Museum historical and memorial complex to the heroic defenders of Sevastopol “35th coastal battery. Museum "35th Coastal Battery" in Sevastopol Tickets to the 35th Battery Museum

Crimean peninsula survived many wars, but the most heroic moments of its history are associated with Sevastopol. The Hero City boasts numerous museums that reveal details of the city’s defense during the Second World War and the Crimean conflict. One of these museums is 35 battery (Sevastopol), thanks to which amazing pages of the past unfold before tourists. “The Thirty-fifth Battery,” if you open any Crimean guidebook, is listed as a mandatory item on the cultural program.

There are many incredible rumors circulating among the local population related to the last line of Sevastopol defense. Rumor has it that the casemates consist of three underground tiers, the last of which is partially flooded and probably has access to the sea. Another legend claims that Soviet submarines could enter the underground channel, and one of them even stood in a secret cave hangar. Children love to talk about the skeletons found in the catacombs with the remains of German uniforms, orders and rusted weapons.

Now on the territory of the complex there is a museum, which is freely visited by everyone, but you need to look for the attraction at Cape Chersonese, just south of Cossack Bay. The distance between the bay coast and the museum complex does not exceed 150 meters. If you came to Sevastopol for the 35th battery, the address of the facility is: Alley of Defenders of the 35th BB, building 7. GPS coordinates of the complex: 44°33′32″N (44.55897), 33°24′22″E (33.406168). Here are the nearest landmarks:

Blue Bay beach;
Airfield History Museum;
Pantheon of Memory;
Memorial Arch;
Art-dacha.

History of the museum

At the very beginning of the Second World War, the Sevastopol defense did not make much of an impression. Armored batteries with 12-inch guns were installed on the coast, and in some places there were well-planned fortifications (dozens of manned positions). The pits for the towers were dug back in 1912, but the Civil War suspended large-scale construction. The project was successfully completed in the 1930s under the leadership of engineers Vystavkin and Sokolov. Here are some interesting facts about the 35th battery in Sevastopol, the history of which we outline here:

Eyewitnesses assured that the scope of concrete work many times exceeded the efforts invested by the Soviet authorities in the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station.
The basis of the structure was a pair of reinforced concrete masses equipped with fortified gun turrets.
The first block became a haven for warehouses (ammunition was stored there), barracks and service sections.
The power station and correction post were moved to the second block.
The underground halls were connected through long corridors, and the complex was also equipped with emergency exits through which one could get to the sea.
The basis of the weapons were turret installations with 305-mm cannons, and the weight of the shells exceeded 450 kilograms. The destruction range was about 40 kilometers.
All-round fire was ensured by turning the towers 360 degrees.

The gun mounts experienced their baptism of fire in the fall of 1941, when the Nazis decided to capture Sevastopol in a lightning-fast attack. Suddenly, a powerful blow fell upon the Germans, for which they were not prepared, as a result of which the attack floundered. The second attempt to destroy the batteries took place in December after a massive artillery barrage (the main efforts of the Germans were concentrated on the 30th battery). Five enemy divisions were unable to cope with the fortifications during the day, but in the morning a large-scale offensive began along the entire front, accompanied by bombing, mortar and artillery fire. The Germans brought the stationary howitzer "Dora" and self-propelled mortars "Karl" to the theater of operations, but were again defeated.

In the summer of 1942, a turning point came - the Soviet defenders ran out of ammunition. In June, the 30th battery was surrounded by invaders, after which local battles began to boil on the outskirts of the city. At the end of June 35, the battery in Sevastopol, photos of which are presented here, began to receive retreating citizens and exhausted Soviet soldiers. Hitler's ring was shrinking, enemy artillery, tanks and planes fell on Chersonesus. After the defenders ran out of shells, the heroes began using buckshot and ancient cannonballs.

The defense, which began so heroically, ended in disgrace. Staff officers, hiding in the premises of the reserve command post, sent a report, the meaning of which boiled down to the impossibility of further defense of Sevastopol. Representatives of the headquarters requested an urgent evacuation, and soon planes arrived to pick up the authorities. Thus, about 80,000 defenders of Sevastopol and ordinary citizens were left to the mercy of fate. The ammunition magazines were destroyed by depth charges.

Post-war period

For some reason, it was 35 that suffered the most destruction. coastal battery Sevastopol - for a long time they could not restore it. Unlike the "thirty", which was reconstructed immediately after the end of the war. In the 60s, the casemates of the fortification site became a haven for the 723rd coastal battery. In 1963, the landmark lost its military status, and the Sevastopol City Council began thinking about preserving its historical heritage. The territory of the complex was formally protected by government agencies, but no one took real measures for reconstruction.

The walls of the attraction were gradually destroyed, and household waste and construction debris accumulated on the territory. The casemates were also polluted - local residents used them as a dump. Another misuse of the property dates back to 1988 - one of command posts was given over to a seismological laboratory owned by Simferopol state university. Before the collapse of the USSR, the following events related to the future museum took place:

Citizens' interest in classified pages of history has increased;
teams of researchers appeared to study the territory of the complex;
On July 3, meetings of veterans began to be organized in the complex;
authoritative historians studied archival documents related to the defense of Sevastopol.

How the historical and memorial complex 35 coastal battery was created

Irreparable damage to the memorial complex was caused by “black diggers” and enterprising Sevastopol residents who made a living in metal mining. Mini-hotels and private cottages were built nearby, and all construction waste was transported to casemates. The museum “35 Battery in Sevastopol” might not have opened, but in 2003 a special commission organized by the city administration took up the problem. The commission published an appeal in the newspaper to protect the public domain, and soon concerned citizens appeared who decided to restore the complex.

In 2006, an official decision was made to create a historical memorial Complex, dedicated to the defenders of the city. Soon, the authorities developed a regulatory framework that made it possible to take the site under protection and begin restoration activities. An important point: not only the museum complex, but also the entire territory adjacent to it is recognized as a historical and cultural heritage. From this moment on, the “35 Battery” complex in Sevastopol, the work schedule of which you will see below, was able to protect itself from the “Phoenix” dacha cooperative. Land use boundaries have shifted, and hotels have ceased to be built in close proximity to historical and cultural heritage.

The formation of the exhibition and improvement of the museum premises began in 2007. Funding was provided through donations; no government funds were spent on the museum. We list the main sponsors who agreed to participate in the project:

Group of companies "Tavrida-Electric".
CJSC "Sevastopol Stroyproekt"
Private entrepreneurs.

Why is it worth visiting the 35 Battery Museum?

The complex is a huge memorial space entirely dedicated to the soldiers and sailors who defended Sevastopol during the Second World War. There are no analogues to this structure in the world. Having crossed the threshold of the memorial, you are immersed in the atmosphere of the epic confrontation that unfolded between the German occupiers and the domestic armored turret battery. The ensemble is based on an artillery platform and deep casemates built during the tsarist era. Here are the key locations and interesting objects museum:

Wall of Glory;
Pantheon;
Soviet-style stationary guns;
Chapel of the Archangel Michael;
granite necropolis;
obelisk with the names of the fallen.

The importance of Sevastopol as a strategic site is best understood in the depths of the memorial complexes. Museum exhibits are selected in such a way as to reveal to travelers as much as possible the details of the long-standing confrontation. Everywhere there are maps, weapons, miraculously preserved documentation, personal belongings of soldiers. The exhibits are distributed over several tiers of the structure, so be patient - you will have to walk a lot. The types of activities practiced by museum employees are also very diverse:

excursions;
screenings of documentaries;
organization of commemorative events;
thematic exhibitions;
joint projects with other museums and archival institutions;
lectures for schoolchildren.

The complex's staff accepts group and individual requests for excursions from city guests. An interesting detail: there are three excursion routes in total, the logic of each of them is built in accordance with the internal structure of the complex. Therefore, when you arrive in Sevastopol for the “35th battery”, you need to take into account the work schedule, but at the same time do not forget about the nuances of the excursion program. The routes simulate the retreat vectors of the defenders into the bowels of the structure. Therefore, in one day it is possible to go through the first and second or first and third routes, but nothing else.

Please note: the third route is not recommended for children under 13 years of age. The reason lies in the fact that museum visitors face a long descent, and the “immersion depth” is 25 meters. The rooms have musty air, the excursion is accompanied by a gloomy story about death - all this (in total) can negatively affect the child’s psyche. Known facts panic attacks problems that children experienced after sightseeing. In general, “35 Battery” can hardly be called a children’s facility, so it’s better to visit the complex on your own (or plan your excursion route wisely).

Practical information

Minimum composition excursion group- five people, so we recommend visiting the complex with friends, having agreed in advance that you will go down into the depths. The thematic tour lasts an hour, with guides showing guests the Pantheon. But the operating hours depend on the season. The layout is as follows:

Tourist season (May-October). The museum is closed on Monday, tickets are issued at 9.45. The territory is accessible to visitors from eight in the morning to eight in the evening, but excursions are held between 10.00 and 18.00. The interval between excursions does not exceed 20 minutes.
Low season (November-April). There are two days off - Monday and Tuesday. Excursion programs end at 16.00. You can visit the complex between 9.00-18.00. The interval between excursions increases to 30 minutes.

So, you have decided to visit the “35 battery” in Sevastopol, how to get to the site without incident? The easiest way is to use public transport heading towards the 35th Battery stop. To do this, you will need to take a minibus (numbers 7, 77 and 11) or bus No. 105. Then go south along the asphalt path - it will lead you to the mass grave and the main entrance to the memorial ensemble.

If you decide to go to Sevastopol by car and are coming from the South Coast, you will certainly find yourself within the Yalta Ring. Drive along the Balaklavskoye Highway for five kilometers, turn onto Kamyshovoye Highway, after which you will turn in the direction of Cossack Bay. From the Simferopol highway you need to move through triumphal arch, railway station and Kamyshovaya Bay. Have a nice trip!

During our vacation in Crimea, we visited almost all the famous military museums of Sevastopol. We couldn’t leave aside the quite popular and relatively new memorial complex of the 35th Battery, which the caring people of the city began to build in 2007.

35 Battery. Sevastopol

Among the main investors we can highlight the company A.M. Chaly, it was he who signed an agreement with our president in 2014 on the annexation of Sevastopol to Russia. During the Great Patriotic War, the 35th battery remained last stronghold resistance, the army headquarters was located here before the evacuation. In July 1942, it was blown up, the people who defended it died or were captured. The history of the 35th coastal battery is one of the most tragic in the entire period of the defense of Sevastopol. The battery was not restored for a long time. When residential buildings began to closely adjoin its territory and there was a threat of its settlement by cottages, active citizens took the initiative to create a museum on the site of the 35th coastal battery and preserve the memory of the heroic defenders of the city for subsequent generations.

35 Battery. Sevastopol

35 Battery

It is important to note that the museum was created with non-state funds and admission to it is absolutely free. In this regard, during the peak summer season, not everyone can go on an excursion. For example, we were there at the end of June and were only able to buy tickets for a show that started in one hour and forty minutes. In July and August, they say tickets for the whole day run out very early, so it's best to arrive at the opening at 9 am. Small children are not allowed inside; too serious things are discussed during the excursion.

We had time left before the start of the session, and we decided to take a walk along the ground part of the memorial complex. First, visitors are greeted by an arch on which the years of the heroic defense of Sevastopol are written - 1941-1942. Groups gather around this arch before the excursion.

35 Battery. Sevastopol

35 Battery

Opposite we see a small exhibition of military vehicles of that time.

35 Battery

We pass through the arch. On the left side is the Pantheon of Memory, which in its outline resembles the destroyed tower of a coastal battery. It was opened in 2011 in order to perpetuate the names of the defenders of Sevastopol. During the work on creating the memorial complex, more than 150 bodies of soldiers and civilians who died on the territory of the 35th battery were found. They were buried at the Pantheon of Memory.

35 Battery

A little to the side is a mass grave in which soldiers who died in the explosion of one of the towers in December 1941 were buried.

35 Battery. Sevastopol

Next to it is the left command and rangefinder post. From here you can clearly see at what height the 35th coastal battery is located; now there are private houses around.

35 Battery

From the sea side, the small Blue Bay beach adjoins the museum complex. You can also spend time here before the excursion, but we didn’t have much time, so we went to explore the territory further.

Blue Bay

35 Battery

Memorial plaques were placed along the shore, indicating all the military units that defended Sevastopol.

35 Battery

Opposite is a rather modest chapel, as befits such a place. The bodies of soldiers found during its construction were buried in it. The inside of the chapel is decorated with beautiful mosaics.

Then we come to the cleared base of the tower. You can imagine its power and size. They say that the construction of the 35th battery took the same amount of concrete as the construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. Flags fly over the memorial complex, reminding us of the thousands of soldiers who gave their lives defending Sevastopol. An hour and a half passes unnoticed.

Destroyed tower

A guide comes out to our group, gathered at the arch, and we head to the entrance to the underground premises of the 35th coastal battery. We are strongly warned that photography inside is strictly prohibited. To be honest, it’s not entirely clear why, because anyway, judging by the photos on the Internet, almost all the premises have already appeared in various reports.

Dungeon entrance

We also managed to rent several rooms and corridors. After all, I want to convey the atmosphere of this place as fully as possible.

35 battery

The construction of a coastal battery in Sevastopol began in Tsarist Russia. The defeat in the Russo-Japanese War clearly demonstrated the insufficient power of coastal artillery compared to Japanese naval guns. In this regard, in 1909 it was decided to equip the main Black Sea base, the city of Sevastopol, with powerful artillery installations to protect against attack from the sea. Work began on the construction of two coastal batteries: one was located on the Northern side, and the second on Cape Chersonese.

The first later became known as the 30th battery, and the second - the 35th. It was planned to install two 305-mm guns on the battery and build two armor-piercing concrete towers. They were connected to each other by underground passages. By the beginning of the revolution, work on concreting the bases of two towers was almost completed at the 35th coastal battery, barracks, a kitchen, a power station and utility rooms were built. However, revolutionary events interrupted the construction of coastal fortifications for several years, which was continued only in 1925.

IN as soon as possible A powerful fortification structure was built by specialists from all over the country. The map showed us how huge the firing radius of the battery’s guns was: in the north, shells could reach Bakhchisarai, and in the southeast - Simeiz. During construction, the battery was supposed to be used to protect against naval attack, but at the beginning of the war, the coastal tower helped the city’s defenders defend against Germans breaking through from land.

Diagram of the ground part of the Battery

The artillery fire was so intense that the gun barrels in the first turret needed urgent repairs. The second tower took on the entire burden of providing artillery support to the army. However, due to a premature shot in December 1941, an explosion occurred at the 35th battery, which also disabled the second tower. The battery personnel were sent to the Marine Corps during repairs.

Rubble in a destroyed tower

The fiercest battles here took place in the summer of 1942. Every day, the 35th battery fired hundreds of shells and suffered powerful artillery strikes from the enemy. To bomb the city, the Nazis used the most modern technology, including the huge Dora cannon.

The situation around Sevastopol became more and more critical. In June 1942, the 30th coastal battery on the North Side was captured by the Germans, and its commander was shot after torture. The 35th coastal battery remained the only fortification in which they could still fight. The army headquarters was located in its premises at the end of June, and Vice Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky decided to evacuate the senior command staff. Battery commander A. Leshchenko was ordered to cover the evacuation, and then, when there was nothing to shoot, to blow up the guns. Which was done on July 2. However, many of the premises of the 35th battery survived and until July 12, the last defenders of the city, pressed by the enemy to the sea, defended themselves in them.

Almost 80 thousand soldiers were abandoned to the mercy of fate and were killed or captured. People were left without weapons, without food and fresh water. Until the end, they believed that they would be saved, but no one came for them except their enemies. We were taken out of the underground premises to the sea, it was here that in those terrible days the soldiers tried to get at least salt water for themselves and their comrades. They say that the entire shore was covered with corpses, and the sea was pink with blood.

Access to the sea from Battery

After this whole story, the street in Sevastopol, which bears the name of Admiral Oktyabrsky, who abandoned people to their fate, seems like some kind of mockery.

At the end of the excursion we were taken to the Pantheon of Memory. The names of all the defenders of the city are collected here.

Pantheon of Memory

And before leaving, we find ourselves in a hall where the faces of soldiers and civilians who were killed or captured in Sevastopol appear and disappear in the starry sky. They say that when the museum was created, the “Wait for Me” program called on all relatives of the defenders of Sevastopol, who could provide at least some information about those tragic events, to respond. Based on the collected material and things found at the site of the battery, the exhibitions of the memorial complex appeared.

Pantheon of Memory

A visit to this museum leaves a deep imprint on the soul and makes you think about a lot. For example, about how cheaply we value human life. And that, despite this, thousands of people fought to the last and died as heroes who should not be forgotten.

German soldiers in battle in the area of the 35th battery of Sevastopol. The Germans were never able to suppress our batteries either with artillery fire or with the help of aviation. On July 1, 1942, the 35th battery fired its last 6 direct-fire shells at the advancing enemy infantry, and on the night of July 2, the battery commander, Captain Leshchenko, organized the explosion of the battery

At the beginning of the war, the defense of Sevastopol consisted of two armored 12-inch batteries, dozens of gun positions, and many well-built defensive structures. Back in 1912, under the leadership of engineer Cui, pits for the towers were dug, but due to the revolution and Civil War In Russia, construction was stopped. In the thirties, the project was remembered and, with the help of military engineers Sokolov and Vystavkin, the construction was successfully completed. According to eyewitnesses, the volume of concrete work performed exceeded similar work during the construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. Battery number 35 was located near Cape Khersones, and battery number 30 was located near the village of Lyubimovka. The main part of the 35th battery is two gigantic reinforced concrete masses with gun turrets. The first block housed ammunition depots, service premises and barracks, and inside the second block there was a post for controlling and adjusting fire and a power station. Armored command posts were created not far from the blocks. All rooms were connected by underground passages. In case of emergency, there were two emergency exits to the sea. The basis of the armament of the 35th battery was two 305-mm turret installations of two guns. Each shell weighed more than 450 kg, and the firing range exceeded 40 km. The towers could rotate 360 degrees, conducting all-round fire. Initially, the 30th and 35th batteries were built to protect the city from the sea, but soon they had to become the center of defense from land.

G.A. Alexander and E.K. Solovyov

On October 30, 1941, fascist troops tried to immediately capture Sevastopol, but they were suddenly struck by a blow of unprecedented power. The 30th battery under the command of Georgy Alexander, together with the forces of the Primorsky Army, repelled the assault. Nevertheless, the Nazis occupied all approaches to the city. On December 17, 1941, after a powerful artillery barrage, the second assault attempt took place. Five divisions went on the attack. The main task was to destroy the 30th battery. But their efforts were in vain. And finally, on the morning at 5 o’clock on June 7, after stunning fire from enemy artillery and mortars, and bombardment of the city from the air, fascist troops began an offensive across the entire width of the front. Manstein wrote:

“In general, in the Second World War, the Germans never achieved such a massive use of artillery as in the attack on Sevastopol.”

Self-propelled mortars "Karl" and the monstrous 420-mm stationary howitzer "Dora" were specially delivered here. But Russian troops fiercely repelled attack after attack. Over the next four days, the Germans lost about 20 thousand people. The turning point occurred on June 17, when the 30th battery was surrounded. She shot all the shells, and the survivors of the war retreated to the tower array. The fighting moved into the interior of the battery, the Germans poisoned the defenders with gas, there was no water or food. On June 20 and 21, both towers were blown up. Many died a terrible death, the rest, like battery commander Alexander, were captured by the Nazis and perished in camps. After this Manstein wrote:

“Despite these hard-won successes, there were still no signs of weakening the enemy’s will to resist, and the strength of our troops was noticeably diminishing.”

German super-heavy gun "Dora" (caliber 800 mm, weight 1350 tons) in a position near Bakhchisarai. The gun was used during the assault on Sevastopol to destroy defensive fortifications, but due to the remoteness (minimum firing range - 25 km) of the position from the targets, the fire was ineffective. With 44 shots of seven-ton shells, only one successful hit was recorded, which caused an explosion of an ammunition depot on the northern shore of Severnaya Bay, located at a depth of 27 m.

On July 24, the defense of Sevastopol came to an end. With bloody battles, our troops and city residents fled to the cape, to the 35th coastal battery. The sailors fought in black pea coats and vests. Recklessly brave and daring, they struck terror into the hearts of their enemies. The Nazis tightened the ring, pushing the city’s defenders towards the sea. There was nowhere to retreat there. Every square meter of the Chersonesos peninsula was abundantly watered with blood. Despite the huge losses, Manstein decided to continue the offensive with infantry and tanks with the support of aviation and artillery. The 35th battery constantly fired at enemy positions, being subjected to increased bombing and shelling in response. As a result of a direct hit on June 23, the first tower was destroyed. When the shells ran out, the battery continued to fire cannonballs, and then grapeshot.

On the 35th BB

35BB, horizontal guidance post

At 22:00 on June 29, the Military Council moves to the 35th coastal battery to a reserve command post. The command of the Coastal Defense of the Fleet and the Primorsky Army is also moving there. At night the troops are regrouped. By this time, only names remained of many battalions and regiments. The aviation was completely destroyed, and from the composition air force A Marine battalion was created. On June 30, Vice Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky sends a report to the People's Commissar of the Navy about the impossibility of holding Sevastopol. The letter contains a convincing request to evacuate the entire headquarters. On the night of July 1, the command staff of the military forces was shamefully taken out by flying planes, leaving more than 80 thousand people to certain death! Of these, within last days About four thousand managed to get out in different ways. For further defense of the city, General P.G. was left behind. Novikova. The general had one task - to fight to the end, and then try to escape to the mountains.

After Sevastopol was surrendered on July 1, at night at 0:36 a.m., on the personal order of P.G. Novikov's depth charges blew up the ammunition cellars and the first tower of the 35th battery. At 2:31 a.m. the second tower was blown up. But for more than ten days, with the last of their strength, tens of thousands of people defended the approaches to it. The Germans burned them with flamethrowers, threw grenades at them and gassed them. The strength of the defenders decreased every hour. There was no water, ammunition, hope. Medical Lieutenant V.I. Luchinkina writes in her diary:

“It was already July 5 or 6. After another attempt to break through to the partisans, we decided to bury our party and Komsomol cards. There were five of us. It was decided that each of us would shoot himself to avoid being captured. I didn’t hear the shots because of the shell shock.”

Aircraft mechanic V.N. Focuses:

“We tried to break through to the partisans, but there was no one.
We went under the rocks near the airfield. There were many wounded, groans, screams, a huge mass of people. The ships were waiting, but then we realized that we had been left to the mercy of fate. Hunger tormented me terribly, but especially thirst. They drank sea water and diluted it with sugar.”

And here is a note from an unknown hero:

“During the battles on July 1, almost half of the personnel were out of action. We were exhausted, we had no food, no fresh water, we drank sea water, and even that was difficult to get during the day on the line of fire. We took up defensive positions again. Without sleep, without food, they shot the last bullets, and yet all day on July 3 they held back the enemy’s onslaught. The ships were waiting at night, but they did not come.”

After the exhausted soldiers were captured on the surface, the fighting continued in the battery casemates, where the most desperate brave men gathered who did not want to surrender to the Nazis.

After the end of the war, the 30th battery was rebuilt. She was armed, and she is among the active military units of Russia. The 35th battery was much more destroyed. In the 90s, the territory of the battery began to be built up with private houses, cottages, and hotels. But the caring residents of Sevastopol did not allow building on bones. Now, on the site of the 35th battery, a memorial complex has been created, in which all work was carried out only through public donations. On the territory of the complex there is a pantheon in which all the currently known names of the city’s defenders are carved.

German soldiers on the destroyed tower No. 2 (western) of the 30th coastal battery of Sevastopol.

From the first days of the defense of Sevastopol (from November 1, 1941), the 30th battery under the command of Captain G. Alexander fired at units of the German 11th Army, Colonel General Manstein, advancing on the main fleet base. On June 26, 1942, the Germans broke into the tower block and captured 40 of its last defenders, all of them were wounded and exhausted from hunger and thirst.
After the end of the war the battery was restored. Now this object is part of the coastal forces of the Black Sea Fleet

Broken equipment on the approaches to the 35th battery of Sevastopol - the last line of defense, from which fire was fired at the advancing German troops until the last shell

Officers german army and fleet on the broken Soviet armored turret battery No. 35 (BB-35) of Sevastopol

Destroyed turret gun mount No. 1 of the 35th coastal battery of Sevastopol

Fire, battery. Unknown drama of Sevastopol (Russia) 2011

In 1943, Leonid Utesov first performed Boris Mokrousov's song "The Treasured Stone". And soon the whole country picked it up: “Cold waves rise like an avalanche on the wide Black Sea. The last sailor left Sevastopol - he leaves, arguing with the waves...”. The song breathed mystery and excited riddles. As if the authors knew more than they could say at the time.
What treasured stone are we talking about? This film is about the legendary 35th coastal battery, tragic and heroic at the same time. Manstein's 11th Army, one of the best formations of the Wehrmacht, stumbled at the "Russian Gibraltar", and this significantly weakened the German position at Stalingrad.

It was here in June-July 1942 that they accepted their last Stand 80,000 defenders of the hero city. It was here that in those terrible days the headquarters of the Sevastopol defensive region was located. It was here, in the battery wardroom, that the last joint meeting of the Military Councils of the SOR and the Primorsky Army took place, as a result of which a decision was made to end the defense of Sevastopol and evacuate the command staff.

Thus, the territory of the battery became a kind of quintessence of a people's feat and a people's tragedy.

In the post-war period, the 35th coastal battery was not restored, but part of its structures were used for the existing 130-mm coastal battery, thanks to which the appearance of the fortification was preserved for us almost untouched.

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IT companies in Belarus are increasingly mentioned in serious world news. Mid-August was no exception: specialized resources about photography and IT flew around interesting news. Google is completing a deal with AIMatter (Belarus), which is creating neural network technologies for digital image processing.

AIMatter themselves told the media about this. The transaction amount and terms were not disclosed.

What kind of technology is this and what will it give to modern photographers and selfie lovers? AIMatter has created a technology that allows you to select a person in a photo and replace the background. Fast, easy and absolutely realistic. You may have already come across an application from these creators called Fabby. It changed the hair color in the photo: girls could try on a new shade before going to the hairdresser or just “for fun.” Guys weren’t shy about using it either, so the app quickly gained popularity on the Internet.

The basis of the technology is the use of neural networks. In this, Belarusians compete with Vladislav Urazov, an IT specialist from the Ukrainian Odessa: he created a similar technology that is applicable in both photography and video.

It seems that very soon Google users will be able to forget about Photoshop: all basic image editing functions will be available in the Google Universe. Replacing photos will allow you to quickly create collages, postcards, illustrations, including fakes.

In the near future, media readers will have to trust their eyes less and less and use primary sources. After all, journalists know how to make mountains out of molehills using a couple of dubious photos.

As for serious sources without any deception and fakes: on
ibc-tender.ru
You will be provided with tender support services in Crimea and Moscow.

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Photographing children is an interesting and challenging activity. In order for the pictures to turn out successful, you need to take into account a number of factors that distinguish a children's photo session from an adult one.

The beauty of children for a photographer is their naturalness. You won't be good baby photo, if you force your child to pose in poses that are not natural for him and to smile when he doesn’t want to. Instead, it is better to photograph children at play, when they express genuine emotions, take spontaneous poses and show characteristic gestures.

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So, first we need a good and high-quality digital camera. Of course, you can take a photo with a regular point-and-shoot camera, but will it be just as effective and cool? Wide-angle lens for shooting with close range, a tripod, an external flash and a polarizing filter - this is probably the minimum that a good photographer will need. Even Andrei Pasha, information about him, agrees with this opinion.

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Every professional or amateur photographer gets inspiration and pleasure when looking at photographs of cities at night.

Lights from the windows of large buildings or from car headlights, barely lit night streets or bright central areas metropolis - this is only that small part that a photograph taken in dark time days. How to take photographs correctly? Let's figure it out together.

So first thing important rule: Choose a location in advance. This will allow you to prepare before the shooting itself and estimate the locations. Make sure that at night this or that object looks even cooler than during the day.
Second: use a tripod. Because photographing at night requires a fairly long shutter speed, about 30-40 seconds. Agree, it will be difficult to hold the camera motionless in your hands for half a minute.

The third rule partially concerns the second. Motion Blur photos – have you heard of them? Photos with “motion blur” always catch your eye. And, in fact, it’s not so difficult: just take 10 seconds to photograph a road with heavy traffic. Voila! And car lights will turn into spectacular arrows of the night city.
Another important point is the time for shooting. Special photographs are taken at dusk. When the sky has not yet completely plunged into the night haze, and the lights of the evening city are already burning with all their might. It is this point that many people pay attention to when sharing secrets on their blog. By the way, about blogs. If you have time, take a look at Andrei Viktorovich Pasha for information about him - there is a lot of useful and interesting things there.
Of course, you can still go on and on about what and how is more important in night photography, but there is one most important and basic rule: take inspiration and a good mood with you! And then everything will be wonderful.

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Memorial-historical complex “35th Coastal Battery”

I have always admired Sevastopol. Perhaps this is the only city in the world in which so many historical monuments and museums of the Great Patriotic War are concentrated. The largest of them is the historical and memorial complex “35th Coastal Battery”.

Location, history of foundation, excursions

There is a huge museum complex in Cossack Bay, on Cape Chersonesus. The exact address, route description below. The construction of the 35th fortification began parallel to the construction.

I will deviate a little from my principles, and today I will not describe the fighting that took place here in 1941-1942. You can hear all this on the tour or read it in detail on the official website.

In this article I will briefly talk about the history of the founding museum complex And excursion routes on it. The history of the museum began thanks to the caring residents of Sevastopol, trying to preserve the memory of the events of the Second World War.

The coastal defense structure received museum status in 2007. And only thanks to the many months of efforts of city residents, led by A. Chaly. For a long period of time, activists tried to convey to the authorities what seemed to be simple truth: “Such objects must be preserved. To perpetuate the memory of people thanks to whom we have the opportunity to enjoy life today.”

Almost a year of “room-to-office visits” and rallies yielded the desired result and the city authorities issued a decree on the creation of a historical heritage zone on the territory of the ruins of the casemates. It is especially worth noting the important role of the “Wait for Me” program in this process.

Thanks to them, the relatives of the people, the defenders of the city, who took part in the defense of Sevastopol at the 35th battery, were found. The museum officially opened its doors to the first visitors in July 2008, but the complex was finally formed only 6 years later (in 2014).

The modern full name of the object is the Historical Memorial Complex to the Heroic Defenders of Sevastopol “35th Coastal Battery” (MIMK GZS). Its territory amazes any imagination - 8 hectares, underground casemates are located on five thousand square meters.

Excursion

A powerful fortification structure consists of the following objects:

Necropolis;
Chapel;
Stele with a list of defenders;
Underground casemates.

The main exhibition was located in the casemates. The collection contains materials telling about the construction of the battery, the fate of the soldiers, their role in the defense of the city and the battles at Chersonesos (not to be confused with the ruins!). Excursions are conducted along three routes, you can choose from: route No. 1 + No. 2 or No. 1 + No. 3. The end point is the “Pantheon of Memory”.

Important: due to the duration and features of the excursion program route, visiting the complex is not recommended for children under 12 years old; under 7 years old is strictly prohibited! It is not advisable for citizens with problems of the cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system to stay here. And also for people with claustrophobia. Since the casemates are cool, I recommend taking extra clothing.

The first route runs along the right wing of the underground casemates. Here you will find out historical facts defense of Sevastopol, about the people who took part in it. Duration just under an hour. All routes start from here.

Tourists who choose the second route descend to a depth of seventeen meters and go out to the site to explore the territory. The duration of this route is up to 25 minutes. Taking the third route, you will go down to a depth of twenty-five meters along a spiral staircase. You will go out to the observation deck. Duration – 1.5 hours.

Opening hours, prices, contacts

Break between excursion programs depends on the season. In the warm season, the tourist season, they take place at intervals of half an hour. IN winter period- 20 minutes. Viewing the exhibition outdoors is available at any time, even at 8.00 (from spring to autumn). The entrance to the museum complex opens at 8 - 9 o'clock and closes at 18.00 - 20.00 (seasonal).

Please note: price entrance ticket, unlike visiting , is zero! That is, all excursions are absolutely free. This is the reason for the limited number of tickets (you can get inside only with a free ticket). Therefore, I recommend ordering a pass in advance on the museum’s official portal - http://35battery.ru/.

Address: Crimea, Sevastopol, Cossack Bay, Alley of Defenders of the 35th Battery, 7.

Phone: 8 978 8608759.

How to get to the museum “35th Coastal Armored Turret Battery”

Thanks to its convenient location, you can get here by almost any route. public transport. From the bus station and railway station to the stop "35th battery" the bus is coming №177.

From the railway station you can take the first trolleybus to Central Market, and then change to bus 77 or 105. The same buses go from the central department store.

Well, if it’s easier for you to travel in your own car, use the map to guide you. Exact location on the map andGPS coordinatess are below. Some tourists decide to take a walk, while at the same time exploring others. True, this process takes a lot of time and effort. I wouldn't recommend this option.

Photo

Photo inside

Exact location on the map, GPS coordinates: 44°33’28.7″N 33°24’28.8″E (44.557962, 33.408000)

A visit to the museum made me understand that significant objects and historical monuments are not only possible, but also necessary to be preserved. But most of all, of course, I was surprised free tickets. People have done a tremendous job, and it’s all selfless. Some citizens should think twice. Have a pleasant, educational holiday everyone!

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