Emelyanov B.V. Guided tour. Individual excursion text How to start an excursion examples

4. organization of the inspection

5. availability of a route

TO features museum excursions should include greater mobility and frequent changes in topics and routes due to the constant development of the exhibition (introduction of new topics, exhibits, partial reexpositions, etc.). The museum tour is limited by the space of the exhibition room. The guide cannot pause during the excursion; its ability to relax and prepare the group to perceive new material is limited. Often, exhibits that appear before tourists in variety and multitude scatter the group’s attention, and the guide has to put a lot of skill and effort into organizing and directing the audience’s attention to the desired exhibit.

All of the above should be taken into account when preparing and conducting a tour of the museum.

Depending on the breadth of the topic and the depth of its disclosure, excursions are divided into overview and thematic. Also in some cases there are cyclic excursions.

The most common type of excursion is sightseeing tour .

Its purpose is to give the visitor a general idea of the museum, its collections, and the exhibition as a whole.

Thematic excursion is a tour of one specific topic. It sets the task of a complete and deep disclosure of the topic while using the maximum of relevant material presented in the exhibition.

Thematic excursions are not possible in all non-state museums. Their presence depends on the profile of the museum, the nature of its main theme, exhibition space, the number of sections and topics, and most importantly, on the variety and richness of museum material.

Cycle excursions For non-state museums, this is a rare phenomenon, since they require combining excursions with a single theme, working with the same group of visitors in a certain sequence for a certain time.

II. Preparing a museum excursion

1. The beginning of work on a new excursion is determination of the topic, purpose, range of issues that need to be covered.

All these components of the initial stage of work depend, first of all, on the profile of the museum, the collections that are presented in the exhibition, as well as the demand of visitors.

IV. Guided tour methodology

The main methods and techniques for conducting an excursion are outlined in the process of developing its content. However, they receive specific forms and a complete character only after special testing at the exhibition, in conditions as close as possible to an excursion. The guide must, in practice, choose the most successful methodological techniques for a given exhibition.

The following are distinguished: general techniques conducting the excursion:

2. story

In practice, they all act in interconnection, ultimately forming a single excursion method. Its main requirement is an organic connection between the show and the story, but, as a rule, in the process of conducting an excursion, the show precedes the story. Displaying an exhibit is not a simple demonstration of an object. Each material presented in the exhibition carries certain information and plays a certain role. The guide’s task is to convey this to the tourists.

When conducting a specific excursion, show and tell methods are implemented through a number of techniques, such as:

1. verbal or mental reconstruction (recreation of an event based on the materials presented in the exhibition)

2. comparison

3. quoting the exhibited documents (the excerpts read out should be skillfully combined with the display of the exhibit itself, helping to reveal the topic)

Conversation is an integral part of any excursion. First of all, these are the introductory and final parts of the excursion, which were discussed above. Separate elements of the conversation are introduced into the main part of the excursion, having thought through questions for the excursionists in advance.

In addition to showing, telling and talking, which form the basis of the excursion methodology, additional techniques are often used in museum excursions: listening to sound recordings of the memories of participants in the events discussed in the excursion, watching videos, filmstrips, etc. It should be noted that resorting to such methods should be used only in cases where this material is bright, emotional, and rich in information. The duration of such “inserts” should not exceed 4-5 minutes. Otherwise, the attention of tourists will be scattered, and interest in continuing the excursion will decrease.

For a more complete disclosure of the topic, with a small number of exhibits, you can resort to the use of additional, auxiliary material not included in the exhibition: photographs, reproductions, copies, diagrams, maps, drawings, etc. (the so-called “tour guide’s briefcase”).

V. Some rules for conducting an excursion

The success of the excursion depends on many factors. The guide is required to:

Knowledge of the material

Correct speech

Impeccable look

Ability to establish contact with a group, etc.

During the excursion, the guide must arrange the group in such a way that the excursionists, without exception, can see the exhibition material with which this moment work is underway. The guide's place is between the group (1.5 m from it) and the stand. When showing this or that material with a pointer (unless a document is being read out or certain features of the exhibit are indicated), the guide should be addressed to the group and observe its reaction. The guide's indifference to the behavior of the audience, as well as his display of a bad mood, are not acceptable. The guide is a kind of actor. And how he prepares his role and plays it in public largely determines the success of both the entire work of preparing the excursion and conducting it for a specific excursion group.

VI. Improving the excursion

Before going out with a prepared excursion to a group, the guide must present it to a more experienced and knowledgeable employee for audition, and then the excursion is officially accepted by a commission, which may include representatives of the museum administration, staff members, and members of the Museum Council.

But even after the commission accepts the excursion, the work on it is not considered completed.

It is necessary to continue studying the chosen topic - get acquainted with new publications, clarify information about the exhibits, listen to tours of other guides, analyze the reaction of visitors.

This will make it possible to constantly improve the excursion, make it more relevant and attractive for tourists, and, consequently, increase interest in the museum as a whole.

Working with tourists (continued)

Always weigh what you say carefully. Use reputable sources, double-check the information several times. Even if incorrect information occurs frequently, this does not make it correct and there is no need to tell it to tourists. Preferred sources of information are scientific lectures, specialized museum publications, local history magazines, and books written by historians. Television, newspapers, magazines, the Internet are on last place, because unverified or distorted information prevails there.

You can read what the “excursion”, created from stories, fiction, TV shows and modern books, turns into here:
" Night excursions are one of the favorite summer entertainments for bored citizens and curious guests of the capital, which was confirmed by the sold-out last night. Yours truly couldn’t help but poke his nose into this industry, grabbing a notebook for pearl barley) I highlight nonsense italics, I’m commenting offtopic. As we were leaving Sukharevskaya, the first to suffer from the guide’s imagination was the Sukharevskaya Tower that had previously stood there:

When building a story, do not forget that in the group there are people who perceive information differently: the majority, of course, are visual learners, but there are also kinesthetic and auditory learners. Therefore, when describing objects, use words that characterize not only the width and volume of the house, but also the bright color of the stained glass windows, the rustling of leaves near the house, and the unevenness of the bricks in the masonry. There are people for whom it is enough to look at the monument, and there are those who need to touch and feel it to get to know the object.

The guide only conveys information taken from trusted sources. He does not express his own opinion, much less impose it. People go to relax, to learn something new, but not to receive moral instruction or initiation into any religion. There should be no pressure or aggression in the tone of the conversation. People feel this and then the trip turns into torture, into the imposition of an opinion.

“As a professional historian, I know perfectly well how to captivate an audience with interesting stories on historical topics. For my lectures, I prepared dozens of examples so that the recorded lecture would not be too “dry” and academic, so that the listeners would be interested. Here it is not at all necessary prepare material at the lecture level. It is enough to know the basic facts and spin stories on this topic, fortunately there are more than enough of them.
This is what happens abroad. Besides the fact that the general level of knowledge of guides is an order of magnitude higher than in Moscow travel agencies, no one tries to teach tourists about life, preach to them their religious views and political views. Perhaps this is due to the fact that a slightly different contingent goes on excursions there. Although I can’t say that local routes are ridden by people who have never seen anything in their lives or been abroad. But why is the level of “export” guides so much higher than the level of “homegrown” ones?
We rode back without a guide, avoiding a rather boring lecture about his religious views mixed with leavened patriotism. And I don’t envy the part of the group with whom he stayed, despite the fact that they had the opportunity to just walk around this incredible city...."

Tell the story in an interesting, expressive, exciting way:
"...we were taken on an excursion to Lomonosov. The guide spoke so boringly that I wanted to hang myself! It's just torture."
“...during the guide’s story about the defense and surrender of Odessa, the men cried (they actually wiped away their tears)”

If you are going to lead a tour of the temple, you need to obtain permission (blessing) from the priest in advance. If you receive it, do not forget that the story must be told in a relatively quiet voice, without disturbing the believers in the temple. A loud voice is inappropriate in a temple. It is also worth remembering that they do not stand with their backs to the altar or icons. You can stand sideways to them or slightly to the side, forming a triangle with the group.

The story should be interesting, comprehensive and not turn into a dry description of facts. For example, you drive past an enterprise, a TV tower, Mosfilm, botanical garden- tell us what interesting excursions there are, how you can get on them, how to get here.

“Yes, this is the problem with many storytellers and tour guides: they do not always understand that their interlocutors may be interested in the reasons for unusual (illogical) technical solutions, and not just the history of creation.”

"We went on a tour of Minsk on July 25. I liked Minsk very much, but the guide Margarita did not. The tour was not educational, just dry historical facts, dates. Margarita herself was languishing in the heat and constantly complained that she felt bad."

Speak rather slowly and with expression. The pace of speech and its delivery should be such that you want to listen, so that you can remember and comprehend what you heard. Otherwise it might look like this:

"...I was simply dumbfounded. Not only did my brain not have time to digest the information, it simply did not perceive some of it :-) The guide spoke very quickly, very self-confidently, not always coherently and things that contradict school textbooks (in particular - about the education of St. Petersburg)"

"...the guide, a young girl, a student, spoke very carefully and to the point about the city and the legends of the city. At the end of the excursion there was applause on the bus, the guide and driver were somewhat embarrassed. :) And we didn’t even want to leave them"

Summarize what you saw, summarize what was said. This will help tourists better remember and understand what they saw.

“I was convinced that a guide is still needed, because he structures what he saw and heard.”

If they try to interrupt you with a question in the middle of the story, don’t pay attention. When you finish the story, you can turn to the person and ask him to repeat his question.

If during the story something sudden happens around that distracts people's attention (for example, a wedding procession, dogs, squirrels), it is worth taking a short pause and then continuing.

When building a story, speak from the general to the specific. First, tell us where we are, what surrounds us, and then proceed to describe a specific object. You cannot start the story right away with some story that happened in a certain house. People simply will not understand what kind of house we are talking about, where to look and where they are in general.

Use logical transitions. Don't jump from fact to fact. No one needs a bunch of little information. Fragmentary information is difficult to digest.

When you speak important information, give a link to the sources. Otherwise, your speech may be considered unfounded or fiction.

It is clear that after the three hundredth or thousandth time it is difficult to tell it as if it were the first time. But still, people’s opinions and the emotions they receive about the walk depend on your acting talent and inspiration.

“And most of all I remember the guides, who are included in the ticket price, and I listened to lectures from as many as three. They talk so vividly, with soul and in colors! I even started recording the last, third girl guide on a voice recorder.”

The guide is an organizer, but not a driver of people. If you work in a group all day, it would be appropriate to warn everyone before the start of the trip that at the exits you will first tell something interesting for 5-10 minutes, and then - free time. Because people are often nervous, they look at you - they worry that they won’t have time to take photos and buy souvenirs. It is important to give them time for this. Otherwise it might look like this:

“I’ve been to Kostroma once, on an excursion. I was left with a terrible impression - dog-like cold, although the rest of the boat trip was warm. The excursion was crumpled, the guide was a loud, nervous lady, she commanded a lot, told little.”

Don't keep people in one place for too long. 10 minutes is enough. Then people get distracted, worry that they won’t have time to take a photo, and in cold weather they freeze.

Don't wave your arms senselessly, watch your gestures. With your hand movements you direct the gaze of tourists, helping them not only to look, but also to see.

When interacting with people, do not wear sunglasses that are too dark. People should see your eyes, this is respect. If the sun is very bothersome, a wide-brimmed hat will help.

Depending on the position of the sun, during the story, position people so that the sun does not hit their eyes. If the weather is hot, place the group in the shade; if it is cold, on the contrary, choose a sunny place, sheltered from the wind.

If lunch is planned on the route, do not forget that the guide is the last one to sit down to eat. First, he must check all the tables - how people are seated, whether everyone has enough cutlery, what exactly was served to tourists (compare with the information from the travel agency). If you travel by bus, make sure the driver is also fed. Guides, drivers, managers dine at a separate table from tourists.

Give us the amount of information that people can absorb. There is no need to overload them with unnecessary facts, abstract topics and specific terms. Take small breaks. They are necessary for understanding and assimilation of information.

How much should a tour guide say? For example, the excursion lasts 6 hours. If this is a walk around the city, then the guide says 6 astronomical hours. If outside the city - 6 academic ones, i.e. every 45 minutes he has the right to take a break for 15 minutes. On the way back, the guide, as a rule, does not speak. Tourists are relaxing at this time, some are sleeping, some are sharing their impressions with a neighbor, some are listening to music.

Sometimes on excursions there are people who lack communication. They ask questions they don't need answers to. They need time and attention. If you have the opportunity, give it to them.

If a tourist expresses his point of view on the information provided and tells a lie, do not argue with him. Everyone has the right to make mistakes. Your task is to give knowledge, and to assimilate it is everyone’s personal job. Maybe he will learn it, maybe he won’t, it’s voluntary.

If you had a country bus excursion and are returning back, warn tourists in advance that the bus goes without intermediate stops to the starting point of the excursion. People should be informed about this in advance. Otherwise, when approaching the city by bus, there will be a procession of “walkers” to the driver and everyone will ask him to stop there. Such situations often make drivers nervous. After all, a sightseeing bus is not a taxi and the driver should not drop off groups of people here and there, slowing down, changing lanes and wasting time. The guide also monitors the travel time. At the end of the excursion, he must document the time the bus stopped when the last tourist left. Otherwise Travel Company will overpay for the duration of the bus transfer.

At the end of the tour, remind tourists that you can answer their questions. And there are usually a lot of questions.

The guide tries to make the walk interesting, filled with reliable information. Moreover, he presents it in such a way that tourists understand and remember a lot. They gain knowledge and the opportunity for further reflection and perhaps independent reading and walking. It's great when the work of one person encourages you to find interesting things in new objects.

At the end of the excursion, be sure to sum up the results - briefly tell where you visited, what you saw. Thank your colleagues for organizing the walk and tourists for their attention. This is usually followed by applause :) Your reward for a job well done.

Introduction……………………………………………………………..3

1. Subject and ideas of the excursion methodology.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion methods……5

1.2. Methodology for preparing excursions………………...8

2. Classification of methodological techniques.

2.1 Classification of methodological techniques………….14

2.2 Methodological techniques for display……………….…...17

2.3 Methodological techniques of the story………………….25

3. Special methodological techniques.

3.1.Technique for demonstrating a visual aid………35

3.2 Mastery of methodological techniques by the guide………………………………………………………..39

4. Techniques for conducting excursions.

4.1 Technique for conducting excursions………………………42

Conclusion……………………………………………………………..51

Bibliography……………..……………….…52

Introduction.

Methodology in the broad sense of the word is a set of ways to expediently carry out this or that work, solve a problem, achieve a goal, and in a narrower sense it is a set of specific methodological techniques for conducting lectures, conversations, excursions on a certain topic and for a certain group.

The methodology is divided into general and specific.

An excursion is a methodically thought-out display of places of interest, historical and cultural monuments, a display based on an analysis of the objects in front of the sightseers, as well as the events associated with them.

The guide is not indifferent to what the tourist sees, how he will understand and perceive what he saw and heard.

The guide, with his explanations, leads tourists to the necessary conclusions, and the effectiveness of the excursion depends on this.

It follows from this that the essence of an excursion can be defined as follows: a visual process of cognition of the surrounding world, a process built on pre-selected objects located in natural conditions or located in the halls of museums, exhibitions, workshops of a sculptor, artist, etc.

The excursion technique is a private technique, since it is associated with the process of disseminating knowledge based on one form of work. The excursion methodology is a set of requirements and rules for the excursion, as well as the sum of methodological techniques for preparing and conducting excursions different types, on different topics and for different groups of people.

The excursion work methodology answers the following questions:

1. Why is the excursion prepared and conducted (goal, objectives)?

2. What issues are covered during the excursion (what is its content devoted to)?

3. How to conduct a tour (methodological techniques)?

The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts:

Methods for developing a new topic for this bureau;

Methods for the guide to develop a topic that is new to him, but has already been developed in this bureau;

Methods of preparing a guide for conducting the next excursion;

Methods of conducting an excursion;

Methods after excursion work.

1. Subject and types of excursion techniques.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion techniques.

The method of conducting an excursion is a set of techniques used when conducting an excursion, which are designed to find a way to more easily and effectively achieve the purpose of the excursion, to help tourists more easily and more firmly grasp the content of the excursion.

Methodological techniques for conducting excursions are divided into general, personal and individual. General techniques are the basis for conducting any excursion, regardless of its topic, the composition of the excursion group. Personal, in the end, are those techniques that are used in excursions of a certain type (industrial, museum, natural history, transport, walking), or in excursions conducted for a specific purpose. people are used to expressing themselves to the excursion audience (kids, youth, adults). It is no secret that personal methods, focusing on the main requirements of the excursion methodology, develop and specify more effective methods for conducting excursions of this type. Everyone knows that, in the end, individual techniques are unique methods of observing a single object or telling a story about it, for example, showing a building standing on the shore of a reservoir, which on a fine summer day is finally reflected on its surface. And there is no need to even say that such techniques are usually the intellectual property of the first tour guide and are not, finally, used by everyone who, therefore, conducts such excursions. Indeed, isolated techniques also include those whose implementation is limited to a certain time of year or day.

The excursion methodology is considered in several aspects: as the basis for the professional skills of guides; as a mechanism that improves the “feed” of material; as a process of streamlining the activities of a guide. The technique helps tourists see, remember and understand much more than in a lecture covering the same topic. This happens because the lecturer’s methodology is largely based on various kinds of messages and descriptions, the lecture story is conducted in isolation from the objects of description. The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts: - methods for developing a topic new for a given bureau; - methods for the guide to develop a topic that is new to him, but already developed in this bureau; - methods for preparing the guide for the next excursion; - methods of conducting an excursion; - methods of post-excursion work.

Aspects of the excursion methodology: the basis of the professional skills of the guide, the mechanism for presenting material, the process of streamlining the activities of the guide during the preparation and conduct of the excursion.

The excursion technique is associated with such concepts as story and show. To the question about the relationship between showing and telling on an excursion, the methodology gives a clear answer: from showing to telling. You should start with a show, with visual or other (tactile, olfactory) impressions, and then introduce a story. The technique takes into account the ability of an object to attract attention and uses various means of enhancing the attention of tourists.

Another objective of the methodology is to suggest the most effective use of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion. The excursion methodology takes into account the issues of emotional impact on tourists.

The subject of excursion methodology is the purposeful study, systematization, formulation, explanation and practical application of means and methods of education and training, as well as methodological techniques with the help of which employees of excursion institutions carry out their activities. The excursion methodology summarizes the experience of conducting excursions, develops and offers methodological techniques that have proven themselves in practice and ensure the highest efficiency in the disclosure and perception of the topic.

1.2 Methodology for preparing excursions.

The development of the excursion is carried out by a creative group consisting of 3-10 people, depending on the complexity of the topic. Each of the participants works on one of the sections or one of subtopics excursions. The head of the creative team combines and edits the prepared material.

Preparation is divided into two stages:

Preliminary - selection and study of factual materials (i.e. the process of initial accumulation of knowledge on a given topic), carried out by a creative group, selection of objects on which the excursion will be based;

Direct - drawing up an excursion route, processing factual material.

In addition, work is being done on the structure of the methodological development: introduction, main part, conclusion; a control text is compiled, the methodological conduct of the excursion is analyzed (determining the most appropriate methodological techniques of showing and telling specifically for this or that part of the excursion), a “guide’s portfolio” is formed, and an individual text is prepared. The methodological development is a condensed plan, a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, in what sequence to organize the display of monuments, what methodology is advisable to use for an effective excursion. Here the guide should find advice on the sequence in which to show and tell, what materials from the “guide’s portfolio” and when it is best to demonstrate. Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion.

Methodological development is a mandatory document, without which an excursion on this topic cannot be carried out.

A mandatory document is also an individual text, which gives the guide the right to conduct a tour on this topic. A properly compiled methodological development helps the guide to more fully reveal the topic.

Photo: Official portal of the Mayor and Government of Moscow

How to see among skyscrapers and cars ancient city? Where is the utopian house located? Who comes up with city tours and who goes on them? How to plan a route correctly and make a person listen carefully? The leading guide of the City Tour Bureau of the Museum of Moscow, Larisa Skrypnik, spoke to the site about the pros and cons of being a guide, about the mysteries of Moscow and the best excursionists.

— It seems that everything about Moscow has already been told, all the city labyrinths and nooks and crannies have been traversed, and suddenly new route, a new excursion - how is this possible?

— The Moscow Museum, where I work, celebrates its 120th anniversary this year. And all these years, the museum staff has been studying the city, its history, monitoring all the changes that are taking place in the metropolis. Our collection contains thousands of documents, books, photographs that are still being researched. This alone already gives many reasons for a new look at even the most trivial excursions.

There is, of course, a mandatory block of excursions. As a rule, this is a sightseeing tour of Moscow, Red Square, and the historical center, which are intended specifically for the first acquaintance with the city - for those who want to learn about the city in which they live. There are quite a few of them - as experience shows, Muscovites often don’t know the city well. It seems to a person: I’m here, I’ll have time to do everything - and he passes by interesting places without paying attention to them. But when interest is shown, a person, as a rule, becomes our regular client. That is, someone who came once begins to come constantly. It is very joyful to see how, year after year, the popularity of pedestrian and bus excursions is growing: more and more citizens want to know as much as possible about the capital.

But there is another block of routes - those that we come up with ourselves. These are always unusual walks where we show the city from a new side. They can be thematic, dedicated to certain dates or events. So, we are constantly developing new routes through unexplored Moscow. We really want to show our favorite city from different sides; I want the participants of the walks to fall in love with Moscow just like us. And such excursions are usually in great demand.

— Can you tell us more about such routes?

- Was interesting story during the celebration of the anniversary of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. We were approached with a request to come up with a walking tour of Gogol’s places. Moreover, they asked to show not only the monuments to the writer, which are located at a distance of 400 meters from each other, not only the temple of Simeon the Stylite, of which Gogol was a parishioner, but something else unusual. This is a challenge in a sense, I really love such things. It was necessary to do a walking tour and tell a lot, a lot about Gogol. As a result, with great interest for myself, I discovered more than 20 places associated with Nikolai Vasilyevich on Arbat. Not in Moscow as a whole, but only on Arbat. Exclusive excursions are born, for example, from such an offer - to help someone with a topic.

Or, for example, an excursion dedicated to 1612 in Moscow. She was not particularly in demand; no one ever asked to take her to these places. But when the request finally appeared, it turned out that it was really very interesting excursion. Of course, excursions are also born because you yourself really like something. I love architecture, and of course I came up with a walking tour of Art Nouveau. Routes may appear after you have read an interesting book. Now there are a lot of memoirs coming out, all sorts of works by pre-revolutionary Moscow scholars, which we did not know before. You read - and suddenly you see the area completely different, not the way you imagined it, and you get the idea to take a tour of this place and show Moscow from some, perhaps unexpected side.

- How does this happen? How is the excursion prepared?

— First, the search for material begins: reading specialized literature, diaries, going to libraries and, of course, studying the very area you are going to talk about. Sometimes, when you walk the streets, enter alleys, courtyards, you discover absolutely incredible treasures that people have never seen. For example, Nikitsky Boulevard is such a front street. But one time, when I was preparing a tour there, I saw a metal gate with a door, behind which it was written that there was a shoe repair shop or some kind of hardware there. In general, the door is completely unpresentable-looking. But when I entered this gateway, I realized that this the whole city with labyrinths. Who would have thought that this could happen? People are always very interested in this. It’s as if you are immersed in the past, and you can imagine how you would feel if you lived in this house and your windows looked out onto this courtyard….

— You said that you have developed a tour of Art Nouveau, but this is not exactly Moscow style, what are you showing?

— Since this is a walking tour, it takes place between Ostozhenka, Prechistenka and in the side streets. This is both Isakov Kekushevsky’s apartment building and the architect Kekushev’s own house. This is the apartment house of the peasant Loskov. We had such wonderful peasants who could invite the best architects and build houses in the northern modern style. There are really not enough of them in Moscow; this style is mainly widespread in St. Petersburg.

— It seems to me that the most difficult thing in your work is to make people listen; not all guides and not always succeed in this.

— You just need to know and understand: people cannot endlessly listen to a set of some facts, even if they are quite interesting, they still need some kind of release. But it’s important not to just giggle about something, but to have it tied to the topic. And by the way, on excursions sometimes the participants themselves help to find such relaxing moments. I once had a wonderful girl about seven years old on a tour of Arbat and Arbat lanes. On Arbat, every building has a story, and you want to tell about everything. I started talking about the house with knights opposite Tetra Vakhtangov and said that, unfortunately, not all the knights had survived, and this girl told me: “But I can tell where this knight went.” I ask: where? She says: “The fact is that he fell in love with this princess,” and there is a “Princess Turandot” fountain near the Vakhtangov Theater, “he fell in love, went downstairs, bought her jewelry, but she did not accept the gift. So the knight got upset and left.” This is so lovely! Now I always tell this, such a vivid perception by a child of Moscow and its history.

— How long does it take to prepare the excursion?

- It depends on the topic. There are those on which a huge amount of literature has been written, and here you just need to select what interests you. There are topics that require serious preparation, maybe even requests, meetings with some people who have information on a particular area. The residents themselves tell interesting things. It's always a lot of work.

Selecting material is one of the most exciting moments, and here it is important to control yourself. You search, read, and it’s so captivating that by three o’clock in the morning you can find yourself somewhere on the other side of Moscow. Because when you are preparing material, one fact clings to another: but the last name slipped through, shouldn’t I clarify... It’s very difficult, but it’s even more difficult to choose something when you’ve collected great amount material and you understand that it is impossible to tell everything - it is always a shame to remove part of the information.

Then comes another very important point: you must connect all the objects... It is clear that if the excursion is thematic, for example our “Moscow Embassy”, then everything is more or less clear. And if this is a tour along the street and there are absolutely dissimilar buildings, absolutely different stories, but you have to somehow connect them with each other, you have to get a story.

I had a wonderful excursion, I led her along Volkhonka, and one of the excursionists, as an intelligent person, warned me in advance that she needed to pick up her child from kindergarten, so in 50 minutes she would leave quietly in English. And I’m leading a tour and I understand that 50 minutes have already passed, an hour has passed, and the woman is still with us. And I tell her: “Please excuse me, but it seems you need to pick up your child from kindergarten.” She says: “You understand, I can’t leave. You finish telling the story and the next thing is so catchy that we will now see further that I just can’t leave.” This was the right excursion, since it happened like this.

There are also purely technical, special aspects that also need to be taken into account: how to stand correctly so that everyone can hear you, so that you can react to the expression of your face, eyes, so that you can see tourists and at the same time do not interfere with their vision of objects; how to stand to show the object as much as possible; how to stand up so that you can talk about several objects without leaving your place. When you prepare an excursion, it takes extra time. For example, I’m walking down the street and, to the surprise of passers-by, I begin to run from one place to another, cross the street, come back, in order to understand where it’s better for me to put the group. And here you need to show your imagination.

There are many other nuances. For example, you need to take into account the location of pedestrian crossings: where are they located, is it convenient for you to cross from this side to the opposite side, so as not to return to this crossing through another crossing, to somehow go further along the route, because people are not interested in the same thing place to go back and forth. In general, this is actually a very big job.

— Let's try to name the pros and cons of your profession.

— I was asked this question on excursions... But it turns out that the disadvantages turn into advantages. Of course, this is a job that requires a lot of physical activity, because you need to move a lot both in the preparation process and during the excursion. And they sometimes last two or three hours, and sometimes six or seven.

The weather is not of our choosing, and our Moscow weather is not pleasant, let’s say, for most of the year. Next is that you are always working, because you must be on the topic of modern Moscow, know everything new that appears, new books about Moscow, new information, new objects. There is so much material that you will never be able to master it completely, but you always strive for it. As a result, you constantly train your memory, your mind, you are always on the move and constantly in the fresh air.

And people are different, and you make a lot of effort to keep attention. When this works out, I feel a tremendous moral uplift because I give my energy to people, and they give theirs in return. After an excursion I always feel emotionally charged. Everything is interconnected here, and if you like it, then you enjoy it more.

The city excursion bureau has currently developed more than 80 topics dedicated to the history and modernity of Moscow and its famous citizens.

2.5. Excursion techniques

The effectiveness of any excursion largely depends on the technique of its implementation, the connection between the methodology and the technique of conducting it. There are a number of requirements for the technique of conducting an excursion. These include the guide’s introduction to the group, the correct placement of the group at the object, the excursionists getting off the bus and returning to the bus (other vehicle), the use of a microphone by the guide, adherence to the time allotted for the excursion as a whole and the disclosure of individual subtopics, answers to questions from tourists, etc.

The guide introduces the group. The guide, upon entering the bus, introduces himself to the group. He greets those present, states his last name, first name, patronymic, the excursion institution that he represents, introduces the excursionists to the bus driver, i.e. begins the excursion with an introduction.

It is important that from the very beginning the guide subordinates his actions to the established rules of communication with the group. He doesn't start talking right away. There is a pause that lasts ten to twenty seconds. The first acquaintance takes place; further contacts between the guide and the group largely depend on it. The tourists gradually fall silent, sit down more comfortably, and their attention turns to the guide. The excursionists figure out what the guide is capable of, what interesting things he will tell them, and the guide thinks about how to interest these people, how to rivet their attention to the topic.

With proper organization of excursion work, preparation for it should occur in advance. This is done by excursion organizers or travel agents.

The plot of the excursion must be known to the excursionist in advance. The tourist must know the topic of the excursion. It is extremely important that promotional activities and the purchase of a tour package are separated from the tour by one or two days. This is significant in the sense that during this period of time a certain psychological attitude of the tourist will take place. He will have time to think about it and get used to the plot of the excursion.

Each topic has its own introduction. If the composition of the group is different (for example, local population and visiting tourists, adults and children), the same excursion will have different introductions. The guide pays special attention to the preparation and execution of the introduction, which gives a specific instruction to the excursionists and allows them to establish contact with them.

Excursionists exit the bus (trolleybus, tram). Tourists need to prepare in advance for departure. In cases where this is not done, a significant part of the group remains sitting on the bus, without getting out to observe the monuments at their location. Thus, excursionists lose the opportunity to personally get to know the object.

At stops where the excursion group is provided to exit, the guide leaves first, showing an example to the group and determining the direction of its movement to the object. In cases where other stops are made during excursions, for example, sanitary stops or for purchasing souvenirs, the guide informs you of the exact time (hour and minutes) of the bus departure. It is necessary to require tourists to comply with the regulations for the excursion, which affects the bus schedule along the route. If the parking time on a country excursion is shortened or increased for some reason, the guide informs all excursionists about this.

Arrangement of the group at the object. When developing an excursion, as a rule, several options for accommodating a group to observe the excursion object are determined. This is done in the case when the place determined by the methodological development is occupied by another group or when the sun's rays shine into the eyes, making it difficult to examine the object. There are other reasons that prevent you from using the recommended location. In hot weather, opportunities are used to arrange groups in the shade. In case of rain, there is an option to accommodate tourists under a roof, under the canopy of trees. In some cases, the technique requires that several points be selected to examine an object: distant, if the object is shown together with the environment or other objects; near, if individual details of a building, structure, area, or natural object are analyzed. These features are reflected in the column “Organized instructions for methodological development.” Each guide carefully studies these instructions and, before leaving with the group on the route, clarifies issues related to the arrangement of the group to observe objects. It is also necessary to ensure the safety of tourists when inspecting objects and when crossing highways.

When several groups are simultaneously located at one object, such a distance must be maintained between them so that one guide does not interfere with the other with his story, so that one group does not obscure another object of observation. Known difficulties in meeting this condition are caused by the placement of groups for displaying museum exhibitions.

Movement of tourists from bus to object, from object to bus, between objects is carried out by a group. The guide's place is in the center of the group, several people walk in front, a few next to each other, and the rest behind. It is important that the group does not stretch: the distance between its head and those who come last should not exceed 5-7 meters. The guide must ensure that the integrity of the group is not compromised when moving the group along the route. If the group is extended, not everyone will hear the guide’s story, his explanations and logical transitions that are presented along the way. Experienced guides skillfully guide the movement along the route.

The pace of the group’s movement depends on the composition of the group (children, youth, middle age, elderly people), on the terrain, for example, climbing a mountain, poor road conditions, overcoming ditches in dangerous areas in working workshops, etc.

IN walking tour The pace of movement of tourists is slow, unhurried, since the objects on display are located next to each other.

It is more difficult to establish the required pace of movement of the group on a bus excursion. Here, after getting off the bus, the guide does not immediately start moving, especially if the object is located in the distance. He gives the majority of the excursionists the opportunity to get off the bus and then, slowly, but not too slowly, at the head of the group heads towards the goal. Approaching the object, he begins his story not immediately, but after the whole group has gathered.

The guide guides the movement of tourists during their independent work along the route. Tourists walk around the object to read the inscription on it themselves, go inside it, and see the peculiar features of the architecture. They climb a hill to determine its height, climb a bell tower, a minaret to make sure of the unusual “step” of the steps of a steep staircase, go down into the fortress moat to determine its depth, etc. These movements of excursionists enrich them additional information and new impressions, make it possible to experience the unique features of the objects, the features of the events to which the excursion is dedicated.

Return of tourists to the bus. During the group's movement, it is led by a guide. When a group boards the bus, he stands to the right of the entrance and counts the excursionists who enter the cabin. This is done unnoticed. Having made sure that all participants of the excursion have gathered, he enters the bus last and gives a conventional sign to the driver to start moving.

It is necessary to avoid counting tourists who have already taken their seats on the bus. This introduces unnecessary nervousness and sometimes causes comical situations, thereby disrupting the course of the excursion.

Guide's place. The guide on the bus should occupy a place from where he can clearly see the objects discussed on the excursion, but so that all the excursionists are in his field of vision. At the same time, sightseers must see it. Typically, this is a designated front seat next to the driver (the seat behind the driver is reserved for another driver). The guide is not allowed to stand while the bus is moving (as well as tourists) for safety reasons.

On a walking tour, the guide should be positioned halfway towards the object. Displaying visually perceived objects requires that they be in front of the guide’s eyes, because he analyzes them based on his visual impressions. This is especially important on country excursions, when the guide, while the bus is moving, sitting in his seat with his back to the excursionists, looks out the front window of the bus and talks about what the excursionists are already seeing or are about to see.

Keeping time during the excursion. The methodological development indicates the exact time allocated for the disclosure of each subtopic in minutes. Everything is provided here: a demonstration of objects, a story from a guide, movement along the route to the next one, and movement of the group around the observed objects. The ability to meet the allotted time does not come to the guide right away. This requires a lot of practice, including conducting an excursion with a watch in hand: at home, at a specific object. It is necessary to ensure compliance with time when carrying out a logical transition, covering a single subtopic and main issues. It helps the guide to time the time spent on individual parts of the excursion. Based on this timing, taking into account the listener’s comments, the guide makes appropriate adjustments to his story. Everything unnecessary is removed from the excursion, which leads to time overrun. Often, for reasons beyond the control of the guide, a tour is significantly reduced in time. This is due to the group getting ready for a long time, breakfast not being served to tourists on time, the bus being late, etc. As a result, the excursion starts late. The guide has only one option - to reduce the time allotted to cover the topic. This should be done by preserving all that is important in the content of the excursion and removing the unimportant. To do this, you need to prepare in advance for a possible reduction in the excursion material.

Technique for telling a story while the bus is moving. The story while driving on the bus should be conducted by the guide through a microphone. If the equipment does not function well or there is no microphone at all, it is useless for the guide to narrate while driving. The engine noise and shaking of the bus limit audibility, so explanations will only be heard by tourists sitting nearby. In this case, the guide gives information about the nearest section of the route before the start of the movement, and during the movement only reports the names of objects or areas. When there are important objects or settlements it is necessary to stop the bus, turn off the engine and only then give an explanation. This must be agreed upon with the driver in advance.

Answers to questions from tourists. In excursion practice, a certain classification of issues has developed. They are divided into four groups: questions from the guide, answered by excursionists; questions posed during the story, answered by the guide; rhetorical questions that are posed to activate the attention of tourists; questions asked by excursion participants on the topic. The first three groups of questions are related to the methodology of conducting excursions, and only the fourth group of questions is related to the technique of conducting excursions. Their content is different - sometimes they are connected with objects, sometimes with the lives of famous figures, and often with events that are not related to the topic of the excursion. The main rule for working with such questions is that you should not interrupt the story and give an immediate answer to them; you also do not need to answer questions at the end of each of the subtopics. This scatters attention and distracts the audience from perceiving the content of the topic being discussed, since not everyone in the group is concerned about these particular issues. Therefore, the guide should answer questions not during the tour, but after it ends. The content of the answers should not be of a debatable nature, that is, cause tourists to want to argue or continue the topic raised in the question.

Making an introduction to the topic, the guide informs his listeners about this order of answers to questions.

Pauses in the excursion. The guide should not talk continuously. There should be short breaks between individual parts of the story, the story and excursion information along the way, the logical transition and the story about the object and the events associated with it.

Pauses serve the following purposes:

The first is semantic, when people use the break time to think about what they heard from the guide and saw with their own eyes. To consolidate factual material in memory, formulate your conclusions and remember what you see. It is important that excursionists have time at each object free from showing and telling for independent inspection, preparing for the perception of what will be shown and told at the next stop;
- second - give short rest excursionists. It does not carry any semantic load. This is especially important for those who are not yet accustomed to such an active form of cultural and educational work as an excursion.

Pauses in country excursions are combined with rest, which, in accordance with the existing procedure, is provided to the guide: 15 minutes. after each hour of work (for a guide, an hour of conducting a tour is 45 minutes). This rest can be summed up and used by the guide at the end of the excursion. There may also be pauses during excursions - free time used for purchasing souvenirs, printed materials, quenching thirst, as well as for sanitary stops on long excursions.

Technique for using the "tour guide's briefcase". The contents of the “guide’s portfolio”, its meaning and role in the use of methodological techniques of demonstration are related to the methodology of preparing and conducting the excursion. Each exhibit - photograph, drawing, reproduction of a painting, portrait, drawing, copy of a document - has its own serial number. This determines the sequence of demonstration of this exhibit to tourists.

The exhibit can be shown by the guide from his workplace, handed over to the tourists in rows for more detailed acquaintance.

Sometimes according to methodological development The guide will organize the playback of tape and video recordings. It is important to check in advance the serviceability of the equipment, the availability of the necessary recordings, and ensure audibility for all participants in the excursion. The guide must be able to use this equipment.

During excursions, elements of ritual (a ceremony developed by folk customs) are used. Sightseers at burial sites and memorials honor the memory of the dead with a minute of silence, are present at the changing of the guard of honor, participate in processions and rallies, and listen to mourning melodies. The guide needs to know the procedure for laying flowers, the passage of tourists to the locations of mass graves and obelisks, participation in the guard of honor, a minute of silence, the rules of conduct Eternal Flame and at the burial sites of heroes of the Civil War, the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) and other wars. Before the start of the excursion, the guide informs you about everything, emphasizing the importance of observing the ritual when visiting historical places.

conclusions

The importance of issues related to the technique of conducting excursions is difficult to overestimate. Neither a fascinating story about objects, nor methodological techniques for displaying monuments will give the necessary effect if all aspects of its implementation are not seriously thought out, if conditions for observing objects are not created.

Control questions

1. The concept of “techniques for conducting excursions”.
2. Contents of the column “Organizational instructions”.
3. Organizing the work of the guide with the group.
4. Skillful use of excursion techniques.
5. Skills in using excursion techniques.
6. The pace of movement of the group, its significance.
7. Using a microphone. Work in the absence of a microphone.
8. Establishing the necessary order in the group.
9. Use of free time during the excursion.
10. Answers to questions from tourists.
11. Techniques for using visual aids.

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