Non-standard accommodation facilities. The most unusual hotels in the world. Accommodation in parador hotels

Traditional hotels quite suitable for a standard trip, or for a not quite standard one - as a place to spend the night, after which you can continue to explore cultural sites, nothing more. But there are some hotels that are an attraction in themselves. It was these types of accommodation facilities that the travel magazine Revista Viajes focused on when publishing a list...

liubava ermosina August 25, 2009
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Traditional hotels are quite suitable for a standard trip, or for a not-so-standard one - as a place to spend the night, after which you can continue exploring cultural sites, nothing more. But there are some hotels that are an attraction in themselves. It was precisely such accommodation facilities that the travel magazine Revista Viajes focused on when publishing a list of the most unusual hotels in the world.

1. Das Park, Austria
In the center Austrian city Linz is home to the Das Park Hotel, the creator of which brought sewage pipes to the river bank, improved them and now invites everyone to spend the night in them. The rooms are designed for two people, but they do not have any amenities except a bed, bedside table and lamp. The main thing is that the price for staying in this hotel is set by the guest.

2. Karosta, Latvia
In addition to its name, the hotel is notable for being located in a former military prison in the city of Karosta in Latvia. This is a place where guests are treated like prisoners. Fans of extreme pastimes should like the hotel.

3. Dog Bark Park, USA
The hotel is located in the American state of Idaho, and will apparently appeal to lovers of Beagle dogs. Guests claim that it is best to sleep in a small bedroom located right in the dog's face. To prevent guests from getting bored, various educational master classes have been created for them: how to bake bread, make soap, improve your photography skills and even how to write a business plan.

4. Hotel de Glace, Canada
The hotel is located in the Canadian city of Quebec, and is notable for the fact that it consists entirely of ice. The Hôtel de Glace opens its doors to visitors from January to March.

5. Capsule Inn, Japan
The capsule hotel in Tokyo offers you more than good capsules instead of rooms. The hotel provides public lounges and bathrooms, but visitors live and sleep in capsules, which are made from recycled plastic and equipped with all the necessary amenities: TV, radio, lights and alarm clock. However, staying at this hotel is not recommended for people suffering from claustrophobia.

6. Hotel De Vrouwe van Stavoren, Netherlands
The entire hotel "De Vrouwe van Stavoren" was built from four empty French Beaujolais barrels with a volume of 14,500 liters. Each barrel is a separate room for two people with standard furnishings. In addition to everything else, the barrel bedroom has a bathroom and a living room. Visitors from all over the world come to the attractive northern port town of Stavoren to stay in one of these barrel rooms.
One night in such a hotel costs from 74 to 119 euros, with a discount of up to 75%, depending on the season. If you come in winter, one barrel room will cost you just 18 euros per night, cheaper than most hotels. Breakfast is included in the price; moreover, you are allowed to bring your dog.

7. Utter Inn, Sweden
In the underwater hotel, guests literally sleep with the fish. People are taken to the little red houses on inflatable boats and left alone to explore the depths of the lake and spend the night there. At all unusual hotel underwater will become more of an underwater adventure than a simple place to spend the night. The price of such an adventure starts from $1,750 for a week full of unity with nature.

8. Lighthouse, Netherlands
The hotel is located at Harlingen Lighthouse. The only room in this accommodation boasts a magnificent panoramic view, while not every expensive and exclusive hotel has a completely panoramic 360-degree view from its windows.

Assessing the compliance of hotels and other accommodation facilities with a category includes an assessment of the hotel and other accommodation facilities as a whole and its number of rooms.

The main means of accommodation in the tourism sector is the hotel.

Hotels that offer bed and breakfast. These can be small houses with a few rooms, or small commercial buildings (20 to 30 rooms). The owner of this hotel usually lives in the same house. Sometimes hotels only offer bed and breakfast. All other types of services are missing. This explains low price accommodation in such a hotel.

Alternative ways to accommodate guests. Mobile recreation parks, campsites, and recreational transport parks are related to hotels, as they offer overnight accommodation. But although there are similarities with the hotel, these alternative ways Guest accommodations are allocated separately.

Parks and campgrounds are very strong competitors to regular hotels as they target a wider segment of the market. Many government and National parks offer campsites and other accommodations that compete directly with hotels. Their advantage is that they are located in the park area and, as a rule, are very cheap.

Staying in hostels is a relatively young phenomenon in tourism, which appeared in the 20th century and received last years widespread, especially in Western Europe and America. Because of their cheap prices, hostels are especially popular among young people - often students who do not have sufficient funds to spend the night in regular hotels. The essence of hostels can be described by the following formula: minus comfort, plus cheapness. In hostels, up to 10 (and sometimes more) strangers can live in one room, who will have to use shared toilets, showers and a kitchen - there are no separate ones. The first hostels were student dormitories or schools that were rented out during the holidays. Until now, many hostels are located in buildings of former schools and dormitories.

Often in hostels, breakfast is either included in the price or offered for an additional fee. In any case, having a shared microwave and refrigerator for food is mandatory. Also hot and cold water always present. It is worth taking into account the fact that hostels have much stricter rules, unlike standard hotels. So, in some places you can’t smoke, in others you can’t come, for example, after 12 at night, or, on the contrary, stay after 11 in the morning while the premises are thoroughly cleaned.

It often happens that in some hostels the rooms are separated by gender, while in others both men and women sleep in the same room. Checkin and checkout are carried out approximately at 11-13 pm and 17-23 pm.

Lack of hostels Western countries do not experience - on this moment There are approximately 4,500 hostels in more than 60 countries. Another thing is that in Russia the hostel movement is not yet as widespread as in European countries such as Holland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and others.

The average price of such accommodation facilities is approximately 10 euros per night (however, it can vary quite a lot depending on the country and city). So, in Amsterdam you can find hostels with very different prices - from 300-400 to one and a half thousand rubles per night. In St. Petersburg, prices are approximately the same, but the number of hostels is much smaller.

Hostels can be very original - for example, some of them, for example, Lanholms Hostel in Stockholm or Selika in Ljubljana, occupy former prison buildings. There are also so-called eco-hostels, for example in Hawaii and Singapore.

When booking hostels on various portals (such as hostelworld.com, hostelsclub.com and others), you can specify rubles as the currency, but you will still have to pay in local money on the spot.

There are special discount programs for hostel accommodation for students - International Youth Hostel Federation and Hostels of Europe. When using the first option, a student purchases a special card for $10, upon presentation of which in hostels around the world they will receive a 5-10% discount. Over 3 million people participate in this program.

Hostels of Europe discounts are valid only in Europe and cost $15. Discounts range from approximately 5-15% and can be obtained at more than 3,000 hostels throughout Europe.

Alternative options for receiving discounts are also possible - through the International Student Identity Card program, or ISIC for short. The bottom line is that a student buys a plastic identification card for about 10-20 dollars, thanks to which it is possible to get discounts from 5 to 30% both in hostels and in transport, museums, theaters and cafes. This program is most popular in Scandinavia, the Benelux countries, and also in Greece. On the other hand, you need to find out in advance whether the hostel will provide discounts or not - there are not always guarantees.

Apartments.

Another great opportunity to relax without resorting to the services of perhaps already boring hotels is to rent apartments. This type of accommodation is very popular in European countries, primarily in Spain, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro and Greece. The apartments are apartments for summer holiday presented for rent to tourists from different countries during the holidays. Apartments should not be confused with rooms in apart-hotels - the latter are located in hotels, and not in ordinary residential buildings.

The apartments have everything necessary equipment, which brings rest in them closer to home conditions: this includes a kitchen with all the necessary utensils, a bathroom (possibly more than one), household appliances (refrigerator, dishwasher, washing machine, microwave oven, air conditioner, TV), a sufficient amount of home furniture, bedding underwear, etc. Thus, the apartments provide their guests with a good rest, the conditions of which are as close as possible to those at home.

Among other things, it is not uncommon to have a swimming pool, parking, and a terrace with a magnificent view of the sea, since apartments are often located in resort areas close to the sea coast.

Not all apartments are of the same level, and there is also a gradation among them, although not the same as in hotels. Among the apartments, there are most often 3 types - A, B and C, depending on the area and number of rooms.

So, type A (studio) has only one room and a living room combined with a kitchen, which occupies an area of approximately 40-45 square meters. These apartments can accommodate from 2 to 4 people.

Apartments type B can accommodate up to 6 people, since such apartments have two separate bedrooms, a living room and an isolated kitchen. Type B apartments range from 60 to 90 square meters.

Type C is an apartment with an area of more than 100 square meters, consisting of three rooms plus a living room, dining room and separate kitchen. Type C apartments can accommodate up to 12 people at a time.

There are also luxury apartments, created like luxury rooms in high-class hotels and located on the territory of various villas and residences. These apartments are well guarded and have more emphasis on high technology.

Accommodation in apartments has a lot of advantages compared to staying in regular hotels. What may at first seem like a minus, for example self-cooking, is actually a good advantage, because in this case the vacationer has great opportunity eat not standard hotel food, but homemade food, and also explore local cuisine. But this, of course, is a matter of taste.

Plus, the apartments are an excellent option for traveling with families and large groups. In the second case, this will also provide cost savings, since the rent is fixed and does not depend on the number of guests and can be divided among everyone. Thus, the cost per person is significantly reduced. The main advantage is the freedom of action of the tourist - he does not depend on the hotel schedule, he can make his own breakfast or dinner schedule and come home at any time. In addition, apartments are often located in tourist centers, and getting to attractions and entertainment centers is not a problem.

On the other hand, apartments are exclusively a resort phenomenon, not intended for long-term stays or short overnight stays. However, it is for a summer holiday near the sea that they are an excellent and, perhaps, optimal option. The disadvantage of apartments is their number - booking a room in a regular hotel is easier and more familiar for many, although today there are already many companies in the world that deal specifically with accommodating tourists in apartments.

Guesthouses.

Guesthouses, or guest houses, is a term that was formed relatively recently. Guesthouses are a budget accommodation option, reminiscent of cheap Bed and Breakfast hotels, for tourists who want to spend their vacation economically and calmly. The main concentrations of guesthouses should be considered exotic countries and directions - Goa, Bali, Thailand, countries Caribbean. Also, guest houses are not uncommon in Black Sea coast Russia. In Europe, the traditions of mini-hotels, hostels and apartments are much stronger.

Accommodation in guesthouses differs in many ways from accommodation in regular hotels. The conditions in which guests will live are more modest and spartan than, say, in 3-star hotels, but all this is compensated by inexpensive prices. At the same time, the minimum necessary furniture and household appliances There are some in guesthouses. In addition, being a private household that the owners rent out, guests of guesthouses also receive a more homely environment and independence. That is, you should not wait for breakfast or dinner on schedule and a large number of staff. On the other hand, due to the latter factor, it is not possible to move into many guesthouses after midnight, when they close, and accommodation often occurs by simple agreement with the homeowner.

Guesthouses for the most part are two or three-story buildings with a small amount of free internal space and adjacent territory. The average number of rooms is approximately 20-30.

Typically, the homeowner himself lives in the same building in which he rents out apartments. Being the owner of the household, he himself establishes the rules in the guesthouse. This type of accommodation is not under the control of the state, like hotels, and, therefore, cannot have any classification, be it star or points, and they are not required to strictly comply with sanitary and epidemiological standards and large tax deductions.

However, due to these features, homeowners' profits increase, allowing many of them to spend a lot of money on upgrading their guesthouses.

Rent of villas, cottages and chalets.

One of the most luxurious and inexpensive types of holidays abroad is renting a real cottage, villa or even chalet. Today, this can be done in many countries around the world - both in popular European tourist centers and in exotic tropical countries. The greatest demand is for villas in such European countries like Spain, Italy and France. In France, a traditional holiday destination is Cote d'Azur, famous for its sophistication and prestige, but recently the Atlantic coast of the country has also been gaining popularity. In Italy, such a place can be called the island of Sardinia, and in Spain the coasts of the Costa Brava, Costadel Sol, the Canary and Balearic Islands.

Most often, villas are located in picturesque places either close to the sea coast, or simply integrated into the surrounding natural ensemble - mountains, lakes, etc. Almost all villas have a swimming pool and a garden. There is no specific classification of villas, since they all have their own individuality and, most importantly, their owner. So, being a private residence, villas are outside the classification. However, it often happens that for the convenience of clients planning to rent a house, the villa is rated on a star scale, the main criteria being the area of the house and the surrounding area, proximity to the sea (lake, mountains) and the contents of the house. Thus, villas located on the second line from the sea will be noticeably cheaper than those built on the first.

In each country, villas bear their own national imprint and flavor. Villas in Sardinia are created in a unique rustic style and are distinguished by the external simplicity of their design and interior. IN mountainous areas In France and Switzerland, chalets are common - Savoyard houses with a gable roof, which are widely used as ski hotels. The cozy and original interior of the chalet will be a wonderful addition to your holiday in the European mountains. The inside of the chalet is decorated with various types of trees and stones, and there is always a fireplace.

This accommodation option, such as cottages, is not much different from villas. The main criterion in this case is the area of the house and the adjacent area; it may also be a slightly more modest interior and equipment. However, this is only relative to villas - apartments, for example, are much inferior to cottages in these same components.

A special type of accommodation is lodges. Lodges are a typically African phenomenon; they are small hotels located in the territories National parks and nature reserves. Therefore, the clientele of the lodges is very special and narrow - these are tourists who come to the Dark Continent for safari or trekking. Despite their “wild” location, the lodges are often very comfortable and provide their guests with the entire range of services that may be needed during a multi-day safari.

The lodges are unique for many reasons. Similar complexes, including excellent service, restaurants, bars, separate bungalows for tourists combined with amazing wildlife you won’t find anywhere else, so being a lodge guest is a special pleasure. Most lodges have special areas from where visitors can watch animals and enjoy the picturesque African landscapes. In addition, the interiors of the lodges are usually made in an exotic and therefore attractive African or colonial style.

Most lodges are located in countries such as Kenya, South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Tanzania, which have long been famous for their amazing nature and many National Parks and Nature Reserves, which are the main safari arenas. In addition, recently you can find information about lodges in South America and Australia and New Zealand, the essence of which is essentially the same as that of traditional African lodges. The cost of accommodation in lodges is usually included in the cost of the safari itself, and this pleasure cannot be called cheap.(7)

The central place in the range of services provided to tourists during travel is accommodation, which is an integral part of each tour. Accommodation facilities, which are understood as any facility that regularly or occasionally provides places to stay overnight, form the basis of the tourism industry. High service provision of accommodation services determines such psychological aspects of tourism as satisfaction with the trip and high mark organizing the stay of tourists in a particular country.

Basic concepts and definitions in the field of hotel management are given in regulatory documents and standard requirements.

In accordance with GOST R 51185-2014 "Tourist services. Accommodation facilities. General requirements" the following terms with corresponding definitions are used:

Accommodation facility is a tourism industry facility that includes a building/buildings/part of a building/structure/structure. in which there are one or more equipped living rooms/premises intended for the accommodation and temporary residence of tourists.

Accommodation: Providing tourists with conditions/conveniences for rest, sleep and hygiene.

Temporary accommodation: Accommodation of tourists for a period of less than six months.

In international practice, the Standard Classification of Tourist Accommodation Facilities, developed by WTO experts, has been adopted, according to which all accommodation facilities are divided into two main categories: collective and individual.

A collective accommodation facility is any facility that regularly or occasionally provides overnight accommodation for tourists in a room or other premises; however, the number of numbers it contains exceeds the minimum determined by each country independently (for example: in Russia - 10 numbers, in Italy 7). Moreover, all rooms in a given enterprise must obey a single management and be grouped into classes and categories in accordance with the services provided and available equipment. Collective accommodation facilities include:

Hotels and similar accommodation facilities;

Specialized establishments;

Other accommodation establishments.

Let us consider in more detail the characteristic features of hotels as accommodation facilities. Hotels have the following features:

1. Consist of numbers, the number of which exceeds a certain minimum, and have a single management.

2. They provide various hotel services, the list of which is not limited to daily making of beds, cleaning of rooms and bathrooms.

3. Grouped into classes and categories according to the services provided, equipment available and country standards.

Depending on the specific equipment and features of the services provided, hotels include general hotels, apartment hotels, motels, roadside hotels, resort hotels, residential clubs, etc.

The next group consists of establishments similar to hotels, which have rooms and provide a limited list of mandatory services (including daily bed making, room and bathroom cleaning). These include boarding houses, furnished rooms, tourist hostels, etc.

Specialized establishments providing hospitality services (with a single management) are also intended to serve tourists. They don't have numbers. Here the initial unit can be a dwelling, a collective bedroom, or a playground. In addition to providing accommodation services, they perform other specialized functions: health, services active rest a certain category of guests. For example, health institutions (health resorts, resorts, sanatoriums, health “farms”, etc.), labor and recreation camps, accommodation facilities public activities transport (trains, ships), congress centers.

The function of providing places to stay overnight in health resorts, sanatoriums, and resorts is not the main one. First of all, it is necessary to treat and prevent illness among visitors using natural factors (climate, sea, mineral water etc.). Material and spiritual influences on the human body include the elimination of the usual conditions of work and rest, and the enrichment of visitors with new impressions. Along with treatment, meals, recreation, sports, everyday life and, of course, overnight accommodation for residents are organized.

Other collective accommodation facilities include dwellings intended for recreational purposes. Examples of this group of accommodation facilities are apartment-type hotels, house complexes or bungalows. These premises have a single management, are rented out for a fee, for rent, or free of charge by any person (persons) or organization. The Irish Tourist Board, for example, provides for some organization of a holiday home complex. The complex includes no less than nine buildings, one of which houses an office. The buildings are long-term structures, with separate entrances, and in good operating condition. Each house has a room for sleeping, dining, relaxing, as well as a storage room, bathroom and toilets with appropriate equipment. Provision is made for the use of space outside the home. Each accommodation facility is prepared and cleaned for each new resident. Routine cleaning of beds and premises is not provided to the client. Other collective accommodation facilities include facilities (with unified management) at camping sites and in bays for small vessels. The client is provided with an overnight stay and a number of services such as information, shopping, and leisure.

Tourist hostels, youth hotels, school and student dormitories, holiday homes for the elderly and similar objects of social significance should also be considered other collective accommodation facilities.

Individual accommodation facilities are your own homes (apartments, villas, mansions, cottages used by resident visitors, including timeshare apartments, rooms rented from individuals or agencies, premises provided free of charge by relatives or friends). Available for a fee, for rent, or free of charge.

A new type of tourist accommodation has recently appeared on the world market - timeshare. This is not the sale of standard real estate or hotel accommodation, but a middle ground between them - property limited in use over time. One week is taken as a unit of time. The timeshare industry consists of two parts: the sale of clubs or apartments divided into weeks; exchanging these weeks through a single exchange center called a holiday club, where owners can exchange their weeks. Today, timeshare is one of the fastest growing sectors of the vacation industry. It is considered the most modern technology in the field of interaction between tourism and real estate. There are timeshare resorts in 75 countries. Europe ranks second in timeshare development after the United States.

Traditional tourism accommodation facilities (hotel, boarding house, motel, small forms of hotels). Non-traditional accommodation facilities (campsites, second home, yacht, camp).

The essence of providing accommodation services is that, on the one hand, special premises (hotel rooms) are provided for use, on the other hand, services are provided directly by the hotel staff: porter services for receiving and registering guests, maid services for cleaning hotel rooms etc.

Hotel rooms are the main element of the accommodation service. These are multifunctional rooms designed for relaxation, sleep, and work of resident guests. Their most important function is to enable sleep. The importance of other functions of hotel rooms primarily depends on the purpose of the hotel and the needs of the guests. For example, in business hotels.

Different hotels have different categories of rooms, differing from one another in size, furniture, equipment, equipment, etc. However, regardless of category hotel room must have the following furniture and equipment: bed, chair and armchair, night table, wardrobe, general lighting, trash bin. In addition, each room must contain information about the hotel and an evacuation plan in case of fire.

Other services complement the offer of accommodation and catering services. These include the offer of a swimming pool, conference rooms, meeting rooms, sports equipment, car rental, dry cleaning services, laundry, hairdresser, massage room and a number of others.

To carry out the process of serving tourists, the hotel must provide a minimum set of the following basic services to ensure the provision of basic hotel services:

The room management service deals with issues related to booking rooms, receiving tourists arriving at the hotel, registering them and placing them in their rooms, as well as sending them home or to the next point of the travel route after the end of the tour, provides service to tourists in the rooms, and maintains the necessary sanitary conditions. -hygienic condition of rooms and level of comfort in residential premises, provides household services to guests. The service includes a director or manager for the operation of rooms, a reception service, a maid service, a joint service service (doormen, bellhops, cloakroom attendants, garage attendants), a receptionist service, a concierge service, a bell service, a housekeeping inspector, and a security service. .

The first impression a guest receives from the hotel complex depends on the reception and accommodation service. The task of the head of this service is to control the entire process of receiving and accommodating guests, skillfully resolving conflicts that may affect the prestige of the hotel. This service deals with issues related to the reception of guests arriving at the hotel, their registration and placement in rooms, the provision of various services, and sending them home.

The reservations department must constantly monitor the market, collecting reservations and recording any increase in demand that the hotel could use, increasing the cost of accommodation and giving the business more income. Rooms that are not pre-booked are transferred for direct sale to the accommodation service, which must place guests in these rooms at a higher price.

The receptionist service exercises control over the hotel's room stock, keeping a file on room occupancy and availability. free seats, and serves as an information center. Information through the receptionist service moves in two directions: to guests (if we are talking about informing about the types of services provided by the hotel, about local attractions, about the operation of public transport, etc.) and to various departments of the hotel enterprise (about the needs of the client).

The maid service in most cases is the most functionally significant department when it comes to receiving hotel accommodation services, since this department is responsible for cleaning rooms, halls, corridors, etc. internal premises in which reception and customer service are carried out.

The security service performs the functions of maintaining order and security in the hotel complex, since the hotel is responsible for providing reasonable security to its customers. In this case, the enterprise can entrust the performance of these duties either to its own service or to involve a third-party organization.

The administrative service is responsible for organizing the management of all services of the hotel complex, resolves financial issues, staffing issues, creates and maintains the necessary working conditions for hotel staff, monitors compliance with established norms and regulations on labor protection, safety, fire and environmental safety.

The financial service resolves issues of financial support for the enterprise, receives reports from the cashiers of each outlet of the enterprise, including the food service, receptionist service, souvenir kiosks and sport complexes, If there are any. The financial service maintains unified financial accounting for the enterprise (that is, income from retail outlets, accounting for expenses and income, conducting operations to record paid working hours, bonuses paid, as well as tips received by individual employees).

Service Catering provides service to the company's guests in restaurants, cafes or hotel bars, resolves issues regarding the organization and servicing of banquets, presentations, etc. Catering units, including restaurant(s), bars, cafes, banqueting services, as well as a catering unit (kitchen), provide guests with food services.

Engineering services create conditions for the operation of air conditioning systems, heat supply, sanitary equipment, electrical devices, repair and construction services, television and communication systems. The service includes a chief engineer, a routine repair service, a territory improvement service, and a communications service.

Ancillary services ensure the operation of the hotel complex, offering laundry, tailoring, linen services, cleaning services, printing services, warehouse services, etc. Additional services provide paid services. They include a hairdresser, swimming pool, sauna, solarium, sports facilities and other units.

Hotel service. Accommodation services are a product of the activities of hotels or any other enterprise intended for accommodation. The state standard GOST R 51185-2014 "Tourist services. Accommodation facilities. General requirements" defines hotel services. Accommodation services are the activities of the contractor in accommodating tourists and providing hotel, special (medical, health, sanatorium, sports, tourist, etc.) services.

The main feature of the hotel product is that the client does not have ownership of the product he uses. The characteristic features of the service are identified that determine the specifics of accommodation services.

1. Inseparability of production from consumption of services. In most situations typical of the hospitality industry, the provision of a service requires the presence of both the one who provides it and the one to whom it is provided. This action takes place on the territory of the producer, not the consumer. In addition, the personnel providing the services have direct contact with the consumer. The provision process requires active participation from both the producer and the consumer. The client views the hotel staff as an inseparable part of the service itself. That is why the quality of a hotel is determined to a large extent by the behavior of employees.

2. Impossibility of storage. The production of a service is fixed in time and space: if the service ( hotel product) are not sold on a particular day, then the potential income is lost and cannot be replaced. Services cannot be stored, because they are designed to satisfy real needs that exist at the moment.

4. Seasonality of demand fluctuations. The hotel market is characterized by fluctuations in demand depending on the season of the year. Most tourists vacation during the summer months.

5. High fixed costs. When hotel profit and loss statements are analyzed, high fixed production costs and relatively low variable costs become apparent, which are annual, largely independent of the number of clients admitted for the year.

6. Inconsistency of quality. Hospitality services are variable, meaning their quality depends on who provides them and under what conditions. There are several reasons for this variability. Firstly, services of this kind are provided and received simultaneously, which limits the ability to control their quality. Temporary fluctuations in demand make it difficult to maintain quality of service during periods when demand becomes high. Much depends on the state providing the service at the time of its provision. The same person can serve you well today and poorly tomorrow. The reasons for this poor service can be varied. Variability and fluctuations in service quality are the main reason for customer dissatisfaction with the hospitality industry.

Hotel chains of the world. International hotel chains play an important role in the development of the hospitality industry and compliance with high service standards. Hotel chain - an association of several hotel complexes to develop a unified policy and general conditions agreements with wholesale tour operator companies. The development of automation systems has led to the fact that often enterprises included in the hotel chain are connected by a single automated system for managing and distributing hotel stock.

The oldest and most famous chain brand is Hilton Hotels. It was its founder, Conrad Hilton, who came up with the idea of turning hotels into something like chain restaurants, providing a standard set of services of known quality. In addition, Hilton came up with the idea of putting stars on hotels, indicating the class of the hotel. Also known: Accor (France), Radisson/SAS (USA), Chain Marriott hotels, Azimuth is one of the largest in Russia.

International hotel associations. The main factors influencing the desire of hotel owners to unite primarily include:

The need for the hotel to be fully occupied;

Ensuring compliance with equipment and equipment standards;

High competition;

Market conditions;

Improving flexible personnel policies and professional training;

Creation of investment funds.

The main goals of creating associations are:

Exchange of information through the media;

Creating an image among members of associations;

Representation at the federal level (regional);

Preferential group insurance;

Joint price control;

Assistance in improving enterprise management;

Protection of permanent members in career advancement.

The most famous associations that are successfully developing in the hotel services market:

1. IHA (International Hotel Association) is the leading international organization in the hospitality industry. The main task of the IGA is to protect the interests of its members in international governmental and non-governmental organizations. For this purpose, regular research is carried out in the field of international legislation and in the field of marketing, much attention is paid to the problems of hotel construction, their classification, and the efficiency of capital investments. Special contribution to the development international tourism and the hotel industry was the adoption of the International Hotel Regulations in 1981.

2. Russian Hotel Association (RHA) is a non-profit organization that unites hotel enterprises and other collective accommodation facilities. The main activities of the RHA are:

· cooperation aimed at promoting the development of domestic hotel industry, expansion and improvement of the quality of hotel services and their promotion to domestic and foreign markets;

· participation in the development of federal, regional and local regulations that meet the professional interests of members of the Association;

· establishing and maintaining intra-corporate relations that contribute to the expansion of business and professional contacts, the protection of Russian hotel business, fair competition;

· participation in the development and implementation of national and international programs and projects in the hotel industry;

· practical implementation of a specific action program.

3. HORTEK (confederation of national associations of hotels and restaurants) - 1200 hotels and restaurants, 22 national organizations.

Spain- a truly amazing country. Each region, each city is unique and keeps its secret. Great amount attractions attract millions of tourists to Spain. Hundreds of routes have already been developed travel companies, but TEZ TOUR offers a new look at Spain, which means new emotions and impressions.

Accommodation in parador hotels

Paradores is a unique state hotel system. Located at the country's busiest tourist crossroads, parador hotels are more than just a place to stay.

Literally, a “parador” is an “inn”, and although most of them are officially assigned a category corresponding to 4*, high quality service puts paradors on the same level as the best hotels Europe. Almost half of Spain's paradors (and there are about 100 of them) are located in former monasteries, ancient castles, the palaces of the Spanish grandees, whose walls saw kings, glorious knights and stern conquistadors. The rest are modern buildings, but the most amazingly beautiful corners of the country were chosen for their construction. You can spend several days in the paradors, and then go along the usual routes. But, if you really want to discover the true charm of Spain, take your time. In each of the paradors you will definitely be offered a specially designed program of exciting excursions to the nearby surroundings. In all paradors you will be surrounded by exclusive interiors that reflect the color and ancient history various regions of the country, and, of course, cuisine, the menu of which necessarily includes the best local dishes and wine.

Parador is a place for a unique, exclusive event, and paradores have all the capabilities for this (, , special equipment).

The closest castle hotel to Barcelona is called Parador de Cardona. The hotel is located on a hill in a fortress of the 9th-11th centuries. The castle offers stunning views of the city, fertile valleys and the Cardoner River. From Barcelona airport the transfer will take no more than 2.5 hours.

Hotel Schloss Pichlarn, Irdning	The ancient castle SCHLOSS PICHLARN is located on the territory beautiful park. This hotel is one of the most attractive resorts of its kind in Europe. The history of the castle goes back more than 900 years. Since 1972, a hotel has been operating in the castle building. Distance from Vienna 250 km, from Salzburg 125 km	In a hotel: 118 rooms, "Wintergarten" restaurant with terrace in the castle courtyard, "Golfstüberl" restaurant with terrace, "Schlossstüberl" restaurants, "Midway House", "Spiegelsäle" banquet rooms, bar; rooms for seminars; wellness center Grand Spa: sauna, steam room, sanarium, large indoor swimming pool, open pool with panoramic view, 2 Jacuzzis, 1 Jacuzzi under open air, fitness, golf course (18 holes), tennis courts, horse riding, helipad.
Grand Hotel Sauerhof, Baden	The hotel is located in the central part of Baden, 500 m from the historical city center, a 5-minute walk from the Römertherme thermal complex. The hotel building in its present form was erected in 1810-1820. designed by the famous architect Josef Kornhäusel. In 1978, the hotel was completely renovated. Cosmetic repairs are carried out regularly. In 2008, the Sauerhof Beauty Farm was reconstructed	In a hotel: 100 numbers. The hotel is located in a Biedermeier style building. The interior layout of the 19th century has been preserved. The hotel has one of the best European beauty salons. Packages including accommodation and wellness programs can be booked. Various opportunities for active and cultural recreation. The hotel has 10 conference rooms.
Hotel Schloss Weikersdorf, Baden	The castle hotel is located a short walk from the center of Baden, the Römertherme thermal baths, next to the Doblhof park and rose garden. The hotel is located in a castle built in the Renaissance style (12th century). The hotel opened in 1971. The last renovation took place in 2006. The castle's courtyard is covered with a glass roof.	In a hotel: 99 rooms. The hotel consists of two 4-storey buildings - the main building and the Residenz Spa building (30 m from the main building, the hotel's SPA area is located in this building). The hotel combines a romantic atmosphere medieval castle and modern comfort. Located next to a luxurious park. Various opportunities for active and educational recreation. We recommend it for recreation, incentive programs, and celebrations (the hotel has 8 conference rooms from 20 to 200 people).
Hotel Schloss Dürnstein, Baden	The castle hotel is located in the Wachau Valley, in an area of amazing beauty protected by UNESCO. Schloss Dürnstein is built in the Renaissance style and is an integral part of the magnificent landscape	In a hotel: 47 rooms furnished with antique furniture. All rooms offer enchanting views of the ruins of the Dürnstein fortress, the picturesque town, or the Danube. Unforgettable events can be held in luxurious surroundings. At your service is a conference room with a capacity of 30 people, two exclusive banquet rooms, and the possibility of conducting excursions around the castle.
ARTIS Schlosshotel, Krumbach	Distance from Vienna airport approx. 100 km, travel time approx. 1 hour 15 minutes.	The hotel has everything for a variety of recreation and events. Comfortable accommodation, authentic atmosphere, gourmet restaurant, wine cellar, 6 conference rooms, sports activities ( Mountain bikes, golf, horse riding), spa center.

Structure modern market Accommodation facilities are determined, along with hotel industry enterprises, by the so-called non-traditional, or additional, accommodation facilities, which have emerged and are rapidly developing over the past 30 - 40 years, successfully compete with the traditional hotel industry and pose a certain threat to its existence.

The approximate structure of the placement market is shown in Diagram 9.

How do non-traditional accommodation facilities differ from hotel businesses?

The main distinguishing feature of hotel industry enterprises is that they offer full complex services for reception, accommodation, catering for guests, servicing their stay at the hotel.

Additional accommodation facilities usually only imply the possibility of accommodation. Food, services during the tourist’s stay (room cleaning, Additional services) are either completely absent and are provided by the tourist independently, or can be ordered for an additional fee.

Both sectors of accommodation facilities differ significantly in the form of legal relations with the client. In the hotel industry, the tourist is a guest, a customer of services; In relation to additional accommodation facilities, the tourist acts either as an owner or as a tenant. It is no coincidence that most additional accommodation facilities are called “second home”. A second vacation apartment in a tourist center, a country house, a house in a village, a residential trailer for car travel is used by the owner during the tourist season for his own vacation and/or is rented out to other vacationers.

Available statistical materials give an idea of the development of the sector of additional accommodation facilities only from the mid-60s. German researcher W. Prahl (1) believes that the beginning of this process dates back to the 50s: the number of private apartments in Germany rented to vacationers from 1950 to 1960 increased from 80,000 to 290,000. In the 60s 70s data on additional accommodation facilities are regularly published in official statistical reports, which in itself indicates the growing importance of this sector of the tourism economy. Increase in overnight stays in the supplementary accommodation industry in the first half of the 70s. significantly outstripped this figure for the hotel industry, and in 1975, the number of overnight stays by tourists in non-traditional accommodation facilities exceeded the number of overnight stays in hotel industry enterprises(2). A collective study published in 1974 in St. Gallen (W) provides the following data on the growth in the number of so-called “second homes” in Switzerland in the 60s: in 1960-1970. their number increased by an average of 6.5% per year (according to the authors’ calculations, the average annual increase in the country’s gross domestic product over the same period was 4.5%). According to P. Keller(4), this process became even more widespread in Switzerland in the 70-80s: “According to the results of our sociological research, 70% of country houses and vacation apartments in Switzerland were purchased by the population in the 70-80s gg."

Until recently, the production capacity of the additional accommodation sector has been steadily increasing, reducing the share of the hotel industry in the total number of places. If in 1963 the hotel industry had 41% of the total number of places in all accommodation facilities, then in 1990 the percentage of participation was only 24.3%. More than 2/3 of the total number of places in all accommodation facilities in Switzerland is therefore currently accounted for by additional accommodation facilities.

What was the reason for their rapid development? Factors such as:

· growth in the welfare of society and increase in income of the population;

· the desire of citizens to insure themselves against inflationary processes by investing accumulated funds in real estate (The motivation for purchasing real estate by the average consumer was supplemented by the desire to invest capital in the recreation industry. According to Professor X. Elsasser (5), in 1970-1985 the number of “second apartments” in Switzerland increased overall by 121%, and those used for tourist accommodation - by 127%. In 1985, 85% of "second apartments" in Switzerland were used as additional accommodation.);

· significant difference in real estate prices in the center of the country and on the periphery;

· increasing the degree of social mobility (automobile boom) in developed European countries;

· democratization of tourism demand (leisure trips are becoming available not only to high-income people, but also to middle- and low-income segments of the population. The former invest capital in “tourist” real estate, in what we call additional accommodation facilities: they purchase vacation apartments, dachas, yachts , residential trailers for autotourism, etc. The second and third ones rent places in non-traditional accommodation facilities at affordable prices, thereby, on the one hand, satisfying their own needs for recreation, on the other hand, creating additional income for the wealthy. categories of the population.);

· changes in the psychology and behavior of the consumer of tourism services (The psychological portrait of the consumer, which changed in the late 70s - early 80s, has an important influence on the market of accommodation facilities. Characteristic features of the new type of consumer are such as the desire for comfort, the desire to “come back” to nature", spontaneity of decisions and individualism, free and independent style of relaxation, reluctance to submit to forms of leisure, furnishings, clothing, choice of dishes - stimulate the trend of "purchasing a second holiday home." Non-traditional accommodation facilities contribute to a harmonious combination of tourist readiness during the holiday period temporarily integrate into an unusual environment with the desire to partially retain the usual comforts of an established individual lifestyle during vacation);

· individualization of tourist demand and deepening of its segmentation are also long-term factors determining structural changes in the accommodation market, in particular, the process of differentiation of supply. A variety of new forms of accommodation (motels, campsites, dachas and “second apartments”, holidays on a “peasant farmstead”, bungalows, etc.) are crowding out traditional hotels;

· tourist specialization of the country (tourist center, tourist region). In Switzerland, for example, skiing is popular family holiday, which, in turn, stimulates the need for a “second home” located in a mountain tourist center. On the other hand, Switzerland is the venue for numerous international forums, congresses, and conferences. Business people, politicians, and participants in international meetings prefer accommodation in comfortable hotels with a high level of service, which, accordingly, is an incentive for development for hotel enterprises.

Traditionally Foreign tourists are considered mainly clients of hotel industry enterprises, while citizens of the country strive to organize their vacation more freely and regardless of the conventions of hotel accommodation. Thus, it can be assumed that the main clientele of additional accommodation facilities are domestic tourists. In the mid-70s in Switzerland, the number of overnight stays in all accommodation facilities for domestic tourists surpassed the same figure for inbound tourism. With a lag of approximately 2 years, the same thing happens with overnight stays in additional accommodation facilities in relation to the country’s hotel industry (6). With the growth in the volume of domestic tourism in relation to inbound tourism, there is a parallel rapid growth in the sector of additional accommodation facilities.

What are the consequences of the rapid development of the supplementary accommodation sector?

The negative ones include, first of all, structural changes in the hotel industry. Many tourism researchers note that the occupancy rate of additional accommodation facilities, and primarily the so-called “second apartments,” is significantly lower than that of hotel enterprises (10-13% and 42%, respectively, according to M. Blatter (7)). The additional accommodation sector creates significant reserve capacities, which are loaded mainly on short term, namely in tourist season- the most profitable for hotel enterprises. Thus, additional accommodation facilities take away customers from hotels. And if you consider that we are talking primarily about small tourist centers, where, unlike major cities, traditionally the structure of accommodation facilities is dominated by medium and small hotel enterprises, then it can be understood that additional accommodation opportunities are one of the factors causing the “dying” of small hotels, mainly low-class hotels (** or ***). The consequence of this phenomenon is the strengthening of the process of concentration in the hotel industry of many tourist centers. This is evidenced, for example, by the following data: if in the 70s. the number of hotel enterprises in Switzerland decreased by 5%, then in the 80s. - by about 11%, and their average value increased in the 70s. by 12%, in the 80s - by 14%. The number of placements increased in the 70s. by 7%, in the 80s. remained almost unchanged, and by the end of the 80s it tended to decline.

Harmful impact on the ecology of tourist centers. The rapid development of additional accommodation facilities, and primarily the construction of dachas, “second apartments or houses”, negatively affects the ecology of tourist centers: the natural landscape is destroyed, areas free from development are reduced, local utility systems are overloaded (water supply, communications, heating plants) . The latter causes financial difficulties for local authorities: rapid development non-traditional forms of accommodation require, in the interests of clients, improvement tourism infrastructure and, consequently, significant capital investments, which often exceed the financial capabilities of the local administration.

At the same time, the additional accommodation sector can also have a positive impact on tourist centers:

· relieves overcrowded hotels, especially during peak periods;

· is a source of additional income for owners of “second apartments”;

· creates conditions for the involvement of middle- and low-income segments of the population in tourism, thereby expanding the boundaries of tourism demand and stimulating further expansion of the tourism industry.

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