55 km?, Manila is considered the most populous city in the world.

Oman Muscat

The capital and largest metropolis of Oman, also the seat of government and the largest city of the governorate of the same name. According to National Center statistics and information, the total population of the governorate in September 2015 was 1.56 million people. The metropolis, whose area is almost 3500 km2, includes 6 vilayets. It gained fame at the beginning of the 1st century AD due to its transformation into a major trading port on the way from the Western to the Eastern world. At different periods of history, Muscat belonged to various native tribes, as well as to foreign powers who carried out foreign policy expansionist character: Persia, Portugal and Turkey...

Myanmar Naypyitaw

Capital of Myanmar. It is located 320 km north of the former capital Yangon. The city was built on the site of the village of Chepyi, 17 kilometers west of the city of Pyinmana in Mandalay County. The capital was moved to Naypyitaw on November 6, 2005.

Cyprus Nicosia

Capital of the Republic of Cyprus and the partially recognized Republic of Turkey Northern Cyprus. Located in the central part of the island of Cyprus. 276 thousand inhabitants. international Airport closed since 1974 and is the headquarters of the UN peacekeeping forces.

China Beijing

The capital and one of the central cities of the People's Republic of China. Beijing is surrounded on three sides by Hebei Province and borders Tianjin in the southeast.

Cambodia Phnom Penh

The capital of Cambodia, a city under central jurisdiction, is located on the Tonle Sap River. Population – 1,501,725 inhabitants.

DPRK Pyongyang

Capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Pyongyang is the administrative, cultural and historical center of the country. The word "Pyongyang" in Korean means "broad land", "cozy area".

Yemen Sana'a

The capital and largest city of Yemen. Population - 2,575,347 people (2012). Sana - ancient city, based at the turn of the new era.

Republic of Korea Seoul

City, capital of the Republic of Korea. It forms the only city of special status in the country, divided into 25 self-governing districts. Official name cities - Seoul City of Special Status Population - 10.1 million people, or 19.5% of the country's population.

Singapore Singapore

A city-state located on islands in Southeast Asia, separated from the southern tip of the Malacca Peninsula by the narrow Strait of Johor. It borders the Sultanate of Johor, part of Malaysia, and the province of Riau Islands, part of Indonesia.

Uzbekistan Tashkent

The capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, a city of republican subordination. The largest city in terms of population in Uzbekistan and Central Asia, the center of the Tashkent urban agglomeration, the most important political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country, as well as an aviation, railway and road junction. Administratively divided into 11 districts.

Georgia, Tbilisi

The capital and largest city of Georgia, located on the banks of the Kura River with a population of about 1.1 million people. The city was founded in the 5th century. Its strategic location at the crossroads between Europe and Asia has repeatedly made Tbilisi a bone of contention between various forces in the Caucasus. The multifaceted history of the city can be studied by its architecture: starting with the spacious Rustaveli and Agmashenebeli avenues, and ending with the narrow streets of the Narikala district, preserved from the early Middle Ages.

Iran Tehran

The capital and largest city of Iran and one of the largest cities Asia. The administrative center of the ostan of the same name, the political, economic, transport, trade, financial and cultural center of the country. Tehran is located in the north of the country at the foot of mountain range Elburz, 90 km south of the Caspian Sea coast.

Japan Tokyo

The capital of Japan, its administrative, financial, cultural, industrial and political center. Largest urban economy in the world. Located in the southeastern part of the island of Honshu, on the Kanto Plain in the bay of Tokyo Bay Pacific Ocean. Besides the capital, Tokyo is also one of the country's forty-seven prefectures. The area of the prefecture is 2188.67 km², population – 13370198 people, population density – 6108.82 people/km².

Bhutan Thimphu

The current capital of the Kingdom of Bhutan, which has long been the capital of the historical province of Thimphu. Thimphu City is also the administrative center of the Thimphu administrative district of the same name.

Mongolia Ulaanbaatar

Capital of Mongolia. The largest city in Mongolia by population - 1,401,200 people, is separated into an independent administrative unit. Located in the valley of the Tuul River, at an altitude of 1300-1350 m.

Vietnam Hanoi

The capital of Vietnam and the second most populous city in the country. The main political, educational and cultural center of the country and the second most important industrial centre(after Ho Chi Minh City).

Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte

The capital of Sri Lanka, seat of the country's parliament. A suburb of the country's largest city, Colombo.

Kuwait Kuwait

Capital of the state of Kuwait. The city's population is 150 thousand inhabitants (2008), with its suburbs - more than 1 million inhabitants. The first information about the city dates back to the 18th century.

Saudi Arabia Riyadh

Capital Saudi Arabia, center administrative district Riyadh. Population – 6,506,700 people.

State of Palestine Ramallah

A Palestinian town in the central West Bank, adjacent to Al-Bireh. Located 13 km north of Jerusalem.

Republic of China Taipei

Capital Republic of China. According to the point of view of the PRC leadership, Taipei is the capital of Taiwan Province within the PRC.

Africa- the second largest continent after Eurasia, washed by Mediterranean Sea from the north, Red - from the northeast, the Atlantic Ocean from the west and Indian Ocean from the east and south.

Nigeria Abuja

The capital of Nigeria since December 12, 1991. Before this, the capital was Lagos. Abuja is located 800 km north of the former capital. The population of the city is 778,567 inhabitants, the population of the agglomeration is approximately 1.4 million people.

Ethiopia Addis Ababa

Capital of Ethiopia and the African Union, as well as its predecessor, the Organization of African Unity. Population: 3,041,002 inhabitants. It is the world's largest city located in a landlocked country. It has the status of a separate region of Ethiopia.

Ghana Accra

The capital of the Republic of Ghana and the center of the Accra district, the largest city in the country, which is also its cultural and industrial center. The word Accra is derived from the word Nkran - ants. The city's population was 2,291,352 according to the 2012 census.

Algeria Algeria

State in North Africa in the western part of the Mediterranean basin, the largest African state by territory. Algeria borders Morocco in the west, Mauritania and Mali in the southwest, Niger in the southeast, and Libya and Tunisia in the east. Most of the country's territory lies in the Sahara Desert. The capital is the city of Algiers.

Madagascar Antananarivo

The capital of Madagascar and its province of the same name. Population – 2.61 million people.

Eritrea Asmara

The capital and largest city of Eritrea. The city's name was previously also pronounced "Asmara", which means flowering forest in the Tigrinya language. Textile, clothing, footwear, food, ceramics industries. University, public library, airport, train station.

Mali Bamako

Capital of Mali. The population is 1,809,106 people. The city is located on the banks of the Niger, in the southwestern part of the country.

CAR Bangui

The capital and largest city of the Central African Republic. The majority of the country's population lives in the western regions of the republic near Bangui.

Gambia Banjul

Capital of Gambia. Residents - 34 thousand people, with suburbs of 523,589. Banjul is located on St. Mary's Island, where the Gambia River flows into the Atlantic Ocean. From the north, St. Mary's Island is connected to the mainland through freight and passenger ferries, and from the south - through bridges. 24 kilometers south of the capital Banjul in the area west coast Banjul Yundum Airport is located near the city of Kombo.

Guinea-Bissau Bissau

The capital of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, the administrative center of the autonomous sector of Bissau. Population: 387,909 inhabitants.

Republic of the Congo Brazzaville

The capital and the most densely populated city Republic of the Congo, located on the right bank of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa. The population as of 2010 is 1,408,150 people. Brazzaville is home to a third of the population of the Republic of Congo and employs about 40% of people employed in non-agricultural industries.

Burundi Bujumbura

The capital and largest city of Burundi. Population is about 550 thousand. The city is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika from the northeast and is the country's main port on the lake.

Seychelles Victoria

Capital Seychelles, the largest city in the country. Located on the northeast coast of Mahe Island. Population – 24,970 people. Founded in the 18th century as a port and named after the English Queen Victoria Port Victoria.

Namibia Windhoek

The capital and largest city of the Republic of Namibia. Population – 334,580 people. Windhoek is social, economic and cultural center countries.

Botswana Gaborone

Capital of Botswana. According to the 2011 census, the city's population is 231,626. Named after a local ruler in the 19th century.

Senegal Dakar

The capital, major seaport and largest city of Senegal, located on the peninsula Cape Verde, on the coast Atlantic Ocean. Dakar is the most western city Africa. The population of Dakar is 1,030,594 people, with 2,450,000 people in its suburbs. Dakar was founded in 1857 as a French fort.

Djibouti Djibouti

State in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa. In the east it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Aden. It borders on Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and unrecognized Somaliland in the southeast, the territory of which is considered part of Somalia by the international community.

South Sudan Juba

The capital of South Sudan, the administrative center of the South Sudanese state of Central Equatoria.

Tanzania Dodoma

The capital of Tanzania, the administrative center of the province of Dodoma.

Egypt Cairo

The capital of Egypt, the largest city in the Middle East. Egyptians often call it??? – Masr, that is, the same word as the entire country of Egypt. In the past, Cairo could also be called Egypt in other languages, in particular in Rus' in the 15th-17th centuries.

Uganda Kampala

Capital of Uganda, near north coast Lake Victoria, the administrative center of the Central Region and the district of the same name.

Rwanda Kigali

City, capital of Rwanda. Population – 1,029,384 people.

Democratic Republic Congo Kinshasa

The capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is located on the Congo River, opposite the city of Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo. Although the city's population in 2012 was 9,464,000 people, 60% of its territory is sparsely populated countryside, which, however, falls within the administrative boundaries of the city. Densely populated urban areas occupy only a small part of the territory in the west of the province.

Guinea Conakry

The capital of Guinea since 1958 and the administrative center of the administrative region of the same name. Port on the Atlantic coast. The population of the city as of 2012 is 2,164,182 people; according to the 1996 census it numbered 1,092,936 people. Administratively, it is divided into five communes and 97 neighborhoods.

Gabon Libreville

The capital of Gabon, the administrative center of the province of Estuary and the department of Libreville. Located on the northern bank of the Gabon River, at the mouth of the Gabon Bay. Population: 703,939 inhabitants.

Malawi Lilongwe

Capital of Malawi. Located in the southwest of the country, west of the Malawi River, near the border with Mozambique and Zambia.

Togo Lome

The capital of Togo, the administrative and industrial center and main port of the country. The city has a people's house, founded at the end of the 18th century, and a conference hall.

Angola Luanda

The capital of Angola, the largest political, cultural, financial and industrial center of the state.

Zambia Lusaka

Equatorial Guinea Malabo

Mozambique Maputo

Lesotho Maseru

Swaziland Mbabane

Somalia Mogadishu

Liberia Monrovia

Comoros Moroni

Kenya Nairobi

Chad N'Djamena

Niger Niamey

Mauritania Nouakchott

Mauritius Port Louis

Benin Porto-Novo

Cape Verde Praia

South Africa Pretoria

Morocco Rabat

Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome

Libya Tripoli

Tunisia Tunisia

Burkina Faso Ouagadougou

Sierra Leone Freetown

Zimbabwe Harare

Sudan Khartoum

Ivory Coast Yamoussoukro

Cameroon Yaounde

Somaliland Hargeisa

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic of Laayoune

America- part of the world that unites two continents, North America And South America, as well as nearby islands. This part of the world is also called the New World.

Paraguay Asuncion

Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre

Belize Belmopan

Colombia Bogota

Brazil Brasilia

Barbados Bridgetown

Argentina Buenos Aires

USA Washington

Cuba Havana

Guatemala Guatemala

Guyana Georgetown

Venezuela Caracas

Saint Lucia Castries

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown

Jamaica Kingston

Ecuador Quito

Peru Lima

Nicaragua Managua

Mexico Mexico City

Uruguay Montevideo

Bahamas Nassau

Canada Ottawa

Panama Panama

Suriname Paramaribo

Haiti Port-au-Prince

Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain

Dominica Roseau

Salvador San Salvador

Costa Rica San Jose

Dominican Republic Santo Domingo

Chile Santiago

Antigua and Barbuda St. John's

Grenada St. George's

Bolivia Sucre

Honduras Tegucigalpa

Guiana Cayenne

Australia and Oceania- a part of the world consisting of the mainland Australia, islands adjacent to Australia, and islands included in Oceania. The total area of Australia and Oceania is 8.51 million km², the population is 24.2 million people.

Samoa Apia

New Zealand Wellington

Australia Canberra

Marshall Islands Majuro

Palau Ngerulmud

Tonga Nuku'alofa

Micronesia Palikir

Vanuatu Port Vila

Papua - New Guinea Port Moresby

Fiji Suva

Tuvalu Funafuti

Solomon Islands Honiara

Europe is a part of the world that, together with another part of the world, Asia, forms a single continent - Eurasia. Its vast territory contains 44 independent states. But not all of them are included Foreign Europe.

Foreign Europe

In 1991, the international organization CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) was created. Today it includes the following states: Russia, Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. In relation to them, the countries of Foreign Europe are distinguished. There are 40 of them. This figure does not include dependent states - possessions of a particular state that are not formally its territory: Akrotil and Dhekelia (Great Britain), Aland (Finland), Guernsey (Great Britain), Gibraltar (Great Britain), Jersey (Great Britain) ), Isle of Man (UK), Faroe islands(Denmark), Spitsbergen (Norway), Jan Mayen (Norway).

In addition, this list does not include unrecognized countries: Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand.

Rice. 1 Map of Foreign Europe

Geographical position

The states of Foreign Europe occupy relatively small area- 5.4 km2. The length of their lands from north to south is 5,000 km, and from west to east - more than 3,000 km. extreme point to the north is the island of Spitsbergen, and to the south is the island of Crete. This region surrounded by seas on three sides. In the west and south it is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Geographically, Foreign Europe is divided into regions:

Western : Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, Portugal, France, Switzerland;
Northern : Denmark, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Estonia;
South : Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican City, Greece, Spain, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro;
Eastern : Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic.

From ancient times to the present day, the development of Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, and the Netherlands is inextricably linked with the sea. In the west it is difficult to find a place that would be more than 480 km away from the water, and in the east - 600 km.

general characteristics

Foreign European countries vary in size. Among them there are large, medium, small and “dwarf” states. The latter include the Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Malta. As for the population, you can mainly observe countries with a small number of citizens - about 10 million people. According to the form of government, the vast majority of countries are republics. In second place are constitutional monarchies: Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, Monaco, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain, Andorra, Belgium. And at the last stage in the singular - theocratic monarchy: the Vatican. The administrative-territorial structure is also heterogeneous. The majority are unitary states. Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Montenegro, Germany, Austria, Belgium are countries with a federal structure.

Rice. 2 Developed countries of Europe and their capitals

Socio-economic classification

In 1993, the idea of European unification received a new lease of life: that year the treaty establishing the European Union was signed. At the first stage, some countries opposed joining the ranks of such an association (Norway, Sweden, Austria, Finland). The total number of countries included in the modern EU is 28. They are united not only by their name. First of all, they "confess" general economy(single currency), common domestic and foreign policy, as well as security policy. But within this alliance, not everything is so smooth and homogeneous. It has its own leaders - Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. They account for about 70% of the total GDP and more than half of the population of the European Union. The following are small countries, which are divided into subgroups:

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First : Austria, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden;
Second : Greece, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Malta, Cyprus;
Third (developing countries): Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

In 2016, a referendum was held in Great Britain on whether the country should leave the EU. The majority (52%) were in favor. So, the state is on the verge of a difficult process of leaving the large “European family”.

Rice. 3 Rome - the capital of Italy

Foreign Europe: countries and capitals

The following table provides a list of countries and capitals of Overseas Europe in alphabetical order:

*A country*	*Capital*	*Territorial structure*	*Political system*
		Federation	Republic

	Andorra la Vella	Unitary	Republic
	Brussels	Federation	A constitutional monarchy
Bulgaria		Unitary	Republic
Bosnia and Herzegovina		Unitary	Republic
		Theocratic monarchy
	Budapest	Unitary	Republic
Great Britain		Unitary	A constitutional monarchy
Germany		Federation	Republic
		Unitary	Republic
	Copenhagen	Unitary	A constitutional monarchy
Ireland		Unitary	Republic
Iceland	Reykjavik	Unitary	Republic
		Unitary	A constitutional monarchy
		Unitary	Republic
		Unitary	Republic
		Unitary	Republic
Liechtenstein		Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
Luxembourg	Luxembourg	Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
Macedonia		Unitary	Republic
	Valletta	Unitary	Republic
		Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
Netherlands	Amsterdam	Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
Norway		Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
		Unitary	Republic
Portugal	Lisbon	Unitary	Republic
	Bucharest	Unitary	Republic
San Marino	San Marino	Unitary	Republic
		Unitary	Republic
Slovakia	Bratislava	Unitary	Republic
Slovenia		Unitary	Republic
Finland	Helsinki	Unitary	Republic
		Unitary	Republic
Montenegro	Podgorica	Unitary	Republic
		Unitary	Republic
Croatia		Unitary	Republic
Switzerland		Federation	Republic
	Stockholm	Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
		Unitary	Republic

What have we learned?

In this article we talked about the countries and main cities of Foreign Europe. Overseas Europe is a region of Europe. What does it contain? It includes all countries located in the European part of Eurasia, except for the states belonging to the CIS. The European Union operates on the territory of Foreign Europe, which has united 28 states under its roof.

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