Is the coastline of the Black Sea indented? Coastline of the Black Sea. Black Sea coastline

What is the difference Sea of Azov from the Black Sea? The differences between them are cardinal. It’s easier to say what the similarities between these bodies of water are. Perhaps only in one: Azov and Black Sea, connected by the Kerch Strait form a single Black Sea-Azov basin, which in turn is an internal basin Atlantic Ocean.

Geographical position

The Sea of Azov had quite a few names, the most famous are Blue ocean And Russian Sea. The current name - Azovskoe comes from the city of Azov, located on east coast. The reservoir is located in the northeastern part of the Black Sea region.

Due to the fact that only the small Kerch Peninsula separates it from the Black Sea, some scientists are inclined to consider the Sea of Azov as a kind of Black Sea gulf, its area is 37600 km2. The largest dimensions in length and width are 343x231 km, respectively.

This sea is the shallowest in the world. On average, the depth fluctuates at the level 5-7 meters, maximum depths do not exceed 15 meters. This is due to the extremely small volume of water - about 256 km3. The sea has 16 bays and estuaries, among them the largest are Taganrog- in the eastern part and Sivash Bay - in the western part. A characteristic feature of the Sea of Azov is a fairly large number of coastal spits. There are no islands, only shallows. Only two countries are washed by the waters of the Sea of Azov - Russia and Ukraine.

The maritime boundaries have not yet been determined. The sea is entirely located in the steppe zone, on flat terrain. Volcanic rocks on the shores of the Sea of Azov do not reach the surface, which is why the coast along almost its entire length is muddy or sandy. There are small outcrops of limestone on the coast of the Taman and Kerch Peninsulas. River flow is formed by two large rivers– Don and Kuban, as well as many small rivers.

The Black Sea is approximately larger than the Sea of Azov 11 times, it is called Black because of the high content of hydrogen sulfide at a depth of more than 120 meters. Metal objects falling to this depth become black. In the northern part of the sea is the Crimean Peninsula, and, being part of the Crimean Peninsula, the Kerch Peninsula. The water surface area is 422000 km2.

Length from west to east – 1130 km, from North to South - 600 km. This body of water is one of the deepest in the world's oceans. The average depth is 1270 m, the maximum reaches 2245 m, volume - 547000 km3. There are more than 40 bays in the sea. The largest bays are Tamansky, Sinopsky, Odessky, Karkinitsky and Kalanitsky. There is only one comparatively big Island- Snake. The Black Sea washes the coasts of 6 states.

In the northwestern part - this is mainly the coast of Ukraine and Romania - the sea has gentle banks and sandy beaches . The shores are composed of sedimentary rocks. The western coast, which borders Bulgaria, along with gently sloping shores, also has rocky areas, due to the Balkan Mountains. The Turkish coast in the south is almost entirely rocky, as it is backed by the Pontic Mountains. The Caucasus Range is located on the southeastern and eastern coasts, which is why the shores here are also rocky. The river flow is formed by the Danube, Southern Bug and Dnieper. In addition, there are a large number of small rivers.

In the southwestern part, the sea is connected through the Bosphorus Strait to the Sea of Marmara. This strait passes through Turkish territory.

Salinity

Due to the small volume of the Sea of Azov, the composition of its water largely depends on river flow. In essence, the water of the Azov Sea is Black Sea water mixed with the water of the flowing rivers. On average, salinity is low - in the central part it is about 13 ppm. In the Taganrog Bay, the water is absolutely fresh, since it is into this bay that the Don flows, in addition, the Taganrog Bay is located at a considerable distance from the Black Sea. As you approach the Kerch Strait, salinity increases, reaching 17 ppm.

The Black Sea is characterized by more high level salt content is 18 ppm on the surface and 22 ppm at a depth of more than 500 meters, but still, in comparison with other bodies of water in the world's oceans, the level of salt content in the Black Sea is low. The composition of the water is influenced by the Sea of Marmara, but since the salinity of the Sea of Marmara is higher, its waters are heavier and go deeper.

Fish stocks

The fishing value of the Azov Sea is incredibly high. Until the 50s of the 20th century, in terms of fish stocks it was the most productive body of water in the world. Azov sturgeon and sterlet were unique in taste, but the hydraulic construction that began in the 50s on the Don and Kuban had a detrimental effect on the reproduction of fish. The presence of dams has blocked access to spawning grounds, and poaching causes terrible damage to fish stocks.

Nevertheless, water world The Sea of Azov contains about 80 species of fish- These are both marine and freshwater fish. Today, annual production is about 30,000 tons.

The Black Sea is characterized by rather small fish stocks. Salt water is unsuitable for freshwater fish. As for marine fish, the situation is the opposite - sea fish They do not tolerate the fairly low salt content in Black Sea water. In addition, due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide, at a depth of more than 100 meters there is no fauna at all. More than 180 species of fish have been recorded in the Black Sea, but no more than 30 of them are commercially available. Unlike the Azov Sea, mammals live in the Black Sea - 3 species of dolphins. In addition to fish, mussels and algae are also of commercial importance.

Ports and resort areas

The Sea of Azov does not have convenient bays necessary for navigation, but its main disadvantage is shallow water. Azov ports are located in the cities of Berdyansk, Mariupol, Taganrog, Rostov-on-Don, Yeysk, Temryuk. For the above reasons, large ocean-going ships cannot enter the ports of the Azov Sea - this determines the small cargo turnover of the ports and their poor development.

The popularity of the Azov Sea resorts is also low. The reasons are the opacity of the water and the monotony of the coastal landscape. Hence the poor development of resort infrastructure.

Due to the deep water, the ports of the Black Sea are characterized by large cargo turnover. Black Sea coast of all countries there are 43 ports. Most major ports– Novorossiysk, Odessa, Constanta, Varna, Trabzon, Batumi.

The mild climate, natural beauty and clear sea water make the Black Sea resorts very popular. The infrastructure of the resorts is relatively developed - this attracts a significant number of vacationers.

Sometimes you just wonder how nature was able to create on its own, without the help of humans and modern machines, unique natural objects. Some will think that there is nothing supernatural in natural monuments, zones and attractions do not exist; they should be taken for granted. Oceans, seas, bays, mountains, waterfalls, deserts - all this, in their subjective opinion, is ordinary.

However, it is worth noting that for most people on the planet, everything that surrounds us and is created by nature is seen as unique, divine, beautiful and delightful. Today we will talk about the Taman Bay - a place where two seas miraculously united together. Let's reveal the secret concerning water in this unique place, let's talk about a day that is completely covered with grass, and talk about how tourists and residents Taman Peninsula speak about the bay.

A little geographical information

Taman Bay is located very close to the Krasnodar Territory on the peninsula of the same name. The Taman Peninsula lies between two seas loved by many Russian tourists and not only, the Azov and Black Sea, in the water area By the way, the Azov Sea has recently turned into resort area, because many tourists were able to consider the salty oasis as a wonderful place for a summer vacation. The center of the peninsula is considered to be the city of Temryuk, an administrative unit of the Krasnodar Territory. Speaking of main city Taman Peninsula, I would like to note that it is quite ancient. The date of its foundation is 1556, but many cities in Russia begin the countdown of their formation from the 17th, or even from the 18th centuries.

Dimensions

The Taman Bay itself is small: its length is about 16 km, and the entrance point stretches for 8 km. It is worth saying that the depth here reaches 5 meters. The Taman Peninsula is dominated by lowlands. In some places, huge estuaries (natural oases where the soil subsides below sea level) have formed. However, these reservoirs, despite their size (length of 7 km or more), are very shallow.

Settlements scattered around the bay

The Taman Bay accommodates several significant settlements on its shores: Taman itself, the village of Volna Revolyutsii, Sennaya, Yubileiny, Primorsky and Garkusha. This place has never been and is not now a favorite area for tourists. According to some unofficial data, in every village of the peninsula for the entire summer period About 50-100 thousand people come. This figure seems ridiculous considering the number of visits Black Sea resorts our country.

IN Soviet time such an influx of tourists into the Taman Bay deprived many local residents of food, because food was brought to the settlements based on the number of local residents. However, no one suffered from hunger, because each house had subsidiary plots. Now many local residents They will be happy to provide accommodation for visitors for a minimal fee.

Saltwater or freshwater?

Many people are interested in the question of what kind of water is in the Taman Bay. The unequivocal answer is salty, although quite recently one could argue with this, and for this reason. Since two seas meet in the bay: the Azov and the Black, and the bay’s water area is predominantly located in the Azov half, the conclusion suggests itself. The Sea of Azov is considered fresher, although it cannot be called completely devoid of salt, and the Black Sea, as is known, is salty.

The Sea of Azov is home to freshwater fish, and it is rightfully considered one of the richest places in the country for catches. This is due to the fact that the sea has great amount river tributaries. Once upon a time, the Taman Bay, a photo of which can be seen in the article, had fresher water and was famous among fishermen. Over time, water from the Black Sea increasingly entered the bay, mixing there and displacing freshwater fish. Now there is practically no one left there, but there are more tourists. Perhaps they now consider the bay to be entirely Black Sea due to its salinity.

Unique bottom

The bottom of the Taman Bay is completely covered with grass. This may seem surprising, but she has somehow miraculously adapted to the water and feels great there. Many tourists are initially frightened by this tickling feeling that accompanies them when entering the water. The place where there is no grass growing at the bottom is a trampled wide spit. Such smooth bottom surfaces form in places where there are large concentrations of swimmers.

Another unique feature of the bottom of the Taman Bay is the presence of fragments of ancient clay jugs and amphorae among the grass, coarse sand and pebbles. For archaeologists, such small pieces of lost relics are of no value. However, the very fact that brown remains of antiquity lie underfoot makes the place truly unique. By the way, many people want to know which sea is Taman Bay. More precisely, can it be considered part of some kind of sea? So, despite the fact that the bay mostly lies in the Sea of Azov, many consider it the confluence of two seas: the aforementioned and the Black.

Why do many people now vacation in the waters of the Kerch Strait?

Due to the fact that nowadays many people prefer to take a break from the bustle of cities and major cities It was by the sea, but at the same time spending each vacation in a new place, enjoying unknown experiences, a huge number of tourists discovered the Taman Bay. Reviews found on the Internet are full of positive statements and assurances to go there next year. Tourists are attracted by the sparseness of the bay and amazing beauty steep coastline.

In the north it is connected to the Sea of Azov through the Kerch Strait. A large piece of land, the Crimean Peninsula, cuts deep into the sea surface. Along the shores of the reservoir there are countries such as Russia, Georgia, Abkhazia (a partially recognized state), Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine.

Geographical data

According to the US geographic directory, the area of the Black Sea is 436.4 thousand square meters. km (168.5 thousand sq. miles). The maximum depth is 2,212 meters (7,257 ft). The average depth corresponds to 1240 meters (4067 feet). The total volume of salt water is 547 thousand cubic meters. km. The greatest length from west to east is 1175 km. The maximum length from north to south is 580 km. The reservoir is notable for the fact that at a depth of more than 150 meters there is no life due to the saturation of deep waters with hydrogen sulfide.

Coastline slightly rugged. Its total length is 3.4 thousand km. There are large bays, such as Sinopsky, Samsunsky, Feodosia, Varna, Tendrovsky, Burgassky, Kalamitsky, Yagorlytsky. In the northern and northwestern regions, estuaries flood at the confluence of rivers. There are many marshy and brackish areas. The western and northwestern coasts are low, with cliffs in places.

In the south and east, spurs of the Pontic and Caucasus Mountains. In Crimea, the coast is low, only the southern part of the peninsula is notable for its mountainous shores. A similar relief is observed on the Tarkhankut Peninsula in the western part of Crimea.

Islands

There are few islands. The largest island is Dzharylgach with an area of 62 square meters. km. It is part of the Skadovsky district of the Kherson region. It is washed by two bays - Dzharylgachsky and Karkinitsky. Since 2009, the island has been home to a national natural park.

Of the other islands, one can name Snake Island. It is part of the Odessa region, has a cruciform shape, and its area is 20.5 hectares. On this piece of land is the village of Beloye.

Another large island is called Berezan. It is located in the sea at a distance of 8 km from the city of Ochakov. Belongs to the Nikolaev region. It stretches 1 km in length and 500 meters in width. The island is uninhabited and has the status of a historical and archaeological reserve under the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Black Sea on the map

Rivers

In a huge salty pond such large European rivers as the Danube, Dnieper and Dniester flow into it. In addition to them, the Inguri, Mzymta, Rioni, and Kodor flow into the sea from the east. They originate on the Bolshoi Caucasus ridge. IN southern part The reservoirs flow into Sakarya, Choroh, Yeshilirmak. The Chorokh River flows into Georgia, and the other two flow into Turkey.

The Southern Bug carries its waters to northern part reservoir This river flows entirely through the territory of Ukraine. It has a length of 806 km. In the west, the sea is fed by the Bulgarian rivers Veleka and Kamchia.

The annual flow is approximately 310 cubic meters. km. Moreover, 80% of all water comes from the Dnieper and Danube. It should be noted that the reservoir has a positive water balance. The net outflow of water is 300 cubic meters. km per year. The water flows through the Bosphorus into the Sea of Marmara and further into the Aegean and Mediterranean. At the same time, there is a two-way hydrological exchange. Saltier and warmer water flows from the Mediterranean into the Black Sea.

Cities

There are many large cities located on the sea coast. The largest of them is Istanbul (Türkiye) with a population of 13.6 million people. In second place is Odessa (Ukraine) with a population of 1 million people. Third place is occupied by the Turkish city of Samsun with a population of 535.4 thousand people.

Next comes Bulgarian Varna. It is home to 474 thousand inhabitants. Fifth place belongs to the hero city of Sevastopol with a population of 379 thousand people. Then come Sochi (Russia) - 343.3 thousand people, Trabzon (Turkey) - 305 thousand people, Constanta (Romania) - 284 thousand people, Novorossiysk (Russia) - 242 thousand people, Burgas (Bulgaria) - 224 thousand inhabitants.

On the Black Sea beach

Climate

The climate prevailing over the reservoir largely depends on the Atlantic Ocean. It is above it that those cyclones originate, which then bring rain and storms to the sea. Cold air masses are coming from the north. Warm winds blow from the southwest. All this diversity creates hot and dry summer weather. As for winter, it is warm and humid.

Winter temperatures range from minus 1 to plus 5 degrees Celsius. Very rarely it drops to minus 10 degrees Celsius. Snow falls only in northern regions. The average summer temperature is 24-25 degrees Celsius. At maximum it rises to 37 degrees Celsius. The warmest part of the coast is the Caucasus, where the average annual temperature is 17 degrees Celsius.

In the southern part of the Black Sea the climate is milder than in the northern part. It is also less humid. Precipitation falls more evenly. They are possible not only in winter period, but also in the summer. Black Sea water does not freeze in winter. Only once every few decades in the northern regions can the water become covered with ice during a too cold winter. average temperature water is 7-8 degrees Celsius.

Ecology

In general, the ecological situation in the reservoir is unfavorable. Many polluted rivers flow into the sea, and runoff from fields, saturated with nitrates and phosphates, also flows. This provokes the growth of phytoplankton. Water transparency decreases, multicellular algae die. The waters are polluted by oil products, wastewater, and construction waste. Recently, the number of dolphins, tunas, and mackerels has noticeably decreased. But a lot of jellyfish appeared. Currently, they are the main living organisms of the Black Sea waters.

Some experts believe that over the past 10 years the ecological situation of the reservoir has worsened. There is even an opinion that the Black Sea waters are among the dirtiest in the world.

In accordance with this, an international convention on the environmental protection of the Black Sea was adopted. It was signed by six countries whose territories are in contact with the reservoir. An environmental program has been developed that should yield positive results in the near future.

The quaint, rugged coast of Crimea is precisely this feature that attracts sailors and beachgoers. Numerous bays allow you to find both a convenient anchorage and a coastal edge that is not subject to the rage of waves. The Kalamitsky Bay of the Black Sea is not large in size, but its coasts are unique natural areas.

Where is Kalamitsky Bay located on the map?

It is located in Western Crimea. On its banks stand Zaozernoye, and Saki, Novofedorovka, Nikolaevka and Beregovoe, Peschanoye and.

Geographical details and features

This is where disagreements immediately begin. Classical - old - sources have always indicated that the bay is limited by Capes Evpatoriya and. Thus, it takes up a significant part west coast Crimean peninsula. However, modern data “cut down” these indicators. In their opinion, the bay “does not reach Chersonesus”, and its border is.

Give short description Bay is easy. It protrudes into the land slightly less than , by 13 km, but has a wide entrance - according to modern data, 41 km. The depths vary, maximum 30 m, so even heavy vessels are not in danger of running aground. The height of the coast increases from north to south. In the area of Cape Evpatoria it is sloping, sandy, with extensive beaches. Towards the southern tip the coast rises, near the Lucullus ledge it is 15 m.

There are several salt lakes near the Kalamitsky Bay:

Yaly-Moinak (Big and Small),
Saki,
Bagails.

A hydrographic study proves that they must once have formed part of the harbor, but were separated from it by embankments literally several meters wide. As a result, the properties of their filling and bottom silt changed. These are often called estuary.

Kalamitsky Bay in Crimea is considered a very clean water area of the Black Sea.
This is largely due to the fact that it is located far from the confluence. Directly into him, into him modern borders, the rivers and Western Bulganak flow into it, but they cannot create a strong suspension of brought soil in it. The purity of the water explains not only the tourist attractiveness of the region, but also its natural wealth.

Mutually exclusive translations

The Kalamita Bay region has long given philologists a lot of work to do. They cannot in any way establish the origin and meaning of its name. Yes, everyone knows about the existence of the medieval one, but for some reason fortification was also called that way! There are a lot of mutually exclusive versions, borrowed from different languages: “beautiful”, “good, comfortable cape” and even “misfortune, disaster”. The riddle, like so many different definitions, can be attributed to the same place.

The name “Lucullus” also raises questions. Many have heard about the existence of the Roman commander Lucullus, who loved to eat delicious food. He's probably been to these parts, but the outcropping of land still doesn't look like him. In fact, on the first known maps it was called in Tatar - Uluk-Kol. There really is a beam with that name (“long sleeve”) nearby. Probably, later the name, indigestible for the first Russian settlers, was changed into a more musical surname of a Roman military man.

Protection of life and health

Since the Kalamita Bay is famous for its cleanliness, holidays in this area are especially beneficial for health. Estuary lakes (the best known, but silt from others is used in a similar way) are a source of healing mud used in the treatment of many diseases of the nervous system, skin, musculoskeletal system, and respiratory organs.
Clean air and water complement the healing effect.

It warms up relatively quickly: swimming season in favorable years it lasts from May to September. The beaches of Evpatoria enjoy a good reputation - sand is much more convenient for vacationers than pebbles. Many of them have a gentle entrance to the sea - this is one of the reasons that the city is especially recommended as a children's resort. The surrounding area is famous for its beautiful spacious beaches (the name speaks for itself). The small village is not as famous as Evpatoria, but it’s for the better - prices are lower and there is more space.

In addition to holidaymakers, marine life also liked the clean water. In order to protect the system in which the sea interacts with land, a reserve was created at Cape Lucullus. Its coastal complex is recognized as a natural monument. Vegetable and animal world It is very rich here, including rare species. Adonis vernacular (Adonis) grows here, and the steppe rack, little bustard, steppe eagle, four-striped snake, and steppe viper are found.

Near Lucullus, archaeologists discovered the remains of a large settlement from Scythian times. Conventionally, it is called Ust-Alminsky. So far the archaeological site has not been identified based on written information, but it is clear that it was a fairly large policy. This object requires urgent research - a significant part of it has already been lost as a result of erosion by the sea.

How to get there (get there)?

You can get to Kalamitsky Bay from any corner of Crimea; buses in this direction are not uncommon from Simferopol, Yalta, Sevastopol, Feodosia and even Kerch.

We will show you on the map how to get there by car yourself, one of the very attractive ones here, from Simferopol:

Note to tourists

Address: Western Crimea, Russian Federation.
GPS coordinates: 45.002367, 33.566267.

Visitors should behave culturally so that the Kalamitsky Gulf of Crimea and its Black Sea environs can help improve the health of guests and preserve the biological diversity of the region for a long time to come.

Compiled by

P. A. Tilba, R. A. Mnatsekanov, V. A. Krutolapov.

Geographical coordinates

45°17’34’’ N, 36°45’46’’ E

Height

0-5 m above sea level.

Square

38,400 hectares, including water surface: 38,400 hectares.

a brief description of

Shallow water sea bays, the banks of which are covered with steppe or wetland vegetation.

Wetland type

A, E, G, J; predominate: J, A.

Ramsar Criteria

4, 5.

Criterion 4: The site is one of the wintering centers for waterfowl, the importance of which increases in cold winters when the water area of the estuaries of the Eastern Azov region freezes.

Criterion 5: Up to 1 million birds stop here during migration (Wetlands of Russia, 2000). During mid-winter surveys carried out from the shore using spotting scopes, within the boundaries of the land we counted about 20,000 in 2003, in 2004 - about 10,000, in 2005 - up to 8,000, in 2006 - about 49 500 os. waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds.

Location

Taman Peninsula, southwestern part of the Krasnodar Territory, 30 km from the city of Temryuk.

Physiographic characteristics

The site is a low-lying relief that was formed as a result of slow tectonic subsidence of the land, occurring at a rate of 2-5 mm per year (Kanonnikov, 1984). The surface of the coastal land is composed of deltaic and alluvial deposits, under which lie Neogene and Paleogene marine deposits. Bays are permanent bodies of natural origin. The salinity of the water in them reaches 11.3‰, decreasing near the coast to 2-3‰. The depth of the bays ranges from 0.5-2.5 m. The characteristic formations of the Taman and Dinsk bays are lagoons - salt lakes Markitanskoe, Tuzla, etc. In the water area of the bays there are shell-sand islands and spits of various configurations. The Blevako mud volcano is located off the coast of the Chushka Spit in the waters of the Taman Bay.

The banks of reservoirs are unstable rocks and are subject to severe destructive sea activity. The soil cover is predominantly southern chernozems with a low humus content. The climate type of the site area is coastal-steppe, moderate continental. The average January temperature is −0.8°; July 23.6°C, precipitation during the year is 330-340 mm.

The importance of the land in the natural water cycle

The drainage basin of the site is a hilly plain formed by marine sediments. The hills (reaching a maximum height of 164 m above sea level) are active or extinct mud volcanoes. The soil cover is represented mainly by chernozems, including their solonetzic and saline varieties; thick chestnut soils are also found. Main types of land use: field farming, vegetable growing, viticulture, livestock farming. The climate is moderate continental.

Environmental parameters

Along the shores of the bays there are communities of psammophilic and hydrophilic vegetation. Coastal shallow waters, shell spits, and islands are extremely important for the existence of waterfowl.

Valuable flora

One of the most widespread plant communities on the site is psammophilous vegetation. In floristic terms, this is the best preserved natural ecosystem, both in the coastal part of the Taman and Dinsky bays, and in Taman as a whole. Typical species on the coastal sands are sandy grate, common sea mustard, hogweed, Pontic katran, naked licorice, gorse-leaved toadflax and others. Of the halophytes on the coastal sand-shell dunes, white sweet clover, entangled and creeping sweda, solifa and tragus, Meyer's kermek, etc. are widespread.

And on wet salt marshes there are bluegrass-wheatgrass, rush-sedge and saltwort associations. The vegetation of reservoirs is formed from plant species immersed in water: hygrophytes, hydrophytes and hydatophytes. Phytocenoses of eelgrass and eelgrass are widespread, often forming pure groups over large areas. An equally common species is the holly pondweed. Two types of uruti grow in the reservoirs of the area: spiked urut and whorled urut. In some coastal areas there is typical floodplain vegetation with the presence of common reed, cattails, and sedges (Tilba, Nagalevsky, 1996).

Valuable fauna

The role of the area as a nesting site for birds. The site has a certain significance as a place of reproduction of semi-aquatic bird species listed in the Red Books Russian Federation and Krasnodar Territory: shelduck, oystercatcher (subspecies Haematopus ostralegus longipes), sea plover, little tern. On the territory of the islands there are colonies of great cormorant with a total number of 750 pairs, common tern - 300 pairs, and spotted tern - 300 pairs.

The role of the area as a place of bird migration. The site is located on an intensive bird migration route running along the coasts of the Azov and Black Seas. Within the Temryuk and Dinsky bays, autumn concentrations of laughing herons, black-headed gulls, and red herons were noted (Vinokurov, 1965). In the fall of 1995, 200 thousand wasps were counted here. coots, 54 thousand - mallards, 200 thousand - red-headed ducks, 1.5 thousand - mute swan (Vinogradov, 2000). The site is a stopover site and large concentrations of migratory waders: Turukhtan, turnstone, grasshopper, etc.

The role of the area as a wintering site for birds. The site is a traditional wintering site, primarily for waterfowl. Between 1967 and 1972. there were from 6 thousand to 250 thousand wasps here. Recently, there have been up to 48.5 thousand waterfowl within the area
(2006 data).

Swans. Mute swan and whooper swan are found in the wintering grounds. Last view predominates in numbers in colder winters (1,500 were counted in 2003).

Ducks. The most numerous wintering species is the tufted duck (according to 2003 data - 11,500 individuals). In more warm winters the number of tufted ducks is significantly lower. Of the other duck species, the most common are mallard and red-headed duck.

Other species of waterfowl. The most characteristic species include the great grebe, great cormorant, coot, and laughing gull.

Waders. On the territory of the site in winter the following are noted: herbal, great snail, middle curlew, great curlew, snipe, dunlin, on the adjacent territory of the coast Kerch Strait spits Chushka was recorded at the wintering grounds of the oystercatcher (Mnatsekanov et al., 2004b; Dinkevich et al., 2005).

The role of the area as a habitat for rare and vulnerable bird species.

Black-throated loon. A common species during the migration period, found in small numbers during the winter.

White-tailed eagle. Regularly wintering species.

Demoiselle crane. Breeding species of adjacent territories.

Bustard. Breeding species of adjacent territories.

Little Bustard. Checked in winter time in the coastal part of the site.

Oystercatcher. Common breeding species; rare, irregularly wintering species.

Great curlew. Not numerous, regularly found in winter.

Black-headed gull. Occasionally observed in winter.

The role of the area as a habitat for marine mammals. The Taman and partly Dinskaya bays are the habitat of the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin, a subspecies listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the Krasnodar Territory.

Social and cultural significance of the site

Within the boundaries of the site there are the most valuable historical and archaeological monuments associated with the Tmutarakan principality of the 11th-12th centuries.

In addition, on the site there is a house-museum of M. Yu. Lermontov.

Forms of land ownership

State.

Land use

The main activity on the site is fishing; In the surrounding area there is winemaking.

Factors negatively affecting the condition of the land

Expansion of the area for the construction of the Port Kavkaz port.

Environmental measures taken

Part of the site is part of the Zaporozhye-Taman Zoological Reserve. By order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 1996 No. 591-r, the reserve (the name “Tamano-Zaporozhye Reserve” is given in the order) is classified as a specially protected natural area of federal subordination. According to the Regulations of the reserve, its area is 30,000 hectares.

Proposed environmental measures

Resolving the issue of the status of the reserve. Adjustment of the Regulations on the reserve taking into account the significance of the territory as a mass wintering site for shorebirds, including rare species, as well as a nesting site for rare bird species. Giving the status of a Ramsar site to the entire water area of the Taman and Dinsk bays.

Scientific research Scientific research within the site has been and is being carried out in the course of studying the biota of the Taman Peninsula as a whole. Besides, in last years special mid-winter counts of waterfowl are conducted here as part of the Wetlands International project on the Central Asian Flyway, funded by the Ministry Agriculture

, nature and food of the Netherlands.

Environmental education

Not currently available. There are good opportunities for organizing observations of migrating and wintering birds.

Recreation and tourism

The site is intensively used for tourism purposes, mainly for historical and cultural reasons. Recreational pressures on plant and animal habitats are low.

Jurisdiction

Administration of the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar region.

Site management body The Tamano-Zaporozhye reserve is under the departmental subordination of the Department Federal service on veterinary and phytosanitary supervision for Krasnodar region

and the Republic of Adygea.