The internal structure of the aircraft 2. The safest aircraft and places in the event of a crash. Seat position in a row: pros and cons

They can be completely confident in their safety. Every detail, every system - everything is checked and tested several times. Spare parts for them are produced in different countries, and then assembled at one factory.

Device passenger plane is a glider. It consists of a fuselage, wing empennage. The latter is equipped with engines and a chassis. All modern airliners are additionally equipped with avionics. This is what they call a collection electronic systems who control the operation of the aircraft.

Any aircraft(helicopter, passenger airliner) by its design is a glider that consists of several parts.

Here's what the parts of the plane are called:

fuselage;
wings;
tail unit;
chassis;
engines;
avionics.

Airplane structure.

This is the load-bearing part of the aircraft. Its main purpose is the formation of aerodynamic forces, and its secondary purpose is installation. It serves as the base on which all other parts are installed.

Fuselage

If we talk about the parts of the aircraft and their names, then the fuselage is one of its most important components. The name itself comes from the French word “fuseau”, which translates as “spindle”.

The airframe can be called the “skeleton” of the aircraft, and the fuselage is its “body”. It is what connects the wings, tail and chassis. The ship's crew and all equipment are located here.

It consists from longitudinal and transverse elements and cladding.

Wings

How does an airplane wing work? It is assembled from several parts: left or right half-plane (console) and center section. Consoles include overflow wing and tip. The latter may be different individual species passenger liners. Eat winglets and sharklets.

Airplane wing.

The principle of its operation is very simple - the console separates the two air flows. Above is the area of low pressure, and below is the area of high pressure. Due to this difference, the wing allows you to fly.

Smaller consoles are installed on the wing to improve their performance. These are ailerons, flaps, slats, etc.. Inside the wings are located fuel tanks.

The performance of the wing is affected its geometric design - area, span, angle, sweep direction.

Tail

It is located in the rear or forward part of the fuselage. This is the name given to a whole set of aerodynamic surfaces that help a passenger airliner stay reliably in the air. They are separated into horizontal and vertical.

Vertical include keel or two keels. It provides directional stability of the aircraft along the axis of movement. To horizontal - stabilizer. It is responsible for the longitudinal stability of the aircraft.

Chassis

These are the same devices that help the plane taxi along the runway. These are several racks that are equipped with wheels.

The weight of a passenger airliner directly affects on the chassis configuration. The most commonly used is the following: one front post and two main ones. This is exactly how the landing gear is located. U aircraft Boeing 747 family - two more racks.

Wheeled carts include a different number of pairs of wheels. So the Airbus A320 has one pair, and the An-225 has seven.

During flight, the landing gear is retracted into the compartment. When the plane takes off or lands. They turn due to drive to the front landing gear or differential operation of the engines.

Engines

When talking about how an airplane works and how it flies, we must not forget about such an important part of the airplane as the engines. They work based on the principle of jet propulsion. They can be turbojet or turboprop.

They are attached to the wing of the aircraft or its fuselage. In the latter case, it is placed in a special gondola and used to attach the pylon. Through it, the fuel pipe and drives are connected to the engines.

The plane usually has two engines.

The number of engines varies depending on the aircraft model. More details have been written about engines.

Avionics

These are all the systems that ensure the smooth operation of the aircraft. in any weather conditions and for most technical faults.

This includes the autopilot, anti-icing system, on-board power supply system, etc.

Classification by design characteristics

Depending on the number of wings, they are distinguished monoplane (one wing), biplane (two wings) and sesquiplane (one wing shorter than the other).

In turn, monoplanes divide for low-wing, mid-wing and high-wing. This classification is based on the location of the wings near the fuselage.

If we talk about plumage, we can distinguish the classic scheme (the plumage is behind the wings), the “duck” type (the plumage is in front of the wing) and the “tailless” type (the plumage is on the wing).

According to the type of landing gear, aircraft are divided into land, seaplanes and amphibians (those seaplanes on which wheeled landing gear was installed).

Eat different types aircraft and by fuselage type. Distinguish narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. The latter are mainly double-decker passenger liners. There are passenger seats at the top, and luggage compartments at the bottom.

This is what the classification of aircraft by design features is like.

When traveling by plane, each of us usually has our own idea of where it is more convenient for us to sit. Some people always want to choose a seat by the window; some passengers, on the contrary, prefer the outermost row so that they can stretch their legs into the aisle between the rows. However, most people do not like to sit in the back of the plane. As it turned out, even these not the most convenient places have their advantages.

To begin with, we note that the overwhelming number of leading airlines fly two types of aircraft: the Airbus family of airliners and the popular Boeing 777.

In Airbus, the most comfortable seat is 1A. Here, a number of pleasant advantages await the passenger: additional legroom, a good “view” from the window. The only negative is that it is one of the coldest places on board.

Many passengers try to choose seats at the front of the cabin, right after business class. The reasons are different - drinks and food are offered first. And they can also be the first to leave the plane after landing.

True, the first rows also have their drawbacks. Typically, mounts for strollers or bassinets are installed in this part of the aircraft, and passengers with small children are also seated here. Therefore, in an unsuccessful situation, such a neighborhood cannot be called calm.

In the tail

Did you know that the seats at the back of any plane are the safest?! According to statistics, almost 70% of passengers who survived plane crashes were sitting in the rear of the plane.

Despite this, few passengers choose this part of the cabin. The proximity to the toilet or kitchen and the corresponding smells are not very comfortable for travelers.

And on the Boeing 777, perhaps the most uncomfortable places on the last two rows - 44th and 45th. This is the complete “antipode” of the first row described above. Here, in addition to the forced proximity to the toilet and kitchen, there is also limited legroom, and, alas, the inability to recline the back of the chair in the last row: in some cases it can simply be rigidly fixed.

But if the board flies incomplete, then the last rows most often remain free. So, passengers who have seats in the last part of the cabin have the opportunity to take a whole row of seats on one side - to sleep or simply sit in greater comfort.

At the wings

As for the seats in the middle of the cabin, they are considered neutral: when the cabin is fully loaded, passengers can sit on both sides of you, and their build can be quite impressive. So it remains to be seen what could be worse: sitting in the “tail” or in the middle, sandwiched between two fat men and resting your knees on the back of the chair reclined in front.

Advice: look at the layout of the plane in advance, if, of course, you know which one you will fly on - Boeing or Airbus. This information can be found on the airline's official website.

Comfortable seats on an airplane are usually considered to be window seats. Firstly, you can simply look out the window of the plane, secondly, it is more comfortable to sleep in such a place, and in general there is minimal contact with other surrounding passengers. But if you plan to actively move around the cabin during the flight - this also happens - then a window seat may create inconvenience for you and your row neighbors.

A certain category of passengers definitely needs to stretch their legs. We advise such people to choose seats in the aisle or at the exits - emergency or regular, because there are no seats in front, which means the distance allows them to stretch their legs. But in these places you can’t keep anything to yourself hand luggage, not even ladies bags on your knees - the approach to the emergency exit hatches should be as free as possible.

Have time to choose your seat

Choosing the right seats on a plane is no longer a problem: almost all leading airlines have open online registration for a flight - usually 24-30 hours before departure. There is another “old-fashioned” way - to arrive early when registration opens. Typically, such disciplined passengers get seats in the first third of the cabin, because tickets are distributed starting from the front of the plane. Well, those who are still late will have to be content with seats in the very “tail”.

There is another way to get around your “competitors” on the flight. Register at the self-check-in kiosk while already at the airport. And then with boarding pass on hands .

Optional trifles

Depending on the direction of flight, the day of the week and time of departure become important. Morning and evening flights are usually the busiest. According to statistics, the chance of getting on an unbooked flight is much higher if you fly from Monday to Thursday, and even in the middle of the day.

The designation of seats in the rows of the cabin can be in Russian or English. For example: Russian - 1A, 1B, 1B, 1G, 1D, 1E, English - 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F. And in this case, place 1B (English “B”) is not at all the same as place 1B (Russian “B”). After all, these places are different: the first is near the aisle, the second is in the middle.

So it's easier to remember this way. For any cabin layout: seat 1A will always be by the window, and seat 1C by the aisle.

It matters which way you fly. After all, if the sun shines directly into your eyes, you will have to hide behind the porthole curtains. If this is important to you and you are well versed in the cardinal directions, then determine in which direction you are flying. If from east to west, then the sun will shine from the left. If from west to east, then on the right. When flying from north to south, the sun will be on the left in the morning, but in the evening it will be on the right. If from south to north, then vice versa.

Well, if the “stars” did not align for you, and you got the wrong seat, then you can always change it - if the salon is not full. To do this, you need to contact the flight attendants within 5 minutes after boarding the plane is completed and the flight attendant announces “Boarding is over”. If you do not have time to do this, you will have to wait until the plane reaches the required altitude and passengers are not allowed to leave their seats.

Have a good flight!

When buying airline tickets, passengers try to choose comfortable seats; rarely does anyone think about safety. But not all places are equal at the time of an emergency. In this article we will show you which are the safest seats on an airplane and examine the topic in detail.

The front seats are usually considered very comfortable, they even have VIP areas, but this does not mean their safety, because in the event of a crash the plane takes the main impact on the nose.

Middle seats in the cabin

These places in the cabin of the car are also considered dangerous because they are located above the wing of the airliner, where the fuel is located. In the event of an accident, there is a high probability of it catching fire. However, statistics show that the number of survivors of plane crashes is approximately the same among those who sat in the front and in the middle of the cabin.

Seats in the “tail” of the cabin

Where it is safer on an airplane is at the end of the cabin. Accidents usually occur on runway when the plane takes off or during landing. The front part of the airliner bears the brunt of the impact, while tail section suffers less, which gives the passengers of this compartment a chance to survive. These seats on the plane can be considered the safest on the plane, although in the event of serious disasters, for example, when a car falls from a height of 10 km, they will not save you.

A good chance of rescue, especially during emergency evacuation of passengers, allows you to have seats at the emergency exit. Passengers occupying them will be the first to leave the aircraft.

Popular Mechanics magazine research

A popular science magazine conducted a study on which seats on an airplane are the safest. Having analyzed statistics for 30 years of the American National Safety Council and compared the number of victims of airplane accidents depending on their location in the cabin, the publication provides the following figures:

In the “tail” of the cabin there were most people who survived plane crashes - 69%;
In the middle part (above and in front of the wing) - 56%;
In the forward part of the liner, the survival rate was 49%.

Research from Popular Mechanics magazine: where is it safer on an airplane?

If we consider the issue of greater safety for passengers on the left or right side of the plane, then statistics indicate that their chances are equal.

American Studies

The Americans spent one and a half million dollars on this research and crashed the old airplane. The pilot first controlled the Boeing, then parachuted, and the car was then controlled remotely. In the Sonoran Desert, the plane crashed and crashed into the surface of the earth at a speed of 225 km/h.

If you like to travel a lot and often, then you probably spend a lot of time on the road, namely on board an airplane. If the flight does not last long, then you do not pay attention to minor inconveniences, but if you need to fly for 8-10 hours, then comfort is of great importance, and all other things being equal, I will always choose more convenient flight conditions.

The comfort of your flight depends on many factors - on-board entertainment, but most importantly - on the convenience of the place where you will spend almost the entire trip. Today I want to talk about the differences between different seats on board an airplane, how to find out in advance which cabin your flight will have, and how to choose the seat you like.

To choose the best seat on board an airplane, you first need to know which plane you will be flying on. Moreover, even the same planes different airlines may have different seat configurations, so it is important to find out not just the type of aircraft, but the specific aircraft.

You can do this even before purchasing a ticket on the airline’s website (in the flight schedule) or in the ticket search engine.

For example, when searching for a ticket to, you can immediately see the name of the airline and flight number in the route description. Let's look at the example of a London-New York flight:

The first segment of the flight will be carried out by Norwegian Air, flight number DY-2802. Using this information, you can learn more about a specific aircraft at www.seatguru.com and www.seatexpert.com.

2. Where to find the interior diagram

You can also view the interior diagram on specialized websites.

Let's try to find a diagram of the aircraft cabin for the same flight London-New York for the first flight segment at www.seatguru.com.

First, on the main page we enter the necessary information - the name of the airline and the flight number (we already found them out on the ticket search engine or on the airline’s website):

A window opens where you can see what the plane will be like. To see the interior diagram, click “View map”:

A page opens with detailed information about the aircraft, as well as the seat layout:

3. Features of different seats on board the aircraft

In addition to studying the diagrams in detail, you need to remember some of the features of different places on board and select the best place based on your needs. Let's consider different types seats on the plane.

3.1. Emergency exit seats

If your height is above average, then these places are created especially for you! In the row opposite the emergency exit there is much more space for the feet than in normal places. But there are also restrictions - hand luggage will have to be put in the luggage rack, because... Safety rules do not allow things to be placed in the passage to the emergency exit. So you can’t put anything under your seat or the seat in front of you. Also, passengers with children are not seated at emergency exits, because it is assumed that there should be a person sitting at the emergency exit who will be able to help flight attendants open the emergency exit and evacuate passengers.

Also keep in mind that if your seat is located in the row that is located in front of the emergency row, then you will not be able to recline the back of your seat so as not to block the emergency exit.

3.2. Seats at the beginning of the plane

Most often, the very first row is reserved for frequent flyers and for passengers with children. So keep in mind that you may not be able to sleep due to a crying baby. Although you are not immune from this in other places, the probability here is higher.
Service starts right from the front rows, so you will have the maximum choice of dishes.
You will have to walk to the toilet, because... Business class toilets are not normally usable.
After landing, you will be able to leave the plane in the first rows, right after the first and business class passengers.

3.3. Middle seats

These places do not have pronounced disadvantages or advantages. When choosing a seat in the middle of the plane, pay attention to whether the wing of the plane will block your view if you plan to sit near the window.

3.4. Seats at the back of the plane

According to statistics, the seats located in the rear of the aircraft are considered the safest, because... Most of the passengers who survived the plane crash were in the tail section.

But there are no absolutely safe places, so let's look at other features of these places:

there are toilets in the rear, which on the one hand is convenient - you don’t have to walk far, but on the other hand, people will always be walking next to you, so it can be very noisy.
The last rows do not always have windows, so if you want to enjoy the views, look at the diagram of the plane you will be flying in advance.
Also, in the last row the backrest may not recline, because There is no additional space provided.
If you like to photograph the view from the window, then keep in mind that there may be poor visibility in the tail section due to the exhaust plume.
if the plane is not packed to capacity, then most free seats Usually it’s in the rear section, so you can occupy several chairs at once, comfortably lounging.
If you are flying with a transfer, it is better not to sit at the very back of the plane, because... You will only be able to leave as the last one, thereby losing a lot of time.
food distribution usually starts from the beginning or middle of the plane, so if you haven’t ordered a special meal, some dishes may no longer be enough for you (for example, you only eat fish, and only a few servings of meat will remain).

3.5. The most uncomfortable places

In addition to relatively comfortable places that have both advantages and disadvantages, there are also places that are strictly not recommended to sit on, for example:

seats in the row located in front of the emergency exit. You will not be able to recline the backrest.
seats in the middle row (if the plane has three rows of seats, with a 3-3-3, 3-4-3, 2-5-2 layout). Especially if you are sitting in the middle of this row, it is difficult to get out to the toilet, you may have to let passengers through, it is also difficult to get something from the luggage compartment, it takes the longest to get out after the plane stops.
places near the toilet - there may be an unpleasant smell, and people scurrying back and forth will not allow you to rest.

4. How to book a specific seat on board

When you have decided on the place you want to take, you need to book it. This can be done either in advance or immediately before departure. At the same time, you need to understand that the sooner you book a place, the greater the chances of getting exactly what you want.

So, there are several options for booking a place.

4.1. Reservation when purchasing a ticket

If you, then most likely it will be possible to immediately reserve a seat on board upon purchase. Find out about this option immediately.

Peculiarities. If you are flying low-cost, then most likely an additional fee will be charged for booking a specific seat. So I don’t see the point of booking something in advance, only if you really need a certain seat for some reason (for example, you are traveling with a child and want to be sure in advance that you will sit next to you or take a seat in the first row) . If you do not reserve a place in advance, then it is likely that you will be able to use another selection option, more on that below.

4.2. Booking in your personal account

If you bought your ticket from an intermediary (for example, through Skyscanner), then you can manage your booking on the airline's website. Just go to the airline’s website, register (or immediately go to your personal account if you are already registered) and personal account go to the “my bookings” or “manage booking” section. There you can already select seats (if there is such an option) or, for example, insert a card number to track miles.

4.3. Selecting a seat during online check-in

Online check-in usually starts 24 hours before the plane departs, but sometimes it opens earlier; you need to find out on the airline’s website. It is best to register immediately, in the first minutes after registration begins, so there will be a greater chance that you will have time to book the right place. To avoid missing time, set yourself a reminder. Again, this option does not apply to low-cost companies, because... there the choice of seat is only for an additional fee.

4.4. Selecting a seat during check-in at the airport

Here, too, it makes sense to arrive at the airport early in order to be among the first to check in. The best seats are already taken, but at least you can choose a window or aisle seat, in the middle of the plane or at the back. If you resort to the check-in counter at the last minute, then most likely you will no longer be able to choose a seat. This applies to flights on popular destinations at the height of the season. If you are flying to low season and the plane is half empty, then closer to the end of check-in you can, for example, ask for a seat in a free row, where there will be no one next to you.

4.5. Selecting a seat after boarding is complete

As soon as the landing is announced, you can safely choose more comfortable spot. This applies, first of all, to low-cost airlines, because... This is the only free seat selection option.

Another feature of low-cost airlines is that they sell slightly more tickets than seats on the plane, because... According to statistics, about 10% of passengers do not show up for their flight. Therefore, passengers who arrived last can often be seated in the best seats, sometimes even seated in business class (if, of course, it is provided for in this low-cost airline).

Most airline customers are afraid to fly. When purchasing tickets, some passengers choose seats based on the level of comfort, while others prefer cheap options. But there is also a category of people who try to choose only safe places in order to at least slightly reduce the risks of a plane crash and get a chance of survival.

The safest place on a plane if it falls

In 2007, the popular science magazine Popular Mechanics published information that the best seats are in the rear of the aircraft. The results were obtained through an analysis of statistics from the National Transportation Safety Board in the United States of America. To assess the situation, the most major plane crashes over the past 35 years, causes of passenger deaths and patterns Vehicle. The most safe place on an airplane we can consider the so-called last places. It’s comfortable to sit on them during the flight, but you can’t even compare them to the comfortable conditions of first class. The advantages of the second are obvious. Although, not all passengers understand why pay more.

Experts compared the number of victims in the incidents, taking into account the places where they were at the time of the crash.

Which seats on the plane are the safest and most comfortable?

Why it turns out that the cheapest seats on a plane are the most optimal from a safety point of view is not understood by everyone. The fact is that these positions experience the smallest load when falling. The nose of the airliner always falls faster, therefore it bears the heaviest impact when it hits the ground. In the tail are the most inexpensive and uncomfortable places.

Important! Internal layout passenger aircraft significantly different from each other. The same company can use different types of aircraft for flights.

To choose the most convenient place not for safety, but for comfort, experts recommend:

Check the information on your aircraft on the airline's website in advance. On the resource pages you can find data on the type of transport, level of cabin comfort, spacing between rows, location of toilets, etc.
Use a special self-service kiosk or order tickets online via the Internet, thanks to which you can choose your seat by looking at its location according to the diagram.

You can always ask a consultant at the airport for advice if you book your ticket in person at the ticket office. The safest seat It may also be near the emergency exit if the aircraft has landed and passengers need to be evacuated urgently. It is difficult to talk about survivability in this case, because situations can be completely different, ranging from banal malfunctions to terrorist attacks. When falling from high altitude survival rate for all passengers is zero.

Which part of the plane is the safest?

It’s worth noting right away that if an Airbus or other plane crashes from an altitude of 8-10 km, then it makes no difference where exactly your seat is in the cabin. It is possible to reduce risks only in cases where the aircraft makes dangerous landing With small height or an accident occurred in the first few minutes after takeoff. There is a chance to survive if the altitude is low and your place is at the rear of the aircraft.

According to statistics, it is the tail section of the aircraft that is the safest. If you are planning to fly, choose your flight and seats wisely. Especially if you are afraid and nervous about traveling.

The safest plane

Today, the Boeing 777 is reliable from a safety point of view. Production of this type of transport began in 1995. A total of 748 cars were created, which are especially popular among travelers all over the world.

In 20 million flight hours, only 4 accidents were recorded, but they cannot be considered plane crashes. The aircraft model is equipped with the most powerful General Electric GE90 engines in the history of aircraft manufacturing. Wide-body aircraft capable of seating 300 to 500 people.

Rating of the safest aircraft

It is difficult to definitively answer which aircraft is the best. There is a whole TOP of aviation, which, according to experts, is worthy of attention and is considered relevant. The list was created taking into account data on plane crashes that were recorded over the past 100 years.

Number in the rating	Vessel name
1	Boeing 777
2	Airbus A340
3	Airbus A330
4	Boeing 747
5	Boeing 737NG
6	Boeing 767
7	Airbus A320
8	Boeing 757

number of accidents;
number of models put into operation;
service life;
total flight time.

Why an airplane is the safest mode of transport in the world

Airplanes often suffer disasters, but this in no way affects the fact that it is the most safe way movement. Experts say that the chances of dying while driving a car or bicycle are much higher.

It is a fact that 0.6 people die per 100 million miles. As an example, let’s take information for 2014, when 21 disasters involving air transport. In total, according to the data, 990 people died, of which eleven aircraft were passenger aircraft, and the remaining ten were cargo aircraft.

In total, thirty-three million flights were operated in 2014. There was only one accident per million flights. Statistics point to the fact that the likelihood of dying in an ordinary plane crash passenger flight by airbus or other aircraft is minimal, and amounts to 1 in 8 million. As a result, we can say that you have a greater chance of getting into an accident when you drive your car to the airport than of getting into a plane crash.

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