Population of Bishkek. Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic. Shopping and shops

The city of Bishkek is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. He is considered the most major center in the republic. Various areas are developed here: industry, transport, culture. Bishkek is a city of republican subordination. Located in the center in the north. The area of ​​this administrative center is 127 square meters. km.

A little history

The etymology of the name has two versions. According to one, the city is named after the hero of the legend - the hero Bishkek-Batyr. According to the second, the word “bishkek” is translated from the local dialect as “club”. The formation of a settlement in this area is due to the fact that its eastern branch passed precisely through this territory - through the Chui Valley. Over time, the sites became permanent, the population increased, and by the 12th century the settlement of Dzhul was formed on these lands. After the Silk Road ceased to operate, the cities that existed thanks to it ceased to exist.

After some time, the Uzbek population took root in this territory, forming the Kokand Khanate. Within the Borders modern city The Pishpek fortress was built, on the ruins of which the city was founded in 1825. In 1926, the settlement of Pishpek was renamed Frunze. The city begins to actively develop according to all the parameters of the USSR: industrial enterprises are being built, gaining momentum Agriculture, under construction educational institutions, theaters, museums and other public buildings that proudly represent Kyrgyzstan. The capital (Frunze) received official status in 1936. After the collapse of the USSR, the name was changed to Bishkek.

Physiographic characteristics of the city

Bishkek is located at the foot of the Tien Shan. The terrain is hilly, the average height above sea level is 700-900 meters. The city borders between the temperate and subtropical climate zones. The region has a sharply continental climate throughout the entire territory of a state such as Kyrgyzstan. The capital, of course, is no exception. Here the average January temperatures are -2° C...-4° C, July +23° C...+25° C. summer period humidity increases - up to 75%. The average annual precipitation is 400-500 mm. Two tributaries of the Chu watercourse flow through the city: the Ala-Archa and Alamedin rivers. Both originate on the tops of the southern mountain range. By northern region part of the largest irrigation canal in Kyrgyzstan, the Bolshoi Chuisky (BChK), passes through the city.

Administrative division

Of course, if we consider all the cities that belong to the capital, it is the largest. By administrative division, since the times of the USSR, Bishkek was divided into three districts: Leninsky, Sverdlovsky and Pervomaisky. Already in the 70s, another district of the city was built - Oktyabrsky. The largest is Leninsky. Its subordination also includes settlements located near the city - the town. Chon-Aryk and Orto-Sai village. Each district is headed by an akim. This is the name of the head of the state district administration.

Population of the capital of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan

The capital is a city with almost a million population. According to statistics for 2016, more than 944 thousand people live in it. If we count the neighboring agglomeration, this number increases to 1 million. Bishkek can be called an international city. Representatives of many nationalities live here. In terms of percentage, they are arranged as follows: most of all, about 66% are Kyrgyz, 23% of the population are Russian. The remaining 20% ​​are made up of the following nationalities: Kazakhs, Tatars, Uzbeks, Koreans, Uighurs, Ukrainians, etc. In total, there are about 80 of them. The main language of communication in the city is Russian. As for religious affiliation, several religions are also professed here. The local population, the Kyrgyz, are Sunni Muslims. Russians profess Orthodox Christianity. Representatives of other religions are present in a smaller percentage.

Economy of Bishkek

(see photo in the article) is rightly called industrial center countries. Enterprises of all industries operate in Bishkek. The largest of them specialize in metalworking and mechanical engineering, light and food industries and energy. They are concentrated mainly in the eastern part of the city. Due to its close location to Kazakhstan and China, Bishkek is also considered a trading center. This industry occupies one of the leading places. Why is that? And all because the capital of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan is an international trade hub between the above countries and Russia.

The management of Bishkek is taken over by the state administration - the city kenesh. All types of transport are developed here. There is a railway connection, the airport is located 20 km from the city. From public transport There are buses, trolleybuses and taxis. Also in plans for the coming years is the construction of a metro line or an electric train.

Ecology and attractions

Bishkek is considered the ecological capital of Russia. The city received this status due to its abundant landscaping. Numerous parks, squares, alleys, boulevards make its territory a green “oasis” of Kyrgyzstan. There are also many attractions here that have been preserved from the times of the Soviet Union. Among them are many buildings from this period - Historical Museum, Philharmonic and others historical monuments. After reading the information presented, each of you will be able to answer what the capital of Kyrgyzstan is, who lives in it and how this administrative center is developing.

“Mixer for whipping kumiss” - this is how the name of the city of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, its modern and historical center, is translated. The green city is what the Kyrgyz people call it, not only because of the abundance of centuries-old oaks and poplars that shade the busy boulevards with dense shadows, but also because of the youthful spirit and optimism in the air of the Kyrgyz capital. Founded in the 7th century, Bishkek today is an unusually young and bustling city: there are a lot of bars and discos, next to which traditional teahouses organically coexist, independence monuments and sculptures of ancient Kyrgyz heroes do not interfere - on the contrary, they complement each other, and on the streets Centuries-old elders in “kalpaks” and colorful robes and starlets with a minimum of clothing walk mixed together. And koumiss, by the way, is much easier to find here than some foreign “mojito”.

How to get to Bishkek

It is easy to get from Moscow to Bishkek by regular flights of the national carrier Kyrgyzstan Airlines and the Russian S7 and Aeroflot. The boards of Kyrgyzstan Airlines take off 4 times a week from Moscow Domodedovo. Aeroflot operates one flight daily and two on Wednesday and Friday from Sheremetyevo-F. Flight time is about 4 hours. On the S7 wings you can reach Bishkek only with an intermediate landing in Novosibirsk.

Bishkek Manas International Airport is located approximately 30 km from the city. You can get from there to the center of the Kyrgyz capital by taxi in half an hour.

Search for flights to Bishkek

Transport in the city

The most convenient way to get around Bishkek is by taxi - they are very inexpensive and scurry around the streets of the capital in abundance. You can “catch” a car on the street or order it at any time of the day by calling 150, 152, 154, 156, 166, 182 or 188. A trip within the city will cost 100-300 KGS during the day and 150-500 KGS at night. In any case, it is better to clarify the cost in advance. You can also rent a car with a driver for the whole day - this will cost less than a similar service at rental offices. Expect 1500-2000 KGS per day.

Prices on the page are for October 2018.

Since independence, many street names in Bishkek have changed, so when going to any address, it is better to find out both the old and new name, and even better, use a prominent landmark.

Another option is affordable minibuses with 9-14 seats, running along all the more or less busy streets. The rules for their use are identical to the Russian ones: wave to the approaching car, hand over the fare to the driver (15-20 KGS, indicated in the cabin) and loudly announce the disembarkation point.

Public transport in Bishkek is represented by buses and trolleybuses. They are open from 5:30-6:00 to 21:00-21:30. The fare costs 8-10 KGS. You need to enter through the back door and exit through the front door. The fare is paid to the conductor upon exit.

Weather forecast

Average monthly temperature, °C day and night

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Maps of Bishkek

Cuisine and restaurants of Bishkek

Bishkek has a lot of establishments serving Kyrgyz, Asian, Russian, Persian and other friendly cuisines. You can get an inexpensive snack at fast foods, where they serve the Kyrgyz equivalent of a hamburger: a sandwich with a flat cutlet and all sorts of vegetables and sauce. Other options for “fast food” are samsa, kebabs and a variety of kebabs. Of course, in the Kyrgyz capital there is also a pizzeria-brasserie (and where are they not?) - there you can taste international Italian pizza, pasta and other pasta, French crepes, etc. To thoroughly taste the dishes of the national “haute cuisine”, go at the Labyrinth cafe (they serve delicious beshbarmak), the Mazai cafe (various hare dishes), the Astana cafe (chicken shish kebab and live music on weekend evenings), the Jalalabad teahouse and the Faiza cafe " You can “sit in style” in a pompous Four Seasons- exquisite dishes of European and Asian cuisines, live music and the opportunity to dine on the outdoor terrace in the warm season.

You can refresh yourself while walking around the city with the carbonated drink "Shoro" made from wheat flour - it is sold by the glass from street stalls.

Popular hotels in Bishkek

Shopping and shops

You should buy Kyrgyz souvenirs in the TSUM, which is familiar to us from the general Soviet past - the central department store of the Kyrgyz capital on Chui Avenue, 155. There is a large selection of local crafts from reasonable prices. Another popular shopping site in Bishkek is the bustling and colorful Osh Bazaar, where it seems you can buy even the most outlandish goods. The Dordoi market sells a variety of household goods, clothing and shoes, and at the Ak-Emir bazaar you can buy fresh products from local farmers: fruits and vegetables, kumiss and soft cheeses, horse sausage and much more. High-quality folk crafts - "kalpaks", felt carpets, items of national costume - are sold in the Kyrgyz Style store on Bokonbaeva Street, 133 and the cozy Asahi boutique on Chui Avenue, 136. Fans of antiques will be delighted by the real Aladdin's cave on Manas Avenue, 47 - Many Kyrgyz and Asian antiquities are collected here, as well as iconic things from the Soviet era. For “painting”, you should look into the Asia Gallery, cute and original clay products can be found in the Saimaluu-Tash art gallery, and magnificent (and expensive) embroidery is presented in the Tumar art salon.

Guides in Bishkek

Entertainment and attractions of Bishkek

Modern sights of Bishkek: the central Ala-Too square and the “Erkindik” Statue of Liberty in the form of a Kyrgyz woman holding the upper elements of a “tyundyuk” yurt, the Parliament building, the State flagpole (change of guard every hour from 7:00 to 18:00), the sculptural complex “ Manas”, depicting the legendary Kyrgyz hero on a faithful horse, surrounded by his wife and adviser, and the Victory Monument.

Among the museums in the city, the Historical Museum is recommended for visiting - here you can see numerous ancient artifacts found during excavations: rock paintings of the Saimaluu-Tash settlement, runic inscriptions of Talas, household items from the Bronze Age and jewelry of nomadic tribes of the beginning of our era, ancient coins. Ethnographic collections deserve special attention: embroidery and national costumes, richly decorated horse harness, felt and wool carpets, products made of clay and straw. In the museum fine arts You can delve into the intricacies of the installation and internal layout of a traditional yurt, see national Shyrdak carpets and other felt products, and also enjoy the paintings of Kyrgyz, Uzbek and Russian artists. Those nostalgic for the Soviet era can go to the Frunze Museum and visit the Sculpture Park with an exhibition on the theme “Peace and Labor”.

At the Museum of Fine Arts, you can delve into the intricacies of the installation and internal layout of a traditional yurt, as well as see national Shyrdak carpets.

Popular parks in Bishkek: “Oak Park” and Panfilov Park, Kemal Ataturk Park, Erkindik Avenue, planted with oaks and silver poplars, Young Guard Boulevard.

The surrounding areas of the city are worth a visit natural Park“Baityk Valley” and climb Mount Boz-Peldek, from which you can see beautiful view to Bishkek. U southern slope Mountains there is a cemetery "Khan's Graves", where the legendary ruler of the valley is buried. Note the wrought iron tower with its magnificent dome. You can see rare plants in the Chon-Aryk botanical reserve, and improve your health at the peat mud deposit in the village of Kamyshanovka.

Bishkek(Kyrgyzstan Bishkek) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan and The largest city countries. It constitutes a special administrative unit.

Population - 846.5 thousand inhabitants (2010). Unlike the southern regions of the republic, a high percentage of the population is made up of Russians and Russian-speaking residents.

The city is located in the north of the Kyrgyz Republic, in the Chu Valley, at the foothills of the Tien Shan, 40 km north of the Kyrgyz ridge, 25 km from the border with Kazakhstan.

Structure

The territory of the city is 160 km².

Administratively, the city is divided into 4 districts.

The Chon-Aryk village kenesh, which includes the urban-type settlement of Chon-Aryk and the village of Orto-Sai, is subordinate to the Leninsky district.

Story

The city of Bishkek has been known since the 7th century. like the settlement of Dzhul (Forge Fortress). In 1825, the Kokand fortress Pishpek was founded, housing the largest garrison in the Chui Valley. Twice (September 4, 1860 and October 24, 1862) it was captured by Russian troops. In November 1862, the fortress was destroyed, and in its place two years later a Cossack picket was established, then a bazaar began to gather here. In 1868 the village of Pishpek was founded. On April 29, 1878, in connection with the transfer of the county center to Pishpek, it received the status of a city (see Semirechensk region).

Since October 1924 it has become the administrative center of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Since May 1925 it has been the administrative center of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. In 1926 it was renamed Frunze in honor of a native of the city, Soviet military leader Mikhail Frunze. Since 1936, Frunze has been the capital of the Kirghiz SSR. On February 1, 1991, by decision of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan, the city was renamed Bishkek. According to one version, the new name comes from the mythical hero Bishkek-Baatyr, who lived in this area in the 18th century. According to another, from the consonance of the words Pishpek (the first name) and Bishkek (kitchen utensils, a stick for churning butter).

On April 7-8, 2010, the city suffered greatly from the actions of looters during the coup d'etat. Several burned shopping centers, building tax office, the parliament, television center and the building of the National Security Service were damaged and looted National Museum, where valuable works of art were kept.

City symbols

The coat of arms of the city of Bishkek is a rectangular silhouette of a fortress, where below, under the broken line of mountains, “Bishkek” is written in large letters, and above it on the wall of the fortress is a light square with a snow leopard in the center of the circle.

Population

The city of Bishkek (formerly known as Frunze) is the largest city in Kyrgyzstan and at the same time its capital. The city is characterized by complex and ambiguous demographic processes. Historically, a large urban settlement arose on the site of Bishkek only in the last quarter of the 19th century after the entry of Kyrgyzstan and the Chui Valley into the Russian Empire and the appearance of the first settled settlers, mainly Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Dungans and Sarts. At the beginning of the 20th century, local Kyrgyz began to settle near the city. However, until 1924 the city was actually an agricultural village. During the Great Patriotic War, after the evacuation of a number of residents and industries from the front to the rear, rapid industrial growth began in the city, which continued until the collapse of the USSR.

Demographic situation

Until the end of the 20th century, Frunze remained a predominantly Russian-speaking city, but the demographic situation in it began to change already in the late 60s. The policy of rooting and the demographic explosion in the Kyrgyz environment led to the beginning of mass migration of Kyrgyz people from other regions of the republic in the second half of the 20th century. After the collapse of the USSR, these processes took on a spontaneous, uncontrollable character and Russians ceased to be the largest ethnic group in the region, and due to mass emigration, their share fell by more than 20 percentage points in the city and region. Kyrgyz now make up more than half of the city's population, mainly in the southern and eastern areas of spontaneous development. But the capital still has a fairly high proportion of various ethnolinguistic minorities. According to the 1999 census, 762 thousand inhabitants lived in the city, which is 151,000 or 24.7% more than in 1989 - 15.8% of the country's population and 45% of its urban population. The main demographic indicators of the city are ambiguous, since the demographic behavior of European and Asian peoples differs significantly. The region, compared to other regions, is characterized by a moderate birth rate (although it has increased slightly as the proportion of Kyrgyz and other Asian peoples has grown), a moderate mortality rate, low natural growth and a significant level of emigration outside Kyrgyzstan in the last decade (especially among Europeans, and recently also Kyrgyz people heading to work in neighboring Kazakhstan and Russia), as well as a high level of migration of Kyrgyz people from the southern regions and mountain villages in search of work in the capital, where the majority find work in bazaars and clothing markets. The economic situation in the capital has also deteriorated significantly compared to the past.

National composition

The ethnic composition of the city is still variegated, but there is a tendency towards an absolute predominance of the Kyrgyz population and a rapid decline in the proportion of Russian speakers who previously dominated, which affects the general atmosphere in which a new balance is being established. So, according to the 1970 census, the city’s population was 431 thousand people, of which:
Russians 66.1% 285 thousand
Kyrgyz 12.3% 53 thousand
Ukrainians 6.2% 27 thousand
Tatars 3.2% 14 thousand
Uighurs 1.6% 7 thousand
Uzbeks 1.5% 6 thousand
Other 9.1% 40 thousand

According to the 1989 census:
Russians 55.8% 341 thousand (+19.6%)
Kyrgyz 22.3% 138 thousand (2.6 times)
Ukrainians 5.5% 34 thousand (+25.9%)
Other 16.4% 100 thousand

According to the 1999 census:
Kyrgyz 397 thousand 52.1% (2.9 times)
Russians 253 thousand 33.2% (-26%)
Ukrainians 16 thousand 2.1% (-53%)
Tatars 16 thousand 2.1%
Koreans 13 thousand 1.7%
Uzbeks 13 thousand 1.7%
Uighurs 13 thousand 1.7%
Kazakhs 12 thousand 1.6%
Germans 5 thousand 0.7%
Dungans 4 thousand 0.5%
Turks 3 thousand 0.4%
Azerbaijanis3 thousand 0.4%
Other 14 thousand (1.8%)

It is noteworthy that representatives of 7 Turkic peoples live in significant numbers in the city: Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, Tatars, Uzbeks, Uighurs, Turks and Azerbaijanis. The Russian language acts as a means of interethnic communication; in addition to the Kyrgyz language, many others are common as a native language.

Natural conditions

Bishkek is located in the center of the Chui Valley, at the foot of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too ridges, at an altitude of 760 meters above sea level. Bishkek by climatic conditions occupies the extreme southern position in the continental climate region of temperate latitudes. The monthly duration of sunshine is greatest in July - 322 hours, least in December - 126 hours. The climate in Bishkek is sharply continental, average annual temperature air +10.2 °C. The coldest month is January (-4 °C), the warmest is July (+24.7 °C). The average monthly relative humidity increases from 44% in June and July to 74% in March, the annual average is 60%. The rivers Ala-Archa, Alamedin, and the Big Chui Canal (BChK) flow through the city.
Average annual temperature - +10.6 C°
Average annual wind speed - 1.7 m/s
Average annual air humidity - 60%

Policy

Local authority

Local self-government in Kyrgyzstan exists in populated areas and is implemented through the election by communities of local keneshes (councils) - representative bodies (analogous to the state parliament only in localities), as well as executive and administrative bodies, permanent bodies headed by heads and implementing the decisions of keneshes (councils) . Local keneshes exist at the level of settlements, when in the past there were regional and district keneshes, forming a triarchy, in connection with which it was proposed to abolish the regional and district links. The heads of executive and administrative bodies (depending on the level - head, mayor) are elected by deputies of local keneshes (councils). The exception is the capital - the city of Bishkek, as well as cities of republican significance, including the city of Osh in the south, whose mayors are appointed at the proposal of the President of the state. Local self-government exists alongside local government bodies: regions are governed by governors, and districts by akims.

Mayor

On July 7, 2008, the President of Kyrgyzstan Kurmanbek Bakiyev signed a decree appointing Nariman Tyuleev to the post of mayor, replacing Daniyar Usenov in this post. Nariman Tyuleev previously headed the national company Kyrgyz Railways. The beginning of Tyuleev’s activities began with the dismantling of the fence in front of the Hyatt Regency hotel, which limited access for citizens to the monument to the first ballerina of the Kyrgyz Republic, Byubusary Beishenalieva.

Representative power

Representative power is exercised as state level, and at the local level. The national representative body is the parliament - the Jogorku Kenesh (analogous to the State Duma in the Russian Federation). At the time of the Declaration of Independence, Parliament was unicameral, then became bicameral, and then became unicameral again. Currently, the Jogorku Kenesh (parliament) consists of 90 deputies elected for a period of five years according to party lists (proportional system). In the December 2007 elections, which were criticized for being undemocratic and massively falsified by observers from among public organizations and outside it - by the OSCE Mission, the European Network of Election Observer Organizations ENEMO, the pro-presidential party "Ak Zhol" (translated into Russian - Bright Path) received the majority of seats. Before the dissolution of parliament and a referendum on the adoption of a new constitution, initiated by President Bakiyev in the fall of 2007, the Jogorku Kenesh consisted of 70 deputies elected under a majoritarian system.

Representative power at the local government level is represented by local keneshes (councils), elected by local communities of settlements. With the exception of cities of republican significance, chairmen of local keneshes are elected from among the deputies; in Bishkek, candidates for the post of mayor are proposed by the president of the state, which diminishes the importance of local self-government. An example of the insolvency of local self-government is the adoption by the Bishkek City Council of Deputies on the eve of the early parliamentary elections of 2007 of the Rules for holding rallies, processions, and demonstrations that contradict current laws and the Constitution. Subsequently, the Constitutional Court recognized these rules as inconsistent with the Constitution, which once again confirmed that local government still remains an appendage of state power. The date of elections for deputies of local councils is October 5, 2008. Due to changes to the Electoral Code, adopted together with the Constitution by referendum in 2007, political parties received significant powers at the local level.

Transport

Railway transport is represented by a small section - Lugovaya station - the city of Balykchy. Construction was announced railway To China. In former times, there was a railway connection with the south of Kyrgyzstan through the city of Jalal-Abad through the territory of Uzbekistan. However, with the collapse of the USSR and the announcement of Uzbekistan visa regime This message has ceased to exist.

For urban transport there are trolleybuses, buses, minibuses, and taxis. Trolleybuses are used in the cities of Bishkek and Naryn.

Buses

In Bishkek (Frunze), until 1990, there were about 60 city and 26 taxi public transport routes. Urban transportation was carried out mainly using buses: Ikarus-260 (yellow), Ikarus-280 (yellow), LAZ-695, there were also several two-door Ikarus-263 (operating on route No. 153 Aeroflot agency - Manas airport) , LIAZ-677 was used in very small quantities. In 1985, in Frunze, red LIAZ-5256 buses in the amount of 5-8 vehicles arrived for testing, which were used until the early 90s, new buses of this brand were not delivered. The main transport used by minibuses is RAF-2203 cars, so on routes 121,122 heading to Manas airport, Polish minibuses Nysa-522 were occasionally used, and on suburban lines UAZ-452. In the 90s, the bulk of the Ikarus buses fell into disrepair, mostly private carriers used used buses from European countries, as well as minibuses based on the KAVZ-685 bus; in the 2000s, buses completely disappeared from the streets of the Kyrgyz capital and transportation carried out so-called private “buses”, mainly converted from all-metal cargo vans of the Mercedes brand, in small quantities there were “Rafikis”, “Gazelles”, “Volkswagens”, and some other brands. Boarding in such minibus taxis was carried out through the front right door, the rear right door was welded, which made it possible to place several additional passenger seats, the seats were right next to each other, which created a certain discomfort, with the exception of the RAF-2203, which were originally passenger minibuses. However, a large number of various routes (about 500 routes) made it possible to cover all the streets of the city with transportation; there was practically no street or lane along which a minibus would not pass at least once every 2-3 hours. In 2008, middle-class buses were purchased from China FAW XQ6760SH2, Yahing GS6811GH and small Shaolin SLG6570CF, many closed ones have been restored bus routes. There is also a bus service between the cities; the city has two bus stations: Western (new, intercity) and Eastern (old suburban).

Another common method of transportation is taxis, running between the capital Bishkek and some regional centers - Talas, Naryn, Osh, Jalal-Abad. From Osh city there is a taxi to Jalal-Abad and Batken. Each passenger pays the cost of the trip based on one seat. In the Issyk-Kul direction from Bishkek, especially in summer, there is a significant flow of buses, fixed-route taxis and passing taxis. From Bishkek to minibus you can get to the city of Balykchy - the former Rybachye - at the beginning of Issyk-Kul, the city of Cholpon-Ata - on the northern shore of Lake Issyk-Kul, where there are many boarding houses, as well as the city of Karakol - the far part of the basin, considered the administrative center of the Issyk-Kul region and located 10-12 km from the lake shore. The road to Batken and Talas involves crossing the border; There are internal routes, but the condition of some of them is not always satisfactory. It is planned to create a light metro and an urban electric train - see article.

Mass media

Newspapers
MSN
Evening Bishkek
White Sail

News agencies
Business AKIpress
AKIpress
24.kg
KNIA "Kabar"

Science and education

Bishkek is the largest scientific and educational center in Kyrgyzstan. In Bishkek there are:
National Academy of Science Kyrgyz Republic,
Kyrgyz National University named after Zhusup Balasagyn
Kyrgyz Technical University named after Iskhak Razzakov (formerly Frunze Polytechnic Institute),
Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture (KGUSTA),
Kyrgyz Agrarian University named after K. Scriabin (formerly Agricultural Institute named after K. Scriabin),
Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after. I. K. Akhunbaeva
Kyrgyz-Russian (Slavic) University,
American University of Central Asia,
International University of Kyrgyzstan,
Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University,
Bishkek Financial and Economic Academy
Association of Educational Institutions EdNet

The following research organizations are also located in Bishkek:
Central Asian Free Market Institute

Many travel agencies in Russia undeservedly ignore such a destination as Kyrgyzstan. But in vain! This Asian country, the birthplace of Genghis Khan, is not inferior to others in terms of the abundance of historical and natural attractions. On its territory are the Tien Shan (translated as “heavenly mountains”). The Pamir ranges also stretch across Kyrgyzstan. Here is Issyk-Kul, a high-mountain lake with the purest water. Hot sulfur springs flow here, which restore a second youth and give health. The Asian flavor here is not diluted by depersonalizing globalization. Felt carpets, yurts, horse races, pilaf and kumiss are all features of everyday life. Holidays in Kyrgyzstan can be mountain, beach, or recreational. And it will always be exciting and comfortable. In this Asian country There are many decent hotels with a European level of service. But in this article we will consider only the capital of the state - the city of Bishkek.

Story

This blessed land was developed by people a long time ago. Archaeologists have discovered the remains of dwellings that date back to the 5th millennium BC. But the settlement on the site of modern Bishkek arose in the 7th century after the birth of Christ. It appeared at the crossroads of the Great Silk Road and the road leading from the central Tien Shan. However, the name of the settlement was not Bishkek, but Jul, and Kyrgyzstan was not yet on the world map at that time. By the 16th century it had lost its significance. The cities standing there began to vegetate, the inhabitants began to leave them. This fate befell Julie too. The entire area between the Alamedin and Ala-Archi rivers turned into pasture.

In 1825, the Kokand Khan Madali founded the Pishpek fortress here. In 1860, the Russians began a siege of the stronghold, and two years later they destroyed it to the ground. However, barracks for the garrison were built in its place, and people continued to settle under the protection of the citadel. The settlement received city status in 1878. In 1926, Pishpek was renamed Frunze, in honor of the Soviet military leader and a native of the city. But with independence in 1991, the city was returned to its old, at least slightly changed, name.

Where is Bishkek on the map of Kyrgyzstan

The city of Frunze did not immediately become the capital. It acquired this status only in 1936. Before that, it was the administrative center of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Why does the city have such a name - Bishkek? The capital of Kyrgyzstan, according to one version, is named after the legendary hero who lived in this area in the 18th century. Bishkek-Batyr gained fame as the Kyrgyz Robin Hood. And the word “bishkek” itself is translated as “a club for beating kumiss.” Nowadays it is almost a million-plus population - in 2014 its population was 901 thousand inhabitants. The city is located in the north of the country, just twenty-five kilometers from the Kazakh border. Even in summer there is no heat here. After all, the city is located in the foothills of the Tien Shan at an altitude of 800 meters above sea level. Forty kilometers to the south lies the majestic Kyrgyz ridge.

How to get there

From Moscow to Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) there are daily flights regular flights. Airplanes of Kyrgyzstan Airlines take off from Domodedovo, and Aeroflot from Sheremetyevo-F. In addition, you can fly to Bishkek from Novosibirsk on board S7. international Airport The capital of Kyrgyzstan is called Manas. It is located twenty-three kilometers from the city. The most convenient way to get from the airport is by taxi - this type of transport is relatively inexpensive. Bishkek is also a developed railway junction. You can get here by train from Kazakhstan. This is a convenient transit point to then get to other cities of the country: Kar, Osh, Balykchy, Naryn or Karakol.

Public transport

Small minibuses with 10-12 seats run around the city itself. All you have to do is wave your hand in front of the approaching car, hand over the money to the driver and name your drop-off point. You can rent a car, including with a driver. Even more budget-friendly transport is trolleybuses and buses. But they stop running at nine in the evening. It is important to know that after independence, the street map of Bishkek is very outdated. You need to know the new name of your destination. But the people in Bishkek are responsive, and if you are lost, do not hesitate to ask passers-by for directions. With the hospitality characteristic of Eastern people, they will not only tell you the right path, but will also guide you to the right place. Although it is difficult to get lost in the city - the streets are laid out in a checkerboard pattern for better ventilation and irrigation ditches.

Climate

Kyrgyzstan - Mountain country, besides, it is located away from big seas, so the climate here is continental. The off-season doesn't last long. You can admire the spring, the flowering of mountain poppies and tulips for just a couple of weeks. located in the foothills, protected from cold northern winds. It's not too cold here in winter. Even in January - the coldest month of the year - the average here is +2°C during the day. The mountain sun and cloudless weather make the city a real climatic resort. But with the onset of dusk, the air begins to rapidly become colder. Even in summer, in a couple of hours the thermometer can drop from +31 to +14°C. Therefore, when going out in the evening, do not forget to take warmer clothes with you.

Bishkek city map

Back in 1938, three administrative districts were established in the capital: Sverdlovsky, Pervomaisky and Proletarsky. In 1962, the latter was renamed Leninsky. Twelve years later, the capital acquired a fourth territorial unit - the Oktyabrsky urban district. After the declaration of independence of Kyrgyzstan, the management system changed radically. Now the mayor is in charge. His power is balanced by the kenesh. This local government body can be compared to our city council. The Kenesh and the mayor appoint akims - these are the heads of districts. They form and head the executive authorities - akimiats. Currently, the number of administrative units of the city has not increased. There are still four of them. But the districts of Bishkek have grown greatly. Thus, Leninsky includes the urban-type settlements of Chon-Aryk, Orto-Sai and Manas.

Attractions

Whatever the purpose of your stay in the country: trekking in the mountains, rafting on rivers, horseback riding, healing in mud baths or resorts mineral waters, stay a couple of days in the city of Bishkek. is an attraction in itself. You can simply wander through the avenues and squares of the city to see for yourself. You will probably be surprised by the European appearance of Bishkek. The fact is that the city plan, with a checkerboard-clustered arrangement of streets, was invented by the Russian military command, and the Czechoslovak artel Intergelpo was actively involved in development in the 20s of the last century. Therefore, many buildings were built in the Art Nouveau style popular at that time. Over the past two decades, the city has been decorated with new monuments. In the central square of Ala-Too, Lenin was replaced by the original Statue of Liberty. Must see Opera theatre, Houses of Parliament, sculptural group Manas and attend the changing of the guard of honor at the State Flagpole.

Museums and parks

Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, is not only the largest city in the country. It is also the main cultural center. There are many museums, theaters, and Art Gallery. We recommend visiting the Historical Museum. Its exhibition contains a rich collection of Bronze Age artifacts, ancient coins that were in circulation on the Silk Road, household items and jewelry of the nomadic Kyrgyz tribes. Runic inscriptions from Talas and rock paintings from the Saimaluu-Tash camp deserve special attention. The Museum of Fine Arts, in addition to paintings by Kyrgyz, Russian and Uzbek masters, contains in its collection an interesting ethnographic collection. Here you can see a complete reconstruction of a traditional yurt with interior decoration, shyrdak carpets, national clothes and shoes, and richly decorated horse harness. And those who are nostalgic for a bygone era will find a lot of interesting things for themselves in the Museum of the City of Frunze. The residents themselves call Bishkek Green city. Even in the hottest heat, you can hide in the dense shade of Molodaya Gvardiya Boulevard and Erkindik Avenue, lined with silver poplars and ancient oaks. You can see rare plants in Botanical Garden, relax among the cool alleys of Dubovoy Panfilov, Chingiz Aitmatov or Kemal Ataturk.

Shopping

The largest store in the city - TSUM - is located on Chui Avenue. However, the shopping process should not be limited only to it. There are cute boutiques and art galleries scattered throughout the city where you can buy wonderful souvenirs at reasonable prices. However, most of the points of interest to the shopaholic tourist are concentrated in the center, in the square of Chui, Manas and Bokonbaev streets. Antique shops, jewelry workshops, fashion boutiques, shops with traditional embroidery and ceramics alternate with each other. Mostly beautiful felt carpets “shyrdaks”, national headdress “kalpak”, trousers, “ichken” robes, jewelry, and leather goods are imported from Kyrgyzstan. Markets should not be ignored. The bazaars of Osh, Dordoi and Ak-Emir are very colorful. Even if you don’t buy anything, a trip there can be considered a full-fledged excursion into the world of the East.

What to try

Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) is characterized by the fact that in the local restaurants and teahouses you can try dishes from all regions of the country. Get ready to drink a lot of tea - this drink begins and ends your meal. It is always served with dried fruits or baked goods. Pork is not eaten in a Muslim country, but lamb, poultry, beef and horse meat are eaten in abundance. You should definitely try the most important Kyrgyz dish - beshbarmak - special large noodles with young lamb meat. The name of the dish translates as “5 fingers” because it is eaten with the fives. Also business card gastronomy of Kyrgyzstan is - chuchuk. Some dishes national cuisine may shock a Slav. Thus, sheep's eyes, brains and cheeks are delicacies. Kumis - fermented mare's milk - is traditional drink nomads. Shoro is also sold everywhere. This drink resembles kvass, but is made from unripe wheat grains. The Kirghiz have borrowed many dishes from neighboring Uzbekistan, giving them their own flavor and sound. So, you need to try the local shurpa and Osh pilaf.

Neighborhood

What should a tourist arriving in Bishkek know? Relaxation at the highest standard is guaranteed to you in the hotels “Hyatt”, “Dostuk”, “Ala-Too”, “Zhannat”, “Ak-Keme”, “Issyk-Kol” and others. In the vicinity of Bishkek, you should visit the “Khan’s Graves” (an ancient cemetery), the Chon-Aryk nature reserve, and climb Mount Boz-Peldek. If the purpose of your visit is to improve your health, then you need to take a course of body wraps in a mud bath, which is located in the village of Kamyshanovka. And an hour or a little more from the city of lovers active rest are waiting mountain gorges against the backdrop of snow-capped peaks.

Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan Bishkek) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan and the largest city in the country. Based on site medieval city Jules. It constitutes a special administrative unit and is a city of republican subordination. Old names - Dzhul, Pishpek, Frunze (named in honor of M.V. Frunze).

The city is located in the north of Kyrgyzstan, in the Chu Valley, at the foothills of the Tien Shan, 40 km north of the Kyrgyz ridge at an altitude of 700-900 m above sea level, 25 km from the border with Kazakhstan. The city's territory is 127 km².

Name

According to one version, the name comes from the name of the legendary hero Bishkek-Batyr, who lived in this area in the 18th century. According to another, from the term “bishkek”, that is, a club, a club, a stick for mixing kumys.

Story

Pre-Kandan period

Parking lots primitive people in the area of ​​modern Bishkek date back to the V-IV millennia BC. e. to his geographical location the city is indebted to the Great Silk Road. The eastern branch of the route passed through the Chu Valley and here it met another road leading through the Central Tien Shan. At the crossroads of these routes there was a caravanserai that belonged to the nomadic Turkic Solto tribe. On the territory of Bishkek in the 7th-12th centuries. on the site of the city there was a Turkic settlement called Dzhul. By the 16th century, the “Silk Road” finally ceased to exist, and the cities disappeared. The Chui valley between the Ala-Archi and Alamedin rivers became the winter pasture of the Solto tribe, one of the forty Kyrgyz tribes.

Kokand rule

In 1825, on the territory of the modern city, by order of Madali Khan, the Kokand fortress Pishpek was founded, which housed the largest garrison in the Chui Valley. The fortress stood in the center of the nomads’ routes from winter to summer pastures and along the road to Issyk-Kul and Semirechye. In it, the Kokand people collected taxes from caravans.

As part of Tsarist Russia

The first documentary mention of locality Pishpek is given in the book “Description of Military Actions in the Trans-Ili Territory in 1860 and the Journal of the Siege of the Kokand Fortress Pishpek”:

The constantly hostile plans of the Khokands, revealed in the incitement of the Zachuya Kirghiz to predatory incursions into our borders, forced the corps commander of the Separate Siberian Corps and the Governor-General of Western Siberia, Infantry General Gasford, to submit to the Highest review This assumption about the expedition beyond the river. Chu for the destruction of the Khokand fortresses of Tokmak and Pishpek. These fortresses, which were a thunderstorm for the Kirghiz, wandering outside our borders, served as the main points from where the influence of the Khokand people spread to the region: they contained a garrison of Khokand soldiers, used to collect zyaket from the Kirghiz, to incite them against the Russians, and to support Captivity of predatory parties in small detachments.

Twice (September 4, 1860 and October 24, 1862) the fortress was taken by Russian troops. In November 1862, the fortress was destroyed, and in its place two years later a Cossack picket was established, then a bazaar began to gather here. In 1868, the village of Pishpek was founded. On April 29, 1878, in connection with the transfer to Pishpek, the center of the Pishpek district received the status of a city (see Semirechensk region).

As part of the USSR

On April 24, 1924, the Czechoslovak cooperative Intergelpo arrived in the city, which actually made a modern one out of Pishpek European city, by the standards of that time. Since October 1924 it has become the administrative center of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Since May 1925 - the administrative center of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. On May 12, 1926, Pishpek was renamed Frunze in honor of a native of the city, Soviet military leader Mikhail Frunze. Since 1936, Frunze has been the capital of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic.

In 1938, 3 administrative districts were created in the city of Frunze: Proletarsky (now Leninsky), Pervomaisky and Sverdlovsky. In 1962, the Proletarsky district of the city of Frunze was transformed into Leninsky. In 1974, the Oktyabrsky urban district was formed.

Post-independence

On February 1, 1991, by decision of the Supreme Council of the Kirghiz SSR, the city was renamed Bishkek. On March 23, 2005, events associated with the Tulip Revolution took place in the capital, and on April 7, 2010, with the second revolution.

City symbols

The azure shield contains a silver belt, burdened with three azure plowshares in a row. There is one golden bee at the top and bottom of the belt. In the free part is the coat of arms of the Semirechensk region. The shield is crowned with a silver tower crown with three teeth and is surrounded by two golden ears of corn, connected by an Alexander ribbon.

Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire No. 30174

The coat of arms of the city of Frunze was approved on September 22, 1978 by the city Council of People's Deputies. The drawing of the coat of arms, created by Frunzegorproekt employees G. Mulyavin and A. Sogonov, won an open competition for the 100th anniversary of the city. Colors - white, red, ultramarine, green, bronze. Existed from 1978 to 1994. In 1991, after the city was renamed, the inscription “Frunze” was replaced by “Bishkek”.

The initiative to create the modern coat of arms of the city of Bishkek belonged to the former mayor of the city, Felix Kulov. The option provided by the graphic artist M. Asanaliev and candidate of philosophical sciences S. Iptarov was chosen.

Coats of arms of the city from 1908 to the present.

Architecture

Before the revolution

“The design layout plan for the newly proposed city of Pishpek,” a city with European-type buildings, was approved on August 31, 1878. The street grid was laid out in a checkerboard pattern, facilitating the construction of a ditch network and natural ventilation of the streets. Some of the buildings in the city were built of wood, but most were made of adobe. Despite the semi-desert, the townspeople built gardens. By the beginning of the twentieth century, there were 40 unpaved streets and 6 squares in Pishpek.

The building of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the KSSR, 1936.

The first stage of construction in Kyrgyzstan was associated with the ideas of constructivism that came in the 1920s. At that time, little consideration was given to local peculiarities. At the end of the 30s, professional architects came to Bishkek. During the war, evacuated enterprises were located here, and new ones were built. In the post-war years, urban planning developed rapidly, a series of standard projects appeared, and prefabricated structures were introduced. Decorativeism and pomp prevail. Since the second half of the 50s, mass construction has been carried out according to standard designs. In 1970, a new general plan for the city was approved.

The following buildings are striking examples of the architecture of that time:

  • The building of the Frunze City Executive Committee (now the Bishkek City Hall)
  • House of the Government of the Kirghiz SSR
  • Hotel Kyrgyzstan (now the Hyatt Hotel)
  • Palace of Sports
  • Opera and Ballet Theatre
  • Polytechnic College
  • Cinema Manas

Bishkek today

The city is built on an orthogonal plan, which facilitates its ventilation with mountain air. There are 938 streets in Bishkek. The main streets of the city: Manas Avenue, Chui Avenue - st. Den Xiao Pina, Abdrakhmanov, Alma-Atinskaya, Pravdy, Zhibek Zholu (Silk Road) streets, Baytik Batyra (formerly Sovetskaya) - Baku, Moscow. There are many children's playgrounds and outdoor cafes on Erkindik and Molodaya Gvardiya boulevards. Residential areas are located in the south: microdistricts 3 to 12, Asanbay district; in the east: Alamedin-1, Vostok-5; in the southeast: “Kok-Zhar”, “Ulan”; in the central part - “South-2”. There is also active construction of new microdistricts and individual multi-storey residential buildings and shopping centers.

Stalinka and a modern building on the street. Frunze Zero kilometer in Bishkek Construction of modern buildings near Victory Square

 

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