The deepest point on the globe. The deepest places on planet earth. Deepest mine

We know quite little about what interesting things our planet hides on its surface, especially when it comes to its deepest points, located both on land and in water. But, still, what do we know about these places and in which areas are the most low areas Earth? We present to you a list consisting of the 10 deepest places on Earth that have been explored to date.

The deepest place on Earth

Krubera-Voronya Cave

This famous place is located in Abkhazia, and its studied part reaches a depth of 2196 meters. The natural object consists of a network of wells connected to each other by passages and galleries.

The cave was discovered in 1960 by speleologists, who then descended into it to a depth of 95 meters. The depth, which is reliably established today, was recorded by Ukrainian researchers in 2004.

TauTon Mine

TauTona holds the title of the deepest gold mine on the planet, descending four kilometers into the ground. It hides underneath a whole infrastructurally developed underground complex with a large network of many kilometers of tunnels. Deserves the title of one of the largest gold mining enterprises.

Woodingdean Well

The largest ever dug by man. Its construction began in 1858 through the free labor of prisoners from the penitentiary. All work to create this object was done manually, and buckets with excavated earth were removed using a winch. After two years of hard work, the depth of the well was about one hundred and thirty-four meters, but water was never discovered.

Then it was decided to create four additional mines connected to each other, but this also did not produce results. After the failure, work to deepen the main shaft continued for another two years. Finally, in 1862, 4 years after the start of work, water was discovered, and the depth of the well reached 392 meters.

Kola well

This well, of course, is not the deepest place on Earth, but it is certainly the most famous in the history of mankind and a container created by human labor. It is located on the territory of Russia and bears the title of one of the most unusual and risky experiments of Soviet scientists. The project began in 1970 and had only one single task - scientists wanted to obtain as much information as possible about the structure of the earth's crust by getting to its mantle.

At the time of the emergency completion of the project, the depth of the well was 12,262 meters and allowed scientists of the Soviet Union to make unexpected discoveries. But, having found no further use, the government decided to mothball the facility.

Lake Baikal

The length of the “Siberian Sea” reaches 1637 meters and deserves the title of the deepest among. It is for this reason that residents of the Baikal region most often call it the sea. The significant depth can be explained by the tectonic origin of Baikal, and many other records and interesting discoveries are also associated with it.

The lake bears the title of the largest natural reservoir of fresh water and the oldest, since it appeared about 25 million years ago. In addition, more than one third of the animals and plants living near the lake and in its thickness cannot be found anywhere other than here.

Congo

The length of the river is 4700 meters. The area of the basin is 3600 kilometers, and the largest great depth more than 230 meters was recorded. It is also worth noting that the river is the second most water-rich on the planet, right after the Amazon. Congo is the only one of all large rivers, which crosses the equator twice.

Tonga Trench

Located in the southwestern part Pacific Ocean, the depth of this trench reaches 10882 meters. Therefore, it takes pride of place in the list of the deepest points on Earth.

Kermadec gutter

It is located in the Pacific Ocean, near the Kermadec Islands, and reaches a depth of ten 10047 meters. It is home to many species of marine organisms discovered relatively recently by Russian scientists.

Philippine Trench

Reaching a depth of 10,540 meters, this trench was formed as a result of the collision of tectonic plates millions of years ago. Located in the east of the Philippine archipelago.

Mariana Trench

The deepest place on Earth is, of course, the Mariana Trench

It is a deep-sea trench of oceanic origin, the name of which is taken from the Mariana Islands, located nearby. The most low point The depression is called the Challenger site and goes 11,035 meters deep.

Only ten places have been listed above that have earned the title “The Deepest Place on Earth,” but even today they remain unexplored. Deep-sea depressions hide many mysteries, but, as we know, science does not stand still, and in the near future we can expect a number of new discoveries in the field of exploring little-studied places.

The depths of the ocean have attracted researchers since the beginning of the last century. Legends about the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean still excite minds; entire legends are made up about the depths of the sea. There are many videos that confirm that the bottom of the World Ocean can really surprise with both its unusual topography and very unusual inhabitants. What do the greatest depths of the World Ocean hide?

What is the deepest place in the ocean

The Mariana Trench is recognized as the deepest part of the World Ocean. It is located in the Pacific Ocean and reaches a depth of 10 km 994 m. Its deepest point is called the Challenger Deep. If you compare the Mariana Trench with Mount Everest, it seems that the latter is significantly inferior.

It took several attempts to measure the maximum depth in the Pacific Ocean. The ridges that are part of the relief are 180 million years old. The trench is formed between the Philippine and Pacific lithospheric plates. The Challenger Deep was explored 4 times.

The first was a researcher from Brussels, Jacques Piccard.
The Japanese conquered the abyss for the second time.
For the third time, several countries were engaged in exploring the trench, using the Nereus apparatus to study the depths.
The most famous explorer of the Mariana Trench was James Cameron. He also closes the top three people who have ever visited the maximum depth of the Pacific and World Oceans.

The Tonga Trench is another large trench in the Pacific Ocean

The maximum depth of the Tonga Trench is approximately 10,882 m. This makes it the second deepest in the World Ocean. The trench is confined to a volcanic archipelago, which was formed as a result of magmatic activity. For a long time, one plate sank into the mantle, which gave birth to a large fault. Note that while the Mariana Trench and its trench receive quite a lot of attention, the Tonga Trench is not studied so closely. Stretching for 860 km, it connects to the Kermadec Trench, whose maximum depth is 10,047 m.

The Kuril-Kamchatka Trench is a surprisingly interesting place on the planet

The maximum depth of the trench is 9717 m. Only recently, scientists studying the great depths of the trench managed to find living organisms, many of which do not exceed 1 cm in length. By studying such finds in as much detail as possible, it is possible to create a global picture and find out what secrets the deep-sea fauna hides Pacific and World Oceans. The samples collected in 2017 showed that their diversity is so great that it exceeds the number of all species discovered by science in the surveyed area. Thus, most of the discovered organisms are discovered for the first time. Some of them are of great interest for biomedicine.

Experts from several countries took part in the expedition to study one of the deepest trenches in the World Ocean. It is now known that the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench is the narrowest in the entire Pacific Ocean. Its average width is 59 km and its length is 2200 km.

Philippine Trench - a large trench vying for second place in the Pacific Ocean

Accurate studies of the Philippine Trench are lacking. It is believed that it has a much greater depth than the Tonga Trench. It has now been established that the maximum depth is 10,540 m.

Its formation was facilitated by the collision of two layers, one of which (basalt) has a larger mass. Moving towards the granite layer, he actually found himself underneath it. This process is usually called subduction. The most important thing here is that the presence of subduction directly indicates earthquake activity. Next to the Philippine Trench is the Mariana Trench, as well as the Japan Trench.
Until 1970, the Philippine Trench was believed to have the maximum depth and be the deepest in the world. This conclusion was made as a result of a large expedition on the Emden ship. After this, the Galatea expedition was carried out. It is its results that are the latest this moment, although they are almost 50 years old. During the expedition, scientists found that the ocean floor of the trench is represented by a flat plain, the maximum width of which is 5 km.

Is there life in the depths of the ocean

The question is quite reasonable, because it is difficult to imagine how living organisms manage to adapt at the greatest depths. It is known that most living organisms cannot withstand maximum pressure, which exceeds a thousand atmospheres. Paradoxically, the deep-sea world is diverse, despite the pressure and temperature. Moreover, they do not need sunlight at all, which simply cannot get here. So where did life come from at the greatest depths?

On the territory of all the considered Pacific Ocean trenches there are volcanoes called black smokers. These rock formations are distinguished by great volcanic activity. They throw hot water into the ocean waters, heated by magma rising from the bowels of the planet. By enriching the water with minerals, it is the black smokers that allow living organisms to carry out their life activities. One of these volcanoes is Daikoku, discovered at a relatively large depth - 414 m. Its activity contributes to the formation of lakes of molten sulfur. This phenomenon occurs only on Jupiter's moon Io.

The study of deep-sea organisms and the construction of versions that explain their appearance is an important scientific task. In this case, the world's scientists are again focusing their attention on underwater volcanoes, which may contribute to the occurrence of chemical reactions in such a way that life appears even under conditions of monstrous pressure. This could explain how life began on the entire planet.

The first research vessel to reach maximum depth was the Glomar Challenger. Using a special device released into the ocean waters, he was able to study the bottom topography in detail. The device was made of titanium-cobalt steel, which protected it from breakage.

The immersion of the device was accompanied by a fair amount of mystification. Journalists wrote about monsters living at the bottom of the ocean. However, they were partly right, because the deep-sea vehicle was actually attacked. The most striking discovery was the discovery of a twisted cable. To cause serious damage to it, the creature had to have powerful jaws.

Some of the most common creatures of the deep are xenophyophores. These are the largest amoebas on the planet, reaching 10 cm. Such gigantism is quite a common occurrence for all creatures that experience the negative impact of the environment in the ocean. Xenophyophores are able to withstand the effects of radiation, mercury and lead. Amazing fact- these creatures withstand enormous pressure precisely because they do not have a shell. Experiments have shown that any bone and even wood will be destroyed by pressure. Before your eyes, a wooden block will turn into wood powder. But at the same time, one discovery amazed the scientific world. Several years ago, a mollusk was discovered whose shell had not been destroyed by pressure. Moreover, the mollusk lived under the influence of hydrogen sulfide, which usually kills these creatures. Most likely, the mollusk simply synthesizes hydrogen sulfide into protein, which is why it manages to survive in such dangerous conditions.

How the depths of the ocean are studied

The study of the bottom is important for geology. Processes associated with the movement of lithospheric plates must be constantly recorded, as they make it possible to predict seismic hazards. The highest seismic hazard is observed in areas of deep-sea trenches. As a consequence, the occurrence of powerful earthquakes causing big waves(tsunami).

At a depth of more than 100 m, due to the lack of sunlight, research without special instruments is impossible. Places where sunlight cannot reach are called abyssals. When working in the abyssal areas, even with a spotlight it is impossible to provide enough light to take clear pictures. Artificial light makes it possible to achieve only a close-up view. This is why using light is generally not a good idea. The situation is completely different with the use of sound. Ultrasound is the most effective means of studying the bottom topography. With the help of echo sounders, scientists have been successfully studying the seabed for many years. The principle of operation of an echo sounder is based on the reflection of sound from various surfaces. The device reads the data by receiving a return signal, which allows it to create a picture. Previously, people used complex measuring instruments that gave minimal measurement efficiency. For example, when measuring depths from North Pole to the Greenland Sea, Soviet researchers had to use a heavy lot. Lowering it with a winch, they took depth measurements, which was an extremely labor-intensive task. Since the measurements were carried out from a drifting ice floe, corrections had to be constantly introduced. In addition, the lot itself turned out to be mobile, so precise measurements were out of the question. Now scientists do not need to spend a lot of time - the echo sounder will make all the necessary calculations in seconds and is installed on the ship.

Despite the importance of echo sounders, they have not replaced bathyscaphes and other underwater vehicles. At shallow depths it is still advisable to use them. As for photo and video shooting, it is necessary to use special modules in which cameras are installed. For the first time, the Soviet scientist Zenkevich became famous for such a hobby, who photographed fish living at relatively great depths.

The study of the Pacific and World Oceans is considered one of the most important tasks of the world of science. There are still many discoveries ahead for humanity that will be able to protect people’s lives and allow us to shed light on many of the mysteries of earthly life.

Many people are interested in the question - which lake is the deepest in the world? Baikal- the deepest lake in the world. It is located in the southeastern part of Russia and occupies a vast territory of the central part of the Asian continent. Due to its greatness, the deepest lake in the world, Baikal, has several more beautiful names. The body of water is called a deep or clear eye, a sacred lake, a mighty sea. Locals usually call it the Baikal Sea.
This lake stores the largest reserves of fresh water on the planet, which have a unique composition. The water is not only clean and transparent, but in terms of the content of mineral salts it can be compared to distilled water.
In area, the deepest lake in the world, Lake Baikal, is almost equal to Holland. It contains several dozen islands. Its length is 635 km, the largest width in the center is 80 km, and the narrowest part is located in the Selenga region and is 27 km. The lake is located at an altitude of more than 450 km relative to sea level, and the length of its coast is approximately 2000 km. More than half of this coastal area is protected by the state.
More than 300 rivers fill the deepest lake in the world, Lake Baikal, with their waters; at least half of this volume falls on the Selenga River, and only the Angara flows out of it. Baikal is surrounded by mountain ranges and numerous hills. On the West Coast the terrain is more rocky and steep than on the East.

Some tourists are actively interested in where the deepest lake in the world is located? These places are famous for their picturesque landscapes and unique diversity of wildlife, which makes them interesting for tourists. The region has the status of a protected area of global importance. In terms of the number of rare plants growing only in these parts, it surpasses even the flora of Madagascar and the Galapagos Islands. Numerous resorts are located here. The best time To visit the deepest lake in the world, Lake Baikal, the period is considered to be from the end of April to the end of October. In the summer months, tourists can go on various excursions and hikes, fish, dive, hunt, relax on the beach, and in winter, skiing, ice fishing and ice rafting are popular.
You can get to these places by plane or train. There are direct flights to Ulan-Ude and Irkutsk. The journey there from Moscow by plane will take 6 hours, and by train you will have to travel about 4 days. Now you know where the deepest lake in the world is.

The question of the origin of Lake Baikal has long been a source of heated debate in the scientific world and creates the ground for a variety of, sometimes fantastic, guesses and hypotheses. How was this lake formed with crystal clear water, surrounded by picturesque mountains and unique nature?
The Buryat legend tells of the Great Fire, which consumed the earth and contributed to the origin of Lake Baikal. The sea emerged from the resulting void. Scientific confirmation the legend was not found and for a long time scientists studied this problem.
Back in the eighteenth century, the Germans Palass and Georgi formulated a scientifically based assumption on this topic. They took part in the Siberian expedition, which was organized by the St. Petersburg Academy around 1970. Scientists argued that the cause of the emergence of Baikal was the failure of the land caused by a natural disaster. Most likely it was an earthquake. They believed that before the events described, a large river flowed there, flowing into the Yenisei. It took into its channel all the waters that today flow into Lake Baikal. A century later, the Pole Yanchevsky proposed his hypothesis, basing it on data obtained during a trip to the Baikal region. He believed that this reservoir was formed due to a natural disaster, after which the earth's crust began to slowly shrink.
There were many scientists who proposed their theories, but they often echoed each other and their guesses about the origin of Lake Baikal differed only in details. Vladimir Obruchev came closest to the modern understanding of the process as a result of which the Baikal Basin was formed. He suggested that it all started after the formation mountain system Siberia. The depression was formed after the subsidence of a large area of land on both sides of the gap.
In the second half of the 20th century, thanks to scientific advances, scientists made significant progress in the study of this problem. The global fault system or world rift theory, discovered at that time, brought some clarity. According to this discovery, Baikal arose as a result of processes on a planetary scale and that there are several similar formations on the surface of the earth. Tanganyika and the Red Sea are some of them.
At the end of the 20th century, scientists from many countries dealt with this problem. The Lake Baikal basin is considered one of the central links of the Baikal rift. It stretches for more than 2.5 thousand km and is located on the very border of the Eurasian and Indonesian-Australian lithospheric plates. At first it was believed that the rift appeared due to the collision of plates, but after a detailed study of new data, they found out that the reason for everything was the anomalous heating of the mantle.
The lava that floated up and spread in different directions formed massifs of mountain ranges that surround the lake. This spreading over a plane heated to very high magma temperatures caused the appearance of large faults. As a result, this caused the formation of a depression, which later became Lake Baikal.
As new knowledge emerged and geophysical techniques developed, interesting details and a scientifically verified chronological sequence of the formation of this unique lake emerged.

In addition to numerous large and small streams, almost 300 rivers and streams flow into it. In addition to three navigable rivers, the Upper Angara, Barguzin and Selenga, several more can be named, especially notable for their size: Turka, Snezhnaya, Barguzin, Buguldeika. And only the only Angara carries its waters to the northwest, flowing out of the mighty lake.

Only it receives the full force of its waters from Lake Baikal and carries them through the center of Russia for hundreds of kilometers. Its width at the source is about 2 km. In this place there is a giant rock, called the Shaman Stone by the locals. As the legend says, father Baikal threw this block at his daughter running away from him. She decided to rush off to the handsome Yenisei, although her father wanted to marry her to a hero named Irkut.
The Angara, like other rivers of Lake Baikal, is a beautiful and clean river. Its length is about 1800 kilometers.

The Selenga, as a river of Lake Baikal, is the largest of all the rivers that flow into the lake. The source of the river is in Mongolia, then it flows through Russian soil, completing its path by dividing in the delta of the lake itself. It carries almost half of all the water entering Baikal.

The Upper Angara is a fast mountain river, With big amount thresholds. Even when it finds itself on the plain, it continues to meander and divide, in order to later unite in a single channel. Near Baikal itself, like other rivers of Lake Baikal, it pacifies its waters and becomes calmer.

Another river of Lake Baikal flows in Buryatia, descending along a mountain range, after which it carries its restless waters along rocky rapids. In the upper reaches there is a large nature reserve. It passes through taiga valleys, a gorge and a mountain range.
This place is very attractive to fans of rafting along mountain rapids. The sections intended for this purpose do not even have a minimum category of difficulty, which means they can be passed without much risk to life. Although the river also has areas with a dangerous bottom, sharp rocks and waterfalls.
The deepest lake is an amazing, mysterious and not fully explored miracle of nature. He is fed by the same unique rivers who carry their waters along the most beautiful lands And protected places, maintaining its originality. Every effort must be made to preserve this rich supply of crystal clear water and its rare ecosystem.

There are many unusual territories on earth that combine several features that distinguish them from other places. Baikal is one of these regions. This is the cleanest lake in Russia, with perfectly clear water, which contains practically no mineral impurities. And it also has enormous depth - the greatest among all the lakes in the world.
Thanks to its special geographical characteristics, this corner of nature attracts the attention of people from different parts of the world. The maximum recorded depth of the lake is 1640 meters. With this indicator, Baikal is ahead of all lakes on the globe. Next after the Russian leader, Tanganyika is very much inferior to him. Its greatest depth does not exceed 160 meters. In combination with the huge area of Baikal, which is equal to Holland, these gigantic scales are simply impossible to imagine.
One of the reasons for such a great depth of Lake Baikal and its area is the presence of many rivers that flow into it. The approximate number of tributaries is approximately 300. With such a significant replenishment, Baikal continues in only one river - the Angara. It should be noted that the reservoir is considered the largest natural reservoir on the planet, with perfectly clean fresh water. In terms of these parameters, even the Great Lakes taken together cannot compare with it. North America. Its waters reach a volume of 23,600 m3.
The very great depth of Lake Baikal, combined with the impressive area of this lake, explains the fact that locals call it the sea. This ancient body of water on the surface of the Earth appeared as a result of complex processes occurring in the earth's crust. Approximately 25 million years have passed since its formation began. It continues now. Scientists believe that Baikal could be the beginning of the emergence of a new ocean, which should not appear tomorrow, of course, but its emergence in the future is recognized by the scientific world as a proven fact.
Due to the maximum depth of Lake Baikal and the high level of the shoreline, which is 455 meters greater than the surface of the ocean, the basin of the reservoir is deservedly defined as the most deep depression on the ground.

The water of Lake Baikal is unusually clean and transparent. Using a Secchi disk, a test was carried out, according to which the transparency of the lake was 40 meters, but, for example, in the Caspian Sea, it is not even 25 meters. Alpine reservoirs, known for their purity, are inferior to Baikal in these parameters. The transparency of a reservoir may vary depending on several factors. The river mouth and shallow waters give way to areas of great depth. Seasonal changes in the life activity of microflora also have an effect.
The water of Lake Baikal meets all the criteria for high-quality drinking water. Its purity and unique properties are explained by the influence of microorganisms and vegetation. Small epishura crustaceans, which live in huge numbers in the lake, act as a biofilter. An armada of such crustaceans is capable of cleaning the upper layers 3-4 times a year. There are almost no organic impurities and dissolved substances in the reservoir.
The mineral composition of the water is very poor, not even reaching 100 mg/liter, and includes silicon, calcium and magnesium. Other bodies of water have concentrations of similar substances ranging from 400 mg/liter. There is no hydrogen sulfide in Baikal, but oxygen is present in large quantities both in the upper layers and at the very depths. Its water has excellent qualities. Its purity can only be surpassed by water from Crater Lake in the United States, which is considered a natural analogue of the distillate.
Nowadays, only Baikal in the world is an open reservoir with water suitable for consumption, which does not require additional treatment. The ideal water of Lake Baikal is now bottled on an industrial scale. It is taken at a depth of about 410 meters. The top layers protect it from any surface contamination.
The temperature in the lake is unique. It is influenced not only climatic conditions, but also the abnormal depth of the lake. The highest water temperature is 15 degrees. As depth increases, temperature decreases. At around 25 meters it is only 10 degrees, and at a depth of 250 meters and below, the temperature is 3 - 5 degrees. Shallow water sometimes manages to warm up to 24 degrees.

Lake Baikal and its surrounding areas are one of the most unique and richest regions in terms of natural treasures. There are nature reserves, nature reserves, National parks and protected natural monuments. Together there are about two hundred such territories. Almost the entire Baikal region is under state protection. Only in a few industrially developed areas: Baikalsk, Slyudyanka, Severobaikalsk, Kultuk and Babushkin, due to the developed industrial complex, there are no serious restrictions on the work of local enterprises.
The protection of Lake Baikal is carried out not only in Russian Federation, since these territories are considered an object world heritage UNESCO. In Russia there is Federal Law No. 94 FZ, “On the protection of Lake Baikal”. He determined the status of protected areas, the protection regime, and the possibilities of using the natural resources of the region. Since part of the unique territory around Lake Baikal is part of China and Mongolia, there is a problem with organizing the protection of the entire complex, due to difficulties associated with the need to coordinate actions with foreign partners. The disunity of environmental services and bodies that supervise this area also has a negative impact.
The main thing that needs to be done to protect Lake Baikal is to preserve the unique natural complex in its pristine purity, which is practically no longer found in the world. We have to save amazingly beautiful places with unique climatic, geological, biosphere and other conditions in which living nature can exist. Some areas are expected to remain free from many species economic activity due to their distance from civilization. They are located in hard-to-reach areas where transport connection often absent. Law enforcement agencies and the ranger service must provide assistance in protecting the environment and preventing hunting of rare animals and birds, illegal fishing and destruction of plants.

The uniqueness of Lake Baikal lies in its record depth, unusual geographical location, ideal purity of water and, of course, its vast territory. The lake is located in Russia, in the east of Siberia and is the natural border of two regions of the Russian Federation. With a maximum depth of 1640 m, the area of Lake Baikal is 31 thousand km 2. It exceeds the size of the territories of such states as Holland or Belgium. In the world rankings of the largest lakes, it is in 6th place.
The area of Lake Baikal in the center of Asia is 365 kilometers long and no less than 80 kilometers wide. This entire territory is surrounded by rows of mountain ranges and is located in a wide basin. It could accommodate waters from 92 seas, such as the Azov Sea. It contains almost 20% of the world's fresh water.
Among the coastal areas there are numerous hills. On the west, the shores are rocky and steep, while on the east coast the terrain is not so steep. In some places mountain ranges located tens of kilometers from the coast.
Baikal did not suffer the fate of other ancient lakes, and it did not turn into a swamp. On the contrary, every year its area only increases, and scientists predict that the area of Lake Baikal will expand to gigantic size and will become a new ocean.

The nature of Lake Baikal is amazing and unusual. Such a variety of animals and flora nowhere on the planet. The rarest specimens of flora and fauna are found in these parts.

Vegetable world

There are few places on earth that can evoke as much surprise and delight in a botanist as the Baikal region. Currently, science identifies about 1 thousand different plant species that grow in the vicinity of this wonderful lake. Most of them are endemic. This means that they grow only in these areas. Varied natural conditions and the multimillion-year history of these territories have preserved the local ecosystem in its original form. They determined the appearance of this magnificent nature reserve, where many relict plants are preserved that have long disappeared in other parts of our planet.
Along the banks there are pines, spruces, firs and cedars - traditional Siberian trees, and only the southern shore of the lake is decorated with blue spruces. The origin of this species still remains a mystery. Olkhon Island is located in the middle of Baikal and has relict thickets. This is mainly a spruce forest that has retained its original appearance since the Paleolithic. In the west of the lake there is a tundra-steppe, with relict plants preserved since the end of the Ice Age. The combination of special tundra plants with steppe species is not found anywhere else on the planet.
The nature of Lake Baikal pleases with a bright green carpet of herbs and flowers, covered with forest slopes, where you can often find an abundance of rare berries and fragrant wild rosemary.

Animal world

Scientists believe that the fauna of the deepest lake is ancient and consists of a large number of different animals, including very rare ones. More than 2.5 thousand species of animals live here, more than half of which are endemic. First of all, it is worth noting microscopic crustaceans called the endemic epishura, which are a biological filter. Their presence is one of the main factors influencing the crystal purity of lake water.
The deepest lake is home to 54 species of fish, and 15 of them are considered commercial. The most famous of them is omul. He lives for about 25 years. It should be noted an amazing, almost transparent fish called golomyanka. She gives birth to live larvae. No fish in the world reproduces this way.
The seal lives here - the only seal that lives in fresh water reservoirs. Also in the lake there are many sturgeon, pike, whitefish, and taimen.
A wide variety of animals and birds can be found in forest areas and on the hills of the Baikal region. The forests are home to a large number of deer, martens, and sables. In the mountainous regions there are sheep, and in the steppes there are marmots and gophers. A huge number of ducks live in these areas. Seagulls and cormorants nest here. Less common are geese, herons, swans, and loons. There are 7 species of eagles here.
The nature of Lake Baikal is diverse and unique. Every effort must be made to preserve this rare region for posterity.

Some people are interested in the question of which lake is the largest in the world. And strangely enough, this, which, despite its name, is the most big lake worldwide. This body of water separates the landmass of Europe and Asia.

What's special about it?

The lake does not have any current, but at the same time it is usually called the sea. The presence of a second name for a reservoir is determined by the following factors:

dimensions
depth
stock features

After the formation of the largest lake in the world, numerous studies were carried out, thanks to which it was possible to find out the basic information and understand what the reservoir is and what important differences it has.
The Caspian Sea is a lake whose shape resembles the Latin letter S. The surface area of the reservoir is 371 thousand square meters, the width is four hundred fifteen thousand square meters. Such dimensions lead to the fact that many countries border the Caspian Sea.
An important advantage of the reservoir is its surprisingly rich underwater world, and many of its inhabitants have acquired resistance to constant changes in the reservoir.
The reservoir includes several bays. Moreover, the largest is Kara-Bogaz-Gol (separation took place in 1980 with the help of a deep dam, and four years after the important event the result was secured with a culvert).
In addition, the lake includes the following large bays:

Komsomolets
Turkmen
Mangyshlaksky
Kazakh
Krasnovodsk
Agrakhansky
Kizlyarsky

The Caspian Sea includes 50 islands of varying sizes. Moreover, some islands have an area of more than 350 square meters. Some are united into island archipelagos, known as Absheron and Baku.
The Caspian Sea appeared due to oceanic processes. This is proven by the features of the bed, which consists of an oceanic crust. Moreover, the creation process dates back to distant times, because the age of the lake is already 13,000,000 years. It was then that the Alps mountains appeared, which separated the Sarmatian and Mediterranean Seas from each other. The Akchagyl Sea existed for a long period. But after this, numerous transformations of the reservoir began:
1. The Pontic Sea dried up, as a result of which only Lake Balakhani remained ( South part Caspian);
2. The Akchagyl Sea turned into the Absheron Sea;
The main changes associated with the reservoir occurred approximately 17,000 - 13,100 years ago. Moreover, the changes were due to transgression.
Currently, after numerous transformations, there is a Caspian Sea, which is actually a lake.
Such changes have led to the need for a thorough study of the region. As it turns out, the southern coast includes numerous caves. At the same time, scientists note that people lived in these areas approximately 75,000 years ago.
The first mention of the reservoir and the Massagetae tribe that inhabited the region can be found in Herodotus. At the same time, it was established that other tribes lived in the region: Saki, Talysh.
Handwritten documents indicate that the Russians carried out navigational operations to the Caspian Sea from the 9th – 10th centuries. The presence of such official information indicates that the lake has been attracting increased attention from the very beginning.

is the largest lake on planet Earth. A distinctive feature of the reservoir is the instability of the hydrological regime, which is caused by specific influences:

climatic
geological
hydrological

On the territory of the Caspian basin, special processes take place that gradually change the lake. Scientists note that the water balance changes quite often, and changes occur over different periods of time (tens, hundreds, thousands of years).
Changes include:

level with maximum value
temperature regime

At the same time, researchers describe the current state of the Caspian Sea, allowing the inhabitants of the planet to understand how the largest lake in the world differs from many other bodies of water.

Water temperature

Temperature conditions fluctuate in the following ranges:

Winter. In the southern part - +10 - +13 degrees Celsius, in the northern part - below 0 degrees Celsius
Summer. During this season, temperatures can rise to +25 - +28 degrees Celsius

At depth, the water temperature is about +5 degrees Celsius.
In fact, water temperature is subject to significant latitudinal changes, which primarily manifest themselves in the cold season. The difference is about +10 degrees, which is a significant indicator. In fact, these indicators do not become prohibitive: in shallow water areas where the depth is less than 25 meters, the annual difference can reach even twenty-five degrees Celsius.
At the same time, we can note the average differences:
The West Coast is generally a couple Celsius warmer than the East Coast;
Open and closed parts also differ in their temperature conditions. At the same time, external influences lead to warming of up to four degrees Celsius.
Researchers note that the temperature of the reservoir may change over time.

Features of the climate of the Caspian Sea basin

The climate of the region in which the Caspian Sea is located encompasses 3 directions at once, which causes a significant difference in the temperature regime in different times of the year.
In winter, the air temperature varies from minus 8 degrees Celsius in the north to plus 10 degrees Celsius in the south. Thus, the maximum difference can reach 22 degrees.
At the same time, in summer time the temperature ranges from +24 to +27 degrees Celsius, as a result of which a difference of a couple of tens is excluded. In the entire history of observations, the maximum air temperature was +44 degrees, and this important event took place on the east coast.
There is an average of 200 millimeters of precipitation per year, but the figures for different parts of the region vary significantly:
East End always characterized by dry weather. As a result, the indicator does not exceed millimeters;
The southwestern region boasts 1,700 millimeters.
It should be noted that water can evaporate quite actively from the surface of the lake. This has a positive impact on the climate of the region. Successful evaporation of water ensures proper water circulation, thereby preventing large fluctuations in humidity levels.
The average annual wind speed in the region ranges from three to seven meters per second. In this case, the northern direction is predominant. It should be noted that in the cold months of the year, wind gusts sometimes reach forty meters per second.
The windiest areas are traditionally considered to be:

Absheron Peninsula
Makhachkala
Derbent

It is in this area that the highest windiness rates can be recorded. The region's climate features are largely determined by the influence of the Caspian Sea.

Currents

The Northern Caspian Sea plays the most important role in shaping the climate of the region. In this case, the main direction of the flow occurs from the northern side of the reservoir.

Salinity of water

Salinity ranges from 0.3% (the minimum value). This characteristic is recorded near the mouth of the Volga. The salinity indicator suggests that the Northern Caspian Sea is a desalinated sea basin. At the same time, in the southeast the salinity indicator reaches 13%. The maximum rate is recorded in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay, where it already reaches 300%.

Lake relief

The Caspian Sea has a specific bottom topography, which is divided into three types:
Shelf;
Continental slope;
Deep-sea depressions.
How were all the above types of relief distributed?
The shelf starts from the coastline and extends to a depth of 100 meters. Moreover, below its border the continental slope begins, the depth of which, depending on the region of the lake, ranges from 500 to 750 meters;
The coast has low-lying terrain. At the same time, the banks have gentle slopes and rugged places;
The Middle Caspian includes a mountainous coast, which has practically no rugged shape;
The eastern part is elevated;
The Southern Caspian has mountainous areas. At the same time, the coastline is more rugged.
The Caspian Sea and its relief belong to a zone of increased seismicity. It should be noted that in the region in which the lake is located, eruptions often occur. mud volcanoes located in southern point reservoir

Characteristics of the reservoir

Historians and scientists indicate that the area and volume of water can change significantly. Both factors have a major impact on water level fluctuations.
What examples can you give? For example, when a reservoir rises, it can account for up to 78 and a half thousand cubic kilometers. Moreover, in this case, the volume indicator reaches about 44% of all lake water reserves.
The maximum depth is 1025 meters. This indicator was recorded in the South Caspian depression. It should be noted that the Caspian Sea ranks third in depth. The leader is Baikal with an indicator of 1620 meters, as well as Tanganyika with 1435 meters. It is important to note that the northern part is a shallow section of the reservoir, because the maximum depth never exceeds twenty-five meters.

Fluctuation of water in a pond

Historical studies confirm that lake water levels can fluctuate significantly. At the same time, scientists and historians record the features of changes in water levels.
Throughout the history of the reservoir, frequent changes in its characteristics have been observed. It should be noted that in the Middle Ages the highest levels of water height were recorded. Despite this, the process is continuous, the tendency for the water level in the lake to decrease and increase constantly replaces each other, which indicates circulation and the preservation of water balance. Any recorded indicator cannot be final.
Measurements have been taken on a regular basis since 1837, with researchers using special instruments for regular checks. Scientists note that the trend towards a decrease and increase in the overall water level changed many times, and these changes occurred at different intervals.
Serious fluctuations are caused by a whole chain of factors, which are divided into the following areas. Researchers note that in the future, fluctuations in the water of the Caspian Sea should continue, but at the same time the safety of the reservoir is guaranteed.

Features of water balance cycles

Surface currents determine complex cyclones that replace each other. Significant differences are noted in each part of the Caspian Sea. It should be noted that the lake is a turbulent body of water. For example, changes atmospheric pressure and directions, wind speeds always lead to fluctuations in water levels. The changes in characteristics are most pronounced in the shallow part of the reservoir, because surges during stormy weather can even reach four meters.
The instability of the lake means that the climate pattern is also subject to serious changes.
The water balance is always determined by the characteristics of the flow and atmospheric influences, the volume of evaporating liquid from the surface of the reservoir. At the same time, the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay belongs to the discharge part of the reservoir. The most important role is played by the Volga runoff, which belongs to the incoming part. The flow of the Volga can reach about 80% of the influx of river waters for the formation of the Caspian Sea.

Water composition

The Caspian Sea has a closed structure and unique composition. At the same time, serious differences in proportions are noted for waters in areas that are under the influence of continental runoff.
Constant water fluctuations and changes in water balance prevent chloride levels from rising.
This includes regular increases in the following components:

Carbonates
Calcium
Sulfates

The three components listed above occupy an important place in any river waters. The composition of water also changes under the influence of complex cyclic factors.

The largest lake is usually called the Caspian Sea and many are interested in the question: where is the largest lake in the world? This body of water is located in the part of the world where Europe and Asia meet. Thus, the lake belongs to Eurasia.
The water area is divided into three large parts, which have the characteristics of the climatic region, the unique characteristics of the reservoir and its water balance:

The Northern Caspian Sea occupies 25% of the territory
The Middle Caspian has 36%
The South Caspian has 39% of the total installed area

It is important to note that the reservoir is characterized by serious fluctuations in depth. For example, the northern part accounts for up to 22 meters, and the southern part – up to 1025 meters. Moreover, a depth of less than one meter is recorded in 20% of the Northern Caspian Sea. Despite such fluctuations, the Caspian still ranks third in the world in depth.
The large size of the Caspian Sea means that as many as five countries belonging to Eurasia touch the lake along their borders:

Russia
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan

This information proves that the lake actually occupies an important place on the world map.
Caspian basin
Four more states are included in the Caspian basin: Armenia, Georgia, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan. Each country has direct access to the Caspian Sea.
The basin includes more than one hundred and thirty rivers, with the Volga being the largest. It is the Volga River that connects the Caspian Sea and the World Ocean. The Volga and all its river tributaries are regulated by existing reservoirs, which are formed by hydroelectric dams.
The Caspian basin also includes additional rivers that guarantee the maintenance of the water balance of the world's largest lake. At the same time, the most important remains the Volga, which flows through Europe.
It should be noted that the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea can no longer boast of a developed hydrographic network. The Emba and Ural rivers flow into Kazakhstan. There is one watercourse in Turkmenistan that is not permanent, but still worth noting: the Atrek River. Iran is distinguished by its connection to the Caspian Sea and several rivers. Despite the fact that connections still exist in east direction, their total length turns out to be significantly less.

Cities of the Caspian Sea

The largest port city located on the Caspian Sea is the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku. The city is located in the south of the Absheron Peninsula. It should be noted that in 2010, 2,500,000 people lived in Baku.
The following are also associated with the Caspian Sea: big cities:
Sumgayit, Lankaran (Azerbaijan);
Turkmenbashi (Turkmenistan);
Aktau, Atyrau (Kazakhstan);
Kaspiysk, Makhachkala, Astrakhan (Russia).
This geographical position, and, accordingly, the relationship with rivers, countries and cities, indicates that the Caspian Sea is actually the most big lake in the world.
Features of the development of the Caspian Sea
The economic development of the Caspian Sea has been of interest to society since ancient times. Historical information confirms this. Currently, people have achieved good results.

Features of the story

Research into the reservoir began for the first time in 285 BC. At the same time, the corresponding events were carried out by the Greeks. After the first attempt, the work was postponed for a long time.
Nowadays, efforts have begun thanks to Peter the Great, who organized an expedition in 1714 for almost a whole year. Hydrographic research was then carried out in the 1720s with the help of Russian and foreign researchers.
At first XIX century The opportunity for instrumental survey has already appeared, thanks to which it was possible to thoroughly analyze the features of the geography of the reservoir and the region.
In 1866, 50 years of research began. The main objective was the desire to enrich knowledge regarding hydrobiology and hydrology.
The most active research began in the late 1890s. At the same time, Soviet geologists made every effort to understand the peculiarities of fluctuations in the level of the reservoir, study the water balance and find oil.
Numerous expeditions made it possible to begin using the Caspian Sea for the benefit of the entire world society.

Development results

How can the Caspian Sea be used for the benefit of the people?
Gas and oil production. Numerous deposits with a special purpose are being developed on the territory of the Caspian Sea. To date, oil and gas condensate resources amount to about twenty billion tons, and half of this volume is oil. The extraction of valuable minerals has been carried out since the 1820s, but it was possible to reach an industrial level only in the second half of the 19th century.
The Caspian shelf, which is included in the water basin, is used for the extraction of salt, stone, sand, clay, and limestone.
The developed network allows the use of the Caspian Sea for shipping.
The lake has a rich water world. This is used for the active development of fisheries. It should be noted that more than 90% of sturgeon can be caught in this region. Currently successfully developed fishing, extraction of valuable caviar. At the same time, seal fishing is also developing at a rapid pace.
Recreational resources are another advantage associated with the Caspian region. Special water composition and unique balance, beneficial climate allow the successful development of a number of resorts, but at the same time, the economic, political and religious characteristics of the eastern states do not allow the full use of the recreational resources of the Caspian region, due to the unique characteristics of the sea-lake.
The Caspian Sea is the largest and most important lake in the world, which justifies its position and increased attention to itself.

TOP 10 deepest lakes in the world

If you didn’t already know which lake is the deepest in the world and where the deepest lake in the world is located, then you should check out the TOP 10. Baikal is a legendary lake. It has been written about in various sources; the reservoir is extremely loved by travelers and researchers. Every year, amazing discoveries are made on Lake Baikal, expeditions are conducted, and research is carried out. This lake holds an impressive number of different world records.
The deepest lake is considered one of the oldest on the planet, and it is also the deepest in the world. The average depth is 730 meters, and the maximum elevation is 1637 meters. Since 1996, Baikal has been on the UNESCO list as a world heritage site.
The origin of the lake is still debated today. Scientists have not reached a consensus on the age of the reservoir, which is estimated at approximately 25-35 million years. That is why Baikal is considered a unique reservoir, because other glacial lakes “live” on average 10-15 thousand years, gradually becoming swampy.
A distinctive feature of the deepest lake in the world is the fact that it contains about 19% of the world's fresh water reserves. This is an impressive amount, which is not found in any other body of water in the world. The transparency of the lake also attracts attention. Inhabitants or various objects can be seen at a depth of up to 40 meters. At the same time, the water contains a minimum amount of mineral salts, on average the value reaches 100 mg per liter. All this makes it possible to use Baikal water as distilled water.
In total, there are about 2630 species of inhabitants of both plants and animals. However, most of them are endemic. In other words, you can only meet them here. The abundance of living organisms can be explained by the impressive oxygen content in the water column. Among all animals, the golomyanka is distinguished. This fish contains less than 30% fat. The epishura crustacean is also a surprising inhabitant, of which there are over 300 species. Among the mammals, it is worth highlighting the seal, which is called the Baikal seal.
It is interesting that the water reserves in Lake Baikal are so impressive that they could supply all the inhabitants of the world for 40 long years. Scientists are still doing research today Baikal ice, which is fraught with many mysteries. Its distinctive feature is its unusual shape. It can be found exclusively on Lake Baikal. If you see the lake from space, you will notice dark rings in the pictures. Their origin is currently unknown, although scientists are making a lot of guesses. Answering the question which lake is the deepest in the world, there is no doubt that it is Baikal.

All the deepest lakes in the world are of interest, and Tanganyika is a special lake that has a personal status in Africa. Its location is known to local residents throughout the mainland. A distinctive feature of Lake Tanganyika is its amazing fauna and flora, as well as its impressive dimensions. The waters of the lake are located in the East African Rift, which is a narrow valley with an impressive length. The crescent shape and proximity to the mountains make the area surprisingly picturesque.
Lake Tanganyika feeds the great Congo River. This is done through the Lukuga River. However, Tanganyika does not belong to the Congo Basin. The lake holds one of the world records as the longest freshwater body of water. Moreover, it is located above the sea at an altitude of 773 meters. The total length reaches 673 kilometers, and the width at its largest point is 72 kilometers. The depth of the reservoir is quite impressive and is 1470 meters, which makes the lake the second deepest in the world. Throughout the entire reservoir, the average depth reaches 570 meters.
The volume of water in Lake Tanganyika is 18.9 thousand cubic meters, which also puts the lake in second place in the world ranking. The total area exceeds 32 thousand square kilometers. Coastline has an impressive length and is 1828 kilometers. The reservoir basin also includes streams and rivers. In general, Lake Tanganyika is often called the “African pearl”, because it owns great amount world records.
It is surrounded on different sides by four countries. This is Zambia Democratic Republic Congo, Burundi, Tanzania. Communication with Atlantic Ocean also available via the Congo and Lukuga rivers. Interestingly, Tanganyika has an impressive age of 10-12 million years. Over the entire impressive period of history, the lake has never dried up. As a result, an unusual underwater world was formed, the likes of which are not found in any corner of the planet.
There is no full circulation of water in the lake; the reason is the impressive depth, as well as the absence of bottom currents. As a result, a high amount of hydrogen sulfide is concentrated in the lower layers of water. Already at a depth of 200 meters, the so-called “dead zone” begins. There is no life here due to the lack of oxygen. There is an impressive variety of fish species near the surface of the water. There are especially many cichlids here. They are present in 250 species, of which about 98% live exclusively in this lake.

When answering the question which lake is the largest in the world or where is the largest lake in the world, you will be somewhat surprised. The Caspian Sea is an unusual body of water with an unusual name. In fact, this sea has no connection with the World Ocean; it is located at a considerable distance from it. In the north and east the sea borders the desert area, south coast represented by lowlands, and the western one - mountain ranges Greater Caucasus. The reservoir is surrounded on all sides by land, which is why it is called a “sea-lake.”
A distinctive feature is the different bottom topography. In the northern part there is shallow water, in the central and southern part there are depressions and an underwater threshold. Interesting feature it can also be said that the Caspian Sea is located in more than one climatic zone. Northern part The sea is represented by a continental climate, the western - temperate, the eastern - desert, the southwestern - subtropical humid.
Similar climatic feature leads to the fact that the sea “behaves” differently at different times of the year. In winter, strong winds and low temperatures prevail here, reaching a maximum of 8-10 degrees below zero in the air. In spring, northwest winds reign here. In summer, air masses circulate insignificantly; near the coast, the wind may increase. Temperatures in summer can rise to a maximum of 27-28 degrees above zero. We can conclude that winter on the Caspian Sea is cold and windy, and summer is windy and hot.
The volume of river flow varies significantly throughout the year. It reaches its maximum in spring and early summer. Spring floods may occur. Today, the water resources of the lake are actively used by people, reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations are being built. All this has led to the fact that the water level in the Caspian Sea has dropped somewhat today.
The lake is mainly fed by river water. Among the rivers that flow into the Caspian Sea are the Ural, Volga and Terek. It is these three rivers that bring about 90% of the river flow. About 9% of the rivers flow from the western side and only 1% from the rivers of the Iranian coast. There are also tidal waves in the lake, which are noticeable especially in November and December. It is during this period of time that sea level can increase by an average of 2-3 meters. In summer, sea level remains virtually unchanged.
An impressive number of fish species live here. As a result, fishing and fish farming are actively developing here. In particular, there is a lot of sturgeon fish, and oil has recently been discovered in the Caspian Sea.

San Martin- a body of water located in the state of Santa Cruz in Argentina. San Martin, like other deepest lakes in the world, amazes with its impressive dimensions, which makes it one of the largest in the world. On the continent South America it is also the deepest. The lake occupies the territory between Chile and Argentina, located right on the border. Interestingly, the reservoir also has another name for its Argentine part. He was given a "name" in honor of José de San Martin, who is a national hero.
The area of the reservoir reaches 1010 square meters, and the maximum depth is 836 meters. The shape of the lake is uneven and “ragged”; it is additionally represented by eight branches. The main tributary is the Mayer River, which flows into Lake San Martin and the Chico and O'Higgins glaciers, and there are also small streams. Only one river, Pascua, flows out of the reservoir.
Around the lake there are picturesque views of the pampas, and also amazing snowy peaks. The area is distinguished by its rich flora and fauna, especially many species of birds and animals. A huge number of trout live here, so sport fishing competitions are often held. Lake San Martin is amazingly clean, the water in it can change its hue from green to deep blue.
Nearby there is the town of El Chaltén, which is called tourist center region. Everything here is arranged so that travelers can relax and explore the lake comfortably. The town has information centers, travel agencies, souvenir shops, and camping-type hotels. Additionally, there is the opportunity to choose a walking tour along the coast of San Martin. Also offered are boat trips and extreme trips to the snowy peaks of the nearby Andes mountains.
There are also full-fledged attractions on the coast of Lake San Martin. These include the luxurious Nahuel Huapi estate. Guests of the lake can take time to explore the grounds of the estate. For this purpose, horseback riding tours are offered, which give incredible pleasure from the trip.
Lake San Martin reaches 1058 square kilometers. The reservoir is located above sea level, at an altitude of 250 meters. The coastline is quite impressive and reaches 525 kilometers in length. The lake is considered the deepest in America. Here you can always meet tourists and local residents, photographers and artists who come here to admire the picturesque and magnificent views of the territory.

One of the largest African bodies of water and deepest lakes world, called Nyasa. It was located in East Africa in the Great Rift Valley. The length of the lake reaches 560 kilometers, and its width can be a maximum of 80 kilometers. The depth is quite impressive and reaches 704 meters. This allows Lake Nyasa to take fifth place in the world ranking of the deepest bodies of water. The reservoir was discovered in 1616 by Bucarro travelers from Portugal.
The name of the reservoir is quite standard. It was chosen in the Yao language, and in translation it means “lake”. Nyasa is located on the territory of several countries - Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, occupying their borders. A distinctive feature is the coastal topography, which is represented by spatial beaches and steep shores. The plains in the northwestern part of Lake Nyasa have special expanses, where the plains amaze with their picturesqueness.
At the same place the Songwe River flows into the lake. In addition, the reservoir feeds 14 rivers, among which are the Bua, Ruhuhu, Lilongwe, and Rukuru. The only river that flows from the reservoir is the river with the sonorous name Shire. The water of Lake Nyasa has different temperatures, ranging from warm to cool. The lake amazes with its rich fauna, so fishing is active here. In total, it contributes about 4% of Malawi's GDP. Nyasa is home to a huge number of different species of fish, as well as crocodiles and whooper eagles. All this emphasizes the uniqueness of the lake. Crocodiles and whooper eagles hunt fish.
Lake Nyasa is a natural attraction that amazes with its picturesqueness and originality. This is precisely why it attracts the attention of travelers from all over the world. The reservoir itself ranks third in Africa and is among the five deepest in the world. Today, shipping is developed here; the main ports include Karonga, Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkota Kota, Bandawe, Mwaya, and Metangula.
The Lake Nyasa basin is sparsely populated. The majority of people live around south coast Nyasa. Western and north coast has a very sparse population with little economic activity. There is a hydroelectric power station on the outflowing Shira River. It becomes the main source of electricity. Very often the country's energy sector suffers due to the instability of the lake. The greatest shortage was observed in 1997, when the lake level was at its lowest.

Kyrgyzstan- an amazingly picturesque country that abounds in luxurious territories. Lake Issyk-Kul especially attracts attention. This reservoir is considered one of the largest in the world. Interestingly, in terms of water transparency, this reservoir is in second position in the world ranking, second only to Lake Baikal. Issyk-Kul is considered the pearl of both Kyrgyzstan itself and Central Asia. The lake is salty and mild winters prevent the reservoir from freezing even in winter. A distinctive feature is the amazing surrounding beauty, which attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world.
Lake Issyk-Kul is located in the Northern Tien Shan, occupying the territory between two ridges. Their maximum height is 5200 meters in height. On their slopes on the northern side there are spruce forests, and on the southern side there is steppe vegetation. The lake is fed by rivers, of which there are about 80 in total. Among the main ones are Zhuuku, Zhyr-galan, Tyup, Ak-Terek, Tong and some others. Most rivers are fed by glaciers.
Interestingly, the appearance of the river looks unexpected from space. The astronauts themselves claim this. Along with the Great Wall of China and the pyramids of Cheops, Lake Issyk-Kul is distinguished. From space at such an impressive height, it resembles a human eye.
Not a single river flows out of the reservoir. This leads to the fact that the water in the river is salty, as minerals accumulate. However, in terms of salinity, the reservoir is significantly inferior to sea water, on average five and a half times. However, the type of mineralization is considered quite valuable, which belongs to the chloride-sulfate-sodium-magnesium type.
The water is permeated with oxygen, which makes it light and transparent. It is unusually reminiscent of the ocean or sea. There are many different legends associated with this lake. One of them says that at the bottom of the reservoir there are ruins ancient city, who was distinguished by his beautiful appearance. The color of the water is unusual. It can change shades from soft blue to dark blue.
Lake Issyk-Kul has an impressive history. The first mention dates back to the chronicles of the second century BC. They call the reservoir Zhe-Hai, which means “warm sea” in Chinese. Most likely, this name was given due to the fact that the lake does not freeze. Scientific study of the flora and fauna of the reservoir, as well as the composition of the water, began in the 19th century. Many scientists were so interested in the nature of this place that they bequeathed to bury themselves on its coast.

Great Slave Lake is an amazing body of water that amazes with its spaciousness and picturesqueness. The name Slave is of unknown origin and most experts are inclined to believe that it was not given to him by chance. The reservoir itself is located in Canada and in its dimensions it can easily compete with the most large lakes world, including the American Great Lakes.
The depth of the large Slave Lake is about 614 meters. For the North American continent, this figure is considered the maximum. The reservoir ranks seventh in the world rankings. Navigation is organized on Slave Lake in the summer, but in winter it is under ice. It is so strong that cars can easily drive on it. Until recently, the road on frozen ice was the only one until a full-fledged highway was built.
Great Slave Lake is completely covered with ice for seven to eight months of the year, starting in November and ending in June. Interestingly, the lake itself appeared during global cooling. For most of the year it reminds of this time. A distinctive feature is the picturesque surrounding area, which attracts the attention of tourists. The shores are decorated with dense tundra forests. The seething streams of water that can be seen between the rocks look impressive.
Gold diggers are usually attracted to northern shores reservoirs. It will be of interest to adventure lovers who dream of learning about the formation of the city of Yellowknife. It arose precisely during the gold rush. Before this, the coast of the lake was inhabited exclusively by Indians, namely the Slave tribe. It is interesting that the name of the tribe translated into Russian means “slave” or “slave”.
It was from this tribe that the name of the lake came about, as most researchers believe. However, after lengthy studies of this fact, it was discovered that the Slave tribe had nothing in common with slaves. Representatives of the tribe are brave, courageous and strong people. Today the tribe consists of about ten thousand people. They all live on the coast of this reservoir.
In length, the Great Slave Lake reaches 480 kilometers, and in width the reservoir reaches from 19 to 225 kilometers. Several rivers flow into the lake, in particular the Slave, Snowdrift, Hay, Tolson, and Yellowknife. Only one river flows out of the lake - the Mackenzie. The area of the reservoir reaches 28.5 thousand square kilometers with a volume of over 1,500 cubic meters.

– one of the most amazing natural sites in the world. The formation of this reservoir occurred after the eruption of the Mount Mazama volcano. This happened over seven thousand years ago. A distinctive feature of the lake is its deep blue hue and the incredible beauty of the surrounding landscape. This place is considered one of the most picturesque in the world. Not every lake evokes such a storm of emotions as Crater.
The depth of Crater Lake reaches 594 meters. This explains its rich dark blue hue. The cleanliness of the surrounding area and its environmental friendliness are also attractive. Here you can often meet tourists who come to admire the beauty. You can also see photographers and artists trying to capture the picturesqueness.
The history of the lake began about twelve thousand years ago. It was then that people first began to live here and saw the volcanic eruption. The result was Crater Lake. It was unknown to Europeans for quite a long time. It was first discovered by John Fremont, who led an expedition of 1843-1846. Gradually they began to explore the lake, and they found a lake here. It changed its name several times. The modern one was consolidated only in 1869.
Many researchers wonder why the water appeared at the top of the mountain. Most experts are inclined to believe that this has been happening for centuries. This happened gradually by filling the lake with snow and rain. The lake is a bowl of a volcano.
Interestingly, the lake has many different attractions. One of them is a ghost ship. This is an island that reaches 48 meters in height. It is formed from volcanic lava and resembles a ship in its silhouette. Another attraction is Halman Peak. This is a volcanic cone, whose age exceeds 70 thousand years. It was named after the researcher who first discovered this lake.
Also worth highlighting is the Sorcerer's Island, located on the island. His name is given to him in honor of the wizard's hat, which he resembles. It is extremely beautiful and reaches 233 meters in height. The Pinnacles, which are the result of volcanic gases and erosion, also stand out. Crater Lake today is part of the park. Everything has been created here for the convenience of tourists to provide them with a comfortable exploration of the picturesque area.

Lakes are extremely important for our planet, as they contain an impressive amount of fresh water. Lake Buenos Aires and Matano are considered one of the most interesting and attention-grabbing lakes. Matano is a lake located in Indonesia. In its own country it is an important source of fresh water. The lake is located in the south of the island of Sulawesi. The area of the reservoir is impressive and reaches 164 square kilometers, and its depth is 590 meters.
A distinctive feature of Lake Buenos Aires and Matano is the crystal clarity of the water. Those who have been here claim that you can easily see everything that happens at a depth of 20-25 meters. An interesting feature is the unique flora. This is where an impressive number of fish live, whose ancestors swam here several thousand years ago.
The picturesque area around the lake is also attractive. It is represented by mountains and tropical forests. For the convenience of vacationers, beaches with snow-white sand are organized here. Diving is also offered on the lake. A huge number of divers gather here who dream of admiring the beauty underwater world. An extraordinary feature of Matano is the presence of two levels of water column. The first has a high percentage of oxygen content, and the second lacks sulfates and contains iron in excess. Many scientists compare this composition with the oceanic one, which is quite atypical for lakes.
Lake Buenos Aires and Matano is located on the border of Chile and Argentina. It has the same depth as Matano, reaching 590 meters. The total area of the reservoir is 1850 square kilometers. The origin and feeding of the lake is glacial, and it is located directly in the Patagonian Andes. In South America, Buenos Aires is considered the deepest body of water, and ranks ninth in the world rankings.
The main feature is the excellent ecology and crystal clear water. Also, Lake Buenos Aires and Matano are notable for the presence marble caves. They have amazing beautiful view, which attracts tourists from all over the world. The color of the water, which consists of shades of turquoise and emerald, also looks interesting.
There are an impressive number of cities and towns near the lake. This is due to excellent climate and the picturesqueness of the territory. Excursions are often organized here so that tourists have the opportunity to admire the magnificent appearance of the marble caves. You can only see the beauty in person, as photographs cannot convey it.

– an amazing body of water that attracts attention. It has not yet been fully studied, so official parameters have not been established. Today it is believed that the depth of the lake reaches 514 meters, but this is not an accurate indicator. However, it also allows Hornindalsvatnet to be the deepest lake in both Norway and all of Europe. The lake occupies tenth position in the world ranking.
In the 90s of the 20th century, the Telenor company began studying the lake. Previously, it was the official telephone company of the country. Telenor planned to lay optical fibers directly along the bottom of Lake Hornindalsvatnet. At this moment, the depth was declared to be 612 meters. If this figure is officially confirmed, the lake will take seventh position in the world ranking.
Lake Hornindalsvatnet has no other outstanding characteristics. Its water volume reaches 12 cubic meters at total area surface of 50 square meters. These are quite modest dimensions even for Norway. The lake ranks 19th in the country in terms of volume and area.
The location of the lake is of interest. It is located in the Norwegian province in western Norway. This is the Atlantic coast in the county of Sogn ok Fjordane. Hornindalsvatnet is located 53 meters above the sea, and Hornindal is located on its shore. This is the administrative center of the commune. The town is quite small and has only a few hotels.
A distinctive feature of the lake is its crystal clear water. Throughout Scandinavia, it is Lake Hornindalsvatnet that is considered the cleanest lake. This is explained by the fact that the water supply of the reservoir is not connected with rivers. The main source of food is glaciers. Here everyone can go fishing, because the fauna of the reservoir is truly unique. You can find quite rare varieties of fish that are not found in other bodies of water in Norway. However, their fishing is not prohibited.
The landscape is also noteworthy, distinguished by its beauty and picturesqueness. Many consider this place to be the pearl of the country, so excursions are often organized here. Also, a Marathon is held on the lake every year in mid-summer, in which an impressive number of people take part. This is a race over an impressive distance, reaching 42 kilometers and 195 meters. If you wish, you can simply relax here, swim and sunbathe on the beach. You can also try your hand at rowing, which is developed on Hornindalsvatnet.

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Mariana Trench

Any high school student, when asked about the deepest place in the World Ocean, will answer without hesitation that the greatest depth is in the Mariana Trench or Mariana Trench and is 11,022 meters. Meanwhile, such a seemingly simple question has a completely unobvious answer. According to the latest data from scientists, firstly, the depth Mariana Trench somewhat less, and secondly, the Mariana Trench is not the deepest ocean depth.

The deepest known on Earth geographical objects Until now, the Mariana Trench or Mariana Trench was considered to be the deepest oceanic trench in the western Pacific Ocean.

Mariana Trench depth data

On many Russian maps the value of 11,022 meters obtained by the Soviet oceanographic vessel Vityaz during the 1957 expedition is still given.

Although, according to the latest data from 2009, when the American deep-sea vehicle Nereus sank to the bottom of the depression, instruments recorded a depth of 10,902 meters. To the surprise of scientists, in the abyss itself they discovered organisms living there - sea cucumbers, belonging to the class of invertebrate animals such as echinoderms.

The Cayman Trench turned out to be even deeper

The Mariana Trench, 10,902 meters deep, is not the deepest place in the world

And today, researchers were even more surprised when they not only discovered another deepest place on Earth, but also unprecedented animals living in it. British researchers, using a remotely controlled small submarine, discovered the deepest volcanic crater on our planet, reports Rosbalt. The top of the discovered crater is located five kilometers below the surface Caribbean Sea, in the Cayman Trench area. James Cameron's science-fiction thriller "The Abyss" was filmed there.

The Cayman Trench in the Caribbean is the deepest place in the world

For those who haven't seen this film, let's remember the plot. US Navy nuclear submarine Montana nuclear weapons on board crashes at great depths. The Ministry of the Navy is asking for help from specialists at an underwater research station operating near the site of the submarine accident. With the support of military intelligence, researchers must find out the possible cause of the tragedy and neutralize the nuclear warheads. But underwater they discover strange creatures extraterrestrial origin. And the director of the film, James Cameron, looked into the water. This abyss, indeed, turned out to be not lifeless.

According to an official report, the water temperature in this crater can reach 400 degrees Celsius, but the high pressure (500 times the planet's atmospheric pressure) prevents the water from boiling. Despite these indicators, many species of animals are found in the volcanic crater. Scientists do not rule out that the uncharted depths of boiling waters may hide animals that humans have never seen before.

On the Internet you can often come across the question: “What is the deepest place in the world?” Fans in general, and fans of fascinating facts in the “” style, will be interested in this post.

The deepest sea

It is reliably known that the deepest sea in the world is the Philippine Sea. Its depth reaches 10,994 ± 40 meters. The average depth is 4108 km.

Deepest lake

The deepest lake in the world is Pride. Its depth is 1642 meters. This site has a whole article dedicated to this unique body of water.

Be sure to find and read - you won’t regret it. Let’s just say briefly that Baikal is the largest natural reservoir of fresh water on Earth.

The deepest ocean

If we talk about the deepest ocean, then this is the Pacific Ocean. Its greatest depth is the same as in the Philippine Sea, that is, 10,994 m. The average depth is 3,984 m.

The uniqueness of the Pacific Ocean lies in the fact that it is the largest in area. It is 178,684 million square kilometers.

Deepest depression

But what is the deepest place in the world? We have already talked about this in detail and provided the most interesting photographs.

So, the deepest place in the world is this (or the Mariana Trench). Its depth is 10,994 m ± 40 m. And the deepest point of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep. But more on this.

An attentive reader will probably have noticed that both the Philippine Sea and the Mariana Trench have the same maximum depth.

The fact is that all three of these objects converge at one point, which is the deepest in the world. See how it looks on the map.

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