Emelyanov B.V. Guided tour. Technology for developing a tourist excursion route. Tour formation Detailed description of ready-made excursion routes

Creating a new excursion on any topic is a complex process that requires the active participation of a whole team of workers. The content of a future excursion and its educational value are directly dependent on the knowledge of methodologists and guides, their competence, the degree of practical mastery of the fundamentals of pedagogy and psychology, and the ability to choose the most effective ways and techniques of influencing the audience.

An excursion is the result of two important processes: its preparation and conduct. They are interconnected and interdependent. Unable to provide high quality conducting an excursion with ill-conceived preparation.

In the work on preparing a new excursion, two main directions can be distinguished:

 development of a new excursion theme (new in general or new only for a given excursion institution);

 preparing a novice or already working guide to conduct a new excursion for him, but already previously developed and conducted in this institution.

The first direction is the process of creating a new excursion for the excursion institution.

The preparation of a new excursion is entrusted to the creative group. It consists of 3 to 7 people, and in some cases more, depending on the complexity of the topic. Most of them are tour guides working in the institution. Often, specialists from various fields are invited as consultants - museum scientists, university and secondary school teachers, etc.

Typically, each member of the creative team is assigned to develop one of the sections, one of the subtopics of the excursion, or one or more questions of the subtopic. In order to supervise the work, a creative team leader is selected.

Preparation of a new excursion goes through three main stages:

 Preliminary work– selection of materials for a future excursion, their study (i.e., the process of accumulating knowledge on a given topic, determining the purpose and objectives of the excursion). At the same time, the selection of objects on which the excursion will be based takes place.

 Direct development of the excursion itself includes: drawing up an excursion route; processing of factual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of several basic questions; writing control text; work on the methodology for conducting the excursion; selection of the most effective methodological techniques of showing and telling during the excursion; preparation methodological development new excursion; writing individual texts by guides.

 Final stage– reception (protection) of excursions along the route. Approval of a new excursion by the head of the excursion institution, admission of guides who have defended their topic to work on the route.

In its simplest form, the scheme of all excursions, regardless of the topic, type and form of conduct, is the same: introduction,main part,conclusion.

Introduction, as a rule, consists of two parts:

 organizational (introducing the excursion group and instructing excursionists on safety rules during the trip and behavior on the route);

 informational (a short message about the topic, the length and duration of the route, the time of departure and arrival back, sanitary stops and the end point of the excursion).

Main part is based on specific excursion objects, a combination of showing and telling. Its content consists of several subtopics that must be revealed on objects and united by a theme. The number of excursion subtopics is usually from 5 to 12. At the same time, it is important for creating an excursion to select objects in such a way that there are only those objects that would help reveal the content of the excursion topic, and in a certain dosage over time and depending on the significance of a particular subtopic on this excursion.

Conclusion, like the introduction, is not associated with excursion objects. It should take 5-7 minutes and consist of two parts. First– the result of the main content of the excursion, a conclusion on the topic that realizes the purpose of the excursion. Second– information about other excursions that can expand and deepen this topic. The conclusion is as important as the introduction and body.

It is very important that the excursion is interesting enough. But it is equally important that it is not overloaded with a flow of information unnecessary for tourists, so that the method of presenting the material is not tedious, but contributes to the best perception of it by this or that category of tourists. In this regard, the topic of the excursion must certainly be focused on a certain category of excursionists (adults or children, youth, urban or rural residents, workers in the humanitarian professions, foreigners, etc.). This type of accounting is called differentiated approach to excursion services. It must take into account not only the interests, but also the goals of consumers. If the excursion is provided, for example, as part of a folklore tour, then the main emphasis in the story and show should be on the history, monuments, and national characteristics of the region. If the excursion is included in the business tour program, then attention should be paid to showing various business and community centers etc. When organizing excursion services as part of a resort holiday, excursion walks with observation of natural landscapes, monuments, and objects are attractive.

In the process of preparing a new excursion, a number of main stages can be distinguished, which are arranged in a certain order. Let us consider them in the sequence that has developed in the practice of the excursion institution.

The concept of “stages of excursion preparation” was first introduced in 1976. At that time, fifteen stages were named:

1. Determining the purpose and objectives of the excursion.

2. Choosing a topic.

3. Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography.

4. Determination of sources of excursion material. Acquaintance with exhibitions and museum collections on the topic.

5. Selection and study of excursion objects.

6. Drawing up an excursion route.

7. Detour or detour.

8. Preparation of the control text for the excursion.

9. Completing the “tour guide’s briefcase”.

10. Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion.

11. Determination of excursion techniques.

12. Drawing up methodological development.

13. Compilation of individual texts.

14. Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion.

15. Approval of the excursion.

DETERMINING THE PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE EXCURSION

Work on any new excursion begins with a clear definition of its purpose. This helps the authors of the excursion to conduct their work in a more organized manner in the future. The purpose of the excursion is why historical and cultural monuments and other objects are shown to tourists. The guide's story is subordinated to the same ultimate goal. Let's name several goals: fostering patriotism, love and respect for the Motherland, socially useful work, and other peoples; aesthetic education, as well as broadening one’s horizons, gaining additional knowledge in various fields of science and culture, etc. The objectives of the excursion are to achieve goals by revealing its topic.

SELECTING A TOPIC

Choosing a theme depends on potential demand, a specific order or the purposeful creation of a specific topic of excursions. Each excursion should have its own clearly defined theme.

The theme is the core that unites all the objects and subtopics of the excursion into a single whole. The selection of objects when creating an excursion is carried out by members of the creative group, constantly checking their materials with the topic. However, it is not enough to select an object on a topic; you need to find specific material on which this topic will be revealed with the greatest completeness and persuasiveness. The grouping of topics underlies the existing classification of excursions.

SELECTION OF LITERATURE AND COMPILATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY

During the development of a new excursion, a list of books, brochures, articles published in newspapers and magazines that explore the topic is compiled. The purpose of the list is to determine the approximate boundaries of the upcoming work on the study of literary sources, to assist guides in using the necessary factual and theoretical material when preparing the text. The list of literature is reproduced in several copies for the convenience of the group and those guides who in the future will prepare to conduct excursions on this topic. The list names the author, title, year of publication, as well as chapters, sections, and pages. If there are a large number of literary sources, the list can be divided into two parts: “Basic literature” and “Additional literature”.

IDENTIFYING OTHER SOURCES OF EXCURSION MATERIAL

In addition to print publications, other sources may be used. The authors of the excursion compile a list of them, which includes state archives, museums, newsreels, documentaries and popular science films, which contain materials on the topic of the excursion. Memories of participants and eyewitnesses of historical events can be used as a source. However, when using memoir materials, caution should be exercised to avoid inaccuracies and bias. Only reliable, carefully verified facts and information should be selected for the story. Computer encyclopedias, including multimedia databases on laser disks (CD-ROM), can provide significant assistance in searching and systematizing excursion material.

DEVELOPING AN EXCURSION ROUTE

The excursion route is the most convenient route for the excursion group to follow, facilitating the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence of inspection of objects for a given excursion, the availability of sites for the group, and the need to ensure the safety of excursionists. One of the objectives of the route is to facilitate the most complete disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the compilers of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for revealing the topic.

In the practice of excursion agencies, there are three options for constructing routes: chronological, thematic and thematic-chronological.

An example of a chronological route can be excursions dedicated to the life and work of outstanding people.

Based on a thematic principle, excursions are organized related to the disclosure of a specific topic in the life of the city (for example, “Arkhangelsk is under construction,” “Literary Moscow Region,” etc.).

All city sightseeing tours are structured according to a thematic and chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of material according to chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only when covering each subtopic.

Route development is a complex multi-stage procedure that requires fairly high qualifications and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating a new excursion. When developing a bus route, one should be guided by the “Rules of the Road”, “Charter of Motor Transport”, “Rules for the Transportation of Passengers” and other departmental regulations.

Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as basic And additional.

The main objects undergo a more in-depth analysis, and the subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.

The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out during transfers (transitions) of the excursion group and it does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is built on the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

– display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passages along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), i.e. so-called “loops”;

– accessibility of the object (site for its inspection);

– moving or transitioning between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;

– availability of well-equipped stops, including sanitary stops and vehicle parking areas.

It is recommended that at the time of the excursion you have several options for moving the group. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams and repair work on city highways. All this must be taken into account when creating different route options.

The development of a bus route is completed by the coordination and approval of the passport and route diagram, calculation of mileage and time of use of vehicles.

DETOURING (BYPASSING) THE ROUTE

Detour (detour) route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set: 1) become familiar with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid; 2) specify the location where the object is located, as well as the location of the proposed stop for the tour bus or walking group; 3) master access by bus to objects or parking areas; 4) time the time required to show the objects, their verbal descriptions and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion as a whole; 5) check the feasibility of using the intended display objects; 6) select the best points for displaying objects and options for location of the excursion group; 7) choose a method of familiarization with the object; 8) for the safety of tourists’ movement along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take measures.

PREPARATION OF THE CONTROL TEXT OF THE EXCURSION

The text represents the material necessary for a full disclosure of all subtopics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide the thematic focus of the guide's story; it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events that the excursion is devoted to, and provides an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by the creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story taking into account the requirements of the given text (control text).

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence, with the distribution of the presented material at stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and source-verified material, which is the basis for all excursions conducted on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions contained in the control text, the guide constructs his own individual text.

Based on the control text, excursion options on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work of creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, subtopics and main issues that are not included in the itinerary of this excursion.

In addition to materials for the guide’s story, the control text includes materials that should make up the content of the introductory speech and conclusion of the tour, as well as logical transitions. It should be convenient to use. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

COMPLETING A TOUR GUIDE'S PORTFOLIO

“Tour guide’s briefcase” is the conventional name for a set of visual aids used during the excursion. These manuals are usually placed in a folder or small briefcase.

One of the tasks of the “tour guide portfolio” is to restore the missing links when showing. During excursions, it often turns out that not all objects necessary to cover the topic have been preserved. For example, tourists cannot see a historical building that has been destroyed by time; a village destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of the original appearance of the place on which the inspected building (residential neighborhood) was built. For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or wasteland, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, or a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will happen at the site being inspected in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown designs of buildings, structures, and monuments.

During excursions, it is sometimes necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events related to it (for example, portraits of members of the Wulf family - friends of A.S. Pushkin - when conducting a tour of the “Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region”).

Demonstration of copies makes the excursion more convincing original documents, manuscripts, literary works, which the guide talks about.

And another important task of visual aids on excursions is give a visual representation of an object(plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).

The “tour guide’s briefcase” includes photographs, geographic Maps, diagrams, drawings, drawings, product samples, etc. Such “portfolios” are created, as a rule, for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help make any journey into the past and present more exciting and useful. The contents of the “portfolio” are dictated by the theme of the excursion.

Visual aids in the “tour guide’s briefcase” should be easy to use. Their number should not be large, since in this case the aids will distract tourists from examining the original objects and distract their attention.

Members of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can assist the guide in covering the topic. The method of demonstrating visual aids is tested along the route. Then recommendations for the use of “portfolio” materials are included in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the “portfolio” is accompanied by a sheet of explanation or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to tourists.

The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the “tour guide’s portfolio” should be clarified throughout the development of a new excursion topic.

Museums, exhibitions, and archives provide great assistance to excursion organizations in selecting visual materials for their “portfolio.”

DEFINITION OF METHODOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR CONDUCTING AN EXCURSION

The success of the excursion is directly dependent on the methodological techniques of showing and telling used in it. The choice of one or another methodological technique is dictated by the tasks assigned to the excursion and the information richness of a particular object.

The work of the creative team at this stage consists of several parts: selection the most effective methodological techniques to cover subtopics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), the features of the show; definitions of methods for maintaining attention tourists and activation of the process of perception of excursion material; making recommendations on the use of expressive means in the guide’s speech; selection of technical rules conducting an excursion. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.

DEFINITION OF TOUR TECHNIQUES

The excursion technique combines all organizational issues of the excursion process. The authors of a bus tour, for example, carefully consider when and where tourists go out to inspect the object, how the tourists move between objects, how and when the exhibits of the “guide’s portfolio” are demonstrated, etc. The corresponding entries are made in the methodological development column “Organizational instructions” . These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to park the bus, where it is necessary to drive slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions apply to excursionists (compliance with safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, seating in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of pauses in the excursion; on observing the time allotted for covering subtopics, organizing answers to questions from tourists; about the technique of using the exhibits of the “portfolio”; about the procedure for laying wreaths, etc. No less important are instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of tourists along the route, and conducting a story while the bus is moving.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Methodological development is a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and management technique should be used to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the characteristics of the objects being demonstrated and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: suggest to the guide ways to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of showing and telling; contain clear recommendations on how to organize an excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of excursionists (if excursion options are available); combine showing and telling into a single whole.

Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion, including a differentiated approach to preparing and conducting the excursion. The options for methodological development reflect the age, professional and other interests of excursionists, as well as the peculiarities of the methodology for its implementation.

The methodological development is prepared as follows:

– on the title page there is data: name of the excursion institution, name of the topic of the excursion, type of excursion, length of the route, duration in academic hours, composition of excursionists, names and positions of the compilers, date of approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.

– the next page outlines the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram indicating objects and stops during the excursion.

The methodological development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not separated into columns. Here, for example, is what the recommendations for a guide look like about constructing an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic “Tyumen - the gateway to Siberia”: “First of all, you need to get to know the group, name the names of the guide and driver, then remind the excursionists of the rules of conduct on the bus, warning them that they will be able to ask questions and share impressions when given the time to do so. In the information part it is necessary to name the topic, route, duration of the excursion, but it is advisable to do this in such a way as to arouse interest in the topic; attract the attention of tourists, i.e. this part of the introduction should be bright and emotional. It can begin with poems by A. S. Pushkin or a quote - a statement by the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh land" The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by methodological development.

The effectiveness of methodological development depends on the correct completion of all seven columns. The development size is 6-12 pages of typewritten text. The volume of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

In the column “Excursion route” called the starting point of the excursion and the end of the subtopic.

In the "Stops" column those points on the route where exit from the bus is provided are named; it is planned to inspect the object from the windows of the bus without excursionists exiting or it is planned to stop at walking tour. You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example: “Embankment of the Volga River” or “Central Square”. It would be more correct to write: “The embankment of the Volga River near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov.”

In the column “Display objects” list those memorable places, the main and additional objects that are shown to the group at a stop, during the transfer or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a country excursion, the objects of display can be a city, a village, an urban settlement as a whole, and when driving along the route - visible parts from a distance ( high building, tower, bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or square.

Column "Duration of the excursion". The time that is called in this column is the sum of the time spent on showing this object, the guide’s story (the part when there is no demonstration) and on the movement of tourists along the route to the next stop. Here it is also necessary to take into account the time spent moving near the objects being inspected and between objects.

Column “Name of subtopics and list of main issues” contains short notes. First of all, the subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, in a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. Here the main questions set out when revealing the subtopic are formulated. For example, in city sightseeing tour in Poltava, one of the subtopics is called “Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden.” The main issues covered in this subtopic are “Swedes in Ukraine” and “Battle of Poltava”. The subtopic “New Old Town” reveals the main issues: “Housing construction in the city”, “Development of culture and art”, “Construction sports complex" The number of main questions included in a subtopic should not exceed five.

In the column “Organizational instructions” place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of tourists along the route and fulfilling sanitary and hygienic requirements, rules of conduct for excursion participants in memorial places and at historical and cultural monuments. It also sets out the requirements for excursionists to protect nature and fire safety rules. This column includes all questions that are included in the concept of “Excursion Technique”. Let's give an example of an entry: “The group is positioned in such a way that all excursionists can see the entrance to the building.” “At this stop, tourists are given time to take photographs.” In out-of-town excursions, this column includes instructions on sanitary stops, recommendations on nature conservation, rules for the movement of excursionists at stops, especially near highways, in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting field trips When visiting working workshops, safety recommendations are given, excerpts from the instructions of the enterprise administration, mandatory rules of behavior for tourists at the enterprise, places where pauses are made in the story and show are named.

Column "Methodological instructions" determines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide regarding the methodology of conducting the excursion, and provides instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion “Khatyn Memorial Complex” to the object “Defense Line of the 100th Infantry Division” two methodological instructions are given: “When revealing a subtopic, the technique of verbal comparison is used, information is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR” and “The story about the battles is carried out using the methodological technique of visual reconstruction of the place where the fighting took place.”

It should be indicated where and how methodological techniques are applied. This column also outlines an option for a logical transition to the next subtopic, provides recommendations for displaying materials from the “guide’s portfolio,” and includes tips on using the movement of tourists relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, “After observing the object and the guide’s story, tourists can independently continue to get acquainted with object”, “The guide should explain the terms...”, “When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the tourists...”, etc.).

COMPILATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL TEXT

Excursion practice is based on the fact that The basis of the guide’s story is an individual text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The basis for the individual text is the reference text.

All individual texts, if there is a good control text, will have identical content, but different turns of phrase, different words, different sequence in the story, there may even be different facts, confirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion, since a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and a guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him through collective efforts. After the guide’s preliminary work on the new topic is completed (collection, study and initial processing of material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to cover subtopics, and draw correct conclusions on the subtopics of the excursion and in general. A timely reference to the control text guarantees a higher level of beginner preparation for the excursion.

The main difference between an individual text and a control text is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the sequence in which objects are shown and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the subtopics. An individual text compiled in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for “use.” Custom text contains a complete summary of what should be covered on the tour. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations or assessments of their significance.

It is also not allowed to mention facts without dating them or citing sources. At the same time, this type of text reflects the peculiarities of the “performer’s” speech. The guide's story consists of separate parts, tied to visual objects. These parts are united by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story suitable for use during the excursion.

When composing an individual text, its author must not forget about the logic of the spoken speech, the fact that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the senses of sightseers synchronously. The desire for lively presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain excursionists. When deciding on the combination of educational and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be decided according to the formula: maximum educational and minimum entertainment. The question of legends has a special place in preparing the excursion. Only legends may be used in excursions.

In terms of content, both texts (control and individual) are the same. This means that if all guides who have mastered this topic have a correctly composed test text, the excursions are “standard.” They are identical in their content, coincide in their assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions they draw on individual subtopics and on the topic as a whole.

When analyzing the same visual object, guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.

However, with equal content, guides can use different figures of speech and may present recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion also lies in the fact that guides leading an excursion on the same topic may have different degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different display techniques and forms of storytelling. The same situation can be illustrated using different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your individuality.

Story and individual text

The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to generally accepted speech, and how it takes into account the speech characteristics of the specific guide to whom this text belongs. “The degree of influence of various texts on our consciousness depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, the author’s psychological attitude towards influence or lack thereof, etc.).” However, speech, its properties, structure, and features play an equally important role.

The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarity in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all guides are individual. How does the guide's personality express itself? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but say it differently. Their story is the same in content, but different in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level.

The methodology requires the guide to remember, when compiling an individual text, the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide.

During the excursion, the guide is “hurried” by objects that need to be shown to the group. The two to three hours allotted for the excursion, the excursionists being on their feet and in the open air, force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events associated with them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is able to attract the attention of tourists. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not respected, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is no coincidence that the term is used in the methodological literature "object language". One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object “speak”.

Techniques for using custom text

The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his own individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended to transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief data about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are written down. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).

Using cards, the guide does not read their contents during the excursion, but only by looking at them, recalls the contents of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again and refresh his memory of the material in the story. Most often, cards are used as a summary of a story in preparation for an excursion. The exceptions are those cards that contain quotes and large excerpts from works of art, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. During the excursion they are read in full.

The card should be easy to use. Recommended small size, about a quarter sheet of thick writing paper suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are folded before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of subtopics covered.

Using cards on excursions is the right of every guide, but as they gain experience, they no longer need to do so. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be learned by heart and conveyed to tourists word for word.

Logical transitions

The creators of the excursion are faced with the task of linking the content of all subtopics into a single whole. It can be solved with logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not independent, part of the excursion. Well-written logical transitions make the excursion coherent, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.

Often on excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal(constructive) transitions. Formal is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a “transition bridge” from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, “Now let’s drive around the square”, “Now we will follow further”, “Let’s explore another remarkable place”). However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.

In cases where movement between objects takes a matter of seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, “Now look here” or “Please pay attention to the monument located nearby”). Such transitions are inevitable when viewing exhibitions in museums and exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and individual stands dedicated to various subtopics are located close to each other. A constructive transition, while not being a “bridge” between subtopics, directs tourists to become familiar with the next object.

More efficient a logical transition linked to the theme of the excursion. Such a transition may begin before the group moves to the next stop or may end already at the stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the features of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.

The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of a group from object to object, but it can be longer or shorter.

RECEPTION (DELIVERY OUT) OF THE EXCURSION

If the test text and methodological development of the excursion are positively assessed, as well as if there is a complete “guide’s briefcase” and a route map, a date for acceptance (delivery) of the new excursion is set. The delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. In case of absence due to illness or other valid reasons, the excursion is given by one of the members of the creative group. The leaders of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodological section where the excursion was prepared, as well as the heads of other sections take part in the reception (delivery) of the excursion.

The reception (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature, carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of opinions, and identification of shortcomings. Participants in the tour must be previously familiar with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, contents of the “guide’s portfolio,” list of used literature, etc.

EXCURSION APPROVAL

If there is a positive conclusion about the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of profit of the new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order to approve the new excursion topic and the list of guides allowed to conduct it.

Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and were heard on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion and methodological department.

All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test tour in the usual manner. Guides (regardless of work experience) are allowed to conduct excursions on a topic that is new to them only if they have individual text after listening and issuing the appropriate order.

Guided tour. Textbook Emelyanov Boris Vasilievich

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

The methodological development is prepared as follows:

– the next page outlines the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram indicating objects and stops during the excursion.

The methodological development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not separated into columns. Here, for example, is what the recommendations for a guide look like about constructing an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic “Tyumen - the gateway to Siberia”: “First of all, you need to get to know the group, name the names of the guide and driver, then remind the excursionists of the rules of behavior on the bus, warning them that they will be able to ask questions and share impressions when given the time to do so. In the information part, it is necessary to name the topic, route, and duration of the excursion, but it is advisable to do this in such a way as to arouse interest in the topic and attract the attention of excursionists, i.e. This part of the introduction should be bright and emotional. It can begin with poems by A. S. Pushkin or a quote-statement by the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh region.” The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by methodological development.

The effectiveness of methodological development depends on the correct completion of all seven columns (Table 2.1). The development size is 6–12 pages of typewritten text. The volume of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

Table 2.1 Sample methodological development of an excursion

In the column “Excursion route” called the starting point of the excursion and the end of the first subtopic.

In the "Stops" column those points on the route where exit from the bus is provided are named; it is planned to examine the object from the bus windows without the excursionists getting off, or a stop on a walking tour is provided. You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example: “Embankment of the Volga River” or “Central Square”. It would be more correct to write: “The embankment of the Volga River near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov.”

In the column “Display objects” list those memorable places, main and additional objects that are shown to the group at a stop, during the transfer or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a country excursion, the objects of display can be a city, a village, an urban settlement as a whole, and when driving along the route - visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or square.

Column “Name of subtopics and list of main issues” contains short notes. First of all, the subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, in a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. Here the main questions set out when revealing the subtopic are formulated. For example, in a city sightseeing tour in Poltava, one of the subtopics is called “Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden.” The main issues covered in this subtopic are “Swedes in Ukraine” and “Battle of Poltava”. The subtopic “New Old Town” reveals the main issues: “Housing construction in the city”, “Development of culture and art”, “Construction of a sports complex”. The number of main questions included in a subtopic should not exceed five.

When conducting industrial excursions and visiting working workshops, safety recommendations, excerpts from the instructions of the enterprise administration, mandatory rules of behavior for tourists at the enterprise are provided, and places where pauses are made in the story and show are named.

Column "Methodological instructions" determines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide regarding the methodology of conducting the excursion, and gives instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, on the excursion " Memorial Complex“Khatyn for the object 'Defense Line of the 100th Infantry Division'"" two methodological instructions are given: "When revealing the subtopic, the technique of verbal comparison is used, information is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR" and "The story about the battles is carried out with using methodological technique visual reconstruction of the place where the fighting took place.”

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In general, the design of a tourist service is carried out in the following sequence:
* establishment of standardized characteristics of the service;
* establishing technologies for the tourist service process;
* development of technological documentation;
* determination of quality control methods;
* project analysis;

* submitting the project for approval.

The quality control documentation must establish the forms, methods and organization of control over the implementation of the tourist service process in order to ensure its compliance with the planned characteristics.

Project analysis is the final stage of design. It is carried out by representatives of the relevant functional departments of the tourism enterprise.

It is aimed at identifying and timely eliminating inconsistencies in the project. The result of the analysis is the updated content of the technological documentation of the tourism enterprise.

The documentation for the designed tourist services and tourist service processes is approved by the head of the tourism enterprise in agreement with the customer.

The development of a specific tourist route is a complex and multi-stage procedure that requires highly qualified developers and is the main element of tourist service technology. This procedure is time-consuming and sometimes takes several months. It ends with the coordination and approval of the route passport. The route passport is used when creating tours.

Route development includes the following main stages:

* study tourism resources along the proposed route;
* marketing the market for tourist services along this route;
* determination of route type;
* construction of a sketch model;
* linking the route to life support points;
* development of a security scheme;
* development of a route passport;
* approval of the passport with the relevant services;
* trial run and making necessary changes;
* approval of the route passport.

After the route is developed, agreements (contracts) are concluded with carriers. These may be agreements with airlines, railways, trucking companies and shipping.

In the process of developing the route, there is intensive correspondence with the host party, the conditions for receiving and serving tourists, the conditions for booking hotels, agreeing on arrival dates and times of arrival, and approving guides.

The relationship with the host is based on the sharing of services provided. The foreign company provides accommodation, food, excursion service, and sometimes insurance. Russian company - transportation of tourists, insurance, visa processing. The advertising campaign is carried out by a Russian company using only its own funds, without the help of a partner.

The tour operator himself can enter into agreements with hotels, restaurants, transport organizations, excursion service bureaus, etc., but such activities may not be profitable for him, as they require a lot of money and time.

The system of relationships between the main subjects in the field international tourism legally formalized by contracts.

The agreement on cooperation in the field of international tourism between Russian and foreign companies is based on the division of services provided between them and includes the following articles:

1. The Subject of the Agreement.

The form of cooperation is reflected the legislative framework, relations with third parties, the procedure for drawing up other documents related to the contract.

2. Responsibilities of the parties.

This paragraph specifies the responsibilities of the sending and receiving parties. The minimum and maximum number of tourists and groups, routes, programs and conditions of service are stipulated.

3. Service documents and the procedure for their use.

This paragraph contains a list of basic tourist service documents and briefly describes their content. This clause is necessary to resolve disputes between the parties in the event of dishonest performance of an obligation by one party or another.

4. Medical care and conditions for its provision.
5. Order cancellation procedure.
6. Payment terms.

There are various payment methods for the provision of tourist services: check, letter of credit, bank transfer, cash payment. Checks and letters of credit are practically not used, although a letter of credit is the most reliable form of ensuring payment and fulfillment of all terms of the contract, since money transferred in advance from the foreign currency account of the sending party is kept in the bank and is not issued to the receiving party after the provision of documents confirming the fulfillment of obligations.

7. Liability for damage.

This paragraph stipulates liability for damage to the health and property of the tourist, as well as liability for damage caused by the fault of the tourist.

8. Dispute resolution procedure.

If it is impossible to reach an agreement, it is carried out by an arbitration court at the location of the defendant.

9. Special conditions.
10. Procedure for entry into force, amendment and termination of the agreement.
11. Legal addresses of the parties.

In our country, thousands have been developed and are operating within Russian and international tourist routes with different modes of transportation (bus, water, rail, walking, etc.).

Information on them can be obtained from local tourism authorities, travel agencies and bureaus.

Formation of tours

After the route has been developed and approved, the formation of the tour begins.

According to GOST R 50681-94 “Tourist and excursion services. Design of tourist services”, the design of a tour provides for the coordination of the capabilities of the enterprise carrying out this design with the requests of tourists.

The basis for designing a service is its verbal model ( short description) - a set of requirements identified as a result of a service market study, agreed upon with the customer and taking into account the capabilities of the service provider.

Designing the process of serving tourists throughout the entire tourist travel carried out at separate stages of service provision and with the mandatory preparation of technological maps for each of them. The result of designing a tourist service is technological documentation (technological maps, instructions, contracts, rules, regulations, etc.).

When preparing a tour, the tour operator must provide management with the following for approval:

* description of the route, tour program, characteristics of accommodation facilities (addresses, names, accommodation conditions), food conditions;
* tour calculation;
* data about the country of the tourist trip, about the customs of the local population, shrines, natural monuments, history, culture and other tourist attractions that are under special protection, the state of the natural environment, currency exchange conditions;
* safety conditions for tourists on the route;
* information about the necessary addresses and telephone numbers (names, surnames of officials, Russian embassies/consulates);
* information about the host travel company (telephone numbers, addresses, names, procedures for resolving conflict situations);
* a sample voucher and a sheet of notes for the voucher (or documents replacing them, agreed upon with the receiving party);
* information about the rules of entry into the country (place) of temporary stay there, about customs requirements.

All these requirements are reflected in the following documents, which are approved by the general certification body:

1. Technological map of the route.

When developing a technological route map, the main indicators of the route, place of stay, arrival dates, approximate (expected) number of tourists, program for serving tourists traveling along the route, description are determined.

2. Route passport.

The route passport is a more detailed description of the route, includes organizational and legal aspects, regulates the relationship between the tourism enterprise, the tourist and the company that has entered into a partnership agreement with the tour operator. The terms and conditions of travel insurance are also reflected here.

3. Information leaflet.

According to the law “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” and “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation,” tourists must be provided with reliable and complete information about the upcoming trip. Therefore, the information sheet must be included in the set of mandatory documents handed over to the client. It reflects basic information about the host country, the host company, the safety conditions of tourists on the route, the necessary contact numbers for contacting the Russian Embassy and the host company. It may also contain other documents: tour program memo, maps, brochures, etc.

* accommodation facilities and range of services provided;
* living conditions (location, category, level of comfort);
* food conditions;
* transfer conditions;
* tour program;
* excursion services;
* presence of a guide and accompanying person;
* additional services.

The document is certified by the signature of the manager and the seal of the enterprise. In addition to the information sheet, a reminder for tourists should be developed.

In accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50690-2000, clause 5.7, the tourist guide must contain information about:

* rules of entry into the country (places) of temporary stay;
* conditions of stay;
* customs rules Oh;
* customs of the local population, national and religious characteristics of the region, religious shrines, natural monuments, history, culture and other tourist attractions that are under special protection;
* state of the natural environment;
* health risk factors based on climatic and natural conditions;
* time zone and climatic conditions on the route;
* dangers that tourists may encounter while traveling;
* personal safety rules;
* travel features;
* currency exchange rates and the procedure for their exchange;
* car rental rules, traffic and parking;
* other useful information.

The document is also certified by the signature of the manager and the seal of the enterprise.

The tour sales inspector (manager of a travel company) or the head of a tourist group develops a plan for interviews with tourists traveling abroad on this tour.

The interview should be conducted at the stage of registration of the tourist voucher.

During the conversation, information both included in the information sheet and additional information related to the questions of the buyer of the tour (voucher) should be announced. In general, the content of the interview should include the following information: brief description place of stay (country, city); historical and cultural features; accepted standards of behavior; information about places that tourists are not recommended to visit on their own, about known methods of deception, about price levels (food, public transport):

* the need to comply with customs regulations;
* excerpts from the legislation of the host country relating to the stay of foreigners on its territory;
* about the content health insurance(what is covered) on the independent liability of a tourist who has not concluded an insurance contract in the event of a sudden illness or accident;
· about possible risk factors for the life and health of tourists:
- risk of injury (how to avoid injuries, and what emergency measures should be taken in case of injury, pay attention to swimming in the sea and pool, independent walks);
- environmental impact (favorable time of year for of this trip, O weather conditions district, on microclimate indicators in hotels and Vehicle ah - air conditioning, heating, etc.);
- fire hazard (about compliance with fire safety when living - smoking, using a boiler, etc.);
- biological factors (about self-nutrition - food poisoning, about poisonous plants, insects and animals found in the region, about carriers of infectious diseases, especially for countries in Africa and Southeast Asia);
- psychological risk factors (about creating conditions for normal life, the need to follow the rules of conduct for each tourist, in order to avoid undue stress on other members of the tourist group);
- dangerous radiation (about the impact of ultraviolet radiation on humans: warn about the difference in levels of solar radiation in the north and south, about a reasonable time spent on the beach, about measures to prevent heat stroke, sunburn);
- other risk factors (providing tourists with sufficient information about the tourist services being sold, whether tourists clearly understand what is included in the service program, what is included in the price of the tour, which services are basic and which are additional);
- specific risk factors (about the level of professional training of service personnel - accompanying persons, tour guides, about the possibility of disasters and other emergency situations, including those related to the state of public order: explain who to contact in such cases, how not to create panic);
- recommendations on the required level of personal physical fitness, health status, age restrictions (elderly people, small children), on the characteristics of individual equipment;
* on measures to ensure the safety of tourist property (on depositing valuables, loss of keys, luggage receipts, etc.). About where to contact if lost travel documents or international passports;
* about filing a claim in case of deviations from the service program (submit while on the route to the accompanying group, a representative of the receiving party, to the local administration, etc.).

Route directory

Each destination manager compiles an information catalog that reflects all the information on the route, the country of stay, cities, descriptions of hotels (rooms, meals, services) and excursions. Usually this is a colorfully designed album in which the client, upon coming to the company, can and should find everything that may interest him, and the manager, having received regional studies training, must provide all the information on questions that arise.

Tour calculation

After transport prices have been received and foreign partners have set a price for their package of services, the tour operator calculates the cost of the tour package. In addition to the cost of the ticket and the package of services of the host company, the cost of the tourist package includes overhead costs ( rent, telephone conversations, fax correspondence, use of information networks, etc.), the profit of the operating company and commissions to firms operating under an agency agreement, as well as taxes attributable to cost, are included. The result is the price at which vouchers for this route will be sold.

Sample voucher

The tourist voucher must be attached to the tourist package. According to Article 10 of the Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation,” on the basis of a tourist voucher, mutual settlements between the tour operator and or the travel agent sending the tourist and the receiving tour operator or persons providing specific services are carried out.

A voucher is an official document that the sending company hands over to individual tourists or the group leader as confirmation of their right to receive the services listed in it from the receiving company. Upon arrival of tourists at their destination, the voucher is transferred to the receiving party.

Currently, international tourist vouchers are widely used in tourism.

An international travel voucher is a document that combines a regular voucher with an official payment document as an integral part of it. It saves significant time and cash. An international travel voucher is accepted by service providers all over the world and virtually eliminates the need to enter into agreements with each of these businesses separately.

One of the main documents of the technological documentation package is the contract with the client for tourist services (sale of vouchers).

The terms of the agreement include:

* information about the tour operator (seller), including information about the license for the right to carry out tourism activities, the legal address of the enterprise and bank details;
* information about the tourist (buyer) to the extent necessary for the sale of the tourism product;
* information about the tour operator at the reception (seller's partner), including information about the license, legal address, bank details and contact numbers;
* information about the consumer properties of the tourist product, the program of stay and travel route, the conditions for the safety of tourists and certification of the tourist product;
* date and time of the start and end of the trip, its duration;
* procedure for meeting, seeing off and accompanying tourists;
* rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties;
* retail price of the tourist product and the procedure for its payment;
* minimum number of tourists in a group;
* deadline for informing the tourist that the trip will not take place due to a shortage of the group;
* conditions for changing and terminating the contract, the procedure for resolving disputes arising in connection with this and indemnifying losses;
* procedure and deadlines for submitting claims by a tourist.

Other terms of the agreement are determined by agreement of the parties.

All documents are of an official nature, must be signed by the head of the enterprise and have a company seal.

The list of possible tourist services provided during a tourist trip is determined and specified in the draft tourist service program.

When developing a tourist service program, the following are determined:

* travel route;
* list of tourist enterprises - performers (suppliers) of services;
* composition of excursions and attractions;
* the period of provision of services by each enterprise providing services;
* list tourist trips, walks;
* a range of leisure activities;
* duration of stay at each point of the route;
* number of tourists participating in the trip;
* types of transport for domestic transportation;
* the need for guides, tour guides, foreign representatives, instructors, translators and others, as well as the need for their training;
* required number of vehicles;
* procedure for preparing advertising and information materials;
* travel description form for information leaflets for tourist packages and their quantity.

In the tourism business, there are two main types of tours:

* inclusive tour - a comprehensive service that includes the entire package of tourist services: accommodation, meals, excursion services, transportation, as well as Additional services: household, sports and recreational, physical education, medical, etc.;
* custom tour - a set of individual tourist services: meals, accommodation, excursion services, transport, etc.

An inclusive tour is a tour with a rigid, pre-planned (even before contact with the client) set of services focused on separate species recreation or tourism. Its peculiarity is that the tourist pays in advance for the entire list of such services, without taking into account the fact that the tourist may not use it. The composition of services on an inclusive tour does not change during implementation. The tourist must buy such a tour entirely or abandon it altogether.

An inclusive tour can be developed and practically tested even before meeting the consumers of such a tour. They are organized and offered, as a rule, on popular routes, for example “Classical Italy”, “Imperial Petersburg and its suburbs”, etc.

Inclusive tours are most often developed for mass group tourism, and therefore enjoy significant discounts on group services offered by transport and hotel companies, as well as food and entertainment establishments.

After the formation of an inclusive tour, as a rule, it must undergo an experimental implementation, the so-called “testing”. It can be combined with a promotional free (or discounted) trip, cruise, etc. According to the results promotional tour costs are clarified, the profit margin is determined, the price is calculated, and a system of discounts is informed.

Thus, the main advantages of inclusive tours are:

* lower cost compared to a tour where services are purchased separately;
* the program and cost of the tour are known in advance;
* ability to maintain tour statistics;
* expanded opportunities for conducting an advertising campaign for such a tour.

A customized tour expands the tourist’s ability to plan his own time, allows him to select tourist and other services in accordance with his capabilities (“according to money”) and interests.

When selling custom tours, the formation of a program and the composition of services are carried out at the request and with the direct participation of the tourist himself. He is offered a choice of different service options for each type of service at the proposed vacation spot.

The services chosen by the tourist are formed into a tour program, and the price that the tourist pays when purchasing the product is calculated.

The formation of a tour, both inclusive and customized, is essentially an “assembly” of a number of services and goods into one “shell” called a tour. In addition to the mechanical compilation of such a set, the formation of a tour involves a feasibility study to determine profitability.

Recently, creating a tour using a computer has become increasingly popular. Based on the appropriate software, a tour is created in real time that would best satisfy the client’s needs. If there are appropriate agreements with transport companies and a ticket printing machine, a travel agency can issue a ticket for a tour, book hotel rooms and the whole range of related tourist services right in its office.

Creative project “Creating a guidebook and excursion routes in the Kizhinginsky district in real and virtual space"

Relevance of the project

With great interest we read books about distant countries, memorize mysterious names, learn about high mountains and hot deserts, stormy seas and caves, fabulous animals and plants, the polar lights and volcanic eruptions. And our native land seems so inconspicuous, gray and boring that there seems to be nothing to talk about it. Only with age does a person begin to understand and feel the modest beauty of his native forests and fields, the exciting quiet blue of our rivers and lakes, and see poetry in the names of villages and hamlets. I would like for each person to discover their own region as early as possible, and for this interest to remain as long as possible!

We believe that our region has attractive natural and historical and cultural tourism resources - Buddhist datsans, stupas, tiled burials, sacred holy places, living water of the Arshans, geological and archaeological monuments, museums, folk ensembles, folk arts and crafts, unique culture of peoples people inhabiting our area, famous people, etc. I would like to know about our small homeland got to know as many people on earth as possible.

That's why we called our project:“Creation of a guide and excursion routes around the Kizhinginsky district in real and virtual space.”

We believe that our project will contribute to the development of tourism in the area and will create an information resource for real and virtual excursion routes.Will make available to a wide range of people, including people with disabilities, local history, historical and cultural material accumulated by local historians, teachers, and simply people passionate about the history of their region through the development and conduct of walking, bus and virtualexcursions around the native land.

Objective of the project: Development of a guide and excursion routes around the Kizhinginsky district in real and virtual space.

Project objectives:

1. Identify the sights of the Kizhinginsky district

2. Develop excursion routes to these attractions in different versions, accompanied by excursion texts

3. Creation and design of a guide to the area

Resource support for the project

1. Creative and research papers on local history, history, flora and fauna of the Kizhinga region

2. Internet access from the school computer science and ICT room

3. Possibility of trips to regional and republican archives and museums

4. Communication with school, village museums, folk ensembles, rural houses culture of the area, recreation centers such as Orotsky Arshan

5. Close connection with local and district authorities, veterans’ council, funds mass media

6. Sponsorship public organizations and school graduates.

7. School, rural and district libraries

8. Communication with schoolchildren in our district and schoolchildren from other regions of the Republic (in particular the Eravninsky district), as well as students of school No. 60 for social adaptation of disabled children, etc.

As you can see, there is a wide range of opportunities that need to be used wisely to achieve your goals and objectives.

Required equipment for the project

PC connected to the Internet, Microsoft Word, scanning and image processing software, PowerPoint, multimedia projector, screen, camcorder

The originality of our project is that these excursion routes require a minimum of material resources, our tourist product has only one component: - geographical - the route itself and its program; and is in the nature of an environmental action.

Stages of work

Work on developing a route involves several stages: preparatory, practical (basic), analytical (summarizing). Each stage includes step-by-step actions to ensure the effectiveness of the work.

I. Preparatory stage:

1. Study of special literature on the preparation and conduct of excursions, analyze the experience of creating an excursion route in order to form an excursion and environmental culture.

2. Creation of an information resource on local history, history, culture, flora and fauna of the Kizhinga region

3. Identification of excursion objects for creating routes.

4. Determining the circle of people for cooperation in creating routes

5. Development of an activity program

II. Main stage:

Creation of creative groups in the direction of the project

Guide training

Creation of the website “Guide to the Kizhinginsky District”

Release of booklets and project guide

Testing of excursion routes for students of the district, districts of the Republic, the city of Ulan-Ude and the adult population

III. Analytical

Identifying errors and shortcomings in work, drawing up a correction plan taking into account comments from website visitors and tourists along the route

A project is considered successful if:

Positive feedback about the project will be received

The project participants will have a desire to continue joint activities

There will be demand for the project

Reality of implementation and practical value of the project

The practical value of the project lies in the development of a guide and excursion routes around the area, which may be in demand by school students, as well as people whose time in the Kizhinginsky district is limited - vacationers on natural healing springs, children's camps, specialists who arrived on business trips, and virtual excursions can be visited by people with disabilities. Excursion group can travel by bus or on foot, making stops at the most interesting attractions. The developed presentations will also allow you to conduct a correspondence tour of your native land.

Expected results:

As a result of successful implementation of the project, there will be:

A positive image of the small homeland has been formed among immigrants from the Kizhinginsky district

Visitors to the site and area will experience historical, cultural and natural attractions native land

The flow of tourists to the area will increase

Virtual excursions will be in demand by people with disabilities and will be used by teachers in their work

A visit to the site will arouse interest in the history and traditions of our people

Living in the region, on the territory of unique places, we not only do not visit them, but also know little about them. During the implementation of the project, we will gain knowledge about beautiful places, not only where we were born, but also about other equally amazing corners of the Kizhinga land. There will be an interest in the history and culture of the native region, its historical past, activity in the search for local history material, and interest in the unique nature of the native land. We will know the sights of our small homeland. As a result, there will be a feeling of pride in your land, in its unique beauty, which means we can assume that the goal and objectives of the project have been fulfilled.

First results of the project

Information block:

Creative and research works of students of the Orot school in local history take prizes not only in the region, in the Republic, but also at All-Russian and International competitions

2. Practical block:

Two excursion routes with students of the Eravninsky district were prepared and conducted:

Shiringa - Orot. The guys from the Shiringa secondary school came to visit us. We showed and talked about the most interesting sights of the village of Orot, received them in the best traditions and customs of the Buryat people, with an offering of hadak, and at the Orot Arshan we held environmental games and showed a concert. In turn, new friends from Eravna conducted a correspondence tour of their native land.

Orot - Komsomolskoe.The main goal of the route was to get acquainted with the flora, fauna, and history of our native land.Arriving in the village of Komsomolskoye, first of all we met with the school children, and a “Let’s get acquainted!” training was held. After getting acquainted, our team gave an excursion - a presentation around their small homeland. We talked about the sights of our settlement, including the healing spring of Orot Arshan. Our new friends listened to our speech with attention and interest. They asked questions. In turn, the children of the Komsomolsk secondary school conducted an environmental excursion around ecological trail village of Komsomolsk and the school museum. Then we got acquainted with the valley of the Pogromnoye River, visited the Egitinsky quarry of fluorite deposits, along the way we studied the flora of this area, and examined the location of bentonite clays. Just like here, in the vicinity of the village there is a unique water feature “Pogromninsky Spring”. As you know, the Eravninsky district is famous for its lakes, so our friends from the Komsomolskaya school invited us to visit Bolshaya Eravna - the lakes that are located in the regional center of the village of Sosnovoozersk. We were delighted with this spectacle! After all, in our area you rarely see such an amount of water. We enjoyed swimming, chatting with new friends, exchanging email addresses, playing interesting games, and taking souvenir photos.

The project was implemented: “Unified uniform and emblem of the tour guide team”

List of developed excursions

“History and modernity of the Chuvash migrants in the village of Orot, Kizhinginsky district”

“The disappeared village of Yekhe - Gorkhon”

“Historical and cultural atlas of the village of Orot”

“Orotsky Arshan as an object of natural and cultural heritage”

"Famous people of my small homeland"

"Traditions and customs of the Buryats"

“Village Compound” (introduction to colorful life and traditional cuisine)

Sightseeing tour of the village with a visit to Orotsky Arshan and attractions.

Project development prospects

Creation of the website “Guide and excursion routes in the Kizhinginsky district”

Find students from other cities (countries) on the Internet and exchange information about your region with them.

Development of a virtual game: “Get to know your small homeland”

Project budget

Expense item

Amount in rubles

Stationery (A4 paper, pens, notepads, pencils, etc.)

1000

Website creation

3000

Camcorder

Expenses for fuel and lubricants

500 l.* 32 = 16000

Available:

Camera

Computer with Internet access

Printer

Total

Speciality:

Uniqueness: 84%

Number of pages: 73

Year of defense: 2014

Additionally: The thesis is accompanied by a free report (defense speech), presentation, review, review. Finalization of the thesis (if necessary) - free of charge!

Introduction

I. Theoretical part: theoretical and methodological foundations for the study of excursion routes

1.1. Theoretical analysis of excursion activities

1.2. Theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological approaches in the study of excursion routes

1.3. World experience in developing tourist maps

II. Analytical part: analysis current state excursion routes of the Republic of Dagestan

2.1. Assessment of tourism resources of the Republic of Dagestan

2.2. Analysis of tourist infrastructure objects of the Republic of Dagestan

2.3. general characteristics excursion routes of the Republic of Dagestan

III. Practical part: development of measures to compile an atlas of excursion routes on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan

3.1. Activities to develop an atlas of excursion routes

3.2. Information Support

3.4. Economic assessment of the effectiveness of introducing an atlas of excursion routes on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan

Conclusion

Bibliography

It might be useful to read: