What is the safest mode of transport? The safest transport

Introduce modern life impossible without transport. But once upon a time he was not there! Just think, the first wheeled cart appeared in Mesopotamia in 3500 BC! The need to carry heavy loads forced man to use animal strength. Then he invented a boat, a sail, and built the first ship. The invention of the engine gave new impetus to further development transport and the emergence of its new types. Transport has undergone a long process of development and further improvement since those ancient times. And now in the 21st century, life without transport is not only difficult, for many it is almost impossible. Society is developing, the modern rhythm of life requires increased activity from a person, so the need to travel long distances increases.

Nowadays, being in another country or even another continent within a few hours is no longer a problem. Humanity has achieved amazing success in the development of transport. To make it easier for people to move around, the following were invented:

  1. Water transport.
  2. Air.
  3. Ground.

Now people have cars, trains, planes, helicopters, ships, yachts, motorcycles, ATVs, buses, and trams in their service. The list goes on. Moreover, new types are emerging, for example, the electric car. Progress cannot be stopped.

With the advent of such a variety of means of transportation, the problem of covering long distances was solved. However, another question has arisen that concerns everyone without exception, which type of transport is the safest. The safety criterion when choosing a particular means of transportation is perhaps the most important.

Surely everyone has thought at least once about what is safer to drive. There are a lot of misconceptions and erroneous conclusions. For example, some people think that management own car- This is the most reliable way of transportation. This is argued by the fact that following traffic rules and being attentive on the road is the key to safety. However, we should not forget that there are many unscrupulous drivers on the road, and some do not even know the traffic rules. Sad but true. Only one thing is clear: there is no absolutely safe form of transport. However, humanity will never be able to completely abandon transport. But do not despair and go to extremes, limiting yourself on trips and long journeys. Everything is not as sad as it might seem.

To determine the most safe look transport, you need to turn to statistics. Interestingly, the safest, according to research, is air Transport. This fact causes surprise and distrust among most people. This is partly due to the large size of the aircraft themselves. In the event of a plane crash, a large number of people die, and the scale of the tragedy seems enormous. However, in reality this is not at all the case. The organization of flights is approached with great responsibility and caution. There is always pre-screening at airports. Airplanes must undergo a technical inspection (before each flight!). If you analyze the statistical indicators for the year, you can see that many more people die in car accidents. In Russia, more than 35 thousand people die within one year. The ratio of fatalities in plane crashes and car accidents is 1:1000.

Airplanes are becoming safer. There are (fortunately!) fewer and fewer accidents due to technical faults. In crowded cities where the roads are congested, the likelihood of getting into an accident increases. However, many (almost 85% of the population) continue to think that airplanes are more dangerous. Fear of flying leads to the development of aerophobia. It’s hard to fight it, and to convince a person that the plane is the most safe means, almost impossible. However, the facts indicate the opposite. More people die on the roads in 4 days than in 10 years of airplane flights.

The Boeing 737 is considered one of the most reliable and safe aircraft. If we look at the average frequency of flights, we can say that every second there are about 1,250 Boeing aircraft in the air. The accident rate is as follows: for every two million flights (possibly) 1 aircraft. Indeed, reliability is high! Moreover, the chances of surviving a plane crash are much greater than any other accident. This is confirmed by studies conducted in the USA: out of 53,487 people, 51,207 survived as a result of plane crashes. In the event of splashdown, the chances of survival increase by 50%. The next safest modes of transport after airplanes are water transport and rail.

All data and facts indicate that the safest is still an airplane. You should not be afraid of flying and refuse to fly, thereby depriving yourself of the opportunity to see new countries, experience the beauty of the world and broaden your horizons. Experienced pilots and crews do everything to ensure flight safety.

The safest form of transport has not yet been found, so you should not naively believe that you are in complete safety when moving on it. When compiling statistics, they are often not taken into account human factor and a series of absurd accidents.

Most without dangerous species Of course, it’s impossible to name transport clearly, but statistics indicate that the safest mode of transport is a train, and the most dangerous is a motorcycle or moped. Only one percent of the world's population rides motorcycles, but more than twenty percent of deaths occur on this type of transport. Motorcyclists are killed twenty-eight times more often than car drivers.

In second place among dangerous modes of transport is a regular bicycle. This means of transportation is also dangerous because children and teenagers die on it.

Next come the subways and ferries, which kill many people at once. The next two places are occupied by minibuses and cars, which a couple of years ago were considered the most dangerous types of transport. The fact is that the design of the machines has changed a lot, and the level of safety has increased.

In third place is the bus, which accounts for 0.5% of deaths per billion kilometers. Of course, these data are aggregated, since in Egypt bus accidents occur more often than in Russia.

Can the statement that an airplane is the safest form of transport be considered true? Probably far from fully due to a number of factors.

Flying by plane is much safer, since only 0.5% of deaths occur per one and a half billion kilometers. This takes into account not only disasters civil aviation, but also small aircraft helicopters.

It is worth clarifying that almost always all passengers and crew members die. When purchasing flight tickets and boarding the plane, passengers do not often think about where it is best and safest to sit down.

Experts, of course, are trying to determine the safest seats on the plane. These do not include the comfort seats located in the front, although they are located quite far from the engines.

The most dangerous places are considered to be in the middle of the aircraft cabin, since they are located above the wing of the aircraft. This leads to dire consequences when the fuel ignites, and there will be quite a lot of casualties.

Is it safe to fly on an airplane? Yes, if you find those very safe places in it. To minimize the risk of injury in a plane crash, you should choose seats near the emergency exit or at the rear of the plane. This is due to the fact that as a result of the panic that occurs in emergency situations, passengers run to the emergency exit. Those sitting next to him will not have to run across the entire cabin.

It is safe to sit at the back of the cabin, because the impact of the nose on the ground during a fall will cause vibrations that will not reach the tail of the aircraft. By the way, most often in the event of a disaster, it is precisely the tail section, allowing people to survive.

Thus, to the question of whether it is safe to fly on airplanes, we can answer that if all safety standards are observed, it is quite safe. However, if the airliner explodes at an altitude of several tens of kilometers, there will be no need to talk about the safety of passengers.

The most interesting thing is that all people in the world are terrified of flying, however, they easily get behind the wheel of a dangerous motorcycle.

Statistics for the safest mode of transport indicate that the bus ranks third dangerous place. It is worth noting that there are some differences between long-distance and intercity buses.

Buses that go far have soft and extremely comfortable seats. Bulk and heavy bags should not be kept with you; they are placed in the luggage compartment, so they will not injure the passenger if they fall on their head in an emergency.

In order to avoid unpleasant consequences as a result of an accident, you should follow some simple rules. Even the safest seats on a bus will not be able to save a person during an emergency if they are not wearing seat belts.

It is worth looking around in advance, choosing places closer to hatches or emergency exits. You should always keep documents, money and the most primitive first aid kit with you.

You don't need to occupy the front and back seats to feel safe. It is worth noting that in a head-on collision, the passengers who occupy the first four rows will suffer the most.

The safest place on the bus is in the middle. However, you need to understand where exactly it is located. If the place is located on the left near the window, then a blow from the side of the roadway is possible. It is worth sitting closer to the aisle, which will save you from a fatal blow that the person sitting next to you will take.

The safest seats on the bus long distance located in the very center. They are located near the emergency exit or middle door, provided the vehicle is large. Of course, these places are unlikely to save you if a bus is rammed by another vehicle, but in any other circumstances they will help you save your own life.

By the way, in case of a frontal impact the safest places will be from 13 to 18, and in case of a left impact – from third to seventh. In the event of an emergency with a blow from the right, those who occupy 10th and 22nd seats will definitely not die, and in a collision into the rear of the bus - 1st, 2nd, 21st, 22nd seats.

The question of which seats on the bus are the safest can be answered 100% by statistics. In this case, you need to clarify the type of bus and its range. In suburban settings, the safest place is where the person sits with their back to the driver or other passenger.

Many people in the world continue to worry about the question of which type of transport is the safest. It is worth clarifying that as a result huge amount In surveys conducted around the world, it was found that the safest mode of transport is the train.

The most safe trains are considered vehicles that move on the rails of most American and European countries. Russian railways rank second in terms of safety and reliability last place, since the mortality rate on them is only 0.7% per one and a half billion kilometers.

What is the safest mode of transport Russians found out for themselves in the All-Russian survey; more than 70% of citizens of our country consider the train the most reliable transport. In this case, there is no separation between commuter trains and by trains that will take you to another city or even country.

The safety of this type of transport lies in the fact that it follows strictly on the rails. Dispatcher services ensure that trains do not collide, which significantly reduces the possibility of an accident.

The safest seats in a train carriage are those located in the middle of the train. These cars, as a rule, are more stable and safe than their tail or head counterparts. In a head-on collision, passengers in the first carriages have very little chance of surviving; they will be the first to derail.

If you are traveling on a long-distance train, you should choose the fifth or sixth compartment. It is necessary to clarify that when traveling on the top bunk, you need to choose it in the direction of the train. You should not leave any objects on the table in the compartment, because there is a possibility of injury.

According to statistics, the safest mode of transport in the world will be reliable if all conditions are met. This can only be done if it is possible to book a ticket with the right to choose a seat.

It would be best to choose a compartment close to the conductor, since it will be easier to get out of it. In the event of a fire or other problems in the carriages, you should not pull the stop valve on the bridge or in the tunnel, as this will complicate the evacuation of passengers.

The safest seats in a subway car

The safest form of transport in Russia is a train that travels on the ground, but the metro is only in seventh place in terms of injury rates.

Before boarding a subway car, you should write down or remember your phone number behind the glass in the cab. It is necessary in order to contact the station duty officers.

Most often, trains in the metro, according to transport safety statistics, are exposed to the threat of terrorist attacks. If an explosion has taken place, you should not leave the carriage, because there is a risk that the electrical wires in the tunnel are damaged.

You need to choose seats in the middle carriages, because it is quite dangerous to be in the head section during an accident. Some experts clarify that it is a good idea to be in the tail car because of the possibility of quick evacuation from it.

The safest seats in a subway car are standing ones, since explosive devices are most often placed under the seats. It’s not a bad idea to be in a crowd, and the people around you will become a kind of human shield during an explosion.

Speaking about the safety of passengers during terrorist attacks, it is necessary to clarify that explosives are most often left in medium-sized carriages filled to capacity. For example, during the terrorist attacks in the Moscow metro, carriages number three and two were the most damaged.

At terrorist act You need to lie on the floor and not touch metal parts in the carriage to avoid electric shock.

Statistics on the safety of modes of transport are compiled from surveys of the world's inhabitants in various surveys or questionnaires. It is worth remembering that these sad statistics are calculated as the number dead people on a certain section of the path.

Statistical data does not always coincide with people’s surveys, but you still need to believe stubborn statistics.


When choosing how to get from point A to point B, we take into account 2 factors - speed and safety. Long trips narrow down the choice vehicle. Today we will discuss the degree of danger popular types transport.

Public opinion

"Which one is the most safe transport? – this was the question asked by VTsIOM sociologists. Monitoring was carried out for 3 years. Throughout this time, the opinion of Russians has remained virtually unchanged. Considered safe:

  • Metro – 69%;
  • bus and tram – 68%;
  • trains – 51%;
  • cars -48%;
  • trolleybus – 40%;
  • ferries – 38%.

It is interesting to see how people's attitudes towards air travel have changed. In 2011, only 22% of respondents named the plane as the safest mode of transport. The following year the number increased to 33%, and in 2013 it fell to 16%.

The director of the center, V. Fedorov, notes that information influences the indicators. Major plane crashes 2013 caused a drop in citizens' trust in aircraft.

Statistics

Official data differs from the position of ordinary Russians. First, let's find out how the mortality rate is determined on different means of transportation.

There are several methods. The most accurate and widespread calculation is the number of deaths per 100 million km or 160 million miles.

Each transport group contains the safest types of cars, motorcycles, etc. But the average version “as a whole” is taken. American statistical bureau DERT in 2000. This is how the overall mortality rate was calculated:

  • Airplanes – 0.5;
  • buses – 0.4;
  • trains – 0.6;
  • minibuses – 1.2;
  • water transport – 2.6;
  • cars – 3.1;
  • bicycles – 44.6;
  • on foot – 54.2;
  • motorcycle - 108.9.

Based on the flight coefficient of 0.5, a person needs to fly 200 million km before an accident occurs (according to statistics!). According to statistics, the safest mode of transport is an airplane. It is followed by rail and water transport. In order not to be unfounded, I will take the latest reports as a basis.

Aviation-safety.net has been tracking aviation accidents since 1996. From June 1 to November 1, 2017, the world crashed or committed emergency landing 117 aircraft, 279 people died.

In the first five months of this year, in Russia alone, 5,770 people died as a result of road accidents and another 71,461 were injured. Even the safest cars are unable to reduce this number.

According to regnum.ru, over 5 months, trains had the worst results: 41 people died, 172 were injured.

Airplanes take off every 3 seconds. Therefore, the figures are quite comparable and give a general idea of ​​the number of victims over the same period of time. Every year, about 1,000 people die from air transport crashes, and up to two thousand by rail.

Aviation

A car cannot be called the safest means of transportation. In addition, the idea that it is impossible to survive a plane crash is also wrong. If you look at the incident registration resource table, you can see that in most cases there were no casualties. For every 500 disasters in the United States over 20 years, there were 5% of fatalities.

If we take only major crashes from the total, the mortality rate will be about 50%.

In 2007 Popular magazine Mechanics named the safest seats on the plane. Journalists analyzed data from the US National Security Council for 30 years. They drew attention to the dependence of the number of victims on location.


The number of aircraft survivors as a result of accidents, depending on the landing site

Almost 70% of the survivors remain in the section beyond the edge of the aircraft's wing. 56% of those sitting above the wing survive. The main impact of a collision with the ground falls on the nose of the liner, so the tail is relatively safe.

There are also statistics on the safest planes. Here are the top five:

  • Airbus A340 - 341 aircraft of this type were produced over 24 years. Over 13.5 million flight hours, 5 accidents were recorded and not a single casualty was reported;
  • Airbus A330 – 577 copies. 1 incident per 14 million flight hours. A total of 8 units lost, 346 deaths;
  • Boeing 747 – 1 accident in 17.5 million flights. There are 941 ships in operation, 51 were lost as a result of accidents, 3,732 people died.
  • Boeing 737 NG – since 1997 3 tragedies occurred (1/17 million hours).

Interesting fact: The Boeing 747 is officially certified to fly without 1 engine (out of 4). Those. in case of failure, he can safely continue the flight to his destination, without emergency landings.

The Boeing 777 is considered the safest aircraft in the world. The total flight time of 748 aircraft since 1995 has amounted to more than 20 million hours. 3 people died in two incidents. One ship has been lost in its entire history. It is important to understand that the rating is compiled without taking into account military operations and terrorist attacks.

Motor transport

Oddly enough, the car we are used to is one of the most dangerous means of transportation, second only to motorcycles. Let's think about our safety in the car. The resource testauto.ru publishes data largest companies conducting crash tests. Based on this rating, we will determine the safest cars.

In the general rating column, Volkswagen Passat, Volvo XC-90, Toyota RAV-4, Toyota Prius, Mercedes E-class and C-class, Lexus GS, Jeep Grand Cherokee receive “excellent”.

Such popular brands as BMV 3 Series, Dodge Caliber, Honda Accord VI, Honda Civic Hathback V, Honda CR-V, Volvo S-70 and S-80 and a number of other cars passed the “good” test.

The main criteria for grading are frontal and side impacts, rollovers, and child safety. You can familiarize yourself with other grades in detail on the specified website, but we have listed all the excellent students. The source calls the Volvo XC90 the safest car in the world with reference to EuroNCAP specialists. The device scored the maximum number of stars.

Interestingly, the rating system of some crash tests includes a “pedestrian” rating. Unfortunately, if you look at the table it becomes clear: these participants traffic practically unprotected. Be careful on the roads!

Safe seats in the cabin

Automobile

Do you know what is the safest place in a car? Most people are convinced that it is behind the driver's seat. If a vehicle is hit on the side, the driver and the passenger sitting behind will have equal chances of survival.

The center of the vehicle is least susceptible to damage in an accident. That's why the middle between the two rear seats is considered the most safe place in car.

Public transport

Least dangerous to occupy central places public transport. The logic is similar: the greatest probability of collision with cars moving on the left. Accordingly, passengers sitting by the window will be under attack.

It is also not recommended to sit in the back four rows. In the first seats, it is better to sit behind the driver's seat, especially if the seats are located with their backs in the direction of travel. The middle of the cabin remains the safest place on the bus.

Other payment options

This article discusses one option for calculating safety, from the point of view of passenger kilometers. The question can be resolved based on the number of deaths per billion hours. Then, buses will come out in first place, and planes will come down to third. If we take a billion trips as a basis, trains will become the leader, air travel will take seventh place.

All methods have advantages and disadvantages. Statisticians use various algorithms. It’s enough for us to know: it’s safer to travel over short distances by land, and over long distances – by air. Well, the safest transport is a spaceship. He is beyond competition in any case. In the entire history of space exploration, 18 people have died.

We introduced you to transport safety calculation systems and introduced you to the course of sociological surveys. Now, the floor is yours. Which means of transportation is preferable for you? We are waiting for your comments!

We studied many official statistics sites and found out that there is no clear answer to such a seemingly simple question, but still we compiled this rating, taking into account all the conclusions and all the principles of calculation.

Let's start with the fact that the complexity of risk calculation arises from the first minute of calculations, from the question of what indicator to calculate. If we take the total number of deaths from accidents for a specific type of transport, we get an obvious answer, because thousands of people in every country in the world, including pedestrians, die in car accidents every year. Unlike a train or an airplane, where no more than 1,000 people die per year worldwide, incidents with this type of transport lead to a large number victims, but they occur relatively rarely, no more than 2-3 every year. But if most of us do not travel by plane and train every day, then by car or bus, almost every day.

In principle, there are three possible ways to calculate transport risks, in terms of distance (deaths per billion km), number of trips (deaths per billion trips) or travel time.

Stakeholders typically choose the form of calculation of statistics according to their own purposes.

For example, in the airline industry, they almost always choose a method based on calculations in kilometers, which is optimal for them, since most deaths occurs during landing and takeoff, and the intermediate distances are long. For land transport, on the contrary, there will be a tendency to choose a method based on calculating sacrifices per number of trips or hours of travel, since the risks are evenly distributed. Thus, both modes of transport are able to demonstrate that they are the safest mode of transport.

Statistics are based on data from the statistical bureau DETR (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions - American bureau 2000). They record the number of deaths per billion km, the number of trips and travel times.

Transport safety calculation by mileage:

1. Air travel 0.05

2. Buses 0.4

3. Railway 0.6

3. Minibuses (Van) 1,2

4. Water transport 2.6

5. Cars 3.1

6. Bicycles 44.6

7. Walking 54.2

8. Motorcycle 108.9

It is clear that you can’t walk very far, and there are a lot of accidents with pedestrians on the road.

Transport safety calculation based on the number of trips:

1. Buses 4.3

2. Railway transport 20

3. Minibuses (Van) 20

4-5. By car and on foot 40

6. Water transport 90

7. Air travel 117

8. Bicycle 170

9. Motorcycle 1640

Transport safety calculation based on travel time:

1. Buses 11.1

2. Railway 30

3. Air transport 30.8

4. Water transport 50

5. Minibuses (Van) 60

6. Car 130

7. Walking 220

8. Bicycle 550

9. Motorcycle 4840

And as we already wrote in the article, about . Over the past 10 years, the number of serious incidents in air transport has fallen by 36%. The mortality rate during air travel is 1 death per 1 million passengers. As a result, the chances of dying in a car are now 62 times higher than while flying on an airplane, say experts from the Ascend agency. Which, accordingly, raises air transport in the ranking, in any of the calculations, both on the number of trips and on the time of travel. And based on the time of movement, it bypasses railway transport.

Conclusions, there is no safe transport, due to big amount transport, crossing the streets is also quite dangerous, but no matter what, you should refrain from such a type of transport as a motorcycle. Since the statistics were taken from the American bureau, it is worth making adjustments for our countries; our minibuses are just as unsafe as regular cars. And the airlines are quite reliable, ().

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Many people believe that the most dangerous form of transport- This is a minibus. VTsIOM conducted a study according to which Russians consider planes, trains, buses and subways much safer than cars and minibuses. The maritime and river transport. Let's try to find out what the most dangerous type of transport threatens people with.

Motor transport

Cars have long been considered very dangerous to human health and life. Unpredictable roads and manual control of vehicles are factors that create great danger for road users. Self-confident car owners have the feeling that they are in control of the situation on the road. But this is just an illusion.

It often happens that accidents occur for reasons beyond the control of drivers. Mistakes are made by other road users. technical issues cars, foreign objects on the road are also dangerous factors. While you are reading this article (3 minutes), there has been at least one road accident in the country. In states where aggressive driving is considered the norm, the situation on the road is much worse.

The most dangerous type of transport- automobile, as many experts believe. The danger threatens not only the specific driver, but also all other road users. On Russian roads About 35 thousand people die every year in car accidents.

Motorcycles and bicycles

Even more dire are the situations involving two-wheeled vehicles in the form of motorcycles, unicycles and scooters. Driving in this case requires specific skills. It is no less dangerous to ride a bicycle on the roads. Inexperienced cyclists ride without a helmet, which increases the risk of injury. The dangers of cycling as a mode of transport are often underestimated.

In reality, cycling enthusiasts often become involved in road accidents because they forget about the safety requirements highways. This is especially true for extreme skiing. In the USA there are statistics reflecting the death of cyclists in the country: 700-900 people per year.

Aircraft

Air transport is considered less dangerous than road transport. However, airliner crashes always attract more attention than road accidents. Mourning is declared for those killed in plane crashes, since this happens simultaneously and immediately goes to the funds mass media. But what society fails to realize is that, statistically, many more people die in car accidents. Therefore, the airplane cannot be called the most dangerous type of transport.

Among air transport, private planes pose the main danger to human life. The quality of their management and service is questionable. Such aircraft are not very reliable in technical terms and are more dependent on the weather than airliners of carrier companies. Flights are dangerous in themselves, no one argues with that. However, the media exaggerate the degree of danger of aircraft. It is much safer to fly a significant distance than to cover the same number of kilometers by car.

It happens that planes crash, but this happens extremely rarely. In this case, all passengers die. The mortality rate in air transport is 0.6 people/160 million km. What are the risks for passengers when flying? The chance of crashing is one in a million flights. If we consider the risks, then it is worth noting that walking is also dangerous. A person who chooses his legs as the optimal mode of transport also takes risks: he can get sick, lose his way, trip, break his leg, become a victim of robbery, etc.

Some people are afraid of flying because they cannot control the situation during the flight. While driving a car, this problem does not arise. That's why ground transport It is often mistakenly considered safer, although many people die on the roads.

Public ground transportation

If we consider public transport, buses are the most common. They are convenient, versatile and easy to use. Modern buses handle any asphalt roads well. Disadvantages of this type of transport: frequent stops, low speed, environmental air pollution when driving, etc.

Among public transport, the minibus taxi stands out. This is the most dangerous form of transport today. Minibuses and minibuses move chaotically, blocking stops and ignoring traffic rules. Trying to save time, drivers forget about the safety of passengers. During rush hours people in minibus taxis ride standing. All this leads to the fact that minibuses become the initiators of accidents more often than other cars. The consequences of such accidents are very severe.

How dangerous are trains and ships?

A train moves much slower than an airplane. Therefore, it is considered more dangerous. There are many risk factors here: derailment, stop valve, sudden obstacle at a crossing, etc. The mortality rate on the railway is 0.9 people/160 million km.

The most dangerous mode of transport can be considered aquatic. Accidents, accidental collisions, storms, falls from the deck are common occurrences on the water. Mortality per water transport equal to 1.2 people/160 million km. Many people prefer to travel by train because they feel safer there. However, statistics show that accidents occur more often on the railway than in airspace. Therefore, if we compare railway, water and air transport, then the safest will be the latter.

We assessed the degree of danger of the most popular modes of transport. It turns out that the most dangerous type of transport is cars.

 

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