The eastern shore of Lake Shartash how to get there. Travel around Lake Shartash with Maydanik B.Z

In the northeast and at a distance of 50 km from Yekaterinburg there is Lake Shartash. Its length is about 4 km, width is about 3 km, and the greatest depth is 5.5 m, but the average for the reservoir is 3 m. The sloping bottom with a descent to the center is almost completely covered with silt, but there are also rocky or sandy places. Also, there is a lot of algae in it, which occupy 80% of the lake’s area. It got its name from two Turkic words: “sary”, which means “yellow” and “tash” - stone, meaning the color of the coastal rocks.

Lake Shartash appeared about 1 million years ago, and ancient religious buildings called “dolmens” are still preserved on its shores. The lake basin is of tectonic origin and was filled in the Quaternary period. The presence of ancient coastal ramparts and terraces on the shore indicates that the water level in the lake was once much higher than it is now.

Lake Shartash in Ekaterinburg - beautiful photo.

On the northern side of the reservoir is the village of Shartash, where gold was previously mined. On the eastern side is the village of Izoplit, and on the southern side is the village of Peski. Not far from the lake you can see a unique natural monument: among pine forest there are granite rocks Stone tents, they are a landmark of Yekaterinburg.

Photo: rocks Stone tents.

The peculiarities of its location mean that it is always crowded, especially in summer. Not long ago, on the shore opened private beach, there is the opportunity to rent boats, catamarans, bicycles, gazebos with barbecues, sun loungers, there is entertainment for children, a football field, a cafe and a disco.

Photo: fishing on Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg.

Fish in the lake include crucian carp, carp, perch, ruffe, roach, tench and gudgeon. But in dry years, due to a decrease in the water level in the reservoir, the fish do not have enough oxygen and die. And so in spring, autumn and even winter, fishermen often come here to fish.

Video: Lake Shartash

One of the favorite vacation spots for residents of Yekaterinburg is Lake Shartash, located on the northeastern outskirts. It covers an area of ​​7.4 sq. km., has a slightly elongated shape with a slightly indented coastline. Currently, Lake Shartash is drainless; you can catch crucian carp, ruffe, chebak and perch in it. Nearby is the swampy lake Maly Shartash (the approaches to it are very difficult). Lake Shartash has interesting story. Its age is determined to be 1 million years. Since the late Neolithic era, people settled along the shores of the lake; as a result of archaeological excavations, Neolithic and Bronze Age sites were found at Cape Runduk and on the eastern shore, in the Krasnaya Gorka tract. In 1662, the Old Believer village of Shartash was built on the northern coast of the island, which became one of the organizational centers of the Old Believers. In 1745, the Berezovskoye gold deposit was discovered in the vicinity of Lake Shartash. For the purpose of exploration and gold mining, in 1756, the Alexander Ditch was dug from the Alexander Pond in the upper reaches of the Berezovka River to the northeastern part of the lake. Over time, the ditch silted up and began to overgrow, now all that remains is the area from Lake Shartash to Fabrichnaya Street. By the 1820s, the Berezovsky mines began to be flooded with groundwater. To drain them, it was decided to drain Lake Shartash into Pyshma; for this purpose, an underground adit and a Humboldt ditch were built from the center of the lake to the northern shore, through which water began to flow from the lake to Pyshma. As a result, the surface of the lake decreased by 16 times, and the mountainous Cape Runduk opened on the western shore. After 1.5 years, the underground adit was silted, and further drainage of Shartash stopped. Gradually, the volume of water in the lake was replenished naturally, and by the 1880s the surface of Lake Shartash had reached its original size. At the beginning of the 20th century, the old Shartash drainage, which was the natural drain of Shartash into the Iset River, was blocked by a bank embankment made of sand, pebbles, clay and shells. A road was laid along the top of the shaft. In 1910, the village of Peski was built behind the road, the history of which ended in 1987 with flooding after a temporary rise in water in the lake. Quartz sands from the eastern and southeastern beaches of Lake Shartash were delivered to Yekaterinburg factories. Since 1910, construction sand began to be mined from the bottom of the lake. To this day, there are deep dangerous holes at the bottom of the lake, and on the shore there are excavations from sand mining. The silt of Lake Shatrash is heavily contaminated with heavy metals from a granite quarry being mined nearby. The water in the lake is opaque due to its drainage. There are about 50 springs around the lake that feed it, in addition to precipitation.

On the shores of Lake Shartash there are wild (on the eastern shore) and equipped beaches. Recreation centers, sports centers, and recreation grounds have been built. Rentals are available for vacationers water transport and a cafe, children's attractions and slides were built. In the southwestern environs of the lake there is the Shartashsky forest park. Behind it, across the road, are the Stone Tents - picturesque granite rock outcrops and the forest park of the same name.

Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg is a natural monument that has come down to us through millennia. This reservoir is unique in its own way; it has miraculously survived to this day. Despite external factors and internal processes, the lake continues to exist and is even gradually being restored. This beautiful creation of nature will be discussed in the article.

Lake Shartash

There is Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg, which is located in the Kirovsky district, in the northeast of the city. This lake used to belong to the Iset River, or more precisely, to its basin. Shartash was formed more than 1 million years ago.

Lake Shartash is 3.8 km long and 2.8 km wide, and total area it reaches about 7.4 km 2. The reservoir is shallow, or rather, shallow, since its average depth is about three meters, and the maximum is 4.7 meters.

Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg is fed by surface runoff, streams and precipitation. The bottom of the reservoir gradually descends from the top point to the center of the lake. The bottom surface is silty, mainly consisting of sapropel; these are centuries-old deposits of organic matter, which man has learned to use for his needs.

History and name of the lake

There are two versions of the appearance of the name of Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg. According to one of them, “shar” and “tash” translated from Turkic mean “lake” and “yellow stone,” respectively. The coastal rock next to the pond is indeed yellow. There is also a rather simplified version, which says that the name translates as “grindstone” or “round stone”.

The history of the lake goes back to ancient times, namely in the Neolithic period, about five to seven thousand years ago. To date, more than two hundred archaeological sites and monuments have been registered in the surrounding areas of Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg. It is known that ancient man set up his camps in these places.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the first Russian settlement of people was formed here, who were hiding from tsarist officials for various reasons. In the middle of the 17th century, the first gold mine deposit in Russia was discovered here. After this, intensive mining began and the Berezovsky mine was opened. To extract and wash gold from the rock, water was needed, which was taken from the lake, which subsequently led to its shallowing.

Fishing on the lake

Lovers fishing can often be found on the lake even in winter period. The following types of fish are found in the reservoir:

  • crucian carp;
  • perch;
  • chebak;
  • gudgeon;
  • ripus.

However, due to a number of reasons, fishing on Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg is of an entertaining nature; it is difficult to count on a big catch here. Mostly due to the fact that the lake is shallow and because the reservoir often becomes shallow and most of the fish die due to lack of oxygen.

Initially, the lake had sufficient water and was rich in fish resources. However, due to the use of water from the lake for gold mining, it gradually became shallow, and the fish population in it decreased significantly. Only in Soviet time They stopped taking water from the lake, and gradually it was possible to restore its previous level and fish resources. However, a small amount of fish does not stop the fishermen, and with enviable tenacity they try to get their valuable trophy.

Rest on Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg

Today on Lake Shartash it is developing resort infrastructure for the many people who want to relax by this beautiful body of water. Comfortable recreation centers have already been built along the picturesque coast, offering various services. There are also sports centers, the focus of which is focused on active recreation.

For tourists and vacationers, there are rental points for various water transport, as well as sports and children's playgrounds. Cafes and small restaurants have been built where they can cook food for a relatively low fee. various dishes, including local cuisine.

For lovers of “wild” holidays, there is the opportunity to camp on the opposite bank in tents, which can also be rented. In the southwest of Lake Shartash there is the Shartash Forest Park, and next to it there are the picturesque so-called Stone Tents. These are granite rocks, behind which there is another forest park, which bears the same name.

Special status of Lake Shartash

Currently, measures have been taken to preserve and restore Lake Shartash. The first step towards this was taken in 2014, when the lake was officially given the status of a natural monument. Any water intake from it was completely stopped and any construction on the adjacent and nearby territory was prohibited.

So-called cleanup days are held periodically; on these days, groups of people collect garbage along the shoreline of the lake. Moreover, strict control has been introduced over the recreation centers located here. Residents enthusiastically accepted this decision of the administration and fully supported it, because if the situation with the lake was left to chance, it would inevitably lead to the death of this beautiful reservoir.

Lake Shartash in Yekaterinburg looks very picturesque in the photo, but photography cannot convey the beauty of these places. Therefore, at the first opportunity, it is recommended to come to these Amazing places and enjoy the splendor of the local nature. You will take away a lot of pleasant memories from here that will remain for a long time.

Lake Shartash was formed about 1 million years ago.
Around the world, 15 lakes are under UNESCO protection, including Shartash Island.
Near the lake there is a unique natural monument - the Shartash stone tents located in the middle of a pine forest.
The name of the lake itself comes from two words of Turkic origin: “sor” - “tash”, which means “round stone”.
Round, flat granite boulders, polished by water and wind, are found along the entire coast. They surprise with their geometrically correct shape.
What are these stone boulders? What kind of energy do they carry?
Who created them? Why are these places called places of power?
What is known......
For a long time northern shores Lake Big Shartash there was only one Old Believer village of Shartash. At the beginning of the 20th century, a small settlement of Peski appeared on the southern coast, and in the 30s, at some distance from eastern shore the village of Izoplit arose - with a factory for the production of peat insulating boards (currently there is no peat production, on the site of the factory there is a floriculture farm "Flowers of the Urals"). On the south-eastern side of the lake in the 1980s, on the site of the Shartash swamp, the Komsomolsky microdistrict was built.

Nowadays Shartash is an endorheic reservoir. The lake has an almost regular bean-shaped shape, with the convex side facing east. It extends from North to South for 4 km, from West to East – for 2-2.5 km and has a mirror area of ​​7.0 sq. km. Modern coastline, about 12 km long, slightly indented. The bottom of the lake slopes gently towards the center. Most of it is covered with dark olive-colored silts - sapropel, and behind last years very littered. The average depth of the lake is 3 m, and the greatest in the center of the reservoir is 4.7 m.

« Round Lake" or "Yellow Stone"?

Lake Shartash It is difficult to determine where the name of the lake and the village came from. If we take as a basis the main components - “shar” and “tash” from the Turkic language, we can translate “shartash” as lake “ yellow stone" A similar explanation is given in his toponymic dictionaries by the famous Ural toponymist A.K. Matveev. He associates this translation with the fact that when granites, within which the lake basin is located, are destroyed, yellow-brown crushed stone and yellow sand are formed.
A loose translation of the name of the village as “Round Stone” or “Whetstone” is scientifically incorrect, although the name “Round Stone” or “Round Lake” most suits the shape of the reservoir.

Shartash and the “most ancient” man.

Shartash Stone TentsThe relationship between the lake and man began in ancient times, in the Neolithic (5-7 thousand years ago) and Bronze Age (2-3 thousand years ago). Ancient man appreciated the favorable conditions of the area and built camps and settlements (unfortified settlements) along the ancient shores of the lake.
Archaeologists have found several Neolithic and Bronze Age sites on the capes of the western coast of Shartash (Cape Runduk) and its eastern coast, in the Krasnaya Gorka tract. Later, during the Iron Age (2300-2700 years ago) primitive people found places for religious rituals - altars, which were usually located in the mountains, on high cliffs. Scientists claim that the Shartash Stone Tents were such a sacrificial place.

Village Shartash.

The village of Shartash, founded in 1662, at the beginning of the 18th century acquired all-Russian fame as one of the organizational centers of the Old Believers. It was a reliable refuge and transit point to Siberia for persecuted schismatics. The main occupation of the residents of Shartash was trade, and every year they traveled to the Nizhny Novgorod fair, Moscow and even Little Russia. Most of the Shartash residents had Moscow roots.

Shartash and the “gold rush”.

In 1745, in the area of ​​the Berezovka River, a tributary of the Pyshma, a famous miner, a resident of the village of Shartash, Erofey Markov discovered the first indigenous gold in Russia. Since 1748 (the year the village of Berezovsky was founded), the deposit has been continuously developed and, as the mines deepen, it “struggles” with groundwater.
Aleksandrovsky Ditch on ShartashIn 1756, as historical sources testify, from the northeastern part of the lake to the upper reaches of the Berezovka River (where the first dam already stood and the Alexander Pond was formed), a ditch was dug 7-10 m deep, up to 5-7 m wide, with a length 7 versts. In the most difficult conditions, without any equipment, gold mine workers - exiled settlers, some of them convicts and recruits, driven by shouts and whips - crushed granite with a pick, pick and shovel and transported it in wheelbarrows, forming high banks above the ditch. However, this ditch, called the “Alexandrovsky Ditch,” did not provide a large influx of water into the mines, and over time it became silted and began to overgrow.
In 1824, mining engineer O.S. Osipov proposed a new plan, very original: through dams and canals it was necessary to connect the Bolshoi and Small Shartash lakes into a single reservoir in order to raise the water level in it by several meters. This would increase the flow of water along the Alexander Ditch to the upper reaches of the Berezovka River. This plan included making three ledges of water along the Alexander Ditch, each 10 m lower than the other, and installing water wheels under the ledges that would drive the mine pumps. But this plan was rejected by the mining authorities as expensive and time-consuming.
In our time, the Alexander Ditch has been preserved in a small area: from the lake to Fabrichnaya Street, and the rest of the area has long been filled in and occupied by collective gardens. Water accumulates in the preserved section of the ditch only after the snow melts. There is no connection with the lake, because there is a road near the shore.
Thus, in the middle of the 18th century, the lake experienced its first noticeable economic impact from humans.

Humboldt's plan failed.

Fragment topographic map outskirts of Sverdlovsk. 1929 Three quarters of a century later, the lake was again “attacked” by people. At the end of the 20s of the 19th century, the Berezovsky mines noticeably deepened and began to be filled with groundwater even more. Just at this time, in June 1829, Alexander Humboldt (1769-1859, scientist, traveler, one of the founders of German natural science) arrived in the Urals, in Yekaterinburg. After examining the lake and the Berezovsky mines, he came to the conclusion that it was necessary to lower the lake to Pyshma. In his opinion, a decrease in the water level in the lake would lead to the drainage of the surrounding swamps, and this should reduce the flow of groundwater into the mines. The authority of a world-famous scientist did not allow him to listen to the statements of mining masters, in particular, L.I. Brusnitsyn, who knew the geological structure of the area well and did not believe in the success of such an undertaking. And the mining authorities were of little interest in the fate of the lake: after all, it was about gold!
After Humboldt’s departure from the Urals, in 1831-1832, from the center of the lake to the north (towards the modern radio station) they began to build an underground adit and a ditch (people called it the Humboldt ditch), through which water from the lake rushed into the Kalinovka river, and from there to Pyshma.
Stones near the shore of Lake Shartash Soon, a small muddy lake remained in place of Lake Shartash (the water area of ​​the lake decreased 16 times compared to its modern size), to the chagrin and disadvantage of the Shartash population, one of whose occupations was fishing. At this time, the southwestern part of the lake, which still retains the name “bay of mowings”, was completely drained and turned into a flowering meadow, and a mountainous cape on the western shore of the reservoir, Cape Runduk (Runduk - chest), was freed from under the water. This is how large rectangular chests with a lid for storing food were called in the 17th century in Tula and other cities in central Russia). Cape Runduk, which flows into the lake, resembles such a large chest in appearance - its slopes are almost vertical, and its surface is flat, covered with pine forest.
Fortunately, the final drainage of the lake did not occur, since after 15 months the adit was filled with silt. Meanwhile, water in the mines continued to interfere with gold mining. Therefore, the idea of ​​further draining the lake was abandoned. Humboldt was wrong! Yes, it couldn’t be otherwise. The few days he spent studying the area could not give reliable results. Only in the 20th century did hydrogeologists prove that the structure of the Shartash granite massif (within which most of the lake bed is located) and the Berezovskoe ore field have different geological structure and the depth of fissure waters.
Gradually, mainly due to precipitation and snow melting, as well as underwater springs, the lake began to increase in size and in the mid-80s of the 19th century, Lake Shartash reached its previous size, and after some time - even larger than before the release of water : This is how the artificial connection of Lake Shartash with the water system of the Pyshma basin ended.

The source and the village of Peski.

Lake ShartashThe natural flow of the lake into the Iset River - Shartash old flow, as old maps of the mid-18th and early 19th centuries show, was carried out through the southern bay, somewhat west of the village of Peski. Already at the very end of the last century, the Old Stok was not distinguished by its consistency and, flowing through the swamp, did not always carry its waters to the Iset (Shartash Stok, in the past the left tributary of the Iset, had a mouth near the village, now the city of Aramil).
By the beginning of the 20th century, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis Stock, the surf of sand, pebbles, clay and shells created a coastal rampart along which the road ran. The village of Peski arose behind the road in 1910 (it existed until 1987, when it was flooded due to a temporary rise in water).
The sand of Lake Shartash - pure quartz, with a small admixture of gray clay - was used as brewery sand - a necessary flux additive, along with lime, for blast furnace smelting of copper. The main and almost the only supplier of construction sand for Yekaterinburg factories was the beach of Lake Shartash. Since 1910, sand began to be extracted from the underwater part. In winter, work moved on ice deeper into the lake. That is why there are holes in the coastal part of the reservoir, which you need to be careful of when swimming. Evidence of intensive sand production in the past are noticeable depressions along the banks (eastern, southeastern), now overgrown with grass and bushes.

Younger brother - Maly Shartash.

Lake Maly Shartash from space At a short distance from Lake Big Shartash in the southeast direction there is a small lake - Maly Shartash - among the swampy lowlands of the Maloshartash swamp.
Lake Maly Shartash is the big Shartash in miniature. The same oval shape, stretching from north to south for a length of less than one kilometer. The width of the reservoir is 400 m, the average depth is 1.2 m, the greatest is 1.8 m, the surface area is 3.4 hectares. This lake is located 9 m below the level of Big Shartash. Streams flow out of the lake, feeding the Istok River (the left tributary of the Iset River). On the western shore of the reservoir there are also granite rocks - Malye Shartashskiye - a copy of larger ones, but smaller in size. Their height is 8-9 m. The lake is heavily overgrown with sedge, cattail, and reeds. Open water less than 2 hectares left.
In the vicinity of the lake and on its northwestern shore, archaeologists have discovered traces of a settlement ancient man– from the Neolithic era to the Iron Age. Despite its proximity to the metropolis, the fauna of Lake Maly Shartash is very diverse - in spring there are a lot of migratory songbirds, many waterfowl, amphibians, reptiles, including snakes and vipers; Among mammals – foxes, hares, squirrels. There is fish - chebak, perch, bream. The lake is visited only knowledgeable people, access by car is not possible.

With the first rays of the Ural sun, UralWeb naturalists continued their search for the ideal place for beach holiday in the vicinity of Yekaterinburg. Our next check point was Lake Shartash.

The main advantage of Shartash compared to other reservoirs is that it is located within the city, and you can get there by anything. As for the recreation infrastructure, as our sudden check showed, it is very heterogeneous.

The most protected place

We started our inspection from the farthest beach that we could get to - this is the eastern side of Shartash, at the very end of the private sector.

We drive towards Berezovsky along Blyukhera Street, then along Proezzhaya, right before the Rybakov stop. The Proezzhaya goes to the right into a private one - we drive along it.

We drive past luxurious cottages along Osipenko Lane, then along Kedrovaya Street to the right, then left to Fishermen Street and reach the very end of the road. We stop opposite a beautiful cottage and walk along the fence.

We walk about 50 meters and find ourselves on a neat wild beach. It consists of two parts: the first is the one that will be after 50 meters, and to the second you need to walk another 150 meters along the shore. There will be noticeably more space there.

In general, this place is mainly visited by residents of the surrounding cottages, and for the most part they behave quite decently and do not litter much. In addition, there is no way to get to the beaches by car, so no one will bother you there with loud music either. True, since the beach is wild, there are no toilets on it.

The beach, as we already said, is quite clean and entry is free.

And eat the fish and sit on the shore

Almost at random we stopped at the Caspian cafe, located by the road. Its main attraction, besides Azerbaijani cuisine, is the magnificent terrace right by the water. You can sit, eat lamb shish kebab (quite inexpensive, by the way) and admire the ducks, sometimes throwing them pieces of bread.

And if you can’t admire the ducks, you can get great aesthetic pleasure from watching a real Caucasian fight! So, as soon as we entered the cafe, we immediately witnessed a short but very sparkling brawl. Judging by the lightning-fast reaction of the staff and the absolute indifference of visitors, this happens here quite often, and maybe even is part of the evening entertainment program.

In general, the Caspian Sea is a good place where you can sit with a group (preferably a large one). In addition, the prices here are quite low, and the cuisine is very tasty.

It’s true that you won’t be able to dive into the water here. This place is not intended for swimming in any way, and the owners of the establishment do their best to prevent this. And you already know what they do with violators here.

Relax with a sparkle

The next point of our check is Ogonyok beach, located in the private sector. You drive along the street to the “Dachnaya” stop, turn right in front of it (near a billboard advertising flagstone), after about 250 meters turn left onto Otdykha Street, where after 100 meters you reach a paid parking lot.

You can leave the car there, or you can drive closer to the lake. In both places, parking will cost 50 rubles for any period of time.

This place turned out to be the most comfortable of all that we were able to visit on this moment. We were a little confused by the signs prohibiting swimming, but local workers assured us that swimming was actually possible, and the signs had simply been removed from last year.

The signs, however, looked quite fresh.

On the beach, in addition to parking, there was also a small water park consisting of several slides. True, at the time of our visit it was possible to ride only one of them.

There were also some pretty nice gazebos here: simpler and cooler. Those that are simpler could be rented for 100 rubles per hour, and those that are cooler (there are two of them) can be rented for 7 and 10 thousand rubles per day, respectively. Toilet available.

After much questioning, we finally managed to find out the phone number by which you can book these same gazebos - 8 919 3771777.

Closer to civilization

As you know, getting to Shartash from Shefskaya or ZhBI is much more convenient, both by your own transport and by public transport. By car, it is best to drive from ZhBI along Shefskaya and immediately after the railway crossing, before the sign “Kuznya”, turn onto Otdykha Street.

The first place we were able to get to was the sports base of the Kirovskoye municipal unitary enterprise.
In general, this bank of Shartash is much more comfortable compared to the opposite one - the proximity of the city still has an effect. At the first base we found a rather cozy cafe with low prices, boat and bicycle rentals, a children's playground and, of course, a toilet.

Preparing for beach season, apparently, was not finished here yet, since the entire area adjacent to the water was going to be paved. For what purpose, they could not explain to us.

Swimming is not allowed here, at least there is a recent prohibition sign hanging.

But you can go boating. Renting a boat here costs 250 rubles per hour. There are no discounts when renting for several hours.

A catamaran (though we didn’t notice them on the pier) can be rented for 200 rubles per hour, and a large catamaran (also not spotted) can be rented for 250.

But there is a wide range of bicycle rentals here: from children's bicycles (100 rubles per hour) to mountain bikes (200 rubles per hour) and bicycles with child seats (250 rubles per hour). In total there are more than 40 bicycles and 3 routes for those who decide to ride.

If you still want to swim in Shartash, you can walk further 500 meters and reach a small semi-wild beach. True, there are no stalls with cold beer here, but there is a lifeguard.

After another 500 meters we reached the next equipped recreation area - Extreme-A.

It is not entirely clear who it belongs to, but in many respects it was noticeably inferior to the previous recreation center. There is a cafe, there are gazebos with barbecues, but they are in very poor condition, and a decent amount of garbage was scattered near each of them. Apparently this beach is not cleaned often.

At the rental point we were met by a rather sullen young man. Either we woke him up, or he was already tired of working, but he spoke to us very reluctantly and was confused in his testimony.
There are also rentals of boats and bicycles here, although the fleet of bicycles is much poorer: we counted only 10 pieces; it is unknown how many were rented. Bicycle rental - 200 rubles per hour. Boats and catamarans - also 200 rubles per hour.

But on this beach it is allowed (that is, not prohibited) to swim, which many did. There is no sand here - only trampled grass in places. And the beach area is not being cleaned as vigorously as we would like.

And finally we reached the divers and surfers station, which is at the very end of Otdykha Street.

There is no beach infrastructure here, swimming is prohibited (there are no entrances into the water), but the area is quite neat, and you can just sit on the grass and admire the surfers, of whom there are plenty here in windy weather.

The next object of our visit is Lake Baltym. Wait for the report!

And those who are planning to relax on Tavatui, do not forget to read this material

 

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