Tierra del Fuego is the mysterious Land of the World. Climate Tierra del Fuego What is the average annual temperature in Tierra del Fuego islands

Great navigator Ferdinand Magellan during his first trip around the world in 1520, he not only discovered the strait later named in his honor, connecting the Atlantic with, but also gave the name to the archipelago located south of the South American mainland. He mistook the Indian fires that constantly burned on the islands for volcanic vents and named the archipelago Tierra del Fuego. At the end of the 16th century, Sir Francis Drake, by order of the English crown, went to Tierra del Fuego and discovered that the island was not, as was commonly believed, one with the Southern mainland. Since then, on all maps of the world, Tierra del Fuego began to be designated as an island. Following the British, the Spaniards settled here and built the first settlement in the Strait of Magellan - the city of Ushuaia. Its name in the Indian language means “city in the depths of the bay.” Modern Ushuaia is still one of the few large settlements on the archipelago. In the late 70s of the 20th century, a conflict arose between Chile and Argentina over territorial claims to the Beagle Strait, which separates main island archipelago from southern islands s and serves as the border between states. However, thanks to the mediation of the Vatican, war was avoided.

Despite the fact that over the past 25 years the population of the archipelago has grown several times, only 3.4 people per km 2 live on this southern tip of the American continent.

Archipelago Tierra del Fuego

Tierra del Fuego- this is not only the name of the island. This is the name of the entire archipelago, which, in addition to the main island, includes great amount small islands located off the coast of Patagonia on the southern edge of America. Tierra del Fuego is separated from the mainland by the Strait of Magellan - one of the most important, but at the same time the most dangerous sea routes in the world. It connects with the Quiet, allowing sailors to avoid the extremely dangerous voyage around Cape Horn. The territory of Tierra del Fuego is divided between two states. belongs to Argentina South part main island on which it is located national park Tierra del Fuego, everything else belongs to the possessions of Chile. In the north of Tierra del Fuego vegetable world not unlike the vegetation of Patagonia, further south the landscape becomes increasingly sparse. Mountain peaks Cordillera systems (some of them reach an altitude of 2500 m) are covered with glaciers. Because of cool climate and heavy rainfall, Tierra del Fuego can hardly be called a resort area, but, despite the not very favorable weather conditions, more and more people come to these calm islands, dreaming of escaping from the bustle of civilization.

general information

It is part of two states - Argentina and Chile.
Languages: Spanish, Indian dialects.

Currency: Argentine and Chilean pesos.

Religion: Catholicism.

Largest cities: Porvenir (territory of Chile, 5,600 inhabitants), Ushuaia (11,000 inhabitants) and Rio Grande (35,000 inhabitants) are located in Argentina.

Largest islands: Tierra del Fuego, Oste, Santa Ines, Navarino.

Numbers

Area: 73,753 km 2 (area of the large island- 47,000 km 2).

Population: 251,000 people.
Population density: 3.4 people per km 2.

Highest point: Mount Yogan (2469 m).

Length of the Strait of Magellan: 580 km.

Climate and weather

Oceanic, cool.

Strong winds.

Attractions

■ The cities of Porvenir, Ushuaia and Puerto Williams.
■ Tierra del Fuego and Alberto de Agostini national parks.
■ Migratory birds in San Sebastian Bay.

Curious facts

■ The Beagle Channel was named after the ship on which Charles Darwin sailed. In 1830, the famous Englishman conducted important research in Tierra del Fuego, which formed the basis of evolutionary theory.
■ Travelers whose journey along the Trans-American Highway ends in Tierra del Fuego can have their names immortalized on a special plaque at the southernmost site in the world.
■ Ushuaia, one of the few large settlements in Tierra del Fuego, is the southernmost city in the world. For six months in the south of Tierra del Fuego, day reigns: it is dark here only five hours a day.

Those who want to go even to the ends of the world are unlikely to realize that they mean Tierra del Fuego. The archipelago is located in the very south of South America and has about 40 thousand islands of different sizes and shapes. The navigator gave such a strange name to the territory. When in 1520 he sailed to the islands, he saw numerous Indian fires, which he mistook for volcanic vents.

Today, Tierra del Fuego is divided between two countries: Argentina and Chile. The first got the southern part, and the second the rest of the territory. The northern part of the archipelago is in many ways similar to Patagonia, and further south the nature becomes poorer, mountain landscapes covered with glaciers appear. The climate here is quite cool throughout the year, so it is very difficult to call this archipelago a resort. Tierra del Fuego, despite this, every year attracts more and more people who want to be alone with nature, away from civilization.

No one will be bored here, because you can go fishing, go for a walk or go on a cruise. The guides have developed numerous routes along which you can go to the mountains to admire the surrounding landscapes. It is suggested to walk or ride horses or motorcycles. There are also ski slopes, so fans of this sport will certainly enjoy Tierra del Fuego.

You can get acquainted with local architecture, historical and cultural monuments, admire the flora and fauna of these places. When planning to go on vacation, many tourists confuse the Earth’s belt of fire with the southernmost archipelago due to similar names. The edge of the world differs in many ways from other places on the planet, so it’s really worth visiting here at least once.

You should definitely visit the regional museum Fin del Mundo and the museum located in the city prison, both are located in the southernmost city on the planet - Ushuaia. It is also recommended to take a boat trip along the Beagle Channel, named after Charles Darwin's ship. Tierra del Fuego gave the scientist the opportunity to conduct important research that became the basis of evolutionary theory. You should definitely go on a cruise to the islands inhabited by Arctic birds, Magellanic penguins. You can get a lot of impressions from walking around National Park, which has no analogues in the whole world.

Having visited the archipelago, it is worth going around Cape Horn, in the coastal waters of which the whole rests. This should be done from November to March, then the weather is not too stormy. It will be interesting to repeat the route of Charles Darwin; for this you need to hire a guide with a boat, having previously insured them and yourself at the same time. In restaurants you need to try the centolya dish, you won’t find anything like it anywhere else.

To confidently tell everyone that you have been to the very edge of the world, you need to go to Puerto Toro, a fishing village where about 50 old-timers live. Tierra del Fuego hides a lot of interesting things. To lift the veil of secrets, you just need to come here and get to know the local

meteoblue weather charts are based on 30 years of weather models available for every point on Earth. They provide useful indicators of typical climatic features and expected weather conditions(temperature, precipitation, sunny weather or wind). Weather data models have a spatial resolution of about 30 km in diameter and may not reproduce all local weather events such as thunderstorms, local winds or tornadoes.

You can study the climate of any location, such as the Amazon rainforest, West African savannas, Sahara Desert, Siberian tundra or Himalayas.

30 years of hourly historical data for Tierra del Fuego can be purchased with history+. You will be able to download CSV files for weather parameters such as temperature, wind, cloudiness and precipitation relative to any location globe. Data from the last 2 weeks for the city of Tierra del Fuego are available for free evaluation of the package.

Average temperature and precipitation

The "mean daily maximum" (solid red line) shows the maximum average temperature for every month for Tierra del Fuego. Likewise, the "Minimum Average Daily Temperature" (solid blue line) indicates the minimum average temperature. Hot days and cold nights (the dotted red and blue lines indicate the average temperature on the hottest day and coldest night of each month for 30 years. When planning your holiday, you'll be in the know average temperature and are ready for both the hottest and coldest days. The default settings do not include wind speed indicators, but you can enable this option using the button on the graph.

The rainfall schedule is useful for seasonal variations, such as the monsoon climate in India or the humid season in Africa.

Cloudy, sunny and precipitation days

The graph indicates the number of sunny, partly cloudy, foggy, and precipitation days. Days when the cloud layer does not exceed 20% are considered sunny; 20-80% cover is considered partly cloudy, and more than 80% is considered completely cloudy. While the weather is mostly cloudy in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, Sossusvlei in the Namib Desert is one of the sunniest places on earth.

Attention: In countries with a tropical climate, such as Malaysia or Indonesia, the forecast for the number of days of precipitation may be overestimated by a factor of two.

Maximum temperatures

The maximum temperature diagram for Tierra del Fuego displays how many days per month reach certain temperatures. In Dubai, one of the hottest cities on earth, temperatures almost never fall below 40°C in July. You can also see a chart of cold winters in Moscow, which shows that only a few days a month the maximum temperature barely reaches -10°C.

Precipitation

The precipitation diagram for Tierra del Fuego shows how many days per month, certain precipitation amounts are reached. In areas with tropical or monsoon climates, rainfall forecasts may be underestimated.

Wind speed

The diagram Tierra del Fuego shows the days per month during which the wind reaches a certain speed. An interesting example is the Tibetan Plateau, where the monsoons produce prolonged strong winds from December to April and calm air flows from June to October.

Wind speed units can be changed in the preferences section (top right corner).

Wind speed rose

The Tierra del Fuego wind speed rose shows how many hours per year the wind blows from a certain direction. Example - southwest wind: The wind blows from southwest (SW) to northeast (NE). Cape Horn, the most southern point V South America, is characterized by a characteristic powerful westerly wind, which significantly impedes passage from east to west, especially for sailing ships.

general information

Since 2007, meteoblue has been collecting model meteorological data in its archive. In 2014, we began comparing weather models with historical data going back to 1985, creating a global archive of 30 years of hourly weather data. Weather charts are the first simulated weather data sets available on the Internet. Our weather data history includes data from all parts of the world covering any time period, regardless of the availability of weather stations.

The data is obtained from our global weather model NEMS over a diameter of approximately 30 km. Consequently, they cannot reproduce minor local weather events such as heat domes, cold blasts, thunderstorms and tornadoes. For areas and applications that require a high level of precision (such as energy release, insurance, etc.) we offer models with high resolution with hourly weather data.

License

This data may be used under the Creative Community "Attribution + Non-commercial (BY-NC)" license. Any form is illegal.

The sun's rays, passing through transparent bodies, heat them very weakly. For this reason, direct sunlight almost does not heat the air of the atmosphere, but heats the surface of the Earth, from which heat is transferred to the adjacent layers of air. As the air heats up, it becomes lighter and rises, where it mixes with colder air, in turn heating it.

As the air rises, it cools. At an altitude of 10 km, the temperature constantly remains at around 40-45 °C.

A decrease in air temperature with height is a general pattern. However, an increase in temperature is often observed as one rises upward. This phenomenon is called temperature inversion, i.e. by rearranging temperatures.

Inversions occur either when the earth's surface and surrounding air rapidly cool, or, conversely, when heavy cold air flows down mountain slopes into valleys. There this air stagnates and displaces warmer air up the slopes.

During the day, the air temperature does not remain constant, but continuously changes. During the day, the Earth's surface heats up and heats the adjacent layer of air. At night, the Earth radiates heat, cools, and the air cools. The lowest temperatures are observed not at night, but before sunrise, when the earth's surface has already given up all the heat. Similarly, the highest air temperatures are not established at noon, but around 3 p.m.

At the equator daily temperature variation monotonous, day and night they are almost the same. The diurnal amplitudes are very small in the seas and near sea coasts. But in deserts during the day the surface of the earth often heats up to 50-60 °C, and at night it often cools down to 0 °C. Thus, daily amplitudes here exceed 50-60 °C.

In temperate latitudes, the greatest amount of solar radiation reaches the Earth on the days of the summer solstices, i.e. June 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and December 21 in the Southern. However, the hottest month is not June (December), but July (January), since on the day of the solstice a huge amount of radiation is spent on heating the earth's surface. In July (January) radiation decreases, but this decrease is compensated by the strongly heated earth's surface.

Likewise, the coldest month is not June (December), but July (January).

At sea, due to the fact that the water cools and warms up more slowly, the temperature shift is even greater. Here, the hottest month is August, and the coldest month is February in the Northern Hemisphere and, accordingly, the hottest month is February and the coldest month is August in the Southern Hemisphere.

Annual amplitude temperatures largely depend on the latitude of the place. Thus, at the equator the amplitude remains almost constant throughout the year and amounts to 22-23 °C. The highest annual amplitudes are characteristic of territories located in mid-latitudes in the interior of continents.

Any area is also characterized by absolute and average temperatures. Absolute temperatures established through long-term observations at weather stations. Thus, the hottest (+58 °C) place on Earth is in the Libyan Desert; the coldest (-89.2 °C) is in Antarctica at the Vostok station. In the Northern Hemisphere, the lowest temperature (-70.2 °C) was recorded in the village of Oymyakon in Eastern Siberia.

Average temperatures determined as the arithmetic mean of several thermometer indicators. So, to determine the average daily temperature, measurements are made at 1; 7; 13 and 19 hours, i.e. 4 times a day. From the obtained figures, the arithmetic mean is found, which will be the average daily temperature of the given area. Then the average monthly and average annual temperatures are found as the arithmetic mean of the daily and monthly averages.

On the map you can mark points with the same temperature values and draw lines connecting them. These lines are called isotherms. The most indicative isotherms are January and July, i.e. the coldest and warmest months of the year. Isotherms can be used to determine how heat is distributed on Earth. In this case, clearly expressed patterns can be traced.

1. The highest temperatures are not observed at the equator, but in tropical and subtropical deserts, where direct radiation predominates.

2. In both hemispheres, temperatures decrease from tropical latitudes to the poles.

3. Due to the predominance of the sea over land, the course of isotherms in the Southern Hemisphere is smoother, and the temperature amplitudes between the hottest and coldest months are smaller than in the Northern Hemisphere.

The southernmost Argentine province, located on the island of Tierra del Fuego, has virtually no land borders with other provinces of Argentina. The closest province to it is Santa Cruz, occupying northern part The islands are separated from it by the Strait of Magellan. In the west, Tierra del Fuego borders on Chile, in the east it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south of it is Antarctica.

The territories of the province of Tierra del Fuego are quite controversial and conflict-ridden. According to official data from Argentina, this province consists of three parts - the eastern part of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, the Antarctic sector and several archipelagos in the southern part Atlantic Ocean(Malvinas or Falkland Islands, South Sandwich Islands and South Georgia). This is the official name of the province: “Terra del Fuego, Antarctica and the South Atlantic Islands.” But in fact, only Tierra del Fuego belongs to Argentina. Antarctica, according to the 1961 Antarctic Convention, is neutral territory, A Malvinas Islands, the subject of a long-running dispute between Argentina and Britain, are controlled by the European country.

Accordingly, such indicators as territory area and population also have a double meaning. Thus, the area of the province on the Tierra del Fuego archipelago is 21,263 km. sq., and including Antarctica and islands - 1,002,445 km. sq. The population here is very small and amounts to only 164,944 people.

The province owes its name to the discoverer of these lands, Magellan. Seeing how the natives were burning fires, he called this land of fire. With his light hand, this name was assigned to the archipelago.

The weather conditions here are extremely harsh. The weather is usually cold, damp, and strong winds blow constantly. The average annual temperature is only +5.3 °C. The climate is suitable for comfortable tourism only three months a year - from December to February, when the weather begins here. high season.

The topography of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago consists of low mountains and flat steppes, in places covered with low-growing Magellanic forests. On the coast there is sandy beaches, and in the very center of the island there is the Andean mountain system. Numerous small glaciers characteristic of this zone are gradually melting and sliding into the ocean. Local pastures are ideal for grazing sheep, which at one time gave impetus to the development of sheep farming. And today it is the leading sector of the region’s economy. Fisheries, forestry, wool production, and oil and gas production also play an important role in the province's economy.

The provincial capital, important port and main tourist center is the city of Ushuaia. Most Southern City The land stands on the banks of the famous Beagle Canal and offers tourists a huge choice of activities in contact with virgin nature Patagonia. The picturesque town, surrounded by a ridge of snow-capped mountains, is quite small, but nevertheless has everything you need tourism infrastructure- elegant commercial centers, comfortable hotels, quality restaurants, museums and travel agencies offering a wide range of excursions in the surrounding area. During the high season there are often stops at the port cruise ships, filling the city with motley crowds of tourists.

Sights of Ushuaia:

Tierra del Fuego National Park
Beagle Channel Boat Tour

200 km. north of Ushuaia on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean there is a second tourist centre Tierra del Fuego is a Rio Grande city that is gaining momentum in last years attracting many tourists. Here you will find completely different landscapes of the coastal part of Patagonia, as well as historical and cultural routes, during which you will get acquainted with dramatic story this harsh region. Sport fishing and agritourism are very popular in the Rio Grande.

Argentine Antarctica

Currently, the Antarctic territory is divided between 7 countries: Great Britain, France, Norway, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina and Chile, but does not belong to any state. Only scientific activities are permitted on its territory. Geographically, Argentine Antarctica includes the Antarctic Peninsula with the South Oakney and South Shetland Islands and a triangular sector stretching from the waters of the Atlantic Ocean to the South Pole, which is located within 25° west. Longitude - 74°W d.

The ideal time to travel to Antarctica is December-January, when there are the most clear days. Most cruises to Antarctica depart from the port of Ushuaia. On the Ushuaia waterfront, several travel agencies offer cruises and tours to Antarctica. The most adequate price-quality ratio company organizing such trips is Antartica turismo Ushuaia, whose office you will also find on the city embankment. However, it should be understood that the cost of a cruise ticket in any case will not be less than $3,000.

Current time in Ushuaia:
(UTC -3)

Antarctica has a huge field of activity for the curious and active travelers! Here you can take a tour of the Antarctic ice fields, fly by helicopter over glaciers, cruise along the coast between giant icebergs and enjoy the marine fauna of the generous Antarctic waters, which provide shelter to populations of blue whales, elephant seals, seals, fur seals and emperor penguins. The pristine beauty of this region can amaze even experienced travelers!

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