Unicum is an unusual place on the planet. Natural uniqueness of Russia. Topic: Introduction (1) Uniques of the distant

The age of our planet is calculated not in hundreds or thousands of years, but in billions. During this time, various disasters occurred, the climate changed, and the appearance of the environment changed. As a result, it appeared great amount interesting natural attractions. Russia is a huge country. Traveling from north to south, from west to east, you can see natural uniqueness that is not found anywhere else on Earth. These unusual corners of the country attract the attention of not only tourists, but also historians, archaeologists, and researchers.

Natural uniqueness of the Far East

The Kamchatka Peninsula is one of the unique places in the world. There is a rich plant and animal world, special climatic conditions, and many more natural uniques. One of them is the Valley of Geysers. In the geothermal reserve, on an area of ​​about 4 km 2, there are approximately two hundred fountains of boiling water, above which clouds of steam rise. All this happens against the backdrop of trees and lush grasses. The Valley of Geysers is one of the most visited places in Kamchatka. A unique place on the peninsula there is considered a grandiose fir grove, which is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. The tree belongs to pre-glacial, very ancient vegetation. The diameter of the fir trunk is about 25 cm, it grows up to 13 m in height. The needles smell very pleasant and contain essential oils.

Unique is a place that is not found anywhere else in the world; this is exactly what it is. In the Far East, it ranks first in size. The lake is unique in that 13 rivers flow into it. There is a lot of fish in Khanka, and also the giant water lily, lotus, and water chestnut grow here. The Lazovsky Nature Reserve is interesting for its wildlife. Sika deer, hazel grouse, tigers, sables, red deer, lynxes, wild boars, and pheasants live here. Also located on the territory of the reserve is a natural and archaeological attraction of Primorye.

Amazing places of the Urals

Various creations of nature are scattered throughout the world. There are also a lot of interesting places worthy of a visit. The Ilmensky ridge is located in this part of Russia; its depths store unique minerals that are not found anywhere else in the world. That is why a mineralogical reserve was created here. Unique is a place that amazes the imagination with its beauty. Not far from the city of Asbest lies the region of gems, there are a lot of accumulations of precious stones and one of the largest caves in the world can be called a natural uniqueness. In the process of its formation, underground waters took an active part, washing out and dissolving part of the anhydrites and gypsum. The cave has four tiers of passages, 58 grottoes, 16 of which are available for inspection by tourists.

Lake Baikal is the largest source of fresh water

On South Eastern Siberia the deepest place in the world is located fresh lake. If you compile a list of “Natural record holders and unique ones of Russia”, then Baikal will undoubtedly take one of the leading places. The lake and its coastal areas are rich in diverse flora and fauna. The area occupied by Lake Baikal could accommodate an entire country, for example Belgium. Exactly this deep lake on the planet, the water in it is incredibly clean, mineralization is weakly expressed. There are 22 islands on Baikal. The area here is very beautiful, there are steep cliffs, impressive waterfalls, untouched by man taiga. There is a nature reserve on Baikal whose goal is to preserve and restore the population of sable, seal, brown bear, deer and other animals.

Handsome Elbrus

In the northern part of the Main Caucasus Range is the highest mountain in Russia and throughout Europe. Natural uniqueness from different regions of Russia cannot compete with the main attraction of the Caucasus - the “two-headed” Elbrus. A thousand years ago, the mountain was an active volcano, which later went extinct and was covered with glaciers. Here and there on Elbrus you can find mineral and thermal springs emitting chloride and sulfuric acid gases, they are reminiscent of the past of this handsome man, when he roared throughout the entire area, spewing lava. The mountain is covered by huge areas of glaciers that feed mountain and valley rivers. About 100 thousand people climb Elbrus every year, because climbing does not require special preparation.

Ussuri taiga

The forests of the Primorsky Territory, which are a mixture of subtropical and Siberian vegetation, occupy a special place in the forest zone of the country. The local uniqueness is a combination of two worlds. Animals and birds of the tropics and Siberia coexist nearby. In summer, heat-loving creatures settle here. With the arrival of winter, birds fly to tropical countries, and animals hibernate. With the onset of the cold season, birds of northern species fly to the taiga. This area attracts tourists and researchers with its beautiful landscapes, abundance different types birds, animals, insects, many of which are included in the Red Book.

Weathering pillars

There is an amazing geological uniqueness located here - the so-called Mansi boobies. Natural monument also known as “Weathering Pillars”. These are stone figures fancy shapes located in a hard-to-reach place. Archaeologists claim that nature itself created them over 200 million years. The pillars are shrouded in legends and myths; local peoples revered them and considered them sacred. Today, this miracle of nature can be seen by everyone, although getting to it will require a lot of effort.

These are just a few natural uniques; Russia is rich and beautiful country, there are many interesting places with a rich history on its territory.

The article talks about unique natural objects that are located in this area. Contains information about the relief, flora and fauna of the region. Gives detailed physical and geographical characteristics of the most remote but rich region of Russia.

Far East of Russia

The Far East is usually called the territory of Russia, which is located off the Pacific coast. Its area is 6215.9 thousand km. sq.

If by the Far East we mean the Far Eastern Federal District, then its capital is Khabarovsk, and the capital of the Primorsky Territory is Vladivostok. This question often causes confusion.

This territory includes located directly in Pacific Ocean natural area that belongs to the Kuril archipelago.

Rice. 1. Far East on the map.

The territory consists of the following parts:

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• mainland;
• peninsular;
• island

Except Kuril Islands The territory includes the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin Island, the Commander Islands and other isolated islands that are located near the eastern borders of Russia.

In Kamchatka there is one of the remarkable unique Far East- Valley of Geysers.

Rice. 2. Valley of Geysers.

This is the only area in Russia with periodically gushing geysers.

Maritime communications are developed here and therefore there are many ports located in the Far East.

However, the presence of a large number of ports also gives rise to problems associated with illegal fishing.

The length of the region from northeast to southwest is quite large and equal to 4.5 thousand kilometers.

The northern regions of the territories are located beyond the Arctic Circle, and there is almost always snow here.

Almost all seas washing the coast are not completely cleared of ice even in summer.

The lands of this region are dominated by permafrost. Here, for the most part, tundra reigns.

In the southern part of the region, conditions are slightly milder.

The climate of the Far East is strongly influenced by its close proximity to the Pacific Ocean.

The region is localized at the junction of two massive lithospheric plates. The southern Far Eastern region is characterized by a predominance of low and medium-altitude mountain ranges.

Only 1/4 of the territory of the Far East is covered by plains.

Natural resources

TO geographical features include, first of all, the unique economic geographical position territories. They are characterized by alienation from the main and most populated areas of the country.

The next factor is natural potential. The Far East is considered one of the richest regions of Russia.

Here you can get:

• diamonds - 98%;
• tin - 80%;
• boron raw materials - 90%;
• gold - 50%.

The location of the Far East on the border of a majestic continent and the largest ocean globe had a significant impact on the characteristics of the natural-territorial complexes of the region, as well as on their location.

In addition to the anthropogenic factor, the environmental problems of the region also include the problem of wastewater.

The inland waters of the Far East suffer extremely from this - the region is recognized as a fish treasure of Russia. And this is not surprising, since it is enough to imagine what seas the territory of the Far East is washed by. The list is quite impressive:

• Laptev sea;
• East-Siberian Sea;
• Chukchi Sea;
• Bering Sea;
• Sea of ​​Okhotsk;
• Japanese Sea.

The landscape of the area began its formation in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Then folded zones and intermountain depressions appeared.

In the past, the highest parts of the mountains were dominated by glaciers. This is evidenced by the preserved small relief-forming forms.

The highest altitude of the Kuril Mountains is 2339 m. Alaid Volcano.

Rice. 3. Alaid Volcano.

Powerful (up to 10 magnitude) earthquakes often occur here. They are also the cause of the tsunami.

The Far Eastern nature reserves are among the largest in Russia. The nature in these parts is quite harsh. This is explained by the fact that the mainland in the north and northeast is adjacent to the waters of the Arctic basin.

You can often find arctic foxes in the tundra, polar bear or reindeer. Squirrels, lynxes, wolverines and brown bears are common in the taiga. During the warm season, the tundra is flooded with a large number of migratory birds. In the taiga, birds are represented by hazel grouse, wood grouse, woodpeckers, nuthatches and thrushes. In the mountainous areas, the animals that live mainly are snow leopards and musk deer.

What have we learned?

We found out what features and specific features the territory has. We learned which environmental problems are the most pressing. We found out which seas wash the shores of the Far Eastern region.

Test on the topic

Evaluation of the report

Average rating: 4.5. Total ratings received: 542.

Lesson topic: Natural complexes Far East. Natural uniqueness.

Lesson Objectives: To develop students’ knowledge about the natural complexes of the Far East, to develop students’ knowledge about the natural regions of Russia, to instill in students a caring attitude towards nature.

EDUCATIONAL TASKS

I. Educational

To develop students’ knowledge about the natural complexes of the Far East

To develop students’ knowledge about the natural features of the Chukotka Highlands

To develop students’ knowledge about the nature of the Kamchatka Peninsula

To develop students’ knowledge about the peculiarities of the nature of Sakhalin

To develop students’ knowledge about the nature of Primorye

To develop students’ knowledge about the natural uniqueness of the Far East

II. Developmental

Ability to work with various sources of information, ability to highlight the main thing, systematize material, ability to see cause-and-effect relationships;

Independence in replenishing knowledge, nurturing patriotism, environmental awareness, interest in the subject

III. Educational

Convince students that studying the Far East is necessary for the socio-economic development of the country, economic activity person

Facilities and equipment: textbook, atlas, outline maps, notebook, map of the Far East, map of Russia
DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

Greeting, checking absentees, checking preparedness for the lesson

II. Checking homework

When checking homework, we use the frontal type of questioning.

1. 
   General geographical location of Eastern Siberia
2. 
   Features of the climate (type of climate, its main characteristics)
3. 
   General characteristics of the relief
4. 
   What natural regions of Eastern Siberia have we studied?
5. 
   What types natural resources found in Eastern Siberia? (examples)

III. Learning new material

Updating knowledge

Motivation to learn new material

Teacher : So, we have already studied almost all natural regions of Russia. Today we will begin to study the last region - the Far East. Let's get acquainted with the natural complexes of the Far East, the natural features of the region and some unique things of the Far East

Natural complexes of the Far East. Natural uniqueness.(write on the board)

The method of presenting new material is a story-conversation.

Teacher : The position of the territory of the Far East on the border of the largest continent and the largest ocean on Earth significantly influenced the characteristics of the region’s natural-territorial complexes and their location. Marine air masses arriving on land in summer are colder than the continent. Therefore, due to the heat spent on warming them up, summer air temperatures over the coast are significantly lower than in the interior parts of the mainland. Sea air brings a lot of moisture, which leads to an increase in precipitation compared to inland areas. These conditions are the main reason for the sharp shift in the Far East to the south of the border natural areas compared to mainland areas.

Teacher : Let's remember what factors form the basis for the zoning of natural regions?

Student : Relief

Student : Animal world

Student : Vegetation

Teacher : The physical-geographical zoning of the Far East is based on two factors: the structural features of the surface and the nature of vegetation. Let's consider the most typical physical and geographical regions of the Far East: the Chukotka tundra highlands, the Kamchatka young tundra-forested mountains, Sakhalin Island with coniferous-deciduous forests, the Ussuri taiga.
Chukotka Highlands.

Teacher : Let's mark the Chukotka Plateau on contour maps

The climate of the Chukotka Highlands is one of the harshest in the Far East. Therefore, the Chukotka Plateau is a combination of flat and mountain tundras with a mountainous Arctic desert. In the north of the Chukotka Peninsula, the mountain tundra rises no higher than 100-200 m; in the south, the tundra is located much higher. Common inhabitants of the tundra are reindeer, arctic fox, lemmings and tundra partridges. Many waterfowl nest in the swampy lowlands. On the coast of the Chukchi Sea there are walrus rookeries, and on the coastal cliffs there are bird colonies.
Kamchatka Peninsula.

Teacher : The nature of Kamchatka is no less interesting. But before we begin to study in more detail of this complex Let's get acquainted with the history of the development of the complex.

Listen to an oral response from one of the students

Historical reference.

The first information about Kamchatka was obtained from the “tales” (reports) of explorers. The honor of discovering Kamchatka belongs to Vladimir Atlasov, who made trips there in 1697-1699. Soon Kamchatka was included in Russia. He also drew up a drawing (map) of Kamchatka and gave a detailed description of it.

As a result of the First (1725-1730) and Second (1733-1743) Kamchatka expeditions under the leadership of the famous Russian navigator Vitus Bering, the division of Asia and North America, the Aleutian and Commander Islands were discovered, maps were compiled, and valuable material about Kamchatka was collected. S.P. Krasheninnikov took part in the Second Kamchatka Expedition, whose work “Description of the Land of Kamchatka” is one of the classic works of geographical literature.

In the 19th century voyages from St. Petersburg to Russian America began with an obligatory visit to Kamchatka and Petropavlovsk. During this period, Petropavlovsk became Russia's main base in the Far East. The city is located on the shores of the unusually beautiful Avacha Bay, a part of Avacha Bay that juts deep into the land. Avachinskaya, Koryakskaya and Vilyuchanskaya hills rise above it.
Teacher : Kamchatka is a country of natural contrasts, extraordinary originality, and captivating beauty. Mountains, active and extinct volcanoes, vast valleys and lowlands, mountain and lowland rivers, cold and hot mineral springs- all this is on the peninsula.

This is one of the most remote corners of the country from the European center of Russia. About 2/3 of Kamchatka's area is occupied by mountains. This is an area of ​​young folded volcanic mountains with tundra and forest vegetation. Two ridges stretch along the entire peninsula - Sredinny and Vostochny, separated by the Central Kamchatka depression with the Kamchatka River flowing through it. The ridges are topped with volcanic cones with snow caps and glaciers. From time to time, Kamchatka is shaken by volcanic eruptions. There are about 30 active and more than 130 extinct volcanoes. One of the most active and highest volcanoes world - Klyuchevskaya Sopka, its height is 4750 m.

Teacher : Find active volcanoes on the atlas maps, mark them on contour map(Ichinskaya Sopka, Mutnovskaya Sopka, Koryak Sopka, Shuveluch volcano, Kronotskaya Sopka)

Teacher : Do you think volcanoes have an impact on the nature of Kamchatka?

Active volcanic activity affects many other features of nature. Thus, as a result of eruptions, soils periodically receive additional portions of primary minerals, which ensures their high fertility. Forecast volcanic eruptions deals with the science of volcanology.

Teacher : Do you think it is necessary to monitor volcanoes and why?

Almost all large volcanoes have special stations where, with the help of modern instruments, they monitor the temperature of rocks, conduct chemical analyzes of gases, and listen to the crater of the volcano. The onset of activation can be predicted in a few days volcanic activity and warn residents of surrounding towns and villages.
The climate of Kamchatka is characterized by excess humidity throughout the year. The driest and warmest place is the Central Kamchatka depression. The Kamchatka Peninsula occupies a subzone of coniferous and birch park forests. The specificity of this subzone is the predominance of small-leaved trees (stone and Japanese birches) over conifers and the widespread occurrence of tall grasses. Common herbs include shelamaynik, basilisk, bear's flute and other umbelliferous herbs. Mountain ranges covered with thickets of dwarf cedar and shrubby alder; even higher are mountain tundras, alpine meadows and the snow zone of Kamchatka glaciers. The dwarf cedar forests are inhabited by very large brown bears, Kamchatka sables, squirrels, chipmunks, lynx, Kamchatka nutcrackers, etc. Reindeer live in the mountain tundras, and bighorn sheep graze in the alpine mountain meadows.

Sakhalin- most big Island Russia, its area is 76,400 square meters. km, the length from north to south is more than 900 km, the greatest width is 160 km, the smallest is 47 km.

The island is mountainous, but the mountains are not high - the average height is 500 - 800 m. The highest point of the island is Mount Lopatina in the East Sakhalin Mountains. Its height is 1609 m above sea level. Sakhalin is located in the seismically active zone of the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is why frequent earthquakes occur within its borders. The last one, with a force of 8, occurred in 1995. The geological structure of Sakhalin consists mainly of sedimentary rocks, which are associated with deposits of oil, gas, and building materials.

A characteristic feature of Sakhalin's climate is high relative humidity and frequent winds. Precipitation is clearly distributed across the seasons, which is explained by the dominance of the monsoon circulation.

The island has many short, rapids mountain rivers and mountain and valley lakes. The flora and fauna of the island are poorer than on the mainland. But in the adjacent sea waters there are preserved species that have disappeared or are very rare on the mainland, for example, the one and a half meter sea otter and the two-meter fur seal. In the north of the island you can find reindeer moss, and in the far south you can find blooming magnolias.

Two thirds of Sakhalin's territory is occupied by forests. In the north, the light-coniferous taiga of Daurian larch dominates (let's remember which complex this species is typical for) with an admixture of birch and alder; in the south - dark coniferous forests of Ayan spruce, fir with an admixture of broad-leaved species - oak, yew. Thickets of bamboo and vines are common throughout the south.

Primorye, or Primorsky Krai, located in the southern part of the Far East, on the coast Sea of ​​Japan. Its territory could easily accommodate such European countries as Belgium, Holland, Denmark and Switzerland combined. The appearance of the region is characterized by numerous ridges, ridges and isolated hills. Tectonic they are quite young. Almost all the mountains of Primorye belong to mountainous country Sikhote-Alin.

The monsoon climate, characteristic of the entire Far East, is most pronounced in Primorye.

Teacher : Let's remember what is typical for this climate

The monsoon climate of the temperate zone is typical for the southern regions of the Far East. Usually, when the mainland cools in winter and therefore increases atmospheric pressure dry, cold air flows toward warmer air over the ocean. The mainland warms up in summer more ocean and now colder oceanic air rushes to the continent, bringing cloudiness and heavy precipitation; sometimes typhoons even form. Average January temperatures here are -15, -30 °C; in summer, in July, +10, +20 "C. Precipitation - 600-800 mm per year - falls mainly in summer. If the melting of snow in the mountains coincides with heavy rains, floods occur. Humidification is excessive everywhere (humidification coefficient is more than one).

In terms of the amount of solar heat, Primorye ranks one of the first places in Russia, not inferior to Black Sea coast Caucasus.

Abundance of moisture in summer time promotes the development of powerful vegetation cover. Most of the territory of Primorye is occupied by the famous Ussuri taiga, in which coniferous and broad-leaved species are combined in the most bizarre way. Cedar and larch grow next to Manchurian walnut and Amur velvet. Over 250 species of trees and shrubs grow in the forests of the region. Primorye occupies one of the first places in Russia in terms of the number of endemics - plants distributed only in this area. Only here do Amur velvet (cork tree), iron birch, Maak euonymus, etc. grow. There are many relict plants in the region that have been preserved since the Neogene.

The fauna of Primorye is diverse and rich. Endemics include the Ussuri tiger, the leatherback turtle, the remains of the Neogene and Quaternary fauna include the sika deer, the Ussuri black bear, the Amur goral antelope, the small graceful mandarin duck, stunning beauty its plumage, ground thrush, etc.

Up to hundreds of species of fish live in the lakes and rivers of the region. In coniferous-deciduous forests there are many midges and ticks that cause harm to humans and animals.
Natural uniqueness of the Far East.

Teacher : Let's listen to the messages of your classmates about the natural uniqueness of the Far East

Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers.

Most active volcanoes on the Eastern volcanic plateau, composed of lava covers, tuffs, ash and elevated to 600-1000 m. Numerous geysers are associated with these volcanoes. The Valley of Geysers is the biggest attraction of Kamchatka. Geysers were first discovered by an employee of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve G.I. Ustinova in 1941, penetrating to the river, which later received the name Geysernaya (a tributary of the Shumnaya River). Here, in a deep canyon-like gorge, there are several groups of geysers. Among them are “Firstborn”, “Giant”, “Triple”, “Fountain”, “Pearl”, “Double” and others - a total of 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating sources and more than 300 small ones, boiling and freely flowing. The largest geyser, “Giant”, operates in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but thick steam continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, covering the adjacent parts of the valley.

Grand fir grove(Kamchatka) on east coast Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, trunk diameter is 20-25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell pleasant. Botanists classify grand fir as an ancient (pre-glacial) vegetation.

Lake Khanka- the largest in the Far East. Located at an altitude of 69 m above sea level. Its length is up to 95 km, width up to 65 km, area more than 4 thousand square meters. km, average depth is about 4 m. 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. The lake is home to a relict lotus plant, a giant water lily whose leaves reach 2 m in diameter, and a water chestnut.

Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) reserve (area 116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, in the cedar-deciduous forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, sika deer and wapiti, pheasants and hazel grouse live. Part of the reserve is the small (about 30 hectares) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the shore of Xiaohe Bay. Petrov Island is an archaeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited several centuries ago. In the relict yew grove, some trees reach 200-300 years old.
IV. Consolidating new material

Mark geographic objects on the contour map

What are the main factors underlying the zoning of the Far East?

What type of climate is typical for the region?

Compare the natural complexes of the northern and southern parts Far East, indicate their significant differences. 3. Describe the natural complexes of Kamchatka.

What is the main difference between natural complexes island parts Far East from the mainland?

VI. Homework instruction

Paragraph 42, start filling out the table, prepare contour maps
Topic: Population and economic development of the Far East
Lesson objectives:

1. Study the population and specialization of the economy of the economic region.

Show the influence of EGP features on the development of the economy of the Far East.

2. Improve the ability to work according to a standard plan, analyze statistical data, atlas maps.

Students should know:

1. EGP of the Far East.

2. Population and economic specialization of the region.

3.Lack of labor resources .

Students should be able to:

1. Perform practical tasks on a contour map.

2. Be able to analyze statistical data, atlas maps.

3. Show nomenclature objects.

Lesson type: Workshop with lecture elements.

Lesson equipment:

Physical and economic maps of the Far East.

Map of the distribution and population density of the Far East. Statistical table “Territory and population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.” Assignments for practical work.

During the classes.

1. Org. moment. 2. FNZ. 2.1.Population of the Far East. 2.2.Working with thematic maps of the atlas. 2.3. Work in groups. 2.4. Compiling a table by students. 3.Practical work: “Identification of features and problems of development of the Far East. 4. Summing up the lesson. 5. Homework.

Communicating the goals and objectives of the lesson. For a long time the area remained sparsely populated. During the years of Soviet power, the population grew 8 times, but despite this, there is a constant need for labor resources. The intensity of migration is the highest in the country. Currently, there is an outflow of population from the north. The urban population predominates. Using the political-administrative and religious map of the population of Russia, name the peoples and language families living in the Far East. Using a map of population location and density, name and show the major and Largest cities Far East. Give a description of the population density of the Far East. Farm specialization. The economic specialization of the region is mining, non-ferrous metallurgy, forestry, and fish processing industries. By natural and economic conditions zones are distinguished: 1. In the south, the fertile plains of the Amur region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories are inhabited. The monsoon climate causes good conditions For Agriculture and people's lives. Industry, population and main cities are concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway. The South Yakut (coal, electric power, metallurgy) and Amur regions are being formed (Komsomolsk-on-Amur - mechanical engineering centers) In the Magadan region and the Sakha Republic, the harsh conditions of the north make it difficult for the economic development of the territory. The main transport axes are the river. Lena, Northern Sea Route. On the Pacific coast, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands, economic development is hampered by poor development social sphere and transport. Development prospects: 1.Creation of technopolises; 2. In the south, develop the fuel industry, electric power, mechanical engineering, and defense industries. 1. Parts of the region (north, south, east). 2. Specialization (for each region). 3. Factors stimulating the development of this production (fertile lands, monsoon climate, unfavorable natural conditions, access to the ocean). 1. Features of the EGP. 2. Economic development of the region. 3.Problems of the Far East and ways to solve them. 4. Economic ties of the Far East, promoting its development. 1. How does the EGP of the Far East influence the development of the region’s economy? 2. Describe the structure of the economy of the Far East. What industries can be called industries of specialization? 3. The Far East is a territory with a free economic zone in the Nakhodka region. What do you think caused the creation of a free economic zone here? 4. Using Figure 88 (p. 327 of the textbook), analyze the process of interaction between the Far East and other economic regions of Russia. 5. Analyze the main statistical indicators of the economy of the Far East. 2. Complete the practical work: “Identifying the features and problems of the development of the Far East.” 3. Learn geographical nomenclature on the topic "Far East".

Topic: Economy of the Far East
Tasks: 1. Repeat and test students’ knowledge of the nature and population of the Far East.

2.Give schoolchildren knowledge about the economy of the Far East.

3.Develop geographical thinking, memory, and attention of students.

4. Stimulate an emotional attitude and interest in solving social and environmental problems of the Far East, in the prospects for the development of this part of Russia.

Lesson type: combined.

Visibility: atlas of Russia, outline map, physical map Russia, computer disk.

During the classes

1. 
   Organizing time.

Greeting students. Teacher's communication of lesson objectives.

1. 
   Repetition and testing of knowledge

Each student is given a strip of paper for testing. The student’s task is to number the questions on a piece of paper and put a “+” sign next to them if they agree with the statement and “-” if they disagree.

Questions.

1. 
   Almost the entire territory of the Far East belongs to the region of Cenozoic folding.
2. 
   The area experiences frequent earthquakes and seaquakes.
3. 
   The main precipitation in the south of the Far East falls in winter.
4. 
   Far Eastern rivers are predominantly flat.
5. 
   The Amur is the largest waterway in the Far East.
6. 
   The largest lake in the region is Khanka.
7. 
   The flora and fauna of the Far East are poorer. Than Siberia and the European part of Russia.
8. 
   The Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano is located on the island. Sakhalin.
9. 
   Primorye has a monsoon climate.
10. 
    The Ussuri tiger lives in the taiga of the Far East.
11. 
    The shores of the Far East are washed by 3 seas.
12. 
    Whales and seals are found in the Chukchi Sea.

Strips of paper with the students' answers are handed over to the teacher.

There is an unfinished test on the board, complete it

(I call students to the board one by one)

1. Population of the Far East…………….

2.Average population density…………..

3.Indigenous people: Chukchi, ………….

4.The population predominates (urban, rural)……….

5. 500 thousand people each. only in two cities…………

6.Problems of the area…………..
3. Studying new material.

The teacher asks questions:

1.What riches does the Far East have?

2.Why are these resources poorly used?

3. Having looked through the material on the topic on the disk, highlight the leading sectors of the economy of the Far East?

Working with atlas and contour map.

Task: sign 5 large ones on the outline map industrial centers Far East.

A student's report about the city of Vladivostok is heard.
Working with the student and workbooks.

From the text of paragraph 60 - write down the main problems of the Far East in your workbook.

Checking independent work.

A student's report on the prospects for the development of the Far East is heard.
4. The final part of the lesson.

Teacher: What have you learned about the economy of the Far East?

Giving grades for work in class.
At home: on a landscape sheet, come up with and colorfully depict the coat of arms of the Far East, prepare a message about Khabarovsk, working with additional literature.

Topic: Economy of the Far East (2nd version of the lesson)

The motto of the lesson: “Who, if not us?

When, if not now?
Educational goals:
1. Formation of independent activity of students in groups when assessing the natural resource potential and specialization of the economic region.

2. Be able to analyze cause-and-effect relationships.

3. Work on general educational skills: generalize and compare, listen, be able to answer questions to the point.

4. Build key competencies.
Equipment:
Physical and political-administrative map of the Far East, landscapes of the Far East.
Methods and forms of educational activities:
Using an interactive method. Collective work in groups to discuss questions posed by the teacher using Brainstorming.
Work organization:
1. Creation of four groups and appointment of commanders.

2. Give an advanced task

Glyadensky basic secondary school No. 11.

Essay

by geography

Subject: Kamchatka Peninsula.

Natural uniqueness of the Far East

East.

Completed by: Tykvenko Marina.

Checked:

Looked 2007

Kamchatka Peninsula. Kamchatka is a country of natural contrasts, extraordinary originality, and captivating beauty. Mountains, active and extinct volcanoes, vast valleys and lowlands, mountain and lowland rivers, cold and hot mineral springs - all this is on the peninsula.

This is one of the most remote corners of the country from the European center of Russia. About ⅔ of Kamchatka's area is occupied by mountains. This is an area of ​​young folded volcanic mountains with tundra and forest vegetation. Two ridges stretch along the entire peninsula - Median And Oriental, shared Central Kamchatka depression with the Kamchatka River flowing through it. The ridges are topped with volcanic cones with snow caps and glaciers. From time to time, Kamchatka is shaken by volcanic eruptions. There are about 130 extinct volcanoes on the peninsula. One of the most active and highest volcanoes in the world - Klyuchevsky, its height is 4750 m.

Active volcanic activity affects many other features of nature. Thus, as a result of eruptions, soils periodically receive additional portions of primary minerals, which ensures their high fertility.

The science of volcanology deals with the prediction of volcanic eruptions. Almost all large volcanoes Special stations have been created where, with the help of modern instruments, they monitor the temperature of rocks, conduct chemical analyzes of gases, and listen to the crater of the volcano. In a few days, it is possible to predict the beginning of increased volcanic activity and warn residents of surrounding towns and villages.

Volcanologists are people in a dangerous profession. Sometimes they have to work on channels of lava that has not yet cooled down, descend into the crater of a volcano, be under “fire” from hot stones, near red-hot lava with a temperature of about +1300 ° C.

The climate of Kamchatka is characterized by excess humidity throughout the year. The driest and warmest place is the Central Kamchatka depression.

The Kamchatka Peninsula occupies a subzone of coniferous and birch park forests. The specificity of this subzone is the predominance of small-leaved trees (stone and Japanese birches) over conifers and the widespread occurrence of tall grasses.

Stone birch has gray or reddish bark and a thick curly crown: the height of the trees usually does not exceed 10 m. Due to the curvature of the trunk, stone birch is little used in construction, but is used mainly for firewood and crafts. However, stone birch forests play an important water and soil protection role.

Common herbs include shelamaynik, basilisk, bear's flute and other umbelliferous herbs.

The mountain ranges are covered with thickets of dwarf cedar and shrubby alder; even higher are mountain tundras, alpine meadows and the snow zone of Kamchatka glaciers.

The dwarf cedar forests are home to very large brown bears, Kamchatka sables, squirrels, chipmunks, lynx, Kamchatka nutcrackers, etc. Reindeer live in the mountain tundras, and bighorn sheep graze in the alpine mountain meadows.

Historical reference. The first information about Kamchatka was obtained from the “tales” (reports) of explorers. The honor of discovering Kamchatka belongs to Vladimir Atlasov, who made trips there in the years. Soon Kamchatka was included in Russia. He also drew up a drawing (map) of Kamchatka and gave a detailed description of it.

As a result of the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions under the leadership of the Russian navigator Vitus Bering, the separation of Asia and North America was confirmed, Aleutian And Commander Islands, maps have been drawn up.

Natural uniqueness of the Far East. Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers.

The most active volcanoes are on the Eastern volcanic plateau, composed of lava covers, tuffs, ash and elevated to m. Numerous geysers are associated with these volcanoes. The Valley of Geysers is the biggest attraction of Kamchatka. Geysers were first discovered by an employee of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve in 1941, penetrating to the river, which later received the name Geysernaya(inflow R. Noisy). Here, in a deep canyon-like gorge, there are several groups of geysers. Among them “Firstborn”, “Giant”, “Triple”, “Fountain”, “Pearl”, “Double” and others - a total of 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating springs and more than 300 small, boiling and freely flowing springs. The largest geyser, “Giant”, operates in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but thick steam continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, covering the adjacent parts of the valley.

Grove of grandiose fir (Kamchatka) on the eastern coast of Kamchatka is part of Kronotsky Nature Reserve. These are unusually slender beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, trunk diameter is 20 - 25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell pleasant. Botanists classify the grandiose fir as an ancient (pre-glacial) vegetation.

Lake Khanka – females are large in the Far East. Located at an altitude of 69 m above sea level. Its length is up to 95 km, width up to 65 km, area more than 4 thousand square meters. km, average depth is about 4 m. About 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. The lake is home to a relict lotus plant, a giant water lily whose leaves reach 2 m in diameter, and a water chestnut.

Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) Nature Reserve (area 116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, in the cedar-deciduous forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, sika deer and wapiti, pheasants and hazel grouse live. Part of the reserve is also small (about 30 hectares) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the shore of the bay Xiaohe. Petrov Island is an archaeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited several centuries ago. In the relict yew grove, some trees reach 200-300 years old.

Home > Abstract

Natural uniqueness of the Far East.Teacher : Let's listen to the messages of your classmates about the natural uniqueness of the Far East Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers. Most active volcanoes are on the Eastern volcanic plateau, composed of lava covers, tuffs, ash and an elevation of up to 600-1000 m. These volcanoes are associated with We have numerous geysers. The Valley of Geysers is the biggest attraction of Kamchatka. Geysers were first discovered by an employee of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve G.I. Ustinova in 1941, penetrating to the river, which later received the name Geysernaya (a tributary of the Shumnaya River). Here, in a deep canyon-like gorge, there are several groups of geysers. Among them are “Perbornets”, “Giant”, “Triple”, “Fountain”, “Pearl”, “Double” and others - a total of 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating sources and more than 300 small, boiling and freely pouring out. The largest geyser, “Giant,” operates in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but thick steam continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, covering the adjacent parts of the valley. Grand fir grove(Kamchatka) on the eastern coast of Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, trunk diameter is 20-25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell pleasant. Botanists classify the grandiose fir as an ancient (pre-glacial) vegetation. Lake Khanka- the largest in the Far East. Located at an altitude of 69 m above ocean level. Its length is up to 95 km, width up to 65 km, area more than 4 thousand square meters. km, average depth is about 4 m. 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. The lake is home to a relict lotus plant, a giant water lily whose leaves reach 2 m in diameter, and a water chestnut. Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) reserve (area 116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, in the cedar-broad-leaved forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, sika deer and wapiti, pheasants and hazel grouse live. Part of the reserve is the small (about 30 hectares) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the shore of Xiaohe Bay. Petrov Island is an archaeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited several centuries ago. In the relict yew grove, some trees reach 200-300 years. IV. Consolidating new material- mark geographical objects on a contour map - what are the main factors that form the basis for the zoning of the Far East - what type of climate is typical for the region - Compare the natural complexes of the northern and southern parts of the Far East, indicate their significant differences. 3. Describe the natural complexes of Kamchatka. - What is the main difference between the natural complexes of the island parts of the Far East from the mainland ones? VI. Homework instruction Paragraph 42, start filling out the table, prepare contour maps Topic: Population and economic development of the Far East Lesson objectives: 1. Study the population and specialization of the economy of the economic region. Show the influence of the characteristics of the EGP on the development of the economy of the Far East. 2. Improve the ability to work according to a standard plan, analyze statistical data, atlas maps. Students should know: 1. EGP of the Far East.2. Population and specialization of the region's economy. 3. Lack of labor resources . Students should be able to: 1. Perform practical tasks on a contour map.2. Be able to analyze statistical data, atlas maps. 3. Show nomenclature objects. Lesson type: Workshop with lecture elements.Lesson equipment: Physical and economic maps of the Far East. Map of the distribution and population density of the Far East. Statistical table “Territory and population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.” Assignments for practical work.

During the classes.

1. Org. moment.2. FNZ.2.1.Population of the Far East.2.2.Working with thematic maps of the atlas.2.3. Work in groups.2.4. Compiling a table by students.3.Practicalwork: “Identification of features and problems of development of the Far East.4. Summing up the lesson.5. Homework.

Communicating the goals and objectives of the lesson. For a long time, the area remained sparsely populated. During the years of Soviet power, the population grew 8 times, but despite this, there is a constant need for labor resources. The intensity of migration is the highest in the country. Currently, there is an outflow of population from the north. The urban population predominates. Using the political-administrative and religious map of the population of Russia, name the peoples and language families living in the Far East. Using the map of population distribution and density, name and show the large and largest cities of the Far East. Give a description of the population density of the Far East. Specialization of the economy. The economic specialization of the region is mining production of non-ferrous metallurgy, forestry, and fish processing industries. According to natural and economic conditions, zones are distinguished: 1. In the south, the fertile plains of the Amur Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories are inhabited. The monsoon climate provides good conditions for agriculture and human life. Industry, population and main cities are concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway. South Yakutsk (coal, electric power, metallurgy) and Amur (Komsomolsk-on-Amur - mechanical engineering centers) are formed. In the Magadan region and the Sakha Republic, the harsh conditions of the north complicate the economic development of the territory. The main transport axes are the river. Lena, Northern Sea Route. On the Pacific coast, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, economic development is hampered by the weak development of the social sphere and transport. Development prospects: 1. Creation of technopolises; 2. In the south, develop the fuel industry, electric power, mechanical engineering, defense industry. Parts of the region (north, south, east). 2. Specialization (for each region). 3. Factors stimulating the development of this production (fertile lands, monsoon climate, unfavorable natural conditions, access to the ocean). 1. Features of EGP.2. Economic development of the region. 3. Problems of the Far East and ways to solve them. 4. Economic ties of the Far East, promoting its development.1. How does the EGP of the Far East influence the development of the region’s economy?2. Describe the structure of the economy of the Far East. What industries can be called industries of specialization?3. The Far East is a territory with a free economic zone in the Nakhodka region. What do you think caused the creation of a free economic zone here?4. Using Figure 88 (p. 327 of the textbook), analyze the process of interaction between the Far East and other economic regions of Russia. 5. Conduct an analysis of the main statistical indicators of the economy of the Far East.1. § 63.2. Complete the practical work: “Identifying the features and problems of the development of the Far East.”3. Learn geographical nomenclature on the topic “Far East”.

Topic: Economy of the Far East Tasks: 1. Repeat and test students’ knowledge of the nature and population of the Far East. 2.Give schoolchildren knowledge about the economy of the Far East. 3.Develop geographical thinking, memory, and attention of students. 4. Stimulate an emotional attitude and interest in solving social and environmental problems of the Far East, in the prospects for the development of this part of Russia. Lesson type: combined. Visibility: atlas of Russia, outline map, physical map of Russia, computer disk.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Greeting students. Teacher's communication of lesson objectives.

Repetition and testing of knowledge

Each student is given a strip of paper for testing. The student’s task is to number the questions on a piece of paper and put a “+” sign next to them if they agree with the statement and “-” if they disagree.

Almost the entire territory of the Far East belongs to the region of Cenozoic folding. The area experiences frequent earthquakes and seaquakes. The main precipitation in the south of the Far East falls in winter. Far Eastern rivers are predominantly flat. The Amur is the largest waterway in the Far East. The largest lake in the region is Khanka. The flora and fauna of the Far East are poorer. Than Siberia and the European part of Russia. The Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano is located on the island. Sakhalin. Primorye has a monsoon climate. The Ussuri tiger lives in the taiga of the Far East. The shores of the Far East are washed by 3 seas. Whales and seals are found in the Chukchi Sea.

Strips of paper with the students' answers are handed over to the teacher. There is an unfinished test on the board, add it (one by one I call the students to the board) 1. The population of the Far East is ……………. 2. Average population density ………….. 3. Indigenous people: Chukchi, …………. 4.The population predominates (urban, rural)………. 5. 500 thousand people each. only in two cities ………… 6. Problems of the area ………….. 3. Study of new material. The teacher asks questions: 1. What riches does the Far East have? 2.Why are these resources poorly used? 3. Having looked through the material on the topic on the disk, highlight the leading sectors of the economy of the Far East? Working with atlas and contour map. Assignment: label 5 large industrial centers of the Far East on the contour map. A student's report about the city of Vladivostok is heard. Working with the student and workbooks. From the text of paragraph 60 - write down the main problems of the Far East in your workbook. Checking independent work. A student's report on the prospects for the development of the Far East is heard. 4. The final part of the lesson. Teacher: What have you learned about the economy of the Far East? Giving grades for work in class. At home: on a landscape sheet, come up with and colorfully depict the coat of arms of the Far East, prepare a message about Khabarovsk, working with additional literature. Topic: Economy of the Far East (2nd version of the lesson)

The motto of the lesson: “Who, if not us?

When, if not now?

Educational goals: 1. Formation of independent activity of students in groups when assessing the natural resource potential and specialization of the economic region. 2. Be able to analyze cause-and-effect relationships. 3. Work on general educational skills: generalize and compare, listen, be able to answer questions to the point. 4. Build key competencies. Equipment: Physical and political-administrative map of the Far East, landscapes of the Far East. Methods and forms of educational activities: Using an interactive method. Collective work in groups to discuss questions posed by the teacher using Brainstorming. Work organization: 1. Creation of four groups and appointment of commanders. 2. Give an advanced task on the topic: Economy of the Far East (grade 9), The Far East is a land of contrasts (grade 8). 3. Development of working conditions in groups. 4. Organizing the design of the classroom and workplaces in groups. On the teaching tables there is all the necessary material prepared for the lesson (textbooks, atlas, messages, statistics). During the classes: The teacher names the topic of the lesson and its goals. Represents group commanders. Motivational-target block: "Guys! Today we are at the beginning of May, and we will pass through the last economic region of our country. Behind are ten studied economic regions. When studying them, we noted that Russia is a huge country with diverse natural conditions and resources, living conditions of people, and a history of development. Each territory specializes in the production of several types of products and services that it provides to other regions of the country. The Far East is no exception. This is a land of contrasts and natural uniqueness. During the lesson, we will once again be convinced that our Motherland is beautiful. And the people living on this land, through their labor, contribute to the prosperity of Russia.” The teacher comes to the board and reads the motto of the lesson: “Who, if not us? When, if not now? First question to commanders: How do you understand this motto in relation to the Far East? The commanders discuss the lesson motto and take turns expressing their opinions. At the end of the discussion, the teacher makes a conclusion. Conclusion : The Far East is Russian, although there is territorial claims. This is a huge territory, remote from the main economic regions of the West. Along with its problems, the Far East is of great importance in the country's economy. The countries of the Pacific region are rapidly developing and, in order to keep up, large financial, scientific, and labor “infusions” into this economic region are needed. Support from all economic regions of the country is needed. Already today, people living in this region should feel changes, which means it is necessary to develop promising directions for the development of the region. Second question: What is the uniqueness of natural conditions and resources and their impact on the economy of the Far East? Questions by group: First group. Climatic conditions and their impact on the economy of the region. Second group. Mineral resources and the possibility of their use on the farm. Third group. Water resources and their use on the farm. Fourth group. Biological resources and their influence on the farm. Groups discuss the issue (5-7 minutes) using the necessary literature and maps. The teacher guides and supports the students. First group: The coastal location of the Far East determined the climate. In the north the climate is harsh. The coldest temperatures in the northern hemisphere are recorded here. In the south there is a monsoon climate with moderate temperatures, which determines the development of agriculture (soybeans, rice, corn, vegetables). The abundance of moisture in the summer contributes to the development of a thick vegetation cover (Ussuri taiga). In terms of its climatic conditions, the south of Primorye is not inferior to the resorts of the Caucasus and Crimea and is used for tourism and the organization of resort facilities (Russian Artek). Second group: In a specialization economy, an important place is occupied by rich and varied mineral resources. There are rich deposits of non-ferrous ores (tin, lead, zinc, mercury) and rare metals (diamonds, gold), polymetals, which determine the specialization of this region. Gas, oil, and coal are produced on Sakhalin Island. They are already working for the Russian economy, but most of the deposits are poorly explored and are located in difficult natural conditions, and lack of transport. (The student works with a map, shows deposits of mineral resources). Third group: The Far East has a fairly dense river system and has great potential for hydroelectric power stations (the Zeya, Bureya, Amur rivers) and river transport. (Students analyze Figure 43 §23 and Table 3 in the appendix of V.P. Dronov’s textbook. Students make reports about the Belibino nuclear power plant, about hydrothermal sources, and summarize what is in the specialization Electric power industry stands out in the Far East.) Fourth group: Marine fishing for valuable species of fish and marine animals is important in the specialization of the Far East. The fish catch here is 70% of the national total. 31% of Russia's timber is concentrated here. The Ussuri taiga is rich in medicinal plants (schisandra, ginseng) and animals (more than 30 species of fur-bearing animals). The teacher sums up the results of the second round. Opens the second half of the board and, together with the groups, writes down the specialization of the Far East: 1. Fish (food)2. Lesnaya3. Non-ferrous metallurgy4. Electrical power industry5. Maritime transport Students write down the Far East specialization in their notebooks. Third question. What are the main problems of the Far East? What are the ways to solve them? (Groups discuss the question for 3-4 minutes and take turns answering.)1. Distance of the Far East from the Center.2. Undeveloped, unpopulated North.3. Natural hazards.4. Poaching and theft of national wealth.5. Outflow of population from the region. Solutions.1. Integrated development of the economy.2. Creation of socio-economic conditions.3. Cooperation with countries of the Asia-Pacific region.4. More efficient use of SEZ.5. Development of transport networks and reduction in the cost of travel from Moscow to Vladivostok. Fourth question. "Brainstorm"1. Why does the Far East have a more powerful navy than the Black Sea and Northern Fleet.2. What is pantocrine?3. What new administrative-territorial formations have occurred in the Far East?4. What are kimberlite pipes?5. Which sea has the highest ebbs and flows in Russia? The teacher sums up the results and announces grades to the groups. Thanks the guys for their cooperation. Homework : §63 repeat. Assignment: draw an “image of the area.” Using conventional icons, depict the main differences of the Far East in the form of a coat of arms, diagram, drawing. Be able to verbally analyze your drawing. Russia in modern world 4 hours 66 Russia and CIS countries (study of one or a group of states) 67 Relations between Russia and other countries.

Problems of including Russia in world processes. The place and role of Russia in the world economy

After the collapse of the USSR, Russia found itself far removed inland - to the northeast. As a result, most of the railways and highways, pipelines, and air routes pass through the territory of foreign countries, which significantly worsens the economic situation for Russia. Considering the fact that 70% of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in areas with severe climatic conditions and only 35% of Russian agricultural land receives enough solar heat for the ripening of grain crops, the country's food supply has been revealed to be rather weak due to a sharp decrease in yields and gross grain harvest. Russia inherited 60% of the economic potential of the USSR. However, as a result of subsequent long-term underfunding, its most important part: fixed production assets (especially their active part - machinery and equipment) wore out. As a result, by the second half of the 90s, about 70% of fixed assets had a service life of 20 years or more, i.e. need immediate replacement. Russian Federation inherited approximately 70% of the USSR's foreign economic relations. However, it should be noted that their further development did not follow. A way out of this situation in new conditions for Russia may be the development of world economic relations and integration into the world economy. The place and role of any country in the world economy, the international division of labor and the internationalization of economic life depend on many factors. However, the main ones are: the level and dynamics of development of the national economy, the degree of its openness and involvement in MRT, the progressiveness and development of foreign economic relations (FER), the ability of the national economy to adapt to the conditions of international economic life and at the same time influence them in the direction desired ( interaction with international financial, credit and economic organizations), the presence of transnational corporations. The experience of Western European integration and some other successfully developing economic groups suggests that the basis of this process is taking shape at the micro level, in the form of mutually beneficial cooperation between specific companies, banks, financial and industrial groups, their joint investment projects, the creation of mixed enterprises, etc. With many points of view regarding ways to include Russia in world integration processes, it is certain that a successful solution to this problem will ultimately depend, firstly, on the improvement of the country’s economy along the path of its structural restructuring and transition to market economic conditions, and secondly , from creating effective legislative, organizational, material and technical prerequisites for this. When it comes to economic recovery and structural adjustment, this requires effort, time and resources. Creating the necessary legislative framework and favorable conditions for Russia’s direct involvement in international integration processes requires much less effort. As an analysis of the problems of integration into the world economy of other countries shows, the main condition for creating a viable economy in the transition period is its openness. In an open economy, world market prices directly or indirectly determine prices for domestic products and do this much more effectively than any government agency. This condition is necessary for the Russian economy, since in this case Russian producers will have one legal path to prosperity - increasing the quality and competitiveness of products, expanding their production while reducing costs. Naturally, the transition to an open economy is a purposeful process, carried out step by step in such a way that external competition does not turn from a factor of creation into a factor of destruction of the Russian economy. An important advantage of an open economy is its importance in the fight against monopolism. Noting the role of the world market as a powerful means of combating monopolism and solving the problem of the effective functioning of the national economy in the transition period, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that the country’s economy should be made open only under the condition of an economic assessment and economic protection of its resources. Only in this case can one avoid the risks of negative manifestations in the economy under the influence of its openness and obtain positive results from the impact of the world economy and the world market on the Russian economy in these conditions. Practice shows that at present, due primarily to geographical reasons, the need for Russia’s larger-scale participation in solving global problems of mankind (development of the World Ocean, environmental problems, regulation of the world economy, etc.) becomes urgent. In this case, Russia's global approach to participation in world affairs should become a core part of the national interest. However, the active participation of Russia, like any other country, in solving global problems through national interest requires full participation in the work of international multilateral structures, which include financial, credit, economic, specialized and regional UN organizations, for example the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations industrial development(UNIDO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), regional economic commissions.

 

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