European countries and their capitals. Complete list of European countries

Europe - region with unique history. Geographical position European countries more than successful. Before listing the list of European countries and their capitals, we will describe the European territory as a whole. Most states are located in a favorable climatic zone and have a favorable geopolitical position. Almost all European powers have access to the sea.

Here is a list of European countries and their capitals. And let's add brief descriptions. What makes these powers unique and interesting?

Western Europe

  1. Austria - Vienna: Sigmund Freud lived and worked in this city throughout his career.
  2. Belgium - Brussels: The airport of the capital of Belgium is the largest chocolate selling point in the world.
  3. Great Britain - London: This is the only city in the world where the Olympic Games have been held three times.
  4. Germany - Berlin: only in this city in the world there are three opera houses.
  5. Ireland - Dublin: Dublin is home to the world's oldest maternity hospital.
  6. Liechtenstein - Vaduz: despite its status as the capital, less than 6,000 people live there.
  7. Luxembourg - Luxembourg: this is the second most rich country in a post-Qatar world.
  8. Monaco - Monaco: Monaco borders France on all sides and is actually a city-state.
  9. Netherlands - Amsterdam: in all of Amsterdam there is not one free parking.
  10. France - Paris: there is only one stop sign in the French capital.
  11. Switzerland - Bern: the main language of the capital is not Swedish at all, but German.

Eastern Europe

  1. Belarus - Minsk: the capital of Belarus is older than Moscow and has burned to the ground 18 times in its history.
  2. Bulgaria - Sofia: an almost single-ethnic city, 95% of ethnic Bulgarians live there.
  3. Hungary - Budapest: in the center is the largest synagogue in Europe, it can accommodate 3,000 visitors.
  4. Moldova - Chisinau: there was a time when the country did not have a president for 3 years.
  5. Poland - Warsaw: there is not a single circus in the capital of Poland, and the number of theaters exceeds the number of cinemas.
  6. Romania - Bucharest: Unofficially proclaimed the capital of stray dogs, there are more of them here than in all of Europe.
  7. Slovakia - Bratislava: the city is famous for its most expensive hotel, which was designed by the same person who was involved in the Titanic project - Thomas Andrews.
  8. Ukraine - Kyiv: here is the widest and shortest central street in Europe - Khreshchatyk.
  9. Czech Republic - Prague: Faust's House is located on one of the streets of the city.

Northern Europe

Consider a list of European countries with capitals.

  1. Denmark - Copenhagen: there is still a profession of chimney sweep here.
  2. Iceland - Reykjavik: there are no ants or mosquitoes in this country.
  3. Norway - Oslo: the most expensive city to live in the world.
  4. Latvia - Riga: Riga airport is the largest in the Baltics.
  5. Lithuania - Vilnius: 93% of Lithuanians own real estate.
  6. Finland - Helsinki: tap water in Helsinki comes directly from mountain springs.
  7. Sweden - Stockholm: 95% of Swedes own English language.
  8. Estonia - Tallinn: Estonians themselves write the name of their capital with two "l" and two "n".

It remains to consider the countries southern Europe and their capitals, the list is also presented in alphabetical order.

  1. Albania - Tirana: a country that declared itself the first atheist state.
  2. Andorra - Andorra la Vella: there is no army here, the population is protected by the troops of Spain and France.
  3. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo: first the country gained independence and only then, three years later, a constitution appeared.
  4. Vatican - Vatican: everyone known fact- exactly this small state in the world, its area is only 0.44 sq. km.
  5. Greece - Athens: the first Olympic Games were held in the capital of Greece.
  6. Spain - Madrid: the capital is located exactly in the geographical center of the country.
  7. Italy - Rome: the city is one of the most beautiful in Europe, and the famous Colosseum is one of the seven wonders of the world.
  8. Macedonia - Skopje: The famous Mother Teresa was from Skopje, and the city has a museum dedicated to her.
  9. Malta - Valletta: Home to an endemic species of bees, the country's name means "honey" in Russian.
  10. Portugal - Lisbon: The country has a population of 11 million, and Portuguese is spoken by 232 million people in the world.
  11. San Marino - San Marino: at the entrance to San Marino no customs control.
  12. Serbia - Belgrade: national pride - Nikola Tesla.
  13. Slovenia - Ljubljana: the capital was designed in the shape of a star.
  14. Croatia - Zagreb: The capital of Croatia has the safest passenger transportation system.
  15. Montenegro - Podgorica: Montenegrins are considered the highest nation in Europe.

This list of European countries and their capitals for the southern part is the most numerous. Mainly due to the presence of small but interesting and original countries.

So, we not only looked at the list of European countries and their capitals, but also provided interesting facts about each country or its capital.

Modern children treat a school subject like geography as a secondary discipline. Many students are perplexed by the question “Which European capitals can you name?” This article will help you decide on this part of the world, its location and other territorial characteristics.

European capitals in alphabetical order

  • Amsterdam - main city Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1814. Located in the western part of the state at the mouth of the rivers Hey and Amstel.
  • Andorra la Vella is the main one in Andorra. Located at the confluence of the two rivers Valira d'Encamp and Valira d'Ordino. Located at an altitude of 1079 m above sea level in the Pyrenees. This is the highest mountain European capital.
  • Athens. Capital of Greece. Located in the center of the country and is a real treasure ancient world in modern Europe. It is the cultural, economic and administrative center of the state.

We continue the list

European capitals starting with "B"


Dublin - Irish city

City-county in Ireland. The European capital, located where the River Liffey flows into Dublin Bay and the Irish Sea.

Zagreb

The largest city in Croatia and its capital. Located on a tributary of the Danube, the Sava River. Zagreb is over 920 years old.

Kyiv, Chisinau, Copenhagen


Largest cities

  • Lisbon is the main city of Portugal. It is the main port of the country and oldest city Western Europe. Lisbon is located at the mouth of the small Tagus River. It is the westernmost capital of continental Europe.
  • London is the capital of the United Kingdom Northern Ireland and Great Britain. Located on the island of Great Britain near the North Sea at the mouth of the Thames River.
  • Ljubljana is the main city of Slovenia. The main economic, cultural and political center of the country. The city is located in the intermountain Ljubljana Basin on the banks of the Ljubljanec River.
  • Luxembourg - The largest city and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Where does Formula 1 take place?

Among these capitals are two hero cities:


This is Oslo on the lakes

The main and largest city in Norway. There are 343 lakes within the city limits. They are the most important sources of drinking water. Located in the southeastern part of the country. Two small rivers flow through this European capital - Alna and Akeshelva.

Tourist centers

  • Paris is the main city of France. It is the administrative center of Ile-de-France. Located in the Paris Basin on its plain. Located on the banks of the Seine River in northern France.
  • Podgorica is the capital of Montenegro. Located on the vast plain of the Skadar Basin, 30 km of the Adriatic Sea on the banks of the Moraca River.
  • Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic. It is located 40 km from the confluence of the Vltava River into the Elbe. It is the largest tourist center in Europe. The main cultural, economic and political center of the Czech Republic.

Let's move alphabetically


Carlson lived in one of these cities

  • San Marino is the capital of the state of San Marino, located on the Apennine Peninsula near Adriatic Sea.
  • Sarajevo is the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city is located in an intermountain basin on the banks of the Milatski River.
  • Skopje is the main city of the Republic of Macedonia. Skopje is located on the banks of the Vardar River in a valley surrounded by mountains, not far from the border with Kosovo. Located in the north of the state.
  • Sofia is the largest city in Bulgaria. Located in western Bulgaria at the foot of mountain range Vitosha in the south of the Sofia Basin.
  • Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. Located on the shores of Lake Mälaren in the channels connecting it to the Baltic Sea.

"T" and "X"

And among these cities is the place where the Nokia phone was “born”:


We hope that now you can easily give the correct answer to the question of which European capital is located on the River Thames, Ishi, Tiber, etc.

So, a list of European countries in alphabetical order. But first, a few words about this continent.

Europe- part of the world, with an area of ​​about 10.5 million square meters. km. It is washed by the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Population - 830.4 million people.

A

Austria
Albania
Andorra

B

Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Bosnia and Herzegovina

IN

Vatican
Great Britain
Hungary

G

Germany
Holland
Greece
Georgia

D

AND

Ireland
Iceland
Spain
Italy

L

Latvia
Lithuania
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg

M

Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco

N

Norway

P

Poland
Portugal

R

Russia
Romania

WITH

San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia

U

F

Finland
France

X

Croatia

H

Montenegro
Czech

Sh

Switzerland
Sweden

E

1. Austria (capital - Vienna)
2. Albania (capital - Tirana)
3. Andorra (capital - Andorra la Vella)
4. Belarus (capital - Minsk)
5. Belgium (capital - Brussels)
6. Bulgaria (capital - Sofia)
7.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (capital - Sarajevo)
8. Vatican (capital - Vatican)
9. Hungary (capital - Budapest)
10. Great Britain (capital - London)
11. Germany (capital - Berlin)
12. Greece (capital - Athens)
13. Denmark (capital - Copenhagen)
14. Ireland (capital - Dublin)
15. Iceland (capital - Reykjavik)
16. Spain (capital - Madrid)
17. Italy (capital - Rome)
18. Latvia (capital - Riga)
19.

Lithuania (capital - Vilnius)
20. Liechtenstein (capital - Vaduz)
21. Luxembourg (capital - Luxembourg)
22. Macedonia (capital - Skopje)
23. Malta (capital - Valletta)
24.

Moldova (capital - Chisinau)
25. Monaco (capital - Monaco)
26. Netherlands (capital - Amsterdam)
27. Norway (capital - Oslo)
28.

Poland (capital - Warsaw)
29. Portugal (capital - Lisbon)
30. Romania (capital - Bucharest)
31. San Marino (capital - San Marino)
32.

Serbia (capital - Belgrade)
33. Slovakia (capital - Bratislava)
34. Slovenia (capital - Ljubljana)
35. Ukraine (capital - Kyiv)
36. Finland (capital - Helsinki)
37. France (capital - Paris)
38.

Montenegro (capital - Podgorica)
39. Czech Republic (capital - Prague)
40. Croatia (capital - Zagreb)
41. Switzerland (capital - Bern)
42. Sweden (capital - Stockholm)
43. Estonia (capital - Tallinn)

How many countries are there in Europe?

On political map Europe is home to 50 independent states, most of which are highly developed industrial-agrarian countries. Among the largest countries in Europe are Russia, Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Ukraine, Spain, and Poland.

This figure also includes six dwarf states: Andorra, Vatican, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino.

Complete list of European countries

Austria, Azerbaijan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican City, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Georgia, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Kazakhstan, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia.

To give the correct answer to the question: “How many countries are there in Europe?” it must be taken into account that an accurate calculation of the number of states located in Europe depends on the definition of the borders of Europe and the criteria for including unrecognized and partially recognized states, taking into account dependent territories.

It should be borne in mind that since traditionally geographical boundaries Europe and Asia are considered Caucasus ridge And Black Sea straits, the inclusion of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Cyprus, Kazakhstan and Turkey in the list of European countries is based primarily on political, economic and cultural considerations and is not unambiguous.

Unrecognized and partially recognized European states: Abkhazia, Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand, South Ossetia.

Home >  Wiki-textbook >  Geography > 11th grade >  Foreign Europe: general characteristics, resources, population, economy

General information about Foreign Europe

Foreign Europe represents one of the centers of world civilization, and has incomparable importance for world politics, economics and culture.

On its territory there are 40 sovereign states, which are interconnected by their historical past, close cultural and political relations.

If we talk about the economic and geographical position of countries, it is determined by two main criteria.

The countries of foreign Europe are relatively close to each other; they either closely border on natural boundaries, or there is a small distance between them, which does not in any way affect the convenience of transport connections.

The second main criterion is seaside location most countries that are connected with each other and the countries of other continents by sea routes.

Countries such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, and the Netherlands have been associated with the sea since ancient times.

Political picture of Overseas Europe

The political picture of overseas Europe changed significantly three times during the 20th century.

The First and Second World Wars changed it significantly, and at the end of the century there were significant changes associated with the Social Democratic parties that came to power.

As for the structure of states in this territory, in foreign Europe there are republics, unitary states, monarchical and federal.

By the 21st century, the Organization for Security and Cooperation (OSCE) emerged, whose membership is represented by 56 countries (it also includes the USA, Canada and the CIS countries).

Natural conditions and resources

There are many mineral resources located on the territory of foreign Europe.

The northern part includes ore and fuel minerals.

And hydropower resources are located in the Alps, Dinaric and Scandinavian mountains.

Forestry is developed in Sweden and Finland, where forest landscapes are typical.

Population of Overseas Europe

The number of inhabitants in this part of the world is growing very slowly; a rather difficult demographic situation has been recorded in foreign Europe.

The territory is a hotbed of global labor emigration; there are about 20 million foreign workers here.

It is important to note that most countries in Europe are highly urbanized, with the highest rates of urbanization being in Belgium, the UK and the Netherlands.

The countries of Europe belong to the Indo-European family; there are four main types of states based on their national composition.

These are single-national (Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark), with a sharp predominance of one nation (Great Britain, France, Finland), binational (Belgium) and multinational (Switzerland, Latvia).

EconomyForeign Europe

Europe occupies a leading place in the world economy in terms of the size of agricultural and industrial production, the development of tourism and the export of goods and services.

The most powerful countries relatively economic situation called Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy.

They have the most developed complexes various industries, unlike other countries where one or two industries are highly developed.

The leading industries in Europe are mechanical engineering (especially the automotive industry), the chemical industry, the fuel and energy sector and the metallurgical industry.

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"How many countries are located in the European part of the world?" This question interests many travel lovers. It’s also interesting, which of them are the most famous, and which are the smallest and most inconspicuous on the map? This article will focus on European states and their capitals.

General information

Europe is one of the parts of the world that is located on an area of ​​more than 10 million km2. The population makes up 10% of all people living on Earth and numbers about 730 million people.

Currently, on the European part of the Eurasian continent, there are 43 countries, excluding Russia. Among them there are large states, such as Germany, France or Poland, as well as very tiny ones, including Liechtenstein, Andorra, San Marino and others. Russia is not included in this list, since territorially, one part of it belongs to Europe, and the second to Asia.

European states and their capitals are very different: large and not very large, with different populations, having high level life and poorly developed. They are all completely different. Geographically, Europe is divided into parts: Southern, Northern, Western, Eastern and Central. You can tell a lot about each country interesting facts, but first of all, you should get to know their main cities.

Large cities and their capitals

It occupies a significant place in terms of area and number East End, where 34% of Europe's population lives, the second place is the west side, the third is the south, and last place- north. But we should not forget that some organizations also include several countries from different parts.

Major European states and their capitals include:

  • In the southern part: Spain (Madrid), Greece (Athens) and Portugal (Lisbon).
  • IN Northern Europe there are no large countries except Sweden (Stockholm), where 9.6 million people live.
  • In the Western part, this list includes Belgium (Brussels) and the Netherlands (Amsterdam).
  • Eastern Europe is Ukraine (Kyiv), Poland (Warsaw), Romania with its capital Bucharest and the Czech Republic (Prague).

Some of the most important states in the European part are those that are part of the G7. These include: Germany (Berlin), France (Paris), Great Britain (London), and Italy (Rome).

The most sparsely populated countries, where the number of citizens does not reach 3 million people, are:

  • Montenegro - Podgorica;
  • Slovenia - Ljubljana;
  • Malta - Valletta;
  • Macedonia - Skopje;
  • Albania - Tirana;
  • Estonia - Tallinn;
  • Lithuania - Vilnius;
  • Latvia, Riga;
  • Iceland - Reykjavik;
  • Luxembourg - Luxembourg.

A separate list should include states where the population does not exceed 100 thousand people, but there are few of them, although some of them occupy a rather large area. These include the separate Vatican City, the Principality of Liechtenstein (Vaduz), the Principality of the Principality of Andorra (Andorra la Vella) and San Marino (San Marino).

Other European capitals

The list of countries located in Europe can be continued further. It includes the so-called “medium” states, where several million people live. These include:

  • Croatia - Zagreb;
  • Serbia - Belgrade;
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo;
  • Finland - Helsinki;
  • Norway - Oslo;
  • Denmark - Copenhagen;
  • Slovakia - Bratislava;
  • Moldova - Chisinau;
  • Hungary - Budapest;
  • Bulgaria - Sofia;
  • Belarus - Minsk;
  • Switzerland - Bern;
  • Ireland - Dublin;
  • Austria Vienna.

Each country is amazing in its own way and rich in its historical heritage, traditions and culture. When planning to travel around Europe, look carefully at the map and make a route, choosing the countries you want to visit.

43 countries, not counting Russia, are located on the western part of the large continent. They are considered to be the most developed, and some of them belong to the G7. These are countries such as Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany.

Europe: countries and capitals (list)

All of Europe is usually divided into eastern, western, northern and southern, but the countries are unevenly distributed, and in some places there are 9, and in others there are 15. In addition to 44 countries, there are states that were not recognized or partially recognized - Kosovo, Transnistria and Sealand. There are also European countries with capitals that are dependent states (countries that are not considered independent, but have their own territory, borders, population), there are 9 of them, and most of them belong to Great Britain, such as Guernsey, Gibraltar or Jan- Mayen.

It is impossible to answer unequivocally and divide all countries into parts, because each organization (ONN, CIA, SGNZS, etc.) differentiates them for its own reasons. In this article, the list of countries will be shown according to the UN Decree.

Eastern Europe

Before you give brief description this region, it is necessary to provide their capitals. Eastern Europe includes 10 countries, some of which were part of the USSR until 1991: Ukraine (Kyiv), Poland (Warsaw), Romania (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia), Slovakia (Bratislava), Moldova (Chisinau), Hungary ( Budapest), Russia (Moscow), Czech Republic (Prague), Belarus (Minsk).

Many believe that Russia does not belong to Europe at all; others also separate Ukraine. But if we adhere to the UN resolution, then the population of this part is about 135 million inhabitants, not counting Russia. The most large number population - in Poland, the smallest - in Moldova, and the majority of the population belongs to the Slavic group: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and others.

Ukraine is considered in the eastern part, followed by Poland and Belarus.

After the collapse of the USSR, a lot has changed in political system, and the economies of most Eastern European countries have suffered greatly, which is why they are not in the first positions in terms of development today government system and life.

Northern Europe

The list of European countries (and their capitals) is much shorter when looking at northern part Europe, and here, mainly on the Scandinavian Peninsula, the following states are located. First of all, these are Finland (Helsinki), as well as Norway (Oslo), Denmark (Copenhagen), Estonia (Tallinn), Lithuania (Vilnius), Sweden (Stockholm), Iceland (Reykjavik), Latvia (Riga).

Northern Europe is a small part of the whole of Europe and occupies only 20% of the total area, and the population is only 4%. These are small states, the most large country They consider Sweden, where about 9 million people live, and the smallest is Iceland, where the population does not even exceed 300 thousand people.

(in the northern part) are among the most developed in terms of economic indicators and living standards. Compared to other regions, their economy is stronger, the percentage of unemployment and inflation is low, and external and national resources are used more efficiently.

Only high-tech equipment and qualified workers are involved in production; the priority in the economy is quality, not quantity.

Western Europe

The list of European countries (and their capitals) in the western part mainly takes into account the states where the peoples of the Romano-Germanic and Celtic language groups live. This is one of the most developed regions in the whole world, and includes the following countries: Great Britain (London), Austria (Vienna), Ireland (Dublin), Germany (Berlin), Switzerland (Bern), Belgium (Brussels), Liechtenstein (Vaduz) , the Netherlands (Amsterdam), Monaco (Monaco) and France (Paris).

IN Western Europe About 300 million people live, 20 million of which are immigrants. It is in Western Europe that there is a so-called immigration hotspot, where people come from all over the world, including from poor African countries.

In Western Europe, the area is France, and it is also the oldest and richest.

Southern Europe

Most big list European countries (and their capitals) are represented in the southern part, which includes 16 states: Italy (Rome), Portugal (Lisbon), Greece (Athens), Serbia (Belgrade), Malta (Valetta), Albania (Tirana), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo), Spain (Madrid), San Marino (San Marino), Slovenia (Ljubljana), Andorra (Andorra la Vella), Montenegro (Podgorica), Macedonia (Skopje), Croatia (Zagreb), Cyprus (Nicosia ).

Many countries in the southern part are located mainly on the coast Mediterranean Sea, and the population is 160 million people. Italy is considered the largest country, and San Marino is the smallest, with no more than 30 thousand people living there.

The good location and subtropical climate allows many countries to engage in agriculture and export food products. European countries and their capitals are actively developing tourism. For example, Spain is considered the most visited country after France. Many travelers love holidays on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which is why they choose these countries.

Besides Agriculture, the economy develops due to the mining industry, the production of machinery and equipment, textiles and leather.

 

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