Bishkek region. Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic. Leisure and entertainment in Bishkek

Bishkek(Kyrgyzstan) - the capital and largest city of the country. It constitutes a special administrative unit and is a city of republican significance. Former names - Pishpek, Frunze (named in honor of M.V. Frunze).

The city was founded by the Russians on the site of the destroyed Kokand fortress.

The city is located in the north of Kyrgyzstan in the Chu Valley at the foothills of the Tien Shan, 40 km north of the Kyrgyz ridge at an altitude of 700-900 m above sea level, 25 km from the border with. The city's territory is 127 km² or 160 km².

Physiographic characteristics

The Ala Archa River near the Osh Market after spring showers

Bishkek is located in the center of the Chui Valley, at the foot of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too ridges, at an altitude of 760 meters above sea level.

Bishkek by climatic conditions occupies the extreme southern position in the continental climate region of temperate latitudes.

The monthly duration of sunshine is greatest in July - 322 hours, least in December - 126 hours.

Climate

The climate of the city is sharply continental. The average annual temperature is +11.3 °C. Precipitation is 450 mm per year. With an average summer temperature of about 25 °C and an average winter temperature of about −2 °C, it is not uncommon for summer heat to exceed 40 °C, and winter temperatures down to −30 °C. The coldest month is January (-2.6 °C), the warmest is July (+24.9 °C). The average monthly relative humidity increases from 44% in June and July to 74% in March, the annual average is 60%. The Ala-Archa and Alamedin rivers flow through the city, flowing from southern mountains, the Big Chui Canal (BCC) flows through the north of Bishkek from east to west.

Administrative division

Main article: Administrative division Bishkek

Administratively divided into 4 districts. Population - according to the 2009 population census of Kyrgyzstan:

• Oktyabrsky district - 242,382 (2009)
• Pervomaisky district - 175,894 (2009)
• Sverdlovsk region - 231,801 (2009)
• Leninsky district - 201,626 (2009)
  • urban-type settlement Chon-Aryk - 9724 (2009)
  • village (village) Orto-Sai - 4100 (2009)

Subordinate to the Leninsky district is the Chon-Aryk village kenesh, which includes the urban-type settlement of Chon-Aryk, the village of Orto-Sai, as well as part of the village of Manas (Aviatown) near the airport.

If the area of ​​the city of Bishkek itself is 127 km², then together with the settlements subordinate to the city it is 160 km².

The heads of districts are the heads of municipal administrations of the districts, who are appointed by the mayor.

Population

Main article: Population of Bishkek

Commemorative plaque on the Deutsches Haus in Bishkek. According to the 1989 census, 13,619 Germans lived in Frunze.

Population - 1027.2 thousand (permanent), 1042.3 thousand (current) as of January 1, 2019. Within the boundaries of the territory subordinate to the city administration, which, in addition to the city itself, also includes the urban-type settlement of Chon-Aryk (10.1 thousand inhabitants), as well as the village of Orto-Sai (according to the aiyl okmotu, 2.7 thousand inhabitants, according to according to the National Statistical Committee Kyrgyz Republic 4.4 thousand inhabitants) the permanent population is 1027.2 thousand inhabitants, the current population is 1057.0 thousand inhabitants. From the formation of the city until the 1990s, the main population of Bishkek were Russians; the Kyrgyz became the majority in the city only after the collapse of the USSR.

The population of Bishkek is characterized by rapid growth in numbers, due to the influx of migrants from other regions of the republic, as well as the relatively high natural increase of the Kyrgyz population. The share and absolute number of European peoples, who 50 years ago made up over 80% of the city’s population, during the years of independence of Kyrgyzstan, sharply decreased due to emigration and low birth rates in these categories of the population.

National composition

Story

Ancient and medieval settlements on the territory of the modern city

Parking lots primitive people in the area of ​​modern Bishkek date back to the V-IV millennia BC. e. to his geographical location the city is indebted to the Great Silk Road. The eastern branch of the route passed through the Chu Valley and here it met another road leading through the Central Tien Shan. On the territory of modern Bishkek in the 7th-12th centuries there was a settlement called Dzhul.

Pishpek

In 1825, on the territory of the modern city, by order of Madali Khan, the Kokand fortress Pishpek was founded, which housed the largest garrison in the Chui Valley. The fortress stood in the center of the nomads’ routes from winter to summer pastures and along the road to Issyk-Kul and Semirechye.

The first documentary mention of the settlement of Pishpek is given in the book “Description of military operations in the Trans-Ili region in 1860 and the journal of the siege of the Kokand fortress Pishpek”:

Twice (September 4, 1860 and October 24, 1862) the fortress was taken by Russian troops. In November 1862, the remains of the fortress were destroyed by the Kirghiz of the Solto tribe, and in its place two years later a Cossack picket was established, then a bazaar began to gather here.

In 1868, the Russian settlement of Pishpek was founded. On April 29, 1878, in connection with the transfer to Pishpek, the center of the Pishpek district received the status (see Semirechensk region), this date is officially celebrated as the date of the founding of the city.

On April 24, 1924, the Czechoslovak cooperative Intergelpo arrived in the city, essentially making a modern one out of Pishpek European city by the standards of that time.

Since October 1924, it became the administrative center of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Since May 1925 - the administrative center of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region.

Frunze

On May 12, 1926, Pishpek was renamed Frunze in honor of a native of the city, Soviet military leader Mikhail Frunze. Since 1936, Frunze has been the capital of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic.

In 1938, 3 administrative districts were created in the city of Frunze: Proletarsky (now Leninsky), Pervomaisky and Sverdlovsky. In 1962, the Proletarsky district of the city of Frunze was transformed into Leninsky. In 1974, the Oktyabrsky urban district was formed.

On February 5, 1991, by decision of the Supreme Council of the Kirghiz SSR, the city was renamed Bishkek. On March 23, 2005, events associated with the Tulip Revolution took place in the capital, and on April 7, 2010, with the second revolution.

Awards

• Order of Manas, 1st degree (June 12, 2003) - for a special contribution to the socio-economic and cultural development of the Kyrgyz Republic, strengthening friendship and interethnic harmony, a leading role in the implementation of democratic reforms and in connection with the 125th anniversary.

Economy

Bishkek is the economic center of the country.

In 2011, the city produced industrial products worth 28,108.4 million soms, an increase of 17.2%. Of the total volume of services provided throughout the republic, Bishkek accounts for 58.7%. Average monthly wage for January-November 2011 amounted to 12,035 soms, which is 1.4 times higher than the republican level. Bishkek is a donor for other regions of the republic. The expected contribution to the country's GDP will be 36.1% in 2012. In the vicinity of the capital there is a free economic zone "Bishkek".

Industry

All branches of industrial production are available. Among them, the main ones are: mechanical engineering and metalworking, light and food industries, and energy. Large industrial enterprises in Bishkek include: Bishkek Thermal Power Plant, JSC Reemtsma - Kyrgyzstan, Dastan Corporation, Worsted Cloth Factory, Coca-Cola Bishkek Bottlers, Bishkek Dan-Azyk; joint stock companies: "Bishkeksyut", Bishkek machine-building plant, “Kyrgyzavtomash”, “Kyrgyzshampany”, reinforced concrete plant “Bishkek”, “Keramin”, enterprise associations “Bulgari”, “Zhyldyz”, “Baypak”, etc.

Industrial enterprises are located in the west and east of Bishkek. Among them: the Akun flour mill, the Kyrgyz Konyagy cognac factory, Kyrgyzmebel JSC, the producer of national drinks Shoro, Severelectro, and a thermal power plant.

Trade

TSUM-Aichurek

"Vefa" center (right)

The city of Bishkek is a regional center of trade, being a hub between the PRC and Russia. In Bishkek there is the largest wholesale and retail market “Dordoi”, the largest car market “Azamat”, as well as a number of other markets: “Osh” (market), “Alamedin” (market), “Orto-Sai” (market), “Ala- Archa - 2 (market), Narboto, Kudaibergen, etc. There are large shopping centers: “Vefa”, “Biskek Park”, “Dordoi-plaza”, “Tash-Rabat”, “TSUM-Aichurek”, “TAC Vesna” (formerly “Shopping and entertainment center Rakhat Palace”), “Caravan”, “Children’s World”, “Tabylga”, “MOTO”, “BETA STORES”, “BETA STORES 2”.

The city has representative offices of such large international companies as Mercedes-Benz, Audi-VW, Sumitomo, Federal Express, DHL, UPS, LG-Electronics, Daewoo, Phillips, Siemens, Panasonic, Reemtsma, Coca-Cola, Samsung, Toyota, Kia and etc.

Finance

The head offices of the banks are located in Bishkek: RSK Bank, Aiyl Bank (both state-owned), Kyrgyz Investment and Credit Bank, Demir Kyrgyz International Bank, Rosinbank, OptimaBank, BakaiBank, Dos -KredoBank" and others.

Employment

Bishkek - central city concentration of the bulk (up to 70%) of the country's specialists and taxpayers. Promising ones, according to the Ministry of Labor and Social Development, include it, mining and construction professions. The state actively participates in the organization of jobs in the country and supports private and non-profit organizations for the employment of specialists with secondary and higher education, as well as people with disabilities.

• Employment Center for Citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic under the Ministry of Labor
• Youth Labor Exchange of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic
• Electronic labor exchange USTALAR.KG
• Center for Training and Employment of Persons with Disabilities

Hotels

Hotel "Zhannat"

Located in Bishkek large hotels: “Zhannat”, “Hyatt”, “Ak-Keme”, “Dostuk”, “Damas”, “Sayakat”, “Ysyk-Kol”, “Semetey”, “Bishkek”, “Ala-Too”, “Eldorado” and etc.

Internet and cellular communications

The city has a significant concentration of Internet users and mobile communications. The Internet is provided via an optical line. There are more than 10 Internet providers, the largest: AsiaInfo, Jet, ElCat, Megaline, FastNet, Aknet, Saima-Telecom, Homeline, Transfer. Internet coverage covers almost 90% of the city.

Mobile communications in the city are represented by 3 telecom operators under the brands “Beeline”, “MegaCom”, “O!”

Transport

Railway

Bishkek-2 railway station

Railway communication is provided by three railway stations: Pishpek, Bishkek and Alamedin. The main flow of passengers and cargo is oriented to Russian cities through the territory of Kazakhstan. There are also local intercity and commuter trains.

Electric

As a city public transport There is a trolleybus system.

Trolleybus of route 4 on the ring near the Dordoi market

It is planned to create a light metro and an urban electric train.

Automotive

The main type of public transport is automobile: buses, minibuses, taxis.

The number of passenger cars increased threefold from 2000 to 2011. Quantity trucks decreased slightly from 9 thousand in 2000 to 8.7 thousand in 2011. The number of buses registered in the capital doubled.

Currently, 160,106 vehicles are registered. Of these, 145,957 cars belong to individuals, 14,139 belong to legal entities. In 2010, 141,433 were registered in Bishkek. Of these, 127,168 cars belonged to individuals and legal entities - 14 265.

The city began construction of the first ring road, and also, through a grant from the Japanese government, the city's bridges were reconstructed. The length of roads is more than 1.2 thousand km. Repairs of the bypass road have also begun, which should lead to a reduction in traffic jams on the streets of the capital.

Intercity communication from Bishkek

Western (New) Bus Station

In the Issyk-Kul direction from Bishkek, especially in summer holiday season, there is a significant flow of buses, minibuses and taxis. You can also get from Bishkek to Issyk-Kul by train to the city (formerly Rybachye) at the beginning of the coast of Issyk-Kul, and then by road to the city - resort center north coast Lake Issyk-Kul, where there are many boarding houses, as well as the city (formerly Przhevalsk) - the administrative center of the Issyk-Kul region, located 10-12 km from east coast lakes.

Private intercity taxi is a common way to travel around the republic: between Bishkek and regional centers, Batken, as well as in other directions. There are two bus stations in the city: Western (new) and Eastern (old).

The road to and may involve crossing borders neighboring countries; There are internal routes, but some sections are not always satisfactory (in Batken) or represent high mountain passes (in Talas).

Airport

Manas 2 terminal at Bishkek airport

On the administrative territory of Bishkek, 23 km from the city limits, there is international Airport“Manas”, named after the hero of the Kyrgyz epic of the same name. According to the ICAO classification, Manas is a class 4E airport. Its 4.2 km long runway allows it to accommodate aircraft of all types, including in difficult weather conditions. total area apron - 242 thousand m². The airport has 38 parking lots and two telescopic bridges. A new terminal has been built.

Science and education

Kyrgyz State Technical University named after Ishak Razzakov

Bishkek is the largest scientific and educational center in Kyrgyzstan. In Bishkek there are:

• International University of Innovative Technologies (UIIT)
• Kyrgyz State Institute of Arts named after B. Beishenalieva (KGII)
• National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic
• Scientific station of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Bishkek
• Kyrgyz National University named after Zhusup Balasagyn
• Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov (formerly Frunze Polytechnic Institute)
• Bishkek Humanitarian University. K. Karasaeva
• Kyrgyz Economic University named after. M. Ryskulbekova
• Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture (KGUSTA)
• Kyrgyz Agrarian University named after K. Scriabin (formerly Agricultural Institute named after K. Scriabin)
• Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after. I. K. Akhunbaeva
• Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University
• American University of Central Asia
• International University of Kyrgyzstan
• International University "Ataturk-Ala-Too"
• Kyrgyz-Turkish University "Manas"
• Bishkek Academy of Finance and Economics
• Kyrgyz Academy of Tourism
• Higher Military Institute of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic
• International Academy of Management, Law, Finance and Business
• Kyrgyz Academy of Physical Culture and Sports
• International Medical University

The following research organizations are also located in Bishkek:

• National Surgical Center of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic

There are two large libraries

• National Library named after Alykula Osmonova
• Republican Public Library named after. N. G. Chernyshevsky

Culture

Theaters

Museums

Cinemas

The Kyrgyzfilm film studio is located in the capital. And:

• Kyrgyz National Philharmonic named after. T. Satylganova

City symbols

Main article: Coat of arms of Bishkek

Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire No. 30174

The coat of arms of the city of Frunze was approved on September 22, 1978 by the city Council of People's Deputies. The drawing of the coat of arms, created by Frunzegorproekt employees G. Mulyavin and A. Sogonov, won an open competition for the 100th anniversary of the city. Colors - white, red, ultramarine, green, bronze. Existed from 1978 to 1994. In 1991, after the city was renamed, the inscription “Frunze” was replaced by “Bishkek”.

Religion

Islam

Main article: Islam in Kyrgyzstan

There are 50 mosques in Bishkek. There are more than 10 Islamic religious foundations and societies, and one Islamic University. The Central Mosque, the Dungan Mosque are working, a new Central Mosque for 20 thousand parishioners was built with funds from Turkey and Jordan.

Christianity

Main article: Christianity in Kyrgyzstan

Resurrection Cathedral

The Russian Orthodox Church has 4 churches. In the city there is a community of the Russian Orthodox Old Believers Church, a community of Old Orthodox Christian Pomeranians (Old Believers Pomortsians). There are Protestant churches.

Attractions

Park at the South Gate

• Forge Fortress (hill and parts of the fortress)
• Memorial complex "Ata-Beyit"
• State Circus
• Hippodrome
• Republican Center for Children and Youth "Seytek"
• South Gate

Square

• Ala-Too Square is the central square of Bishkek. Here is the monument to “Manas the Magnanimous”
• Old Square
• Victory Square and Victory Monument
• station Square
• University Square
• theatre square
• Soviet square - Architectural complex, between the City Hall building and the Philharmonic building.

Boulevards

• Erkindik Boulevard (formerly Dzerzhinsky Boulevard)
• Boulevard of the Young Guard
• Chui Avenue

Parks and gardens

• Elm Grove
• Park named after Fuchika
• Victory Park
• Botanical Garden
• Ataturk Park ( former park Friendship)
• Park named after Panfilova
• Oak Park is the first park on the territory of Bishkek, founded in 1890. The Oak Garden (currently Oak Park) is decorated with sculptural compositions that symbolize the idea of ​​peace, reason and goodness; there is also an 11-meter granite stele dedicated to the fighters of the revolution. Eternal flame lit in memory of those who fell during the Great Patriotic War.
• Youth Park
• Ala-Archa National Park

Monuments

Main article: List of monuments in Bishkek

The city has many monuments in honor of various historical figures. Bishkek is the only capital of the countries Central Asia, where a large monument to V.I. has been preserved. The Kyrgyz government declared the monument part of the country's history and adopted a special law to protect it.

Sport

The flagship of Bishkek is the Alga football club - a 5-time champion and 9-time winner of the Kyrgyz Cup. They are very popular different types martial arts

• Sports Palace named after. Kozhomkula
• Spartak stadium
• National Hippodrome
• Equestrian school
• School of Olympic reserve
• Institute of Physical Education

Name

On the official website of the Bishkek mayor's office, the following legendary justification for the name of the city is given: the pregnant wife of one batyr (hero) lost the whorl (Kirg. Bishkek) for whipping kumis. While searching for “Bishkek,” she suddenly went into labor and gave birth to a boy, who was given the name Bishkek. He became a hero, and after his death he was buried on a hillock near the bank of the Alamedin River, where the Gumbez-Bishkek tombstone was erected. It was this structure that was seen and described by travelers of the 17th-18th centuries.

Policy

Authorities

system government controlled and local self-government of the city are formed by the city state administration, the city kenesh, district executive authorities and local self-government. The city kenesh is the highest representative body of local government. The parliament of the Jogorku Kenesh is located in the capital.

Architecture

Before the revolution

Surgical building of the national hospital. Pre-revolutionary building

The “plan for the design location of the newly proposed city of Pishpek” - a city with European-type buildings - was approved on August 31, 1878. The street grid was laid out in a checkerboard pattern, facilitating the construction of a ditch network and natural ventilation of the streets. Some of the buildings in the city were built of wood, but most were made of adobe. Despite the semi-desert, the townspeople built gardens. By the beginning of the twentieth century, there were 40 unpaved streets and 6 squares in Pishpek.

The building of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the KSSR, 1936.

House of the Central Executive Committee of the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 1927.

Central Bank of the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 1927

The first stage of construction in Kyrgyzstan was associated with the ideas of constructivism that came in the 1920s. Little was taken into account then local peculiarities. At the end of the 30s, professional architects came to Bishkek. During the war, evacuated enterprises were located here, and new ones were built. In the post-war years, urban planning developed rapidly, a series of standard projects appeared, and prefabricated structures were introduced. Decorativeism and pomp prevail. Since the second half of the 50s, mass construction has been carried out according to standard designs. In 1970, a new general plan for the city was approved.

The following buildings are striking examples of the architecture of that time:

• The building of the Frunze City Executive Committee (now the Bishkek City Hall)
• House of the Government of the Kirghiz SSR
• Hotel Kyrgyzstan (now the Hyatt Hotel)
• Palace of Sports
• Opera and Ballet Theatre
• Polytechnic College
• Cinema Manas

Modern period

The city is built on an orthogonal plan, which facilitates its ventilation with mountain air. There are 938 streets in Bishkek. The main streets of the city: Manas Avenue, Chui Avenue - st. Den Xiao Pina, Abdrakhmanov, Alma-Atinskaya, Pravdy, Zhibek Zholu (Silk Road) streets, Baytik Batyra (formerly Sovetskaya) - Baku, Moscow. There are many children's playgrounds and outdoor cafes on Erkindik and Molodaya Gvardiya boulevards. Residential areas are located in the south: microdistricts 3 to 12, Asanbay district; in the east: Alamedin-1, Vostok-5; in the southeast: “Kok-Zhar”, “Ulan”; in the central part - “South-2”. There is also active construction of new microdistricts and individual multi-storey residential buildings and shopping centers.

Mass media

Newspapers

Advertising newspapers

"What? Where? How much?”, “Showcase”, “Buy and Sell”

Magazines

• Men's intellectual magazine “#ONE MAGAZINE”
• Business analytical magazine "Business Interlocutor"
• Women's magazine BISHKEKCHANKA
• Glossy magazine for smart and successful “for Woman”
• Blife magazine in Russian and English
• Magazine for parents “Little Joy”

News agencies

• News Agency "K-News"
• UNIpress
• pravda.kg
• AKIpress
• 24.kg
• "Cabar"
• "KANT.kg"
• JEBE news
• Kloop.kg
• Sputnik Kyrgyzstan
• IP Russia in Kyrgyzstan
• Kaktus.media

International relationships

Twin Cities

• , (since December 12, 1997)
• Nur-Sultan, (since 2011)

At the foot of the snow-white mountains of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too, at an altitude of 750 m above sea level, 25 km from the border with Kazakhstan. This is the soul and heart of the republic in the full meaning of the word, its political, economic, scientific and Cultural Center, the main transport hub.

The population of the city according to 2010 data is 846.5 thousand inhabitants. Unlike the southern regions of the republic, a high percentage of the population is made up of Russians and Russian-speaking residents.

In terms of climatic conditions, Bishkek occupies the extreme southern position in the continental climate region of temperate latitudes. The monthly duration of sunshine is greatest in July - 322 hours, least in December - 126 hours. The climate in Bishkek is sharply continental, average annual temperature air +10.2°C. The coldest month of the year is January (-4°C), the warmest is July (+24.7°C). Average monthly relative humidity increases from 44% in June and July to 74% in March. The rivers Ala-Archa, Alamedin and the Great Chui Canal flow through the city.

The capital of Kyrgyzstan is a unique young city in a unique and mysterious mountainous country. Yes, perhaps there are no ancient or medieval ones here historical monuments, but this is absolutely no reason to consider this city boring and uninteresting. You can’t blame, for example, a child for being still small. As for Bishkek, the city was founded only in 1825, and this is no more than a second in history. Therefore, due to the lack of a past, the Kyrgyz capital, accordingly, has no monuments of the past. Where do they come from? And yet, the city is quite interesting, beautiful and unusually friendly. And completely special and unique emotions arise at the sight of the majestic and alluring ridge of the Kyrgyz Alatau. Therefore, while in the city, it is quite difficult not to succumb to temptation and rush to the mountains at any convenient opportunity.

An individual feature of the city is the strict layout of the streets, which intersect only at right angles. Residents of the capital are always proud that these streets are densely planted with trees and shrubs, which creates a special comfort and invigorating coolness. Therefore, it is not without reason that they say that Bishkek is one of the greenest cities in the world.

Bishkek is the center of national culture of Kyrgyzstan. Visitors are always welcome to the museum Fine Arts, museum named after M.V. Frunze, Opera and Ballet Theatre, Russian and Kyrgyz Drama Theatres, Bishkek City Drama Theatre, building of the State Philharmonic named after. T. Satylganova and other places for fun leisure activities.

Science and education in the capital are represented by the National Academy of Sciences and big amount secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. Among them are 18 universities, 20 institutes, 9 academies, which annually graduate up to 5.5 thousand qualified specialists.

Name
A variety of legends have circulated about the name of the city for hundreds of years. According to one version, “Bishkek” is the name of a local hero, Bishkek-Baatyr, who did a lot of useful things for the common people; he lived here in the 18th century.

In general, the word “Bishkek” from Kyrgyz means “stirrer for whipping kumis (a drink made from mare’s milk).”

But, in addition, according to some historians and writers, the word “Bishkek” means “the front, front part of a happy, beautiful mountain (Mount Baytik), as well as a five-walled fortress.”

City `s history
The city of Bishkek (or rather the territory on which it is located) modern city) has been known since the 7th century as the settlement of Dzhul (Forge Fortress).
However, it was only in 1825 that the Kokand fortress Pishpek was formed on the territory of the Chui Valley, which housed the largest garrison. Twice - September 4, 1860 and October 24, 1862 - the fortress was taken by Russian troops. In November 1862, it was destroyed, and in its place two years later a Cossack picket was established, then a bazaar began to gather here. Later, already in April 1878, in connection with the transfer of the county center to Pishpek, the village received the status of a city.

Since October 1924, the city became the administrative center of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region, then the administrative center of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. In 1926, Pishpek was renamed Frunze in honor of a native of the city, a Soviet military leader. Since 1936, Frunze had the status of the capital of the Kirghiz SSR. And after gaining independence, on February 1, 1991, by decision of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan, the city was renamed Bishkek.

Tourism
Bishkek, being the center international tourism in Kyrgyzstan, often serves as a transit point and resting place on the way to or and at the same time can offer tourists a large number of attractions.

The main thing and favorite place recreation and walking for guests and tourists of the capital is the center of Bishkek. Most of the museums, galleries, shops, parks, squares, squares, restaurants and cafes are concentrated here. By the way, Bishkek is the only city in Central Asia where a monument to Lenin still stands to this day. True, now it is located not on the main square, but behind it, but even this is a striking difference from other cities in the Central Asian region.

There are 20 in the city national parks, 4 artificial reservoirs, 6 swimming pools, 10 theaters, 5 memorial museums under open air, 8 specialized museums, as well as other cultural and recreational parks.
One of these objects is the oak park, where it is always cool under the dense crowns of trees, and fluffy, frisky squirrels scurry along the trunks, peering into the faces of vacationers in anticipation of getting a treat. Oak Park is a kind of open-air sculpture museum. Sculptures made in stone, metal and wood are located here alone and in groups along park alleys, paths, and some simply among trees on green lawns.

Adjacent to the oak park is the so-called “Bishkek Vernissage” - the Erkindik Gallery, where you can admire the work of local craftsmen and artists.

Behind the gallery opens the main square of the country - Ala-Too. Ala-Too Square is fraught with great tourism potential - the white marble Government House is located here. The square is decorated with fountains, and a stage has been built where mass concerts and discos are held. It is here that people flock en masse during holidays and celebrations. Military parades and demonstrations also take place here.

The capital's attractions include the Art Museum, which displays exhibits of Kyrgyz folk art and modern Russian and Soviet art. Some paintings and exhibits try to combine Kyrgyz images and European technology. There are also examples of elegant traditional Kyrgyz wall carpets (tushkiis, bashtiyks) of various sizes.

The Bishkek Philharmonic Society hosts concerts of classical and modern Western music, as well as concerts of Kyrgyz traditional and popular music. The Philharmonic consists of two halls, the larger of which is usually used for concerts of Kyrgyz music and various shows.

Shops in the capital can offer tourists a variety of souvenirs and folk art products produced in such large organizations as “Kyyal”, NPO “Zengi-Baba”, “Altyn-Beshik”, “Shaarbek”, which constantly hold exhibitions and fairs of souvenirs and decorative products. applied art in city squares.

Also, tourists here in Bishkek will not only be able to relax in yurts, get acquainted with the applied arts of the nomadic Kyrgyz people, gain impressions about national customs, cooking, games, try Kyrgyz cuisine, buy souvenirs of folk crafts, but also get information about tourist routes throughout the republic.
In Bishkek, as in any other Central Asian city, one of the most striking attractions is the oriental bazaar, where generous gifts of the earth and goods from all over the world are presented in abundance at any time of the year, and you can also admire the beauty of mosques and Orthodox cathedrals.

Attractions in the surrounding area
The Baytyk Valley stretches behind the counters that line the southern outskirts of the city. The valley is named after its former owner - the manap of the Kyrgyz Orlto tribe - Baytyk Kanaev, who at one time contributed to the voluntary entry of Kyrgyzstan into Russia. Part of the slopes of the valley are planted with pistachio, while the other is in a natural state. There are many species of birds found here. South-west of VDNKh Kyrgyzstan is Mount Boz-Peldek (1395 m), which can be reached by city buses. From its top, like a plan on paper, you can see the entire city.

"Khan's Graves" is a Kyrgyz cemetery located at the southern foot of Mount Boz-Peldek. The former ruler of the Baytyk valley and his son Uzbek are buried here, over whose grave a magnificent forged lattice tower with a dome was erected.

Chon-Aryk State Botanical Reserve - located southeast of the city in the Besh-Kungey tract. Plants such as Alatava saffron, Kolpakovsky iris, Kumakevich juno, several types of tulips and others are strictly protected here. The surrounding areas of the city are rich in mineral springs.

The deposit of peat medicinal mud is located near the village of Kamyshanovka. Healing mud here they are used to treat support organs, the peripheral nervous system, respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract, and gynecological diseases.

Photos:

Our video gallery:

Bishkek made an extremely pleasant impression on me. Life in this city is simply bustling. I had the opportunity to live here for a month and a half; I was sent on a business trip for work.

By the way, Bishkek is translated as "Mixer for whipping kumys", a very strange name for a city.

Bishkek is located in Kyrgyzstan

When this city was part of the USSR, then he was called Frunze. Not far from this city there are Tien Shan mountains. These mountains are considered to be among the highest in the world.

This the city is one of the cleanest cities in Asia. Here you can truly breathe with full lungs.

This city is quite large and more than eighty nationalities live here.

In Bishkek well developed transport system . There are taxis, buses, minibuses, and trolleybuses. But there are no metro or trams here.

Sights of Bishkek

Of course, I had time to wander around the city and see various interesting places and attractions:

• Panfilov Park. This park is quite old, but very nice. Here many attractions for children(many have been in use since Soviet times). It is located in the very city ​​center.
• Ala-Too Square. The area is quite large, in the summer there fountains are working, so it’s nice to take a promenade along it.
• Osh bazaar. Very colorful bazaar. It is located in the western part of the city. Here you can buy absolutely everything: things, fruits and vegetables, various souvenirs, and even household appliances. And the prices here are quite reasonable.
• Botanical Garden. This is quite wonderful place for summer walks . Kept in fairly good condition. This Botanical Garden is located not far from the third microdistrict.

Food in Bishkek

I would like to say right away that food prices here are quite low, when compared with Russian ones. So you can eat in a decent cafe for two hundred rubles (I’ve already transferred it to our money).

In this city it's easy a bunch of establishments serving Kyrgyz, Asian, and Russian cuisine. It's also very a lot of fast food. They sell samsa, kebabs, lavash (similar to our shawarma).

Also in town there are also pizzerias, but to be honest, European and Italian food is not very tasty here.

The city of Bishkek has been known since the 7th century. like the ancient settlement of Dzhul (Forge Fortress). In 1825, the Kokand fortress of Pishpek was founded, housing the largest garrison in the Chui Valley. Twice (September 4, 1860 and October 24, 1862) was taken by Russian troops. In November 1862, the fortress was destroyed, and in its place two years later a Cossack picket was established, then a bazaar began to gather here. In 1868 the village of Pishpek was founded. On April 29, 1878, in connection with the transfer of the county center to Pishpek, it received the status of a city.

Since October 1924 it has become the administrative center of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Since May 1925 - the administrative center of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. In 1926 it was renamed Frunze in honor of a native of the city, Soviet military leader Mikhail Frunze. Since 1936, Frunze has been the capital of the Kirghiz SSR. In 1991, after the declaration of independence of the Kyrgyz Republic, the city was renamed Bishkek. According to one version, the new name comes from the mythical hero Bishkek-Batyr, who opened a large bazaar on the site of the city. According to another - from the consonance of the words Pishpek (first title) and Bishkek (kitchen utensils, stick for stirring kumys).

Sights of Bishkek

The main and favorite place for recreation and walking of guests and tourists of the capital is the center of Bishkek. Most of the museums, galleries, shops, parks, squares, squares, restaurants and cafes are concentrated here. By the way, Bishkek is the only city in Central Asia where a monument to Lenin still stands to this day. True, now it is located not on the main square, but behind it, but even this is a striking difference from other cities in the Central Asian region.

The city has 20 national parks, 4 artificial reservoirs, 6 swimming pools, 10 theaters, 5 open-air memorial museums, 8 specialized museums, as well as other cultural and recreational parks.

One of these objects is the oak park, where it is always cool under the dense crowns of trees, and fluffy, frisky squirrels scurry along the trunks, peering into the faces of vacationers in anticipation of getting a treat. Oak Park is a kind of open-air sculpture museum. Sculptures made in stone, metal and wood are located here alone and in groups along park alleys, paths, and some simply among trees on green lawns.

Adjacent to the oak park is the so-called “Bishkek Vernissage” - the Erkindik Gallery, where you can admire the work of local craftsmen and artists.

Behind the gallery opens the main square of the country - Ala-Too. Ala-Too Square is fraught with great tourism potential - the white marble Government House is located here. The square is decorated with fountains, and a stage has been built where mass concerts and discos are held. It is here that people flock en masse during holidays and celebrations. Military parades and demonstrations also take place here.

The capital's attractions include the Art Museum, which displays exhibits of Kyrgyz folk art and modern Russian and Soviet art. Some paintings and exhibits try to combine Kyrgyz images and European technology. There are also examples of elegant traditional Kyrgyz wall carpets (tushkiis, bashtiyks) of various sizes.

The Bishkek Philharmonic Society hosts concerts of classical and modern Western music, as well as concerts of Kyrgyz traditional and popular music. The Philharmonic consists of two halls, the larger of which is usually used for concerts of Kyrgyz music and various shows.

Shops in the capital can offer tourists a variety of souvenirs and folk art products produced in such large organizations as “Kyyal”, NPO “Zengi-Baba”, “Altyn-Beshik”, “Shaarbek”, which constantly hold exhibitions and fairs of souvenirs and decorative products. applied art in city squares.

Also, tourists here in Bishkek will not only be able to relax in yurts, get acquainted with the applied arts of the nomadic Kyrgyz people, gain impressions of national customs, cooking, games, try Kyrgyz cuisine, buy souvenirs of folk crafts, but also get information about tourist routes along the entire republic. In Bishkek, as in any other Central Asian city, one of the most striking attractions is the oriental bazaar, where generous gifts of the earth and goods from all over the world are presented in abundance at any time of the year, and you can also admire the beauty of mosques and Orthodox cathedrals.

Attractions in the surrounding area

The Baytyk Valley stretches behind the counters that line the southern outskirts of the city. The valley is named after its former owner - the manap of the Kyrgyz Orlto tribe - Baytyk Kanaev, who at one time contributed to the voluntary entry of Kyrgyzstan into Russia. Part of the slopes of the valley are planted with pistachio, while the other is in a natural state. There are many species of birds found here. South-west of VDNKh Kyrgyzstan is Mount Boz-Peldek (1395 m), which can be reached by city buses. From its top, like a plan on paper, you can see the entire city.

"Khan's Graves" is a Kyrgyz cemetery located at the southern foot of Mount Boz-Peldek. The former ruler of the Baytyk valley and his son Uzbek are buried here, over whose grave a magnificent forged lattice tower with a dome was erected.

Chon-Aryk State Botanical Reserve - located southeast of the city in the Besh-Kungey tract. Plants such as Alatava saffron, Kolpakovsky iris, Kumakevich juno, several types of tulips and others are strictly protected here. The surrounding areas of the city are rich in mineral springs.

The deposit of peat medicinal mud is located near the village of Kamyshanovka. Therapeutic mud is used here to treat support organs, the peripheral nervous system, respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract, and gynecological diseases.

Kitchen

Bishkek has a lot of establishments serving Kyrgyz, Asian, Russian, Persian and other friendly cuisines. You can have an inexpensive snack at fast foods, where they serve the Kyrgyz equivalent of a hamburger: a sandwich with a flat patty and all sorts of vegetables and sauce for 20 KGS. Other options for “fast food” are samsa, kebabs and a variety of kebabs. Of course, in the Kyrgyz capital there is also a pizzeria-brasserie (and where are they not?) - there you can taste international Italian pizza, pasta and other pasta, French crepes, etc. To thoroughly taste the dishes of the national “haute cuisine”, go in the Labyrinth cafe (they serve delicious beshbarmak), the Mazay cafe (various hare dishes), the Astana cafe (chicken shashlik and live music in the evenings on weekends), the Jalalabad teahouse and the Faiza cafe. You can “sit in style” in a pompous Four Seasons- exquisite dishes of European and Asian cuisines, live music and the opportunity to dine on the outdoor terrace in the warm season.

You can refresh yourself while walking around the city with the carbonated drink "Shoro" made from wheat flour - it is sold by the glass from street stalls.

Transport

Railway transport is represented by a small section - Lugovaya station - the city of Balykchy. Construction was announced railway To China. In former times, there was a railway connection with the south of Kyrgyzstan through the city of Jalal-Abad through the territory of Uzbekistan. However, with the collapse of the USSR and the announcement of Uzbekistan visa regime This message has ceased to exist.

For urban transport there are trolleybuses, buses, minibuses, and taxis. Trolleybuses are used in the cities of Bishkek and Naryn. Bishkek's bus fleet was at one time worn out and represented by only a few cars. The main means of transportation within many cities are minibuses. There is a bus service between the cities. Another common method of transportation is taxis running between the capital Bishkek and some regional centers - Talas, Naryn, Osh, Jalal-Abad. From Osh city there is a taxi to Jalal-Abad and Batken. Each passenger pays the cost of the trip based on one seat.

You can “catch” a car on the street or order it at any time of the day by calling 150, 152, 154, 156, 166, 182 or 188. A trip within the city will cost 70-100 KGS during the day and 120-150 KGS at night. In any case, it is better to clarify the cost in advance. You can also rent a car with a driver for the whole day - this will cost less than a similar service at rental offices. Expect 800-1200 KGS per day.

In the Issyk-Kul direction from Bishkek, especially in summer, there is a significant flow of buses, fixed-route taxis and passing taxis. From Bishkek to minibus you can get to the city of Balykchy - former Rybachye - at the beginning of Issyk-Kul, the city of Cholpon-Ata - on the northern shore of Lake Issyk-Kul, where there are many boarding houses, as well as the city of Karakol - the far part of the basin, considered the administrative center of the Issyk-Kul region and located 10-12 km from the lake shore. The road to Batken and Talas involves crossing the border; There are internal routes, but the condition of some of them is not always satisfactory.

The population of Bishkek has approached one million and the creation of a light metro and an urban electric train is planned.

Shopping

You should buy Kyrgyz souvenirs in the TSUM, which is familiar to us from the general Soviet past - the central department store of the Kyrgyz capital on Chui Avenue, 155. There is a large selection of local crafts from reasonable prices. Another popular shopping site in Bishkek is the bustling and colorful Osh Bazaar, where it seems you can buy even the most outlandish goods. The Dordoi market sells a variety of household goods, clothing and shoes, and at the Ak-Emir bazaar you can buy fresh products from local farmers: fruits and vegetables, kumiss and soft cheeses, horse sausage and much more. High-quality folk crafts - "kalpaks", felt carpets, items of national costume - are sold in the Kyrgyz Style store on Bokonbaeva Street, 133 and the cozy Asahi boutique on Chui Avenue, 136. Fans of antiques will be delighted by the real Aladdin's cave on Manas Avenue, 47 - Many Kyrgyz and Asian antiquities are collected here, as well as iconic things from the Soviet era. For “painting”, you should look into the Asia Gallery, cute and original clay products can be found in the Saimaluu-Tash art gallery, and magnificent (and expensive) embroidery is presented in the Tumar art salon.

Population

Bishkek city (formerly known as Frunze) is the most big city Kyrgyzstan and at the same time its capital. The city is characterized by complex and ambiguous demographic processes. Historically, a large urban settlement arose on the site of Bishkek only in the last quarter of the 19th century after the entry of Kyrgyzstan and the Chui Valley into the Russian Empire and the appearance of the first Russian and Ukrainian settlers here. However, until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the city was actually an agricultural village, reminiscent of a large Cossack village with a Russian-Ukrainian population. During the years of Soviet power, especially after the evacuation of a number of residents and industries from the front to the rear, the city experienced rapid prosperity, which can only be compared with the development during the years of independence of Kyrgyzstan.

Demographic situation

Until the mid-twentieth century, Frunze remained a predominantly Russian-speaking city, but the demographic situation in it began to change already in the late 60s. Although neither the city itself nor the flat Chui region surrounding it were part of the historical area of ​​the Kirghiz, who preferred mountain villages for their traditional occupation - transhumance, they were nevertheless part of the Kirghiz SSR.

The policy of rooting and the demographic explosion in the Kyrgyz environment led to the beginning of mass migration of Kyrgyz people from mountainous areas in the second half of the twentieth century. After the collapse of the USSR, these processes took on a spontaneous, uncontrollable character and Russians ceased to be the largest ethnic group in the region, and due to mass emigration, their share fell by more than 20 percentage points in the city and region. Kyrgyz now make up more than half of the city's population, mainly in the southern and eastern areas of spontaneous development. But the capital still has a fairly high proportion of various ethno-linguistic minorities. According to the 1999 census, 762 thousand inhabitants lived in the city, which is 151,000 or 24.7% more than in 1989 - 15.8% of the country's population and 45% of its urban population.

The main demographic indicators of the city are ambiguous, since the demographic behavior of European and Asian peoples differs significantly. The region, compared to other regions, is characterized by a moderate birth rate (although it increased somewhat as the share of Kyrgyz and other Asian peoples grew), moderate mortality rate, low natural increase and a significant level of emigration outside Kyrgyzstan in the last decade (especially among Europeans, and recently also Kyrgyz, heading to work in neighboring Kazakhstan and Russia), and high level migration of Kyrgyz from the southern regions and mountain villages in search of work to the capital, where the majority find work in bazaars and clothing markets. The economic situation in the capital has also deteriorated significantly compared to the past.

National composition

The ethnic composition of the city is still variegated, but there is a tendency towards an absolute predominance of the Kyrgyz population and a rapid decline in the proportion of Russian speakers who previously dominated, which affects the general atmosphere in which a new balance is being established. So, according to the 1970 census, the city’s population was 431 thousand people, of which:

• Russians 66.1% 285 thousand
• Kyrgyz 12.3% 53 thousand
• Ukrainians 6.2% 27 thousand
• Tatars 3.2% 14 thousand
• Uighurs 1.6% 7 thousand
• Uzbeks 1.5% 6 thousand
• Other 9.1% 40 thousand

According to the 1989 census:

• Russians 55.8% 341 thousand (+19,6 %)
• Kyrgyz 22.3% 138 thousand (2.6 times)
• Ukrainians 5.5% 34 thousand (+25,9 %)
• Other 16.4% 100 thousand

According to the 1999 census:

• Kyrgyz 397 thousand 52.1% (2.9 times)
• Russians 253 thousand 33.2% (-26 %)
• Ukrainians 16 thousand 2.1% (-53 %)
• Tatars 16 thousand 2.1%
• Koreans 13 thousand 1.7%
• Uzbeks 13 thousand 1.7%
• Uighurs 13 thousand 1.7%
• Kazakhs 12 thousand 1.6%
• Germans 5 thousand 0.7%
• Dungans 4 thousand 0.5%
• Turks 3 thousand 0.4%
• Azerbaijanis 3 thousand 0.4%
• Other 14 thousand (1,8 %)

It is noteworthy that representatives of 7 Turkic peoples live in the city in significant numbers: Kyrgyz, Kazakhs, Tatars, Uzbeks, Uyghurs, Turks and Azerbaijanis. The Russian language acts as a means of interethnic communication; in addition to the Kyrgyz language, many others are common as a native language.

Natural conditions

Bishkek is located in the center of the Chui Valley, at the foot of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too ridges, at an altitude of 760 meters above sea level. In terms of climatic conditions, Bishkek occupies the extreme southern position in the continental climate region of temperate latitudes. The monthly duration of sunshine is greatest in July - 322 hours, least in December - 126 hours. The climate in Bishkek is sharply continental, the average annual temperature is +10.2 °C. The coldest month is January (-4.7 °C), the warmest is July (+24.5 °C). The average monthly relative humidity increases from 44% in June and July to 74% in March, the annual average is 60%. The average number of sunny days per year is 322 days. The rivers Ala-Archa, Alamedin, and the Great Chui Canal flow through the city. (BCHK).

Policy

Local authority

Local self-government in Kyrgyzstan exists in populated areas and is implemented through the election of local keneshes by communities (advice)- representative bodies (analogous to the state parliament only locally), as well as executive and administrative bodies, permanent bodies headed by heads and implementing decisions of keneshes (advice). Local keneshes exist at the level of settlements, when in the past there were regional and district keneshes, forming a triarchy, in connection with which it was proposed to abolish the regional and district links. Heads of executive and administrative bodies (depending on the level - head, mayor) elected as deputies of local councils (advice). The exception is the capital - the city of Bishkek, as well as cities of republican significance, including the city of Osh in the south, whose mayors are appointed at the proposal of the President of the state. Local self-government exists alongside local government bodies: regions are governed by governors, and districts by akims.

Mayor

Representative power

Representative power is exercised as state level, and at the local level. The national representative body is parliament - the Jogorku Kenesh (analogous to the State Duma in the Russian Federation). At the time of the Declaration of Independence, Parliament was unicameral, then became bicameral, and then became unicameral again. Currently the Jogorku Kenesh (parliament) consists of 90 deputies elected for a term of five years according to party lists (proportional system). In the December 2007 elections, which were criticized for being undemocratic and massively falsified by observers from among public organizations and beyond - the OSCE Mission, the European Network of Election Observer Organizations ENEMO, the pro-presidential party "Ak Zhol" won the majority of seats (translated into Russian - Bright Path). Before the dissolution of parliament and the referendum on the adoption of a new constitution, initiated by President Bakiyev in the fall of 2007, the Jogorku Kenesh consisted of 70 deputies elected by a majoritarian system.

Representative power at the local government level is represented by local keneshes (with advice), elected by local communities of settlements. With the exception of cities of republican significance, chairmen of local keneshes are elected from among the deputies; in Bishkek, candidates for the post of mayor are proposed by the president of the state, belittling local self-government. An example of the insolvency of local self-government is the adoption by the Bishkek City Council of Deputies on the eve of the early parliamentary elections of 2007 of the Rules for holding rallies, processions, and demonstrations that contradict current laws and the Constitution. Subsequently, the Constitutional Court recognized these rules as inconsistent with the Constitution, which once again confirmed that local government still remains an appendage of state power. The date of elections for deputies of local councils is October 5, 2008. Due to changes to the Electoral Code, adopted together with the Constitution by referendum in 2007, political parties received significant powers at the local level.

Science and education

Bishkek is the largest scientific and educational center in Kyrgyzstan. In Bishkek there are the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Kyrgyz National University named after Jusup Balasagyn, the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, the American University of Central Asia, the International University of Kyrgyzstan and so on.

In what region is the city of Bishkek located?

A characteristic of a region or subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements, included in the region.

The region of Bishkek is an administrative unit of the state of Kyrgyzstan.

Population of the city of Bishkek.

Year of foundation of Bishkek.

What time zone is Bishkek located in?

Bishkek city phone code

Official website of the city of Bishkek.

Flag of the city of Bishkek.

Coat of arms of the city of Bishkek.

It might be useful to read:

• How to get on an excursion to Antarctica?;
• Czech Republic Troy Castle. Troja Castle in Prague. Ancient winery and museum;
• Böcklin and his “island of the dead” A cultural phenomenon of its time;
• Air tickets to Crimea Air tickets to Crimea will become cheaper;
• What you can and cannot take with you;
• Open left menu Heviz How to get from Budapest to Lake Heviz;
• Cable car in Nha Trang (Vinpearl) The longest cable car in the world Vietnam;
• Kamenets-Podolsk fortress - a historical monument of Ukraine Life outside the walls of the Kamenets-Podolsk fortress;