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Vorobyovy Gory (Russia) - description, history, location. The exact address, phone, website. Tourist reviews, photos and videos.

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Anyone who wants to know Russia should look at Moscow from here.

A. P. Chekhov

There are not many places in the city that participate in the life of almost every resident. Wedding processions come here, artists and writers admire the panorama of the city, schoolchildren celebrate their graduation here, students relax here and skiers train... In a word, if the Kremlin is the heart of the capital, then Sparrow Hills is no less than its soul.

From the village to the cultural center

According to legend, the Sparrow Hills got their name from the name of the priest Sparrow who owned these territories, who parted with them in favor of the Grand Duchess Sofia Vitovtovna. From that moment until the 19th century, the Sparrow Hills were a favorite vacation spot for Moscow princes and tsars. IN Soviet time The Sparrow Hills were also not ignored: first, almost by accident, changing their name to Leninskie, and then choosing them as the location of the country’s first university.

During the existence of the USSR, Vorobyovy Gory was radically transformed. At the time the university was founded (1949), the wooded bank of the Moscow River was inhabited mainly by moose, wild boars and hares (which, by the way, students regularly saw back in the 80s). In 1953, when the university was completed, the design of the observation deck was also completed. From that moment on, the edge of the Sparrow Hills became a traditional place for national celebrations, and not just the residence of kings and princes.

What to see

It is better to start a walk along the Sparrow Hills from the Moscow State University building (from the Universitet metro station, 10 minutes on foot or 3 minutes by minibus). After walking along the Alley of Scientists, you will come to an observation deck from which Karamzin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Gorky, Blok, Bulgakov admired the view, and although the writers of the past saw a completely different city, you will get no less pleasure. Clearly in front of you will be the domes and high-rise buildings of the capital, the picturesque bend of the Moscow River and the Luzhniki Stadium, located on the opposite bank. Arriving at the site in the evening, you can easily feel like the heroes of Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” - this is where they set off on their mystical journey.

If the Kremlin is the heart of the capital, then Sparrow Hills is no less than its soul.

Next you will go to the Moscow River. Vorobyovy Gory is a nature conservation area where many plants rare for Moscow have been preserved. There are a lot of animals and birds here, and the park has places where you can feed them. An ecological trail is organized on the territory, convenient for walking. Children will also find it interesting here; in the middle of the walk there is a children's playground waiting for them.

Valid all year round cable car, which can be used if you decide to return back to the observation deck or shorten the forest walk in favor of a sports one.

There is a wonderful walking area along the banks of the Moscow River. Here you can rent roller skates or a bicycle and ride along the river on good asphalt. On the bridge spanning the river there is the Vorobyovy Gory metro station. If you wish, you can continue moving up the river to Neskuchny Garden. In summer, such a walk can be done at water bus, its station is also called “Vorobyovy Gory”.

The park does not subside even in winter - it is located here ski slope. Sleigh rides are traditionally organized, and a cross-country skiing track is laid out in the park.

Take a look around the capital, relax, take spectacular photos - these are just some of the opportunities offered Sparrow Hills, one of the most scenic spots in Moscow and one of the most spectacular points of the city. Although they do not reach the heights of real mountains, Moscow is clearly visible from them. However, the place became famous not only for its observation deck - on the Sparrow Hills there is a picturesque nature reserve and the building of Moscow State University.

Sights of Sparrow Hills

Perhaps the main factor in the popularity of Sparrow Hills is Observation deck with the widest panorama of the city. It allows you to see Moscow from an unusual angle and serves as a place for photography and concerts. It is clear that there are many tourists here at any time of the year.

The observation deck was equipped simultaneously with the construction of the new main building of Moscow State University in the mid-20th century. It is located on highest point Sparrow Hills and opens up to the Luzhniki stadium, the highest residential complexes and Moscow skyscrapers, the Ostankino TV tower, the Foreign Ministry building. Behind Luzhniki you can see the bell towers of the Kremlin cathedrals and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Thanks to the Vorobyovy Gory observation deck, you can watch how the appearance of Moscow grows and changes year after year.

Panorama of Moscow from the Sparrow Hills.

The territory of the Sparrow Hills is occupied by a nature reserve, founded in 1998. On the northern side it is bounded by the Moskva River embankment and stretches from Gorky Park on one side to the Third Transport Ring on the other. There are several hiking trails through the reserve. total length almost 2 km. Also in the park there are beautiful Lesnoy, Small and Big Andreevsky ponds.

Since some areas of the reserve are difficult to access for recreation, it has managed to preserve significant biodiversity. There are dozens of bird species (including rare ones) and more than 400 plant species. Mammals include squirrels, moles and shrews. In the reserve you have the opportunity to go on thematic excursion with visits to secluded trails and ponds.

On the Sparrow Hills there is the Trinity Church, on the site of which a wooden church stood in the 15th century. The new building began to be erected in the Empire style in 1811. The church survived the Napoleonic invasion and the Soviet period. Its interior and appearance remained unchanged.

The facade of the temple is decorated with a fresco depicting St. Alexis healing Queen Taidula. On another fresco, Sergius of Radonezh is depicted with Dmitry Donskoy during the blessing for the Battle of Kulikovo. The Trinity Church houses shrines, including icons from the 17th century.

Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills.

In the 70s, a monument to Herzen and Ogarev, who had revolutionary ideas in their youth, appeared in the forest on the slope of the Sparrow Hills. It was at this place, during a walk, that they vowed to fight the autocracy and continue the work of the Decembrists. On the monument you can see bas-relief portraits of Ogarev and Herzen, as if facing each other. He became not only a symbol of the revolutionary movement, but also a sign of loyalty to his oath.

Vorobyovy Gory has long been a favorite vacation spot for guests of the capital and Muscovites. At the foot of the steep slope there are two embankments of the Moscow River: Andreevskaya and Vorobyovskaya. The embankments are very popular for cycling, skateboarding and roller skating. The embankments have wonderful walking areas where you can rent bicycles. You can sign up for excursions of varying lengths or take a ride on a river bus.

In winter, life on Vorobyovy Gory does not stop - ski slopes open. Around December, trails for cross-country and alpine skiing, open a snowboard park and organize sleigh rides. All infrastructure is included: instructor services and equipment rental are available.

Moscow State University building on Vorobyovy Gory

The main symbol of the Sparrow Hills remains the majestic building of Moscow State University, surrounded by a majestic park. This is an architectural example of the mid-20th century, the construction of which began on the initiative of Stalin and was completed in 5 years - a record time for those times. The building itself and all its sculptures are classified as objects of cultural significance. A tour of the Moscow State University building can be combined with a tour of the adjacent botanical garden.

Vorobyovy Gory - photo

The Vorobyovy Gory observation deck is one of the best places for photographing views of Moscow. Note that for shooting (and just for observation) you should choose morning hours and slightly windy weather - in these cases, the haze will not spoil the magnificent picture.

Vorobyovy Gory is big park on a slope, in a bend along the bank of the Moscow River. Its territory is 137.5 hectares. In 1987, Vorobyovy Gory became a natural monument; since 1998, it has been a state nature reserve created with the aim of preserving the historical, cultural and natural environment, deciduous forest, located in close proximity to the city center. In 2013, the Vorobyovy Gory reserve was included in the reserve.

In the east, the territory of the Sparrow Hills begins from the Novoandreevsky railway and road bridges across the Moscow River. From the south and west, the territory of the Sparrow Hills is limited by the area adjacent to Kosygina Street. In the north, the border of the Sparrow Hills is the mouth of the Setun River.

Vorobyovy Gory is a spur of the Teplostanskaya Upland, rising 80 meters above the level of the Moscow River. On the slope to the river grow large oaks, ash trees, maples, lindens, birches, alders, willows, and herbaceous plants of broad-leaved forests. Small animals and birds, rare for Moscow, live here.

The territory of the park is crossed by the Luzhnetsky (Luzhnikovsky) metro bridge with the Vorobyovy Gory metro station (until 1999 - Lenin's mountains) On him. Luzhnetsky Bridge was opened on January 12, 1959. Due to errors in the design and construction of the bridge, it had to be completely rebuilt. Work on rebuilding the bridge was completed in 2002.

The Vorobyovy Gory received its name from the village of Vorobyovo, first mentioned in 1453 in the will of Grand Duchess Sofia Vitovtovna. Since 1473, the village was owned by Ivan III. From that time on, it did not leave the Grand Duke's hands. The ill Vasily III was returning to Moscow through Vorobyovo on the eve of his death. He spent several days in the village, entered the city, and the next day, December 3, 1533, died. Ivan the Terrible waited in the Vorobyovsky Palace for the great June fire of 1547. Then about a third of the city burned down.

At the end of the 17th century, during the reign of Princess Sophia, a new Vorobyovsky Palace was built, about 80 fathoms (about 160 meters) long, wooden on stone foundations. It was replaced by the palace of the architect I. Michurin, built in 1732-1735. There were about 250 large and small halls on two floors of the palace.

In 1776, the wooden Prechistensky Palace of Matvey Kazakov was moved to Vorobyovo. It was built as a temporary one on Prechistenka in 1774-1776. The palace burned down in 1812. After him, palace construction in Vorobyovo was not resumed. By the beginning of the twentieth century, it was a typical village for the middle zone with the Trinity Church, built in 1811-1813. The village survived until 1956, when it was dismantled. There was no place for him near the new University building. Today, only the name and the edge above the river remind us of Vorobyov.

On October 12, 1817, the ceremonial laying of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in memory of the Patriotic War of 1812 took place on Vorobyovy Gory. It was assumed that a temple about 170 meters high would be built with a staircase to the river, with an underground temple - a crypt. But due to changes in the view of the construction program and due to the complexity of the soil in the chosen location, work was stopped in 1826.

Few people know that on the Vorobyovy Gory there is the Vorobyovy reservoir of the Moscow water supply system. This large building with a capacity of 170,000 cubic meters of water, built in 1902 by architect M.K. Geppener. A beautiful pavilion with an observation deck and a park was erected above the reservoir. During the commissioning and filling of the reservoir with water, water supply engineers poured a bottle of champagne bought at Krynkin’s nearby restaurant into it so that all Muscovites could celebrate this event. Today the reservoir is located on the territory of Mosvodokanal, there is no access to its pavilion.

Vorobyovy Gory has always been used as a vacation spot. In the summer people came here for the whole day, with families, large groups, with their own samovars, food, and drinks. In winter we went skiing here. The continuation of this pre-revolutionary tradition was the construction of a ski jump in 1953. Near the springboard there is ski slope and there is a chair lift.

In 1948, construction work began on a site located 850 meters from the edge of the Sparrow Hills, on reliable ground. The building, 182 meters high and with a spire - 240 meters, was built according to the design of a group of architects led by L.V. Rudnev. On September 1, 1953, the University, the temple of science, was opened. From the University to the edge of the hill, on which the observation deck is located, there is a wide boulevard with flower beds, fountains, cast-iron lanterns and busts of outstanding scientists.

At the end of 2014, the Vorobyovy Gory observation deck was reconstructed. It contains an interactive granite map of Moscow. It is expected that in 2015 a monument to the baptist of Rus', Prince Vladimir, will be erected on the Sparrow Hills.

One of the largest and most popular parks in Moscow is Vorobyovy Gory. Located in close proximity to the noisy center, it is an island of true Central Russian nature. The history of Vorobyovy Gory is very interesting. In the 15th century, a village was founded here, through which Ivan III passed on the eve of his death. Later, Ivan the Terrible took refuge in the palace that was located here, waiting out the grandiose Moscow fire. Interesting facts from the history of the Sparrow Hills are presented in the article.

Location

Moscow is called the city on seven hills. It really is located on the hills. And the Sparrow Hills are one of these seven hills.

The park is located in the southwest of the capital, not far from the Luzhniki stadium. In order to get to this landscaped forested park area, you need to get to the Vorobyovy Gory metro station. The history of the station begins in 1959. Just like the park of the same name, the metro was called “Lenin Hills” for more than fifty years.

The forest park area begins at the Setun River and ends at the St. Andrew's Bridge. The height of the Sparrow Hills is 80 meters. Here is one of the best observation platforms in Moscow.

Name of Sparrow Hills

Where did this name come from? In this area, as already mentioned, there once existed a village of the same name. It belonged to boyar Vorobyov at the beginning of the 14th century. Little is known about the origin of this ancient noble family and the appearance of its representatives in the Grand Duchy of Moscow. However, chronicle sources mention several times Yuri Vorobyov, who owned an ancient village, on the site of which today there is a huge park area.

The boyar had no children, and therefore after his death his possessions passed to Ivan III. Nevertheless, the name “Sparrow Hills” has been preserved. True, sometimes this area was called “Sparrow Hills”.

This is the history of the name Sparrow Hills. It is worth saying that settlements on the site of the village existed long before the formation of the Moscow Principality.

History of the Sparrow Hills: ancient times

Researchers claim that people in this area appeared in the first millennium BC, that is, during the Iron Age. Archaeologists here discovered the remains of an ancient settlement from the Dyakovo period. Something similar was found in other areas of southwest Moscow.

Representatives of the Dyakovo culture were hardworking and enterprising people. They not only produced items necessary for the household, but also engaged in trade, as evidenced by archaeological excavations. The change of cultures occurred around the 6th century BC. Krivichi and Vyatichi appeared on the territory of modern Moscow.

Middle Ages

Over time, ancient settlements began to turn into villages. Villages in the Middle Ages became boyar estates. Thus, the history of the Sparrow Hills in Moscow begins in ancient times. The small settlement turned into a village named after the owner of the area. Vorobyov received the lands as a gift from the Moscow princes for many years of service.

Vorobyovy Gory was first mentioned in the spiritual charter of Princess Sophia, and they were called “the priest’s village.” The small village quickly turned into a grand ducal residence. Here the construction of a wooden palace began, which, of course, did not last long - Moscow often burned in those days.

If a modern Muscovite found himself in the medieval Sparrow Hills, he would never recognize them. In addition to the boyar's house, there were many wooden buildings: a granary, a glacier, a cellar, livestock and stable yards. Not far from the palace there was a small garden with a pond where sturgeon, sterlet and other fish were found. Deer were calmly strolling through the grove.

Palace on Sparrow Hills

This grandiose wooden building, erected in the 15th century, served as the residence of first the Moscow princes and then the Russian tsars for more than two centuries. The palace, of course, was rebuilt more than once. The last one was erected in 1684. The construction was made in the Moscow Baroque style.

Church of the Life-Giving Trinity

This church can be called the main attraction of the Sparrow Hills. At least a building that would have a higher historical and cultural significance, there is no.

On the site of the temple Life-Giving Trinity a wooden church already existed in the mid-15th century. The parish priest lived here permanently. Perhaps this is why the strange name “Popovskoy village” appears in the documents.

Wooden buildings quickly deteriorated. New ones were built in their place. The stone temple, which can be seen today on Vorobyovy Gory, began to be built in 1811. During the Soviet years, the church was in a dilapidated state. In the nineties, restoration began.

19th century

In the 19th century, Vorobyovy Gory became a popular holiday destination. Moscow looked different then, its size was much smaller. Vorobyovy Gory was located on the outskirts of the city. Here on the weekends and holidays folk festivals were held. On the slope of the Sparrow Hills there was Krynkin’s restaurant - a very popular establishment in those years.

At first XIX century On the site of the Vorobyovsky Palace, it was planned to build the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. But during the excavation work it was discovered that the conditions here were unsuitable. Construction was stopped. For some time, two factories and barracks for workers were located on Vorobyovy Gory.

Another attraction of the Sparrow Hills is Mamontova Dacha. Today, the Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics is located in the building of an old noble estate. Purchased the master's house modern look back in 1820. Then Prince Yusupov owned the estate.

In 1910, Mamontov’s dacha was bought by the Moscow City Duma. A city park was built on the territory of the estate.

XX century

After the revolution, the former noble estate gradually fell into disrepair. The main building housed the Central Museum of Ethnic Studies. During the Great Patriotic War it was closed, and after that the building was transferred to the Institute of Chemical Physics.

During the Soviet years, on the Lenin Hills - that’s what this area was called then - there were not only institute buildings, but also dachas of prominent political figures. Including Mikhail Gorbachev.

The Moscow landmark was renamed in 1935. The Soviet name lasted until 1999. The Lenin Mountains are mentioned, by the way, in Mikhail Bulgakov’s work “The Master and Margarita”.

Two years after the end of the war, a decision was made to build eight high-rise buildings. One of them, the highest, was intended for the Moscow state university. Excavation work began in 1948. The first stone was laid in April 1949. The grand opening of the main building of Moscow State University took place six months after Stalin’s death.

Today, the main university building and observation deck are popular tourist attractions.

In 1953, a ski slope 340 meters long was built on Vorobyovy Gory. 6 years later a station was opened here Sokolnicheskaya line- the first line of the Moscow Metro.

At the foot of the Sparrow Hills is the building of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Construction lasted more than twenty years. Ended in the early nineties. The RAS building houses the Academic Hall, where creative and scientific events are held.

This is a brief history of the Sparrow Hills. Many books have been written about the sights of Moscow, and almost every one talks about this area. A lot of works have been created for children. Short story Sparrow Hills, for example, is described in the book “Walks around the City” by S. Makhotin.

Nature reserve

In 1987, Vorobyovy Gory was included in the list of natural monuments. A characteristic feature of this area is the widespread development of landslide terraces. It is precisely because of this feature that the natural reserve once escaped active development. Today Vorobyovy Gory is a favorite place for Muscovites and guests of the capital.

This part of the south-west of Moscow is covered with old broad-leaved forest. The dominant trees are maple, birch, ash, and oak. There are two ponds on the territory of the natural reserve, one of which is named after St. Andrew’s Monastery.

Metro station: Vorobyovy Gory

Vorobyovy Gory is an area located on the high right bank of the Moscow River. In 1935 it was renamed and became known as the Lenin Mountains. However, the historical name did not leave the lexicon; the people more often used the phrase Vorobyovy Gory. In 1999, the previous name was returned. This hill is one of the seven hills of Moscow. This analogy with Rome appeared back in the 16th century, when Moscow was actively being rebuilt. Now on the Sparrow Hills there is a park of the same name. Very popular among tourists and Moscow residents Observation deck. Its height relative to the river level is 80 m. From the observation deck on Vorobyovy Gory, perhaps one of the most picturesque views of the capital opens.

History of Sparrow Hills

As archaeological excavations carried out on the Sparrow Hills in the 19th century showed, ancient settlements existed on this site already in the 1st millennium BC. e. The name Vorobyovy Gory comes from the village of Vorobyovo, which was located here back in the 14th century. The village is named after the famous boyar family - the Vorobievs - who were its original owners. In 1453, the village was bought by Princess Sofia Vitovtovna, the wife of Prince Vasily I. A wooden palace. Thus, Vorobyovo becomes a popular residence of Moscow princes, and subsequently Russian tsars and emperors. The palace was rebuilt several times. In 1812 it was destroyed by fire. Since the 19th century Vorobyovy Gory is popular dacha place and a place to relax.

In 1949, construction of a new building for Moscow State University began in the village of Vorobyovo. As a result, only the Trinity Church remained from the village. Interesting history of this ancient temple. It is known that already at the time of the purchase of the village of Vorobyovo by Princess Sophia, there was an ancient wooden church here. Subsequently, it was rebuilt several times. Preserved on this moment Construction of the stone Trinity Church began in 1811. Construction was interrupted by the Patriotic War and completed in 1813. It is known that in 1812 M.I. Kutuzov prayed there. It is noteworthy that Trinity Church did not close in the 20th century.

Vorobyovy Gory and modernity

In 1953, a ski jump was built on Vorobyovy Gory, which is still in use today. The ski slope is also popular, and there are chairlifts. Various competitions are held on Vorobyovy Gory, for example mountain biking.

In 1958, a metro bridge was built with the Vorobyovy Gory station (at the time of opening the station was called Leninskiye Gory).

At the end of the 20th century, the State Nature Reserve “Sparrow Hills” was created. Its main goal is to protect the nature of Moscow. Now the park is a protected natural area. Created ecological trails. Excursions are available.

Now Vorobyovy Gory is a popular tourist place. Both Muscovites and guests of the capital love to come here. The observation deck offers a beautiful panorama of Moscow. And the park stretching along the embankment is perfect for walks and active rest. On the Sparrow Hills there is an interesting architectural landmark of Soviet times - the main building of Moscow State University. Lomonosov (about him will be written in more detail below). Also among the architectural attractions of the Sparrow Hills are the Trinity Church, the St. Andrew's Monastery located at the foot, and the ancient estate Mamonova Dacha.

Moscow State University building on Vorobyovy Gory

The main architectural landmark of Sparrow Hills is the main building of Moscow State University. Its spire towers over the entire surrounding area and is visible from afar. The height of the building is 182 m, and the height with the spire is 240 m. The number of floors of the central building is 36. The Moscow State University building on Vorobyovy Gory is one of the famous “Stalinist high-rise buildings”. In 1947, at the suggestion of I.V. Stalin, the Council of Ministers decided to build eight high-rise buildings - they were supposed to symbolize the 800th anniversary of Moscow, which was celebrated in 1947. However, the construction of one of the buildings was stopped after Stalin's death. As conceived by the authors, the high-rise buildings were supposed to surround the Palace of the Soviets - a grandiose project that was never brought to life. The style of the seven high-rise buildings built was called Stalinist Empire.

The best specialists of that time were involved in the construction of the Moscow State University building on Vorobyovy Gory. The work began in 1948, and was supervised by Beria himself. B. M. Iofan was appointed chief architect. He developed the general composition of the building. However, he subsequently disagreed with foundation specialists about the location of the building. Soon B. M. Iofan was removed. Further work was carried out under the leadership of the architect L.V. Rudnev. It is noteworthy that the topic of his diploma work was called “University large city" The laying of the first stone took place in 1948. The work (construction, interior decoration, landscaping of the adjacent territory) was completed in 1953. On September 1 of this year, the first training sessions were held in the new building. For 37 years, the main building of Moscow State University on Vorobyovy Gory was the most tall building Europe (in 1990 the championship passed to Frankfurt).

Luzhniki

On the opposite bank of the Moscow River is located Olympic complex"Luzhniki". It is clearly visible from the observation deck on Vorobyovy Gory.

Particularly noteworthy is the main sports facility of Luzhniki - the stadium of the same name. Its construction began in 1955, and already in 1956 the grand opening took place. Since then, the stadium has been rebuilt many times.

Many sporting events were held at the Luzhniki Stadium. In 1980 he became central place Moscow Olympics. It is also a popular concert venue. For example, in 1990 the last concert of the Kino group took place here. It was attended by 72 thousand residents. During the concert, the Olympic flame was lit for the 4th and last time at the stadium. Other major concerts were also held: Michael Jackson (1993), Madonna (2006), Metallica (2007), Red Hot Chili Peppers and Gogol Bordello (2012), etc. In 2008, the UEFA Champions League final Chelsea took place at the Luzhniki Stadium " - "Manchester United".

In 2018, Luzhniki will host the FIFA World Cup. It is planned to host the opening match, one of the semi-finals and the final. The stadium is currently closed for reconstruction. This is the largest stadium in Russia and one of the largest in the world. The size of the field is 105x68 m. By 2018, it is planned to accommodate 81,000 seats in the stands. The option of demolishing the stadium and building a new one in its place was considered, but in the end it was decided to reconstruct the existing one.

 

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