Asian countries for tourism. For five countries of Southeast Asia. Tourism in Southeast Asia

Better than the mountains maybe just beach holiday. Or better yet: there is a time for the mountains, but there must also be a time for the beach. IN last years European winter resorts are losing popularity, giving the palm to the hot beaches of Asia. But Asia is big and the weather in different parts of it is different. Where to go to truly relax, and not sit in an exotic hut, escaping the monsoons and downpours? We have reviewed places where in winter good weather, where you can go on your own or by purchasing a tour. Where you can sunbathe and swim together, in a group, with children. We present to you 12 Asian resorts for every taste, color, interest and budget.

You can, of course, just lie on the beach, but it’s better to combine business with pleasure. Ancient temples, cities in the jungle, fantastic shows, new tastes and aromas. And all this, as a rule, is located some 1-1.5 km from that same luxurious beach with white sand. Read short review 12 best Asian resorts, where there is time for the sea, entertainment and relaxation for the whole family.

Bali

They wrote, talked, shouted, and made films about Bali. This is probably the most desirable island in the world. Not that big, but almost perfect. Weddings take place here, romantic vacations for lovers, the most fabulous dinners on the beach, and parents with children also come here. Bali has everything that lovers of the sea, sun and leisurely lazy rest. It's fabulous a nice place, tropical paradise and a corner of earthly pleasures. And also, there are good-natured dolphins and good wave for surfers. If you have not been to Bali yet, then it is worth considering this option.

You can find and book a flight to Bali (Denpaser) Here.

Housing cost: from €25 per night.

Goa

First of all: Goa is not an island, as many people believe. This is the western coast, a former colony founded by the Portuguese. Let it not be so here White sand, and the sea is the most ordinary warm sea. But you will combine your vacation with a visit to snow-white Catholic churches, and you will see the old fort in Chapora. The relics of St. Francis are kept here. There is a very colorful Old city. Goa is the spirit of freedom with the scent of the ocean breeze. And most importantly - well developed tourism infrastructure. Shops, services and a lot of housing offers. From expensive hotels to simple guesthouses.

You can find and book a flight to GOA (Dabolim) Here.

Housing cost: from € 15 per night.

Sri Lanka

Yes, yes, this is Ceylon. The birthplace of delicious tea. But that’s not the only thing that will surprise you with the island. This is very beautiful nature, , ancient architecture and a very pleasant environment. Here you can take a boat ride, dive on a coral reef, or windsurf. Here you will be offered to experience for yourself what real Ayurvedic medicine is. The warm, gentle and very clean sea will appeal to everyone: there are calm family beaches and for surfers. Don't forget about the abundance of tropical fruits. You won't gain extra pounds from such lazy rest.

You can find and book a flight to Sri Lanka (Colombo) Here.

Housing cost: from € 15 per night.

Phuket

The most popular beach town in Thailand. There really is something for every taste and color, as they say. Do you want active nightlife right on the beach? Then head to Patong. If your priority is calm, measured days with your family, then the quiet beach of Nai Harnom will be such an ideal option. For a stormy romantic adventure, Karon is suitable with a picturesque cape, cafes, and places for a couple in love to retire. By the way, we do not recommend swimming far into the sea, it can be dangerous. There is not only active life here, but also predatory fauna.

You can find and book a flight to Phuket Here.

Housing cost: from € 22 per night.

Langkawi

Beaches squeezing in Golden ring tropical hills of all shades of green. This is what it is, the island of Langkawi in Malaysia. Here you must always be on your guard, otherwise small monkeys will easily steal your towel, camera or cap. You will need a camera, especially during the flowering period of the red jasmine. Here you can enjoy fresh papaya, yellow watermelons and rambutans and exotic durian to your heart's content. The best freshly squeezed juices, fruit and even alcoholic cocktails are available to you in bars. The food is delicious, Asian-spicy. Lots of fish, noodles and, of course, where without spicy curry?

You can find and book a flight to Kuala Lumpur Here. From KL to Langkawi you can travel by local airlines, ferry, bus or train.

Housing cost: from € 17 per night.

Maldives

Here you won’t need shoes, and you can immediately forget about your bad mood. The Maldives is not one island, but 1200. An entire archipelago of small islands covered with amazing white sand. It's not so much sand as shells crushed by the ocean. Some islands are larger, there are more large hotels or bungalow complexes. And there are very small ones, with only 1-2 houses on stilts. They don’t really like TVs here, and there’s not enough internet. Yes, all this is not so necessary on vacation, when you can swim, walk, look at incredible beautiful birds and butterflies, scuba diving. Spend one or two days doing aromatherapy at a spa. They really know how to give a massage, which brings even the most avid worker back to life.

You can find and book a flight to the Maldives (Male, Hulule Atoll) Here.

Housing cost: from €34 per night.

Samui

It was opened relatively recently. Just in the 1970s. Tourists on a boat accidentally swam into these waters. And they couldn’t hold back their cries of admiration. The island looked as if no one had ever been here. Paradise Island with coconut trees and a couple of huts. Very soon, rampant construction began. Everyone wanted to invest in this new paradise for Europeans. Of course, there is pure white sand, an amazing blue sea, green jungle right up to the shore. Only 50 years have passed and now Samui has become luxury resort Thailand. It has not lost its charm; hotel owners take great care of this.

You can find and book a flight to Koh Samui via Bangkok Here.

Housing cost: from €21 per night.

Vung Tau

An excellent solution for those who value a “50/50” vacation. The resort is located quite far from the noisy big cities of Vietnam. But not so far away that you can't visit Ho Chi Minh City or Saigon. It's warm, beautiful, tasty and very interesting here. You have the opportunity to take a break from beach life and plunge into city life. Vietnam is a very beautiful country, worth visiting.

Here. From Ho Chi Minh City you can get to Vung Tau by speedboat or bus.

Housing cost: from €9 per night.

Hainan

China also has beautiful tropical islands. Previously, by the way, unwanted nobles were exiled here so that they could live away from the capital and secular pleasures. Now tourists are tearing off tickets for this best resort China. All 12 months of the year are in season, there is a warm sea and a lot of interesting things to do. Let's not forget that this is the best health resort in the entire Celestial Empire. Here you can improve your health, strengthen your immune system and prepare for life “after your vacation.”

You can find and book a flight to Hainan (Sanya airport) Here.

Housing cost: from € 12 per night.

Kerala

Now let's move to the Arabian Sea in South India. There is another famous resort here. Kerala or the Kerala coast, Varkala resort in particular, looks as if someone has persistently perfected it in Photoshop. White sand, tall palm trees with coconuts, leisurely days in blue light during the day, pink sunsets, clear air. It is convenient to enter the sea, the descent is gentle. They say this is where Ayurveda was born. So, welcome to spa treatments, massages, all kinds of relaxing treatments. For almost 5,000 years, masters of oriental medicine polished their skills here. Here they treat not only the body, but also the spirit. Don't miss the offer to relieve stress right on the seashore.

You can find and book a flight to Trivandrum, the capital of Kerala Here.

Housing cost: from € 13 per night.

Sihanoukville

On the shores of the Gulf of Thailand is the only and unique resort in Cambodia. Yes, there is only one, but what a one! 500 km closer to the equator than Thai resorts. But, unlike Pattaya, it is calm and quite secluded. Although, the laurels of the famous neighbor do not allow Sihanoukville to sleep peacefully. Perhaps in another 10 years, we won’t recognize Sihanoukville. It will turn into the “Pattaya of the future”. If you need to visit Cuba before McDonald's arrives, then Sihanoukville is worth a trip before it becomes a second Pattaya.

Find and book flights to Phnom Penh, the closest airport to Sihanoukville, Can Here.

Housing cost: from €18 per night.

Phan Thiet

Just 200 km from Ho Chi Minh City. But the roads here are such that expect a minimum of 4 hours. More and more popular resort Vietnam among Russians in recent years. So, if you wanted to be away from your native speech, you won’t be able to do that here. There are a lot of cheerful young people, there are married couples, adventure seekers on their own, and lovely English elderly couples. In short, there is a very diverse crowd here. This is because Phan Thiet can offer an excellent holiday to all categories of tourists. Pleasant climate, warm sea all year round. What more could you ask for?

You can find and book a flight to Ho Chi Minh City Here. From Ho Chi Minh City you can get to Phan Thiet by taxi, bus and train.

Housing cost: from €9 per night.

All these resorts are suitable for winter holidays. But we must remember that the islands are in the sea, and where there is sea, there is a monsoon period. On one side of the island it is warm and dry, on the other it is windy and unpleasant. Check the details - they are the key to a relaxing holiday.

If you decide to buy a ticket from a travel agency and they made you a “favorable” offer at a very low price, check for yourself whether there are monsoons in this particular place during this period. The weather on the islands is very different: on one coast there is paradise, on the opposite coast there is boredom.

Relax and enjoy, but choose the place carefully!

East Asia - largest part the Asian continent, which includes Far East our country, vast territories of China, Japan, South and North Korea(DPRK), Taiwan and Mongolia. In terms of geography, natural and climatic zones, East Asia is extremely diverse. Here are located high mountains, in East Asia, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are frequent; a large area is occupied by plains. The countries of East Asia are washed by the waters of the Yellow, East China and Japanese seas. The combination of monsoon, temperate and subtropical climates determines the unique composition of the flora and fauna of East Asia.

Holidays in the countries of East Asia can be whatever you want - until recently, regions almost inaccessible to tourism are becoming increasingly popular. Sights await lovers of urban tourism Chinese capital Beijing, as well as major cities Shanghai and Hong Kong; those who dream of a beach holiday go to the tropical island resort of Hainan. Traveling to Taiwan is the best way to get acquainted with traditional Chinese culture; many temples, architectural and historical monuments have been preserved here; the rhythm of life in Taiwan is strikingly different from that established on the mainland. Fans of extreme travel flock to Taiwan - in remote areas in the east there are wild, impenetrable forests, wild mountain rivers await their conquerors, and caves hide many unsolved mysteries. There are resorts on the islands and in the most beautiful corners of the coast - both luxury and quite affordable. A trip to Japan is exotic for many tourists, as this country is so different from any other. Staying in the capital of the country, Kyoto, leaves you with the feeling of traveling to a fantastic future.

Holidays in the countries of the Caucasus

Transcaucasia is a region located south of the Main Range Greater Caucasus between the Black and Caspian seas. This geopolitical region is located at the crossroads of ancient and modern trade routes between Europe and Asia; in the south, the countries of Transcaucasia border with Turkey and Iran, in the north – with the North Caucasian regions of Russia. The countries of Transcaucasia include Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Abkhazia, where in recent years they have paid special attention to the development of tourism. And although the tourist infrastructure here is still imperfect, travelers have a unique opportunity to get acquainted with history and culture ancient civilizations at an acceptable price-quality ratio.

Georgia has enormous tourism potential. this to your guests sunny country can offer a holiday Black Sea coast, dozens balneological resorts, numerous monuments of nature and art, as well as other attractions. Georgia is famous for its castles, monasteries and fortresses, unique landscapes, original cuisine, friendliness and sincere hospitality of the local people.

A trip to Azerbaijan will be memorable for lovers of ancient history. In the cities of Kuba, Sheki, Lenkoran, Shemakha, whose age is hundreds of years old, towers, churches, monasteries, minarets and other historical monuments have been preserved, many of which appeared here even BC.

Armenia is an ancient country, one of the most interesting to visit and rich in attractions not only in Transcaucasia, but throughout the Old World. Back in the 9th century BC. the state of Urartu was formed here, in addition, Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity; Ancient Christian monuments have been preserved in all, even the most remote corners of the country.

Tourism in Western Asia

Western Asia is a diverse region. The countries united by the term Western Asia are developing unevenly, among them there are both leaders of the tourism industry - Turkey, Israel, and those whose travel is still classified as extreme - Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Jordan. For tourists, the countries of Western Asia are interesting from the point of view of the opportunity to see with their own eyes natural monuments and ancient civilizations, and get acquainted with their original culture and traditions.

The largest country in Western Asia - Türkiye - can offer guests hundreds of different routes for interesting trips and thousands of vacation spots on the coasts of the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean seas. In Turkey, the ruins of ancient cities and legendary Christian shrines have been preserved; travelers can enjoy the plains and lakes of Anatolia, the fantastic landscapes of Cappadocia and the best beach holiday in the world. Two components of the recreation industry in Israel are health and pilgrimage tourism. Unique Natural resources Dead Sea help to restore health, diving enthusiasts flock to the Red Sea coast, tens of thousands of tourists annually come to the capital of the country, Jerusalem, to get acquainted with the shrines of Christianity and Islam.

middle Asia

Central Asia is the general name for several former Soviet republics, and currently independent states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The beauty of nature and unique culture have always attracted tourists here. Now the hotel sector and tourism infrastructure of these countries are intensively developing, giving travelers more possibilities for comfortable travel and getting to know the countries of Central Asia.

On the vast territory of Kazakhstan - more than 2,720 thousand sq. km - there are deserts, flowering steppes, mountain ranges, thousands of large and small rivers, as well as picturesque lakes. It is the diversity of nature that attracts hikers and extreme species sports Climbers strive to reach the seven-thousander Khan Tengri; attempting to conquer the steep slopes of this peak is a respectable challenge for an athlete of any level. In the densely forested foothills of Kyongei-Alatau hide the most beautiful green lakes Kul-Sey, and in the east of the country - huge lake Balkhash, famous for its unique ecosystem.

Uzbekistan is rightfully considered a treasury of Central Asian culture. One of the central links of the great Silk Road, it is full architectural monuments and evidence of ancient empires, many of which are carefully preserved in perfect condition. The blooming oasis of Azerbaijan - the hospitable capital of Tashkent - is located in the picturesque foothills of the Tien Shan and is the best place to get acquainted with the culture of the country. The center of tourist interest is the city-museum of Samarkand, the same age as Rome, the capital of the oldest Asian state.

Most of the territory of Turkmenistan is occupied by the Karakum desert with unique climate and peculiar fauna. Turkmenistan can offer guests unforgettable vacation on the coast of the Caspian Sea.

Tourism in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is an amazingly diverse region of the planet, including the continental states of Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and the island states of Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei and East Timor.

The undisputed leader in the tourism sector of Southeast Asia is Thailand; it is the most visited country in the region. It seems that life in Thailand is all about finding new ways to surprise and delight foreign guests. Martial arts, religious holidays, the arts of massage and cooking work to attract curious tourists to the country. Taking care of more than 400 temples and pagodas in the capital of Thailand, Bangkok, and the beaches of the resorts of Phuket, Pattaya, and Samui annually brings the country's treasury millions of dollars. At night, Bangkok, which never sleeps, can offer guests a wide variety of entertainment. The second point of the mandatory tourist program after Bangkok is the ancient capital of Siam, Ayutthaya - this historical park, like many other sites in the country, is under the protection of UNESCO.

Indonesia is the largest archipelago of islands in the world and the largest state in Southeast Asia, which could more accurately be called the most big resort planets. Java, Bali, Sumatra, Kalimantan are famous for their beautiful beaches, modern spa centers, endlessly diverse flora and fauna, breathtaking tourist routes and fantastic diving sites.

The city-state of Singapore attracts tourists with the charm of its old colonial quarters and the ultra-modern appearance of its business center. Architectural and historical monuments of the capital of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, combined with magnificent resorts numerous tropical islands allow you to make your holiday in Malaysia varied and eventful.

Tourism in South West Asia

Just a few decades ago, the countries of South-West Asia - Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE - were not considered attractive for foreign tourists directions. The situation began to change in the middle of the last century, when funds received from oil production in the region made it possible to invest huge resources in the development of the tourism sector and infrastructure. Dozens of oases-resorts appeared right in the middle of the lifeless desert, settlements, consisting of several streets, turned into the largest metropolises.

The hub of South West Asia tourism is definitely United United Arab Emirates- independent states on the coast Persian Gulf with the capital Abu Dhabi and the largest emirate Dubai. With the scale and luxury characteristic of Arabs, dozens of hotels, multi-storey shopping and entertainment complexes and business centers are built here every year. Dubai is famous for its profitable shopping and fashionable resorts on artificial islands. It seems that neither the sea nor the desert can stop the engineering thought of the creators of the fastest growing city in the world.

The closest “neighbor” of the UAE is colorful Oman, which, due to its unique location, is unlike any other country in South-West Asia. There are many ancient port cities along the long coast of Oman; clean and uncrowded sandy beaches with free umbrellas and sunbeds can be found almost everywhere. In Oman's capital, Muscat, guests will find plenty interesting museums and hospitable restaurants.

The center of tourism in Saudi Arabia is Mecca. Millions of Muslims visit this western city in the foothills of Sarawat every year. Also popular among believers are trips to Medina, located north of Mecca, and tourism is gradually developing in the north of the country.

Tourism in South Asia

Despite the fact that most countries in South Asia are classified as developing countries, tourists from all over the world every year make their choice in favor of the democratic beaches of southwest India, the vibrant exoticism of Sri Lanka, the exquisite resorts of the Maldives, and the rugged beauty of Tibet.

You can travel around India endlessly. The oldest country in the world, India, with its unusual vibrant beauty, captivates thousands of Europeans who, to their own surprise, experience peace here and rediscover the simple joys of life. In recent years, India - especially its coast - has become a place of pilgrimage for the creative intelligentsia, people seeking pure communication with each other and unity with nature. Breathtaking views of the Indian Ocean make even short vacation at Indian resorts unforgettable. In addition to beaches and diving in Goa and other resorts west coast, India can offer its guests educational trips to natural and historical monuments Delhi, Agra, Mumbai, Rajasthan.

Sri Lanka (Ceylon) is an island of endless holiday. Guests of the island cannot help but succumb to the joyful and carefree mood that reigns in Sri Lanka all year round. The name of the island means “blessed land”, which one cannot but agree with, looking at the lush green tea plantations and national parks, where the rarest representatives of flora and fauna live. Tourists can enjoy coastal resorts and trips to monuments of architecture, history and religion, and get acquainted with local culinary and folklore traditions.

Lovers of everything unusual flock to Bhutan - this mysterious country only recently became open to tourists. For centuries, Bhutan has been a country in the east Himalayan mountains– was almost completely isolated, and now amazes guests with the beauty of numerous Buddhist monasteries and the originality of a lovingly preserved culture.

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Asia is the largest part of the world. More than half of the world's population lives here. In order to better understand the peculiarities of tourism development in this largest part of the world, the following regions should be highlighted: South-West Asia (Near and Middle East), South Asia
, Southeast Asia, Central and East Asia.
Asia is attracting an increasing number of tourists due to the following factors:
- a huge, extremely capacious territory for receiving tourists (Asia is the largest part of the world);
- washing the coast of Asia by three oceans and dozens of their seas and bays;
- the location of this part of the world in all climatic regions, the significant diversity and richness of natural landscapes and recreational resources;
- the presence of a huge number of historical and cultural monuments, as well as natural attractions;
- the location of the world’s most important shrines and centers of pilgrimage in Asia;
- the ethnic diversity of the continent;
- the presence in Asia of countries with the highest population in the world: China, India; - rapid pace economic development a number of countries: Singapore, Japan, South Korea
, Malaysia, China, etc.
Along with these favorable conditions, there are also a number of negative factors that hinder the development of tourism in Asia. First of all, it should be noted: - unfavorable natural conditions
for tourism in vast territories of a number of countries (deserts, highlands with complex terrain, jungles, etc.);
- poor development of transport infrastructure in a number of countries;
lack of internal political and economic stability in a number of Asian countries (Afghanistan, Lebanon, Iran, Iraq).
The main purpose of visiting Asia by tourists from other parts of the world is to get acquainted with the culture, historical and natural attractions. Business trips and congress tourism are most typical for Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and China. Israel is visited for the purpose of treatment and worship of religious values.
External tourism relations in Asia are carried out mainly
aviation. Most flights are operated by international aircraft
airlines, a smaller part - by companies owned
countries of Asia.

Due to the wide range of climatic conditions, there is no specific season for arrivals in Asia, but it can be traced to individual regions.
The main tourist market for Asia is the countries of Europe (of which the former metropolitan countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the Scandinavian countries stand out), the USA and Canada. From Africa, the largest tourist flows are from the Maghreb countries to Mecca and Medina, and from East Africa- to India, Pakistan and Iran. There are relatively large flows of tourists from Australia and New Zealand, especially to Southeast and South Asia. Among the Asian countries, Japan stands out in intra-Asian flows.
Flows from Asia to other parts of the world are relatively small; the Asian tourist market is still completely inadequate to match the huge size of its population. Today, the Japanese and residents of a number of countries in South-West Asia are the most likely to travel outside this part of the world.

Southwest Asia

This region covers a vast and extremely diverse territory geographically, historically and socio-economically. This includes 16 states: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Qatar, Cyprus, Kuwait, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey. It should be noted that the conventional concept of “Near and Middle East” is somewhat broader than “Southwest Asia”, since it covers the territory of the states of South-West Asia, as well as Egypt and Sudan. Profitable geographical position some states and regions are combined with the remoteness and isolation of others; favorable climatic and landscape conditions for tourism and resort business, as well as the diversity of recreational resources in some countries - with desert and arid ones (in most of the Arabian Peninsula) in others. There are also serious political differences: in a number of states in the region, monarchies (including absolute ones) with strong vestiges of feudal and tribal relations have been preserved, but the republican form of government still prevails.

In general, South-West Asia can be considered one of the most promising regions in the development of tourism. Wide access to many seas and bays of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well as to the Caspian Sea, geographical location at the junction of three parts of the world, various relief and climatic conditions, big number sunny days, unique natural attractions, numerous historical, cultural and religious monuments, the presence of a developed tourist infrastructure in a number of countries (Cyprus, Turkey, Israel) - all these and many other factors contribute to the widespread attraction of guests from other parts of the world, as well as the development of tourist exchange within the region.

Southwest Asia includes the states of the Near and Middle East with an ancient history and predominantly Muslim culture. The exception is Israel, a country of immigration and widespread Judaism with its shrines. Historically, the city of Jerusalem is currently located on the territory of Israel, where the shrines of three religions are located: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This, on the one hand, attracts a large number of tourists, partly pilgrims, and on the other, creates the ground for constant conflicts, which also affects the scale of tourism.

In the countries of this zone, the attention of tourists is attracted by the warm sea (especially the Mediterranean, washing the shores of Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Israel), and the subtropical climate. Lovers educational tourism attract ancient cities or their ruins, numerous cities with their historical and cultural heritage - Istanbul (Turkey), Amman (Jordan), the ancient cities of Lebanon Baalbek, Saida, as well as organizing tourist center Beirut, Nicosia (Cyprus), Iranian cities of Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Hamadan, etc.

Certain countries of the Arab East, as well as Türkiye, attract many “shuttles” - participants in shopping tours. Afghanistan has interesting tourism opportunities, but the events of recent decades make it impossible to use them. South-West Asia contains the following tourist macro-regions: Cyprus and Turkey, Palestine, Arab states (Middle East), Middle East.

Cyprus is a state located on island of the same name in the northeastern part of the Mediterranean.

Cyprus first gained independence in 1960, but in 1974 Turkish troops landed on the island. After this, the northern territory of the country went to Turkey. There are no diplomatic relations between the Greek and Turkish parts. Turkish part closed to entry from the Greek side.

The territory of the Greek part of the island (Republic of Cyprus) is 5.9 thousand square meters. km, Turkish part ( Northern Cyprus) - 3.35 thousand sq. km. The coast of the island in the northern part is rugged and rocky, the south of the island is flat, with long sandy beaches. In the center and southwest of the island is the vast old volcanic massif of Troodos ( highest point- Mount Olympos, 1951 m). Between the mountains lies the vast and fertile valley of Mesaoria.

Cyprus in ancient times was the center of Mediterranean trade, which led to the mixing of cultural monuments of all European civilizations on its land. The capital of the country is Nicosia with the Center for Applied Arts located there, the Archbishop's Square with the Archbishop's Palace, the Gate of Ammochostos and the Statue of Liberty, the Archaeological Museum, the Venetian fortress walls (XVI century) with the Famagusta Gate and the ring of the Municipal Park outside, the Church of Chrysaliniotissa, built in 1450, the Omeriye Mosque , the churches of Trypiotis and Faneromeni, cathedral ev. John, built in 1662.

Limassol It is best known for its beaches, the Medieval Museum, old castles, and wine production. Monuments Larnaca are Larnaca Fortress (1625); Jami Kebir Mosque; church ev. Lazarus; Laiki Getonya (one of the ancient quarters); Church of Angeloktistos; the Hala Sultan Tekke Mosque (1816), one of the main Muslim shrines (since Umm Haram, the aunt of the Prophet Muhammad, is buried here); aqueduct (used for its intended purpose until 1939); Catholic Cathedral Sofia (XIII century); Archaeological Museum; royal chapel ev. Katerina.

Within the resort Pathos interesting Port Fortress, Paphos Mosaics, included in the world register cultural heritage UNESCO, Panayia Limeniotissa, Odeon Theatre, Catacombs. Solomonia, Royal Tombs, Church of Chrysopolites and Column of St. Paul, "House of Theseus", "Villa

Dionysus", Aphrodite beach, Smolensk Bay, the ancient Roman city of Curium with its Greco-Roman theater, Kolossi Castle. Monuments of ancient culture in Salamis are the tomb of St. Catherine, Costello Castle in Famagusta, Gothic Cathedral of St. Nicholas.

Sea resorts Cyprus are Limassol, Protaras, Lara Beach with a breeding station sea turtles, Latchi, Cape Greko, Polis, numerous beach resort complexes southwest coast. The Troodos mountain range, where it is located summer residence President of Cyprus, provides opportunities for mountain tourism.

Türkiye is a state in southeastern Europe and Western Asia with total area 780.6 thousand sq. km and a population of 80 million people. Capital - Ankara. In the north-west it borders with Bulgaria and Greece, in the north-east - with Georgia and Armenia, in the east - with Iran, in the south - with Iraq and Syria. In the north it is washed by the Black and Marmara seas, in the south - by the Mediterranean Sea, in the west - Aegean Sea. The European part of Turkey (Eastern Thrace, or Rumelia) is a hilly plateau about 1000 m above sea level. Asian part ( Asia Minor, or Anatolia) is limited mountain ranges The Pontic Mountains in the north and the Taurus system in the south, between which are the Anatolian Highlands (average height up to 1000 m), with river valleys and cones extinct volcanoes in the east.

Türkiye attracts recreational tourists: coastal areas(along the Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara, Black Seas) are known for their favorable conditions (warm sea, subtropical climate), which contributed to the emergence of the famous resorts of Antalya, Alanya, Kemer, Belek, Side, Izmir, Marmaris, etc. (Fig. 9.1). Available in inland areas Turkey resorts famous for their mineral springs. For example, the springs near the city of Bursa were used by the Byzantines. Lovers winter holiday attract modern ski resorts Palandoken, Uludag, etc.

But, of course, Türkiye is also famous for its historical and cultural values. Many of them are concentrated on the shore

Conventional signs Excursion centers ^ Ski resorts A Seaside resorts

Borders of tourism

recreational areas

Tourist and recreational

1 Marmara Sea Region
2 Aegean region
3 District Mediterranean Sea
4 Central Anatolia
5 Black Sea region
6 Eastern Anatolia
7 Southeastern Anatolia

Rice. 9.1. Tourist and recreational centers of Turkey

Chapter 9 international tourism in Asia

Bosphorus Strait Istanbul(in the past - the capital of Byzantium, Constantinople, in ancient Russian documents - Constantinople). The transformation of an Orthodox Byzantine city into a Muslim city changed its appearance: Orthodox churches turned into mosques. There are many of them, therefore there are many minarets. The most famous temple is the Hagia Sophia, an outstanding work of Byzantine architecture. There are also museums in Istanbul, including archaeological (with the sarcophagus of Alexander the Great), antiquity, conquerors, Muslim art, etc., the Church of St. Irene, choral monastery church, church Holy Mother of God, mosque - Ahmed ( Blue Mosque), Mikrimachi, Selim the Conqueror, Bayezid, Suleiman, Eyup, underground palaces and reservoirs, the remains of a Byzantine fortress. In the 20th century Istanbul is largely Europeanized.

Other centers of educational tourism in Turkey: capital Ankara(where ancient buildings and the mausoleum of the founder are located modern Turkey Ataturk (Kemal Pasha); the birthplace of Homer, Izmir, which is famous for its antiquities and annual fairs; Bursa, Adana, Erzurum with their ancient monuments and numerous mosques. Aspendos is a city created by colonists after the Trojan War, in which there are many beautiful buildings, including the theater-palace of the architect Zeno (2nd century) and a Roman arched aqueduct; Myra is the ancient capital of Lycia, the “land of bright rays”, famous for its necropolis carved into the rocks, as well as the Church of St. Nicholas, a place of pilgrimage for Christians. There are many in the country nature reserves- Olympos-Beydaglari, Munzur-Vadisi, Koprulu Canyon, etc.

Most of Turkey is plateaus and low mountains, which in the east of the country turn into high mountain areas. There is the Ararat massif, sacred to the Armenians (but located in Turkey after the First World War), where, according to biblical legend, Noah completed his journey, and the large and picturesque Lake Van. So in the east of Turkey there are many elements of natural attractiveness™. However, for now this one is undoubtedly potentially resort area little mastered.

Palestine. This macro-region includes the state of Israel, populated predominantly by Jews (natives and immigrants), and Arab territories, which have been fighting for many decades to create an Arab Palestinian state.

The territory of Palestine has seen many historical events in its lifetime. Suffice it to say that the very first city in the world was discovered in the Jordan Valley - Jericho (“city of dates”), which is seven thousand years old.

Jerusalem, the city of three historical faiths (Jewish, Christian and Muslim) attracts the largest number of tourists. Among the historical and cultural monuments, it is enough to name the Jewish Western Wall, Christian shrines - the Chapel of the Holy Sepulcher, Golgotha, where Christ was crucified, the rock where he prayed (and many more places associated with evangelical subjects). According to Islam, from the rock where Christ prayed, he later ascended to heaven Muslim prophet Muhammad (the Omar Mosque was built here). It is no coincidence that during the division of Palestine after World War II, the UN decided on the special status of Jerusalem, which is historically divided into the Old and New City.

Located south of Jerusalem Bethlehem, over which, according to legend, a star lit up when Jesus Christ was born. A grandiose temple was built here.

Tel Aviv- the capital of Israel (although the country’s leadership considers Jerusalem to be the capital, which is not recognized by most countries in the world) with its Haaretz Museum of Mediterranean Art, art gallery. Among the streets of Tel Aviv there are Korolenko, Zola, etc. streets. It has practically merged with Tel Aviv Jaffa, unlike young Tel Aviv, has several centuries of existence. In this city you can walk along the streets of Pushkin, Pestalozzi, Michelangelo, Gorky, Ozheshko, Dante.

In the city area Haifa And Nathanya on the Mediterranean coast, as well as in the Eilat area in the Arabian Gulf of the Red Sea are seaside resorts. There are also resorts on the coast of the Dead Sea, located below ocean level, the very high salinity of its waters allows swimmers to float freely. An appropriate infrastructure has been created for tourists in Israel.

The Arab countries of Southwest Asia include virtually the entire area, with the exception of Palestine, Israel and the Middle Eastern states. Essentially we are talking about the Middle East or most of Western Asia (from Lebanon in the northwest to Yemen in the southeast). These are all Muslim Arab states.

With the exception of some outlying areas - Mediterranean Lebanon and partly Syria in the northwest and “happy Arabia” (southern part of Yemen) on the edge of the Arabian Peninsula - all countries in the region are arid desert and semi-desert territories. Therefore, civilization developed only where it was possible to create irrigation systems using rivers (as in Mesopotamia) or groundwater - in oases. From the middle of the 20th century. In many countries in the region, oil is extracted, which leads to the formation of oases on an “industrial basis” due to the supply of water from deep horizons or the desalination of sea water. During these processes, modern civilization is formed with all its pros and cons. In particular, the centers of this new civilization attract a large number of “shuttle” tourists from the CIS countries to the countries of the region. In some states of the region, modern seaside resorts are appearing on the shores of the seas. There are also mountain resorts in Lebanese cities. All this serves the development of recreational tourism.

In almost all countries of the macroregion there are many historical and cultural attractions - monuments of distant millennia and centuries. Yes, on the territory Lebanon one of the earliest human settlements is located - Baalbek, where ruins of religious buildings dedicated to Jupiter, statues, sculptures of Venus, Bacchus, rows of columns and sculptures, and stairs are preserved. One of the ancient settlements in Lebanon is the city of Saida. The capital of the country itself - Beirut - along with the ancient quarters, is also distinguished by completely modern buildings, corresponding to the role of Beirut as a center of finance and culture.

IN Syria The ancient cities of Palmyra and Aleppo with their monuments of Hellenistic art are of great interest to tourists. The capital of the country, Damascus, attracts with objects of Muslim culture, including one of the most famous shrines of Islam - the Umayyad Mosque.

Muslim architecture is typical for most areas of the capital Iraq- Baghdad. The Nazimiya Mosque, or Golden Mosque, is very famous, decorated with four minarets with gilded domes (which is rare in this kind of structure). The city has many modern buildings and monuments, stylized in the spirit of Muslim traditions. To the side of the capital, located on the banks of the Tigris River, are the ruins of ancient cities, including Babylon. In Iraq (in the north and northeast of the country) there are also summer high mountain resorts. Despite the undoubted tourist attractiveness of Lebanon, Syria and Iraq, the flow of tourists to these countries is limited due to political instability.

Others are much less interesting for educational tourism Arab countries of the Middle East: Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain. In these countries, whose economies are based on oil production (Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates), modern cities attract attention.

Saudi Arabia occupies a special place among the countries of the Middle East. It is on its territory that the main places of pilgrimage for Muslims are located - holy cities Mecca (with the black Kaaba stone) and Medina, cities associated with the activities of the Prophet Muhammad and the birth of Islam. Hundreds of thousands, and in some years millions of Muslims from all over the world come here as pilgrims. The pilgrimage (Hajj) brings huge income to the country, and pilgrims “incorporate” themselves into eternal life in paradise. The city of Jeddah is located on the country's Red Sea coast, through which thousands of pilgrims travel. There are also several historical monuments here, among which, according to legend, is the grave of the first woman, Eve.

Saudi Arabia covers an area of 1.6 - 2.4 million square meters. km (according to various sources). The country's population is over 18 million people, the capital Riyadh.

United Arab Emirates (UAE)- a country with an area of 83.6 thousand square meters. km and a population of more than 2 million people is bright sun 360 days a year and a warm, clear sea, desert landscapes with oases and areas of red sand, wadis (dried river mouths) and dunes, the peaks of the Al Hajars massif, numerous key lakes of volcanic origin and a color palette of stones.

The coral reefs of Kor Fakan are famous for their flora and fauna underwater world, and the coast of the Persian Gulf is famous for its golden sands and exceptional water clarity. Hotels on the seashore offer tourists swimming pools and comfortable hotel beaches, equipped with everything necessary.

The capital of the UAE is Abu Dhabi. In the city of Dubai - ancient Arab buildings of the Bastakiya district, Dubai historical Museum(Al Fahidi Fort), Jumeirah Mosque, Sheikh Said Palace, historical village museum, Dubai Zoo - the best in the Middle East, Wonderland - one of the largest water parks in Asia. Once a year, Dubai hosts the world's largest shopping festival, attracting more than 2 million visitors. Dubai's Arabian Tower Hotel (Burj Al Arab) is the tallest hotel in the world (height 321 m). Hatta - mountain resort territorially belonging to the emirate Dubai, is located in the center of the Khajar mountain range and represents beautiful place, surrounded by palm trees, clear lakes and small farms.

In the city of Ajman there is a museum, which is located in a fort built in the late 18th century until the late 1970s. which was the residence of the emir. Its exhibition includes a collection of archaeological finds, ancient manuscripts, weapons, reconstructed traditional Arab rooms and a market.

Emirate Ras Al Khaimah represented by ancient cities (Yulfar - a thriving pearl trading center in the past, Digdaga - the largest old city of Ras al-Khaimah), Hatt hot springs, the emirate museum (a huge military fort) with traditional household items, jewelry, archaeological finds, the oldest of which dates back to the 1st millennium BC.

In the emirate Umm al-Quwain(“source of strength”) are located: Falaj Al Muala - a huge date garden surrounded by high dunes; water park "Dreamland" with an artificial volcano 18 m high with imitation fire, lighting effects, numerous water attractions; The city of Fujairah, with its sandy beaches and mountainous headlands, is one of the best places for scuba diving.

Mereja, which is the “museum treasure of the UAE”, is the oldest district of the emirate Sharjah, where the following are located: one of the largest mosques in the Middle East, the King Faisal Mosque, which can accommodate up to 3,000 worshipers; numerous museums and exhibitions, beaches of the Khalid Lagoon. New but already popular entertainment in the UAE is sand skiing and car rallying in the desert.

The countries of the Middle East are Iran and Afghanistan.

Iran- a country of diverse nature and ancient history. Nature lovers will encounter seas and rivers, plains (low-lying and elevated) and high Elbrus mountains with main peak Damavand (in the north of the country), various forests, dry steppes, semi-deserts and deserts, healing mineral springs And healing mud. There are many monuments of Muslim culture (civil and religious buildings) in Iran - in the capital Tehran, the cities of Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad, Qazvin, etc. Currently, due to the difficult international situation of Iran (largely due to its isolation), the flow of tourists into the country very limited.

Afghanistan - multinational Mountain country, where hostilities have been going on for many years. Therefore, and also because of the very low level development of tourism infrastructure, the harsh but impressive nature of Afghanistan, and its historical and cultural sites located in the capital Kabul, the cities of Herat, Kandahar, etc. remain unclaimed. One of the most famous tourism sites in all of Asia - Biamine - is also practically inaccessible. In this depression, located in the central part of the country at an altitude of more than 2 thousand meters, there are rocks dug by hundreds of caves, and in the rocks are two 50-meter high Buddha statues carved. The Shahar-i-Gulgula fortress is located on the hill. Opportunities are not in demand winter resort Jalalabad, hunting and observing local ritual holidays.

Asia is the largest part of the world. Countries in this region include: United Arab Emirates, Türkiye, Russian Federation, India, China, Indonesia, Cyprus, Maldives, Mongolia, Japan, etc.

Asia attracts a large number of tourists due to the following factors: - a huge, extremely capacious territory for receiving tourists (the largest part of the world); - washing the coast by three oceans and 10 of their seas and bays; - the location of this part of the world in all climatic zones, significant diversity and richness of natural landscapes; - the presence of a huge number of historical and cultural monuments and attractions; - the location of the world's most important shrines and centers of pilgrimage in Asia; - the ethnic diversity of the continent; - the presence in Asia of states with the highest population density: India, China. - rapid pace of economic development in a number of countries: Japan, South Korea, China. However, there are a number of negative factors hindering the development of tourism in Asia:

Unfavorable natural conditions for the development of tourism in vast territories of a number of countries (deserts, highlands); - poor development of transport infrastructure in a number of countries;

The dominance of ideological interests over economic ones in a number of countries, as a consequence - the economic backwardness of these countries, their unpreparedness to receive tourists, lack of service (Vietnam, Iraq, Cambodia); - lack of internal political and economic stability in a number of countries (Iraq, etc.), and as a result, an unfavorable image of these countries in the eyes of tourists.

The main purpose of tourists visiting these countries is to get acquainted with cultural, historical and natural attractions. Business trips are typical for Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. For the purpose of treatment and pilgrimage - Israel.

External tourist connections are carried out mainly by air transport. Most flights operate international airlines, a smaller part - by airlines, belonging to countries Asia.

Southwest Asia. This region covers a vast and diverse territory. This includes 16 states: Bahrain, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Qatar, Cyprus, Kuwait, Lebanon, South Africa, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, etc. - the advantageous geographical position of some states is combined with the remoteness of others;- favorable climatic conditions for the development of tourism and resort business - with desert and arid areas;

IN generally south-west Asia can be considered one of the most promising regions in the development of tourism and hospitality. Wide access to many seas and bays of the Atlantic and Indian oceans, the Caspian Sea, geographical location at the junction of three parts of the world, a large number of sunny days, numerous cultural and religious monuments, the presence of a well-developed tourist infrastructure (Turkey, Cyprus, Israeli infrastructure () number of sunny days, numerous cultural and religious monuments, the presence of a well-developed tourist industry) - all these and other factors help attract guests from other countries.

South Asia. These include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, etc. The development of tourism here is facilitated by: - relatively favorable geographical location;

Variety of recreational resources; - large number unique monuments history, culture and religion; - exoticism of states. Negative factors for the development of tourism: - mountainous land borders that isolate this region; - states, due to low socio-economic development, are not suppliers of tourists.

Southeast Asia. Includes Brunei, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines. In general, tourism in the region is developing at a fairly rapid pace. This is facilitated by: - favorable geographical location on the routes from the Pacific to Indian Oceans, from Eurasia to Australia; - majority major cities located on the coast (for chicken tourism);

Favorable climate; diversity of ethnic composition of the population, etc.

Central and East Asia. Includes Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Mongolia, etc. The most developed countries are Japan, South Korea, China. Favorable factors for the development of tourism: - variety of recreational resources; - large areas of the territory are washed by seas and oceans; - attention from the state to the development of tourism in these countries; - rapid rates of economic growth and increased business tourism; - a unique combination of exoticism and modern technical achievements as the basis for the development of tourism infrastructure.

The predominance of domestic tourism. Most popular view holidays are traveling in a car with a trailer, allowing you to visit the most remote places, swimming, picnics, fishing, canoeing, caving and other types of active tourism.

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