Pushkin Mountains Pskov landmark. Sights of Russia: Pushkin Mountains. History of Pushkin Mountains

After visiting any attraction, each person is left with a certain aftertaste. If it is pleasant, then the tourist will definitely return again, and if not, he will dissuade all his friends from going. Talking about Pushkinskiye Gory ah, some people mean the family estate of A.S. Pushkin. But they will be wrong, since an entire village located in the Pskov region was named that way.

The Pushkin Mountains left a significant mark on the poet’s life, and therefore everyone who wants to touch the life of the great creator should definitely visit this place. On the territory of the village there are two family estates (Mikhailovskoye, Petrovskoye), as well as one of the poet’s close friends – Trigorskoye. Pushkin was buried in the Svyatogorsk Museum, and this adds even greater importance to all objects.

You can start your journey around the village from the most famous estate of Alexander Sergeevich - Mikhailovskoye. According to official references, he spent a large period of his youth here, and was also in exile from 1824 to 1826.

The poet’s family owned this estate even before his birth. Its history begins in 1742, when it was passed down from his great-grandfather (O.A. Hannibal) to his grandfather, and only then to his mother. Mikhailovskoye began to have the status of state property in 1899. This date was not chosen by chance; it was connected with the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth.

The Pushkin Museum was opened a little later - 1911. Tourists visiting Pushgory should be aware that all the buildings that previously belonged to this estate were restored several times, since a serious fire occurred in 1918. A tragic fate hung over this place. Despite the fact that everything was restored by 1937, the Second World War I was able to make my own adjustments.

The second stage of restoration work in the Pushkin Mountains began immediately after the end of the war. On the territory of the presented attraction you can find:

The house-museum of the poet, in which complex restoration work was carried out. The architects were faced with a serious task - to restore the interior and supplement it with authentic things from past centuries. Each tourist can look at several open rooms, one of the most interesting is the office.
Nanny's house.
The kitchen is human.

On the territory there is Mikhailovsky Park, where visitors can enjoy the flavor of those times. The Spruce Alley, planted by my great-grandfather, deserves special attention, as well as the Anna Kern Alley, along which Pushkin loved to stroll in the company of his beloved.

Much credit goes to the workers of the Pushkin Mountains, since day after day they maintain, bit by bit, the restored image of the estate. The undoubted advantage of the museum is that it recreates the poet’s ordinary day, and therefore the viewer seems to be immersed headlong in a unique atmosphere. The stone lying on the table in the office seems to remind us of Anna Kern, who tripped over it. A large number of exhibits are overgrown with legends and secrets.

Petrovskoe estate

Pushkinskiye Gory is famous not only for the Mikhailovsky, but also for the Petrovsky estate, which has its own no less rich history. It was presented by Empress Elizabeth back in the mid-18th century to the poet’s great-grandfather, Hannibal A.P. Soon it was presented to Peter Abramovich, his great-uncle, and after a while to his great-uncle, Veniamin Petrovich, who became the last owner of the Hannibal family.

Since 1839, Petrovskoye was listed under other owners, and only in 1936 it became part of the Pushkin Mountains museum. It is worth noting that Petrovskoye, like the Mikhailovskoye estate, was restored over many years. The houses in which Alexander Sergeevich himself spent time were irretrievably lost back in 1918 during a fire. 70 years later, the great-uncle’s house was completely rebuilt, and by 2000, the construction of the great-grandfather’s house was completed.

Today, the museum complex does not include many exhibits. These include:

grandfather's house;
great-grandfather's house;
park gazebo-grotto.

In the museum's exhibition you can see authentic things that the poet came into contact with. Many of them were found during excavations, and archaeologists were able to thoroughly analyze them. Based on the data obtained, we can draw conclusions about the life of those times. There are only three trees growing in the grotto gazebo park: a linden tree and two elms. They found Abram Hannibal, and therefore the worker of the Pushkin Mountains takes care of them with special zeal.

Speaking about Trigorsky, it is worth saying that it was not the property of Pushkin, but belonged to close friends - the Osipov-Wulfs. This estate was no exception, and therefore in 1918 it turned to ashes. The restoration stage began after the end of World War II. The manor's house was built already in 1962, and 16 years later - a bathhouse, which was not only used for joint bathing, but also as a place to relax.

Pushkin loved not only his chambers, but also the ordinary bathhouse, in which he often retired and enjoyed the silence. In the manor house you can see exhibits that are of great value to contemporaries. Every person can touch the achievements of bygone eras.

Trigorsky Park deserves special attention, as it has many interesting places.

In the Pskov region it is difficult to find a place that will be so cozy and quiet. Trigorsky Park is quite easy to find, since it is located near the Trigorsky parking lot. A narrow road stretches from it, passing through the territory of the orchard, passes along the pond and ends with the ancient Vyndomsky estate. Turning right you can find yourself in museum complex, and to the left - in the park.

A park

Trigorsky Park has long glorified the Pushkin Mountains, since it embodies classical gardening art, which dates back to the second half of the 18th century. According to the original plans, it was planned to build a park in a distinctive romantic style. The laying was carried out by Vyndomsky, who did not forget about the economic side of this construction.

A linen factory was built in the eastern part, as well as food granaries. Western and eastern part divided by an orchard, which is still observed by visitors to the Pushkin Mountains. It is worth noting that the decision to build the park took quite a long time, since the hills and deep ravines could interfere with the process itself.

In the park there are corners that received names that appear in the novel “Eugene Onegin”. A winding path leads to a green gazebo, which is surrounded by old linden trees planted in the 18th century. The existing descent is convenient for tourists, as it allows them to see the lowland and the swimming pool. Leaving the bank, you can observe the territory of the Mountains, a cascade of three small ponds. It should be noted that they were also restored, but back in the 19th century. Water for washing was taken from a small pond, and a walking path was laid on the side of the bathhouse.

The green hall was used for dances, which were usually attended by young people. Having passed this area through a small bridge, you can find yourself on a large linden alley, which left no one indifferent, especially during the flowering period.

Where else can you go?

In order to understand the actual appearance of the Pushkin Mountains, you must definitely visit the Svyatogorsk Monastery. This attraction has a rather pessimistic reputation, since the poet’s family burial place is located in this place.

The construction began with the order of Ivan the Terrible back in the 16th century. According to legend, construction in the Pushkin Mountains began on the spot where the shepherd Timofey saw the face of the Mother of God Hodegetria. The poet regularly visited the monastery and communicated with representatives of the clergy. Since 1924 it was closed, only in 1992 it was opened monastery, whose fame went far beyond the Mountains.

A tourist traveling from the Mikhailovsky estate to the monastery should definitely look into Bugrovo, a small village in which there is a restored mill. It was recreated based on historical reports and almost completely copies the times of the poet’s life. To remember your visit to this place, you can take a small bag of fresh flour as a souvenir to your family and friends.

Subject of the federation Pskov region Municipal district Pushkinogorsky urban settlement Pushkinogorye History and geography First mention 16th century Former names Tobolenets, Holy Mountains PGT with 1960 Timezone UTC+3 Population Population ↘ 4509 people (2019) Katoykonim Pushkinogorsk people Digital IDs Telephone code +7 81146 Postcode 181370 OKATO code 58251551 OKTMO code 58651152051

Pushkinskiye Gory- an urban-type settlement (since 1960) in the west of the Pskov region. The administrative center of the Pushkinogorsky district, as well as the urban settlement of Pushkinogorye.

Located 112 km southeast of, 57 km southeast of the Ostrov railway station (on the Pskov - line).

Story

As part of the Russian state

The history of the village dates back to 1569, when, on the orders of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible, the Pskov governor Yuri Tokmakov founded the Svyatogorsk Monastery on the Sinichie Mountains (not far from the Pskov suburb of Voronich), which later played the role of a military outpost of the Russian state. The monastery was surrounded by a powerful wooden wall, which was replaced by a stone wall at the end of the 18th century. Soon after the founding of the monastery, the Sinichya Mountains were renamed Holy Mountains, and a settlement arose at the monastery Tobolenets(name after the name of the lake).

Beginning at least in the 1690s, fairs were held at the Svyatogorsk Monastery, bringing together merchants not only from all over the area, but also from distant cities. Svyatogorsk fairs were famous for their crowds and fun, surpassing all other fairs held in Opochetsky district in terms of turnover and the abundance of goods presented.

Peter I, by his decree of December 18 (29), 1708, introduced a new Administrative division to provinces and districts. At the same time, Voronich, which had decayed in the 17th century, received the status of a suburb, but lost its significance so much that the center of the Voronichskaya (Voronetskaya) volost of the Opochetsky district of the Ingermanland province (in 1710 it was renamed St. Petersburg) became the settlement of Tobolenets. The tsar's new decree of May 29 (June 9), 1719 introduced the division of provinces into provinces, and the settlement, together with the entire Opochetsky district, became part of the Pskov province of the St. Petersburg province.

As part of the Russian Empire

By decree of Empress Catherine I of April 29 (May 10), 1727, the settlement of Tobolenets, together with the Pskov province, went to the newly formed Novgorod province. In accordance with the Decree of the Senate of October 23 (November 3), 1772, the Pskov province - together with the Velikolutsk province and the territory of the former Polotsk Voivodeship annexed to Russia under the first partition of Poland - became part of the newly established Pskov province; At the same time, Opochka became the provincial town. However, by decree of Catherine II of August 24 (September 4), 1776, the Polotsk province was separated from the Pskov province, and the center of the Pskov province (in 1777-1796 - Pskov governorship) was moved to.

During his stay in Mikhailovsky exile (from August 1824 to September 1826), A. S. Pushkin often visited the Svyatogorsk Monastery - both in order to attest to Abbot Jonah his trustworthiness, and in order to use the monastery library and rummage through archives (here, in particular, he found materials that he used when writing the tragedy “Boris Godunov”). Pushkin also loved to visit Svyatogorsk fairs, where he listened to the bright and figurative folk speech, memorized and wrote down the most interesting and characteristic “from life”.

The Svyatogorsk Monastery became Pushkin’s last earthly refuge. On February 5 (17), 1837, the poet’s body was brought here from St. Petersburg, and on February 6 (18), 1837, it was - after the funeral requiem served by Archimandrite Gennady - interred at the altar wall in the southern aisle of the Assumption Cathedral of the monastery. Close relatives of the poet are also buried on the territory of the monastery: grandfather Osip Abramovich Hannibal, grandmother Maria Alekseevna, mother Nadezhda Osipovna and father Sergei Lvovich Pushkin.

In Pushkin's times, the settlement of Tobolenets was a small village, mainly inhabited by monastic servants and patrimonial peasants. But merchants who were mainly engaged in buying flax also settled here. The export of agricultural raw materials was facilitated by the construction of the Kyiv Highway, completed in 1849, connecting with.

In the 2nd half of the 19th century, the settlement of Tobolenets was a modest volost center with its own government, fire brigade, small hospital, almshouse and reading room. The volost administration was located on Mount Volostnoy (today known as Mount Sunset). The fire station stood in the center of the settlement, opposite it on the hill there was a hospital. Below there were shops and a tavern, closer to the monastery - the houses of merchants and priests. In addition to the Svyatogorsk Monastery, there were three churches and two chapels. Back in the early 1830s, A.I. Raevsky opened the first free school in the settlement, where 30 children studied; in the 1840s the Ministry state property founded her own school here. In 1875, a two-class Svyatogorsk school was added to it, opened in the settlement of Tobolenets.

In 1877, a post office was opened in the settlement, and in 1886 a telegraph line ran from Novgorodka to Bezhanitsy. Telephone communication first appeared in 1910. In 1912, the first telephone exchange with 10 numbers was installed, which made it possible to have constant communication with five villages. During the First World War, all communication lines were destroyed. In 1912, in the Holy Mountains, kerosene lamps were used for the first time to illuminate streets (lanterns hung at the house of the volost government, at the tavern and shops; electricity appeared after the October Revolution of 1917). It was built in 1916 railway line-, and 2 km from the settlement of Tobolenets the Trigorskaya railway station appeared (destroyed by the Germans in 1942).

As part of the USSR

Interwar years

Soviet power on the territory of the Voronets volost was established in March 1918; The leading role in this was played by the Bolshevik workers D. A. Alekseev from the Izhora plant and V. E. Egorov from the Stary Lessner plant, who arrived from the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b).

In the first years after the October Revolution, the Tobolenets settlement continued to be part of the Opochetsky district of the Pskov province, being the administrative center of the Voronets volost. On April 10, 1924, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, a new Pushkinskaya volost was created from the Voronets volost and parts of the Polyanskaya and Matyushkinskaya volosts; its center - the settlement of Tobolenets - was renamed the village by a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on May 25, 1925 Pushkinskie Gory. However, on August 1, 1927, the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee came into force, according to which, as part of the administrative-territorial reform carried out in the USSR (which provided for the elimination of the division into provinces and districts), the Pskov province, Opochetsky district, and Pushkin volost were abolished. The village became part of the newly formed Pskov Okrug and became the administrative center of the Pushkinsky District (formed from the Pushkin and part of the Veleisky volosts).

The new regional center received another impetus for development. In 1927, a high school named after A.S. Pushkin, the building of which had 13 rooms and was designed to educate 480 children; then a 7-year school was added to it. A new hospital (later the House of Soviets), a pharmacy, and a restaurant were built near the Pushkin school. Since 1930, the newspaper “Pushkinsky Collective Farmer” began to be published in the Pushkin Mountains. There were seven streets in the village, three of which were paved and illuminated by electric lamps. In the pre-war years, Pushkin Mountains began at the monastery wall and ended at the secondary school.

The administrative division in 1927-1941 changed quite quickly: on July 23, 1930, by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Pskov District was abolished, and the Pushkinsky District began to subordinate Leningrad region directly. By a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 29, 1935, the Kalinin region was formed, to which the Pushkin district was transferred, and on February 5 of the same year, this region and 10 more districts in the western part of the newly formed region were united into the Velikoluksky district. On May 11, 1937, by a new resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Opochetsky border district was created, which included the Pushkinsky district, renamed the Pushkinogorsky district. Finally, on February 5, 1941, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, this district was abolished, and the Pushkinogorsky district became directly subordinate to the Kalinin region.

Years of the Great Patriotic War

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the time of difficult trials came for the residents of Pushkinogorsk. Already on July 3, 1941, the first bombs were dropped on the Pushkin Mountains (the Svyatogorsk Monastery was badly damaged: the dome of the cathedral was smashed to the ground). From July 5, 1941, intense defensive battles unfolded in the Pushkinogorsk direction. The 181st Rifle Division held back the onslaught of the 8th Panzerwaffe Panzer Division for several days near Krasny, Platishin and Velje.

From July 8, 1941 to east coast The Velikaya River in the Pushkin Mountains section was defended by the 24th Rifle Corps of Major General K.M. Kachanov. On July 9-10, the village passed from hand to hand during fierce battles. On July 10-11, 1941, one of the first successful counterattacks of the Red Army took place here, during which the village was liberated and the 8th Wehrmacht Panzer Division was driven across the Velikaya River. The 24th Rifle Corps in the Pushkin Mountains region successfully held the defense until July 17, when it was surrounded by superior enemy forces between the Sorotya River and the Novorzhev Highway. On July 17, 1941, Soviet troops left the village of Pushkinskiye Gory, leaving to break out of the encirclement.

The dark days of the occupation began, lasting three years; the commandant's office was now located in the school building and policemen lived, the Gestapo was located in the hospital building, and a prison was located in the House of Culture. More than once in the Pushkin Mountains, the occupiers and their accomplices carried out executions of partisans who were active in the territory of the Pushkin Mountains throughout the entire period of occupation; A terrible page in the history of the village was the extermination of the Gypsies living in the area (83 Gypsies, including infants, were shot by the Nazis). The suffering of the people was aggravated by the typhoid fever epidemic that decimated the Pushkinogorsk residents during the years of occupation.

At the beginning of 1944, the front line came close to the Pushkin Mountains, but the advance of the Soviet troops was held back by the fascist Panther defensive line, stretching from north to south for 400 kilometers. Finally, on July 12, 1944, units of the 53rd Guards Rifle Division of Major General I. I. Burlakin and the 321st Rifle Division of Colonel V. K. Chesnokov, operating as part of the 54 Army of the 3 Baltic Front, during Rezhitsko -The village of Pushkinskie Gory was liberated during the Dvina offensive operation.

By the time of liberation, the village was almost completely destroyed; The high school building survived because the occupiers did not have time to detonate a landmine planted under it. Gradually, the Pushkin Mountains were rebuilt, and this process was accompanied by work to clear mines from the village and its environs for several years.

On August 23, 1944, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Pskov region was formed, which included the village of Pushkinskie Gory and the Pushkinogorsky district.

Post-war years

By decision of the Pskov Regional Executive Committee No. 87 of February 29, 1960, the settlement of Pushkinskie Gory was classified as a working settlement, thereby receiving the status of an urban-type settlement. The Pushkinsky village council was transformed into a village council. Moreover, from February 1, 1963 to December 30, 1966, Pushkinskie Gory was not a regional center (since the Pushkinogorsky district was temporarily abolished) and was part of the Novorzhevsky district of the Pskov region.

On September 25, 1971, next to the building of the secondary school named after A. S. Pushkin, a bust of the young poet by sculptor M. K. Anikushin was solemnly unveiled.

In February 2005, a municipal entity was formed - urban settlement "Pushkin Mountains", the status and boundaries of which were determined by the Law of the Pskov Region of February 28, 2005 No. 420-OZ “On the establishment of boundaries and the status of newly formed municipalities in the territory of the Pskov Region.” At the same time, the village became the administrative center of the Pushkinogorsk volost.

At a referendum on October 11, 2009, residents of the urban settlement “Pushkinskiye Gory”, as well as the Pushkinogorsk and Zaretskaya volosts, spoke in favor of merging them into one municipal unit - the urban settlement “Pushkinogorye”. In accordance with the results of the referendum on June 3, 2010, the three mentioned municipalities were merged into a new municipality by Law of the Pskov Region No. 984-OZ - urban settlement "Pushkinogorye"..

Climate

The climate is transitional from marine to continental.

Climate of the Pushkin Mountains (norm 1981-2010)
Index	Jan.	Feb.	March	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Year
Average temperature, °C	−5,3	−5,6	−0,7	6,3	12,3	15,6	17,9	16,4	11,0	5,9	−0,2	−4,1	5,8
Precipitation rate, mm	52	39	40	35	56	86	76	84	69	62	54	52	705
Source: FSBI "VNIIGMI-MTsD"

Population

Population
1939	1959	1970	1979	1989	2001	2002
1672	↗ 2412	↗ 3667	↗ 5311	↗ 6753	↘ 6500	↘ 6089
2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
↘ 6035	↘ 5914	↘ 5796	↘ 5608	↘ 5447	↘ 5359	↘ 5222
2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
↘ 5207	↘ 5068	↘ 4978	↘ 4859	↘ 4741	↘ 4699	↘ 4621
2018	2019
↘ 4570	↘ 4509

Economy

The most significant enterprises of the Pushkin Mountains are the Pushkinogorsk Butter and Cheese Factory CJSC, the regional consumer society, the Pushkinogorskaya PMK CJSC, the Stroitel OJSC, the recreation and recreation institution Pushkinogorye. In addition, a bakery, two road organizations, a printing house operate in the village, and a municipal housing and communal services enterprise operates steadily.

The State Memorial Historical-Literary and Natural-Landscape Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye” is also an economically important enterprise.

Culture

There is a Cultural and Leisure Center (8 branches) in Pushkinskiye Gory; central district library (13 branches) with a methodological center; children's art school named after. S. S. Geichenko.

The most outstanding creative team of Pushkin Mountains is Russian song choir, under the leadership of M. E. Fedorova. The choir has existed for more than thirty years, conducts active concert activities, and performs in the district and region. In 2005, the choir took part in the all-Russian holiday - Pushkin Day in Russia. In 2006, the director of the choir was awarded the honorary title “Soul of the Pskov Land”.

The largest cultural events of the Pushkin Mountains are held annually:

Pushkin Poetry Festival/Svyatogorsk Fair (first Sunday in June);
Day of liberation of the region from Nazi invaders (July 12)
Regional theatrical festival “Russian Winter”
All-Russian folklore festival “Pskov Pearls” (2nd ten days of July)
All-Russian Pushkin Theater Festival (February)
International informal Pushkin theater festival “Laboratory of Arts Kordon-2” (1st week of August)

Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery

Attractions

In the Pushkinogorsky district there is the state memorial historical-literary and natural-landscape museum-reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye”, which includes the Mikhailovskoye estates (the poet’s place of exile in 1824-1826), Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye, museums “ Pushkin village" And " Water Mill"in the village of Bugrovo, the settlements of Voronich, Vrev, Velye and Savkina Gorka, as well as the burial place of the poet. The reserve annually hosts the Pushkin Poetry Festival.
Temple of Our Lady of Kazan(1765). Konovnitsyn is considered its temple builder.
In 2000, on the western outskirts of the Pushkin Mountains, the Argus bird nursery was created (in Latin this is the name of one of the most beautiful views pheasants, and in ancient Greek mythology - the thousand-eyed and vigilant guard). In 2010, the name was changed to the Zoograd ecopark.
12 km from the Pushkin Mountains is the former estate of the Lvovs Altun. A. I. Lvov, who was in 1823-1826. leader of the Pskov provincial nobility, exercised general supervision over the exiled A.S. Pushkin. The layout of the park and several manor buildings have been preserved. In 2008, reconstruction of the estate began, the park was put in order, the pond and the remaining buildings were cleaned and beautified. On the site of the former estate, the Altun Estate hotel is located, and in the premises of the restored barn there is the restaurant “Barn under the Oaks”.

Every year, the sights of the Pushkin Mountains and the surrounding area are visited by more than 300 thousand tourists and excursionists. To accommodate guests of the Pushkin Mountains, there is the Druzhba Hotel, the Pushkinogorye tourist base and the Altun Estate Hotel, which opened in October 2011 (12 km from the Pushkin Mountains).

Lake Kamenets at the entrance to the Pushkin Mountains

Notable natives

Sukhodolsky, Mikhail Igorevich (1965) - Colonel General of Police, former First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia, former head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

Notes

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THE USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the union republics on January 1, 1980 / Comp. V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Evseeva. - M.: Izvestia, 1980. - 702 p.- P. 203.
Pushkinskie Gory (undefined) . // Informational portal « Reserved Russia» . Retrieved November 1, 2015.
Savygin, 1978, p. 34-35, 47.
Sofia, 2004, p. 110-111.
Pushkin Mountains. Story (undefined) . // Website "Pushkinogorye". Retrieved October 26, 2015.
Savygin, 1978, p. 42-43.
Sofia, 2004, p. 128-129.
Savygin, 1978, p. 37, 41-42.
Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 10.
Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 15-16.
Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 10-11.
Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 16-19.
Savygin, 1978, p. 44-45, 54.
Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery (undefined) (unavailable link). // Website of the State Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye”. Retrieved October 26, 2015. Archived July 5, 2016.
Sofia, 2004, p. 207-209.
Savygin, 1978, p. 70.
Savygin, 1978, p. 76-77.
Sofia, 2004, p. 142.
Savygin, 1978, p. 79-80.
Savygin, 1978, p. 83.
Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 37, 98.
Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 23-27.
Savygin, 1978, p. 88-89.
Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region, 2002, p. 14-15, 98.
Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 28-31.
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Savygin, 1978, p. 98-102, 106.
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Manakov, Evdokimov, Grigorieva, 2010, p. 36-37.
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Results of voting at the referendum on October 11, 2009 on the issue of merging municipalities in the Pushkinogorsky district (undefined) . // Website of the Election Commission of the Pskov Region
Pskov region. Law of June 3, 2010 No. 984-OZ “On amendments to the Law of the Pskov Region “On the establishment of boundaries and the status of newly formed municipalities in the territory of the Pskov Region” and the Law of the Pskov Region “On the transformation of municipalities of the Pskov Region”” (undefined) . // Website "Pravo.ru". Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Law of the Pskov Region “On the establishment of boundaries and the status of newly formed municipalities on the territory of the Pskov Region.” Amendments dated 06/03/2010 No. 984-OZ (undefined) . // Portal “Regulatory legal acts Russian Federation» Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
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All-Union Population Census of 1959. The size of the rural population of the RSFSR - rural residents settlements- district centers by gender
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All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more (undefined) . Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
The size of the resident population by district of the Pskov region as of January 1 for 2004 - 2010 (data recalculated from the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census) (undefined) . Retrieved September 26, 2019.
The number of permanent population of municipalities of the Pskov region according to the final results of the All-Russian Population Census of 2010 (undefined) . Retrieved November 25, 2014. Archived November 25, 2014.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 (undefined) . Retrieved August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (Russian)(July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
Estimation of the resident population in municipalities of the Pskov region as of January 1, 2018 (undefined) . Retrieved March 29, 2018.

Literature

Administrative-territorial division of the Pskov region (1917-2000): Directory. 2nd ed. Book 1 / Archival department of the Pskov region; State archive of the Pskov region. - Pskov, 2002. - 464 p. - ISBN 5-94542-031-X. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
Manakov A. G., Evdokimov S. I., Grigorieva N. V. Western borderlands of Russia: geographical aspects of the formation and development of the Pskov region. - Pskov: Publishing house ANO "Logos", 2010. - 216 p. - ISBN 978-5-93066-058-4.
Ostrogorsky V. P. Album “Pushkin Corner”: 26.V.1799 - 26.V.1899. - M.: Publishing house of artistic phototypes by K. A. Fisher, 1899. - 119 p.
Pisigin V.F. Two roads: travel essays about France and the Pushkin Mountains. - M.: EPICentr, 1999. - 270 p. - ISBN 5–89069–006–X.
Savygin A. M. Pushkin Mountains. - L.: Lenizdat, 1978. - 152 p. - (Cities of the Pskov region). - 150,000 copies.(region)
Savygin A. M. Pushkin Mountains. 2nd ed., add. - L.: Lenizdat, 1982. - 128, p. - (Cities of the Pskov region). - 100,000 copies.(region)
Savygin A. M. Pushkin Mountains. 3rd ed., add. - L.: Lenizdat, 1989. - 176, p. - ISBN 5-289-00342-8.
Sofiysky L. I. The city of Opochka and its district in the past and present (1414-1914): Reprint edition. - Pskov: Pskovsk. region printing house, 2004. - 230 p. - ISBN 5-94542-092-1. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Archived copy from March 6, 2016 on the Wayback Machine
Terentyev V.O. Nine days of 1941 (From the history of the defense of the Selikhnovsky bridge on the Pushkinogorsk direction, July 8-17, 1941). - St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2008. 82 p.

Links

Website “Vrev and historical surroundings”: Guide to the Pushkin Mountains
Pushkin Mountains. Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye”
From the history of Trigorskaya station on the Pskov Railways website
List of monuments cultural heritage village Pushkinskie Gory in Wikivoyage

Museum-reserve dedicated to A.S. Pushkin, under the name "Mikhailovskoye" was created in 1922 by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars, and is maintained by the state. This most interesting monument culture and art on a national scale. It presents famous places associated with the work and life of the poet, such as Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye, Saints, which were glorified and described in his works.

The reserve consists of: the Mikhailovskoye museum-estate, a property that belonged to A.S.’s mother. Pushkin Museum-Estate "Trigorskoye" - estates that belonged to the poet's friends; Museum-Estate "Petrovskoye" - once belonged to the writer's great-grandfather. It also includes the “Mill in the village of Bugrovo” - a museum with a water mill and the “Pushkin Village” - a museum in the village of Bugrovo, which houses an example of a village from Pushkin’s times. Attention should be paid to the grave of A.S. located in the Svyatogorsk Monastery. Pushkin and the storage facility located in the scientific and cultural center, ongoing exhibitions in halls with 500 and 100 seats. More than seventy monuments are located on the territory of the Pushkin Nature Reserve; they are of great importance for history and culture.

Sorot River

The Sorot River flows through the territory of the Pskov region. Starting from Lake Mikhalkinskoye, Sorot slowly carries its calm, quiet waters along a bizarrely winding bed for eighty kilometers until it flows into the Velikaya River.

The name of the river comes from the ancient Slavic word “sor” - spring, and today its banks abound with the purest springs with excellent drinking water. The width of the river in the middle reaches is slightly less than thirty meters. Sorot was once navigable, but those days are long gone. Along the river there are many small ancient villages with funny names - Zimari, Slepni, Zhabkino, Sobolitsy.

But the Sorot River is known primarily for the fact that on its banks there are estates closely associated with the name of Alexander Pushkin - Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye. At Mikhailovskoye the river overflows, forming two lakes. The estate building is visible from the river. When it was restored in 1946 after being devastated by the Nazis, centuries-old pine trees were floated here along the Soroti for construction.

What sights of the Pushkin Mountains did you like? Next to the photo there are icons, by clicking on which you can rate a particular place.

Spruce Alley

Spruce Alley is located in the Pushkin Mountains in Mikhailovsky Park, which was laid out by the poet’s grandfather at the end of the 18th century.

A wide spruce alley, which once served as the entrance to the estate, runs through the entire park. In the alley you can see several preserved two-hundred-year-old Hannibal trees.

In 1947, in place of the lost trees, the reserve staff planted new ones, which had already grown noticeably. At the end of the alley you can see the restored Hannibal-Pushkin family chapel.

Walking through the Mikhailovskoye Museum-Reserve in the Pushkin Mountains, you can’t help but come across a small island that local residents is called nothing more than “Island of Solitude”.

There is a bench on the island, sitting on which you can reflect on life or fantasize about those distant times when one of the best poets of Russia, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, walked through this park.

The Mikhailovskoye Museum-Reserve was founded on March 17, 1922. Besides excellent park, in Mikhailovskoye you can visit the museum “Mill in the village of Bugrovo” and the Holy Dormition Monastery.

Sculpture of Pushkin

Not far from the pond in Mikhailovsky there is a sculpture of the young Pushkin, a modern work. The author depicted the young Pushkin reclining in the grass, and made the sculpture in bronze.

Lake Kuchane

Externally, Lake Kuchane does not stand out in any way among the many reservoirs of the Sorota Lowland; there are more beautiful, majestic and picturesque ones here. But the word “Kuchane” evokes sacred awe in people when the conversation turns to Pushkin’s places. On its banks are Mikhailovskoye, Petrovskoye, Trigorskoye. It was this that the great poet admired from the windows of his house. Its area is 1.7 square kilometers, the average depth is 2.4 meters, and the greatest is 3.5 meters.

The lake has low banks, very silted and swampy. In the 1970s, cleanup work was carried out on it. It is part of the protected zone of the Pushkin Museum-Reserve.

Common species of fish that can be found here: pike, bream, roach, ruffe, perch and crucian carp.

The grave of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Once in the village of Pushkin Mountains, you cannot ignore the Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery, near the walls of which is the grave of the famous Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

Alexander Pushkin died tragically on January 29, 1837. After the funeral service in St. Petersburg St. Isaac's Cathedral, the coffin with Pushkin's body was sent to the Pskov region, where it was buried next to his mother. Four years later, by order of the widow Natalya Pushkina, a tombstone by sculptor Alexander Permagorov was installed on the grave.

Are you interested in knowing how well you know the sights of the Pushkin Mountains? .

Alley Kern

On both sides of the central spruce alley stretches Mikhailovsky Park, grown by grandfather A.S. Pushkin, Osip Ganibal. It is there that there is an alley of old linden trees, known as “Kern Alley,” where, according to legend, the famous lines of the great work “I remember a wonderful moment...” were born.

If you decide to walk along Spruce Alley, you will see a path leading to the right, which will lead you to the Black Hannibal Pond. It is surrounded on all sides by a wall of trees in which herons nest. And the path leading to the left will lead you straight to one of the main wonders - the linden alley - Kern Alley.

Anna Petrovna Kern visited relatives in Trigorskoye in 1825. The very next day, Pushkin read Kern a copy of the second chapter from Onegin, and in the uncut sheets, Anna found a folded sheet of paper with verses: “I remember a wonderful moment...”

The most popular attractions in the Pushkin Mountains with descriptions and photographs for every taste. Choose best places to visit famous places of the Pushkin Mountains on our website.

More attractions of the Pushkin Mountains

The Pushkin Museum-Reserve is located 120 km from Pskov in picturesque village Mikhailovskoe. The memorial site, known as the Pushkin Mountains, includes two estates of the Pushkin family (Petrovskoye and Mikhailovskoye). Nearby is also the estate of Alexander Sergeevich's friends - Trigorskoye. The young poet first visited Mikhailovsky in 1817, which he wrote about in his memoirs. From 1824 to 1826, Pushkin was sent into exile and was forced to stay in the village for his “passion for atheistic teachings.”

At that time, the house of Pushkin’s mother Nadezhda Osipovna was not distinguished by rich decoration - cold and poverty reigned all around. The creator of the “Russian literary language” himself called his manor house “a poor hut. Contrary to this, the first “Mikhailovsky” autumn became very productive for the poet. Pushkin read a lot, philosophized, visited friends, in particular P. A. Osipova at the Trigorsk estate, in order to use her private library.

On the territory of the reserve there is also the Svyatogorsk Monastery, where the great creator found his peace.

On the road from the Mikhailovsky estate to the Svyatogorsky monastery there is another attraction of Pushkin’s times - “The Mill in the Village of Bugrovo”.

On special days in Bugrovo they launch a water wheel and millstones so that every visitor can take freshly ground flour with them as a souvenir. Across the Lugovka River, on which the mill is located, there is another historical monument “Pushkin Village”, which is the only openly located museum of wooden architecture in the region.

Mikhailovskoye and Trigorskoye are separated by Savkina Gorka, where A.S. Pushkin wanted to purchase land to build a summer house. On the hill there is a reconstructed wooden chapel of those times and a 16th-century cross in memory of the soldiers buried in the mass grave.

Three important estates in Pushkin’s life are today part of the State Museum-Reserve. total area The historical and cultural heritage of the Pushkins is 9800 hectares. The reserve includes a scientific center, the grave and crypt of the Hannibal-Pushkin family, memorial squares and estates Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye and Mikhailovskoye, estates and houses of the poet’s neighbors, as well as five lakes and a special “water” museum - “The Mill in the Village of Bugrovo”.

Mikhailovskoye (Museum-Reserve)

The Mikhailovskoye Museum-Reserve was the estate of the Pushkin family 50 years before the birth of the poet. The historical heritage site is located in the Pushkinogorsky district of the Pskov region. The first owner of the estate was Alexander Sergeevich’s great-grandfather, Abram Petrovich Hannibal. In 1742, at the salary of Elizabeth I, Abram Petrovich, who rose to the rank of chief general, received land in the Voronetsky district of the Pskov province. The next owner of Mikhailovsky was Pushkin’s mother, Nadezhda Osipovna Hannibal.

Alley Kern

Pushkin spent two years in exile on the family estate (1824-1826). After his release, he returned two months later as a free subject. In subsequent years, Alexander Sergeevich often came to his native walls to take a break from the hustle and bustle, to write freely and freely.

The estate came into state ownership in 1899 in honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the great poet. The first museum named after A.S. Pushkin was opened in 1911.

The same oak from Lukomorye

All buildings located on the territory of the Mikhailovskoye village were restored twice: the first time after the fire of 1918, the estate was rebuilt in 1937, the second time restoration was needed after World War II.

The Pushkin House Museum, Nanny's House and Kitchen are available for visiting.

The interior of the rooms, in particular the poet's office, was restored to its original appearance. The exhibition is decorated with authentic items from those times. For example, in the office on the table there is a stone on which, according to legend, Anna Kern (niece of Praskovya Osipova) tripped, to whom Alexander Pushkin dedicated his poem “I Remember a Wonderful Moment...”. Old legends emanate from all the museum exhibits, which restorers and historians collected literally bit by bit.

Every year on the island of Solitude ( favorite place poet) the All-Russian holiday of Pushkin's poetry is held. Guests and actors remember their favorite works, admire Pushkin’s talent, and read excerpts from Eugene Onegin.

Petrovskoye (Museum-Reserve)

The village of Kuchane (later Petrovskoye) and the adjacent territories (Mikhailovskoye) were granted to Abram Petrovich Hannibal by decree of Catherine I in 1742. The first building of the new owner was a small house, which is now included in the exhibition called “A.P.’s house.” Hannibal." The rebuilt estate was inherited by Abram's son and Pushkin's grandfather on his cousin's side, Pyotr Abramovich. The last representative of the Hannibal family, who owned a land plot located on Mikhailovskaya Bay in Voronetsky district, was the poet’s cousin, Veniamin Petrovich.

In 1839, the estate came under the control of people outside the Pushkin family. The owner's house and outbuildings were not preserved in their original form, since in 1918 the estate was burned down by rebellious peasants. Only Petrovsky Park remained intact, which is an example of Russian gardening art of the 18th century.

In 1936, Petrovskoye became part of the Pushkin Museum-Reserve. The buildings and interior of those times were restored according to historical information in 1976. House of A.P. Hannibal was rebuilt a little later - in 2000. When visiting the museum-reserve, tourists have the opportunity to get acquainted with the life of the great poet’s family at its very beginnings. Unfortunately, most of the things of the first owner could not be restored. Architects and historians recreated the decoration of the rooms based on photographs and typological features of those times.

The museum complex includes two buildings - the houses of the poet's great-grandfather and uncle - and a park with bordered linden alleys. Two ancient elms and linden trees that grow on the territory of Petrovsky Park are the last “eyewitnesses” of Hannibal’s estate.

Trigorskoye (Museum-Reserve)

The Trigorsk estate was owned by the heiress and granddaughter of the Shlisselburg commandant M.D. Vyndomsky - Praskovya Osipova-Wulf. The estate on Yegoryevskaya Bay was granted to Praskovya’s grandfather in 1762 by decree of Catherine II. The Osipov family maintained friendly ties with the Hannibal-Pushkin family. Alexander Sergeevich himself, who became friends with the Osipovs during Mikhailov’s exile, the Slavophile Nikolai Yazykov, and Praskovya’s nieces Anna Wulf and Anna Kern often visited the walls of the house.

Trigorskoye, along with other estates on the Pushkin Hills, was burned in 1918. Restoration work began only in the post-war years: the manor house was reconstructed in 1962, the bathhouse and garden house where A.S. spent a lot of time. Pushkin, - in 1978.

Trigorsky's exposition is supplemented with memorabilia of those times. Around the estate there is a park with an area of 37 hectares with an orchard, well-groomed alleys and places memorable for any connoisseur of Pushkin’s poetry, such as the “Secluded Oak”, “El-Tent”, “Onegin’s Bench”, “Tatyana’s Alley” and the open “Dance” lined with linden trees. hall".

El-Shater

Solitary oak

The most memorable place in Trigorskoye - sundial, the dial of which is oak trees planted in a circle.

Svyatogorsk Monastery

Svyatogorsk male Orthodox monastery is memorial place Pskov region (urban village Pushkinskiye Gory, 120 km from Pskov). The founder of the shrine, which appeared in the 16th century, was Ivan IV the Terrible. According to unconfirmed reports, the main attraction of the holy monastery - the icon of the Mother of God Hodegetria - was discovered at the site of the future building by a local shepherd in 1566.

Alexander Pushkin often came to the walls of the temple to talk with the monks and visit the monastery fairs. The Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery is mentioned as the tomb of the Hannibal-Pushkin family. In 1837, Alexander Sergeevich himself was interred in the family tomb.

During World War II, the façade of the building was destroyed and some rooms were mined. The monastery walls were restored by 1949. For 68 years (1924-1992) the monastery was closed, partially used as an exhibition and administrative branch of the Pushkin Museum (1949-1992). On this moment The shrine is under state protection as an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation.

Victor Shilov. Svyatogorsk Monastery

Located 112 km southeast of Pskov, 57 km southeast of the Ostrov railway station (on the Pskov - Rezekne line).

Story: founded in the 16th century as the Tobolenets settlement (named after the name of the lake) at the Svyatogorsk monastery.

In the 19th century, the settlement of Tobolenets was a modest volost center with its own government, fire brigade, small hospital, almshouse and reading room. The volost administration was located on Mount Volostnoy (today known as Mount Sunset). The fire station stood in the center of the settlement, opposite it on the hill there was a hospital. Below there were shops and a tavern, closer to the monastery - the houses of merchants and priests. In addition to the Svyatogorsk Monastery, there were three churches and two chapels. In the early 1830s, A.I. Raevsky opened the first free school in the settlement, where 30 children studied. In the 1840s, the Ministry of State Property founded its own school here, and in 1884 a school was opened at the monastery, in which 40 boys studied. At the beginning of the 20th century, twenty primary schools in the village and one five-grade school.

In 1877, a post office was opened in the settlement, and in 1886 a telegraph line ran from Novgorodka to Bezhanitsy. Telephone communication first appeared in 1910. In 1912, the first telephone exchange with 10 numbers was installed, which made it possible to have constant communication with Opochka and five villages. During the First World War, all communication lines were destroyed. In 1912, kerosene lamps were used for street lighting for the first time in the Holy Mountains. Lanterns hung near the house of the volost government, near the tavern and shops. Electricity appeared during the years of Soviet power.

On May 25, 1925, a special resolution was adopted by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee: “To rename the village of Tobolenets, the center of the Pushkin volost of the Pskov province, into the village of Pushkinskie Gory.” Two years later, the village became the center of a district formed as part of the Pskov district of the Leningrad region by a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated August 1, 1927 under the name Pushkinsky from Pushkin and part of the Veleiskaya volost of Opochetsky district. The area was called Pushkinsky until 1936. On May 11, 1937, the district was transferred from Velikoluksky to Opochetsky and began to be called Pushkinogorsky.

The new regional center began to develop in a new way. In 1927, a secondary school named after. A. S. Pushkin, the building had 13 rooms and was designed to educate 480 children. A new hospital was built near the school, soon the House of Soviets, a pharmacy, and a restaurant. There were seven streets in the village, three of which were paved and illuminated by electric lamps. In the pre-war years, Pushkin Mountains began at the monastery wall and ended at the secondary school.

On August 23, 1944, when the Pskov region was formed, the region, the center of which was the Pushkin Mountains, was included in its composition.

From February 1, 1963, for four years, Pushkinskie Gory was not a district center, since the district did not exist as an administrative unit and was part of the Novorzhevsky district. The Pushkinogorsky district was restored on December 30, 1966.

Until 1942, the Trigorskaya railway station on the Pskov - Polotsk line operated near the village. It was destroyed by the Germans.

Population: The population in 2010 was 5222 people.

N The most significant enterprises of the Pushkin Mountains:

- CJSC "Pushkinogorsk Butter and Cheese Factory"
- CJSC "Pushkinogorskaya PMK"
- JSC "Stroitel",
- recreation and recreation institution “Pushkinogorye”

In addition, the village has a flax factory, a bakery, two road organizations, and a printing house; The municipal housing and communal services enterprise operates steadily.

The State Memorial Historical-Literary and Natural-Landscape Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye” is also an economically important enterprise.

Attractions: in the Pushkinogorsky district there is the state memorial historical, literary and natural landscape museum-reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye”, which includes the villages of Mikhailovskoye (the place of the poet’s exile in 1824-1826), Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye; museums "Pushkin Village" and "Water Mill" in the village of Bugrovo; the settlements of Voronich, Vrev, Velye and Savkina Gorka, as well as the Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition Monastery - the burial place of the poet. The reserve annually hosts the Pushkin Poetry Festival.

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